Auto merge of #58389 - Centril:rollup, r=Centril

Rollup of 11 pull requests

Successful merges:

 - #58105 (libarena => 2018)
 - #58111 (libterm => 2018)
 - #58287 (rustc-std-workspace-core => 2018)
 - #58288 (rustc-workspace-hack => 2018)
 - #58300 (librustc_typeck => 2018)
 - #58313 (Use `?` in librustc macros)
 - #58318 (libserialize => 2018)
 - #58322 (librustc_codegen_ssa => 2018)
 - #58342 (Revert removed #![feature(nll)])
 - #58367 (Remove two dead functions.)
 - #58382 (docs: remove "experimental" wording from std::os::unix)

Failed merges:

r? @ghost
diff --git a/src/libarena/Cargo.toml b/src/libarena/Cargo.toml
index e2af67d..82fc64b 100644
--- a/src/libarena/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/libarena/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 authors = ["The Rust Project Developers"]
 name = "arena"
 version = "0.0.0"
+edition = "2018"
 
 [lib]
 name = "arena"
@@ -9,4 +10,4 @@
 crate-type = ["dylib"]
 
 [dependencies]
-rustc_data_structures = { path = "../librustc_data_structures" }
\ No newline at end of file
+rustc_data_structures = { path = "../librustc_data_structures" }
diff --git a/src/libarena/lib.rs b/src/libarena/lib.rs
index aa522d8..8ae046c 100644
--- a/src/libarena/lib.rs
+++ b/src/libarena/lib.rs
@@ -11,17 +11,17 @@
 #![doc(html_root_url = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/",
        test(no_crate_inject, attr(deny(warnings))))]
 
+#![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
+
 #![feature(alloc)]
 #![feature(core_intrinsics)]
 #![feature(dropck_eyepatch)]
-#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(raw_vec_internals)]
 #![cfg_attr(test, feature(test))]
 
 #![allow(deprecated)]
 
 extern crate alloc;
-extern crate rustc_data_structures;
 
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::MTLock;
 
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     extern crate test;
-    use self::test::Bencher;
+    use test::Bencher;
     use super::TypedArena;
     use std::cell::Cell;
 
@@ -511,15 +511,15 @@
 
         impl<'a> Wrap<'a> {
             fn alloc_inner<F: Fn() -> Inner>(&self, f: F) -> &Inner {
-                let r: &EI = self.0.alloc(EI::I(f()));
+                let r: &EI<'_> = self.0.alloc(EI::I(f()));
                 if let &EI::I(ref i) = r {
                     i
                 } else {
                     panic!("mismatch");
                 }
             }
-            fn alloc_outer<F: Fn() -> Outer<'a>>(&self, f: F) -> &Outer {
-                let r: &EI = self.0.alloc(EI::O(f()));
+            fn alloc_outer<F: Fn() -> Outer<'a>>(&self, f: F) -> &Outer<'_> {
+                let r: &EI<'_> = self.0.alloc(EI::O(f()));
                 if let &EI::O(ref o) = r {
                     o
                 } else {
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@
         count: &'a Cell<u32>,
     }
 
-    impl<'a> Drop for DropCounter<'a> {
+    impl Drop for DropCounter<'_> {
         fn drop(&mut self) {
             self.count.set(self.count.get() + 1);
         }
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@
     fn test_typed_arena_drop_count() {
         let counter = Cell::new(0);
         {
-            let arena: TypedArena<DropCounter> = TypedArena::default();
+            let arena: TypedArena<DropCounter<'_>> = TypedArena::default();
             for _ in 0..100 {
                 // Allocate something with drop glue to make sure it doesn't leak.
                 arena.alloc(DropCounter { count: &counter });
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@
     #[test]
     fn test_typed_arena_drop_on_clear() {
         let counter = Cell::new(0);
-        let mut arena: TypedArena<DropCounter> = TypedArena::default();
+        let mut arena: TypedArena<DropCounter<'_>> = TypedArena::default();
         for i in 0..10 {
             for _ in 0..100 {
                 // Allocate something with drop glue to make sure it doesn't leak.
diff --git a/src/libfmt_macros/lib.rs b/src/libfmt_macros/lib.rs
index ea67c01..aacd6ce 100644
--- a/src/libfmt_macros/lib.rs
+++ b/src/libfmt_macros/lib.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 #![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
 
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(rustc_private)]
 
 pub use Piece::*;
diff --git a/src/libgraphviz/lib.rs b/src/libgraphviz/lib.rs
index 8ce0f75..fadcfae 100644
--- a/src/libgraphviz/lib.rs
+++ b/src/libgraphviz/lib.rs
@@ -276,6 +276,7 @@
 
 #![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
 
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(str_escape)]
 
 use LabelText::*;
diff --git a/src/libpanic_abort/lib.rs b/src/libpanic_abort/lib.rs
index 7c6f36e..edc97cd 100644
--- a/src/libpanic_abort/lib.rs
+++ b/src/libpanic_abort/lib.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #![feature(core_intrinsics)]
 #![feature(libc)]
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(panic_runtime)]
 #![feature(staged_api)]
 #![feature(rustc_attrs)]
diff --git a/src/libproc_macro/lib.rs b/src/libproc_macro/lib.rs
index 2cdc5a4..09a4a96 100644
--- a/src/libproc_macro/lib.rs
+++ b/src/libproc_macro/lib.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
 
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(staged_api)]
 #![feature(const_fn)]
 #![feature(extern_types)]
diff --git a/src/libprofiler_builtins/lib.rs b/src/libprofiler_builtins/lib.rs
index 9c8d3a1..2ce1a11 100644
--- a/src/libprofiler_builtins/lib.rs
+++ b/src/libprofiler_builtins/lib.rs
@@ -5,5 +5,6 @@
             reason = "internal implementation detail of rustc right now",
             issue = "0")]
 #![allow(unused_features)]
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(staged_api)]
 #![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
diff --git a/src/librustc/infer/mod.rs b/src/librustc/infer/mod.rs
index 06c94d1..dabe175 100644
--- a/src/librustc/infer/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/infer/mod.rs
@@ -1291,14 +1291,6 @@
         value.visit_with(&mut r)
     }
 
-    pub fn resolve_type_and_region_vars_if_possible<T>(&self, value: &T) -> T
-    where
-        T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
-    {
-        let mut r = resolve::OpportunisticTypeAndRegionResolver::new(self);
-        value.fold_with(&mut r)
-    }
-
     pub fn fully_resolve<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&self, value: &T) -> FixupResult<T> {
         /*!
          * Attempts to resolve all type/region variables in
diff --git a/src/librustc/macros.rs b/src/librustc/macros.rs
index 2978b35..ccae9d3 100644
--- a/src/librustc/macros.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/macros.rs
@@ -62,38 +62,36 @@
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! impl_stable_hash_for {
     // Enums
-    // FIXME(mark-i-m): Some of these should be `?` rather than `*`. See the git blame and change
-    // them back when `?` is supported again.
     (enum $enum_name:path {
         $( $variant:ident
            // this incorrectly allows specifying both tuple-like and struct-like fields, as in `Variant(a,b){c,d}`,
            // when it should be only one or the other
-           $( ( $($field:ident $(-> $delegate:tt)*),* ) )*
-           $( { $($named_field:ident $(-> $named_delegate:tt)*),* } )*
-        ),* $(,)*
+           $( ( $($field:ident $(-> $delegate:tt)?),* ) )?
+           $( { $($named_field:ident $(-> $named_delegate:tt)?),* } )?
+        ),* $(,)?
     }) => {
         impl_stable_hash_for!(
             impl<> for enum $enum_name [ $enum_name ] { $( $variant
-                $( ( $($field $(-> $delegate)*),* ) )*
-                $( { $($named_field $(-> $named_delegate)*),* } )*
+                $( ( $($field $(-> $delegate)?),* ) )?
+                $( { $($named_field $(-> $named_delegate)?),* } )?
             ),* }
         );
     };
     // We want to use the enum name both in the `impl ... for $enum_name` as well as for
     // importing all the variants. Unfortunately it seems we have to take the name
     // twice for this purpose
-    (impl<$($lt:lifetime $(: $lt_bound:lifetime)* ),* $(,)* $($T:ident),* $(,)*>
+    (impl<$($lt:lifetime $(: $lt_bound:lifetime)? ),* $(,)? $($T:ident),* $(,)?>
         for enum $enum_name:path
         [ $enum_path:path ]
     {
         $( $variant:ident
            // this incorrectly allows specifying both tuple-like and struct-like fields, as in `Variant(a,b){c,d}`,
            // when it should be only one or the other
-           $( ( $($field:ident $(-> $delegate:tt)*),* ) )*
-           $( { $($named_field:ident $(-> $named_delegate:tt)*),* } )*
-        ),* $(,)*
+           $( ( $($field:ident $(-> $delegate:tt)?),* ) )?
+           $( { $($named_field:ident $(-> $named_delegate:tt)?),* } )?
+        ),* $(,)?
     }) => {
-        impl<'a, $($lt $(: $lt_bound)*,)* $($T,)*>
+        impl<'a, $($lt $(: $lt_bound)?,)* $($T,)*>
             ::rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::HashStable<$crate::ich::StableHashingContext<'a>>
             for $enum_name
             where $($T: ::rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::HashStable<$crate::ich::StableHashingContext<'a>>),*
@@ -107,9 +105,9 @@
 
                 match *self {
                     $(
-                        $variant $( ( $(ref $field),* ) )* $( { $(ref $named_field),* } )* => {
-                            $($( __impl_stable_hash_field!($field, __ctx, __hasher $(, $delegate)*) );*)*
-                            $($( __impl_stable_hash_field!($named_field, __ctx, __hasher $(, $named_delegate)*) );*)*
+                        $variant $( ( $(ref $field),* ) )? $( { $(ref $named_field),* } )? => {
+                            $($( __impl_stable_hash_field!($field, __ctx, __hasher $(, $delegate)?) );*)?
+                            $($( __impl_stable_hash_field!($named_field, __ctx, __hasher $(, $named_delegate)?) );*)?
                         }
                     )*
                 }
@@ -117,16 +115,15 @@
         }
     };
     // Structs
-    // FIXME(mark-i-m): same here.
-    (struct $struct_name:path { $($field:ident $(-> $delegate:tt)*),*  $(,)* }) => {
+    (struct $struct_name:path { $($field:ident $(-> $delegate:tt)?),* $(,)? }) => {
         impl_stable_hash_for!(
-            impl<'tcx> for struct $struct_name { $($field $(-> $delegate)*),* }
+            impl<'tcx> for struct $struct_name { $($field $(-> $delegate)?),* }
         );
     };
-    (impl<$($lt:lifetime $(: $lt_bound:lifetime)* ),* $(,)* $($T:ident),* $(,)*> for struct $struct_name:path {
-        $($field:ident $(-> $delegate:tt)*),* $(,)*
+    (impl<$($lt:lifetime $(: $lt_bound:lifetime)? ),* $(,)? $($T:ident),* $(,)?> for struct $struct_name:path {
+        $($field:ident $(-> $delegate:tt)?),* $(,)?
     }) => {
-        impl<'a, $($lt $(: $lt_bound)*,)* $($T,)*>
+        impl<'a, $($lt $(: $lt_bound)?,)* $($T,)*>
             ::rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::HashStable<$crate::ich::StableHashingContext<'a>> for $struct_name
             where $($T: ::rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::HashStable<$crate::ich::StableHashingContext<'a>>),*
         {
@@ -138,21 +135,20 @@
                     $(ref $field),*
                 } = *self;
 
-                $( __impl_stable_hash_field!($field, __ctx, __hasher $(, $delegate)*) );*
+                $( __impl_stable_hash_field!($field, __ctx, __hasher $(, $delegate)?) );*
             }
         }
     };
     // Tuple structs
-    // We cannot use normale parentheses here, the parser won't allow it
-    // FIXME(mark-i-m): same here.
-    (tuple_struct $struct_name:path { $($field:ident $(-> $delegate:tt)*),*  $(,)* }) => {
+    // We cannot use normal parentheses here, the parser won't allow it
+    (tuple_struct $struct_name:path { $($field:ident $(-> $delegate:tt)?),*  $(,)? }) => {
         impl_stable_hash_for!(
-            impl<'tcx> for tuple_struct $struct_name { $($field $(-> $delegate)*),* }
+            impl<'tcx> for tuple_struct $struct_name { $($field $(-> $delegate)?),* }
         );
     };
-    (impl<$($lt:lifetime $(: $lt_bound:lifetime)* ),* $(,)* $($T:ident),* $(,)*>
-     for tuple_struct $struct_name:path { $($field:ident $(-> $delegate:tt)*),*  $(,)* }) => {
-        impl<'a, $($lt $(: $lt_bound)*,)* $($T,)*>
+    (impl<$($lt:lifetime $(: $lt_bound:lifetime)? ),* $(,)? $($T:ident),* $(,)?>
+     for tuple_struct $struct_name:path { $($field:ident $(-> $delegate:tt)?),*  $(,)? }) => {
+        impl<'a, $($lt $(: $lt_bound)?,)* $($T,)*>
             ::rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::HashStable<$crate::ich::StableHashingContext<'a>> for $struct_name
             where $($T: ::rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::HashStable<$crate::ich::StableHashingContext<'a>>),*
         {
@@ -164,7 +160,7 @@
                     $(ref $field),*
                 ) = *self;
 
-                $( __impl_stable_hash_field!($field, __ctx, __hasher $(, $delegate)*) );*
+                $( __impl_stable_hash_field!($field, __ctx, __hasher $(, $delegate)?) );*
             }
         }
     };
diff --git a/src/librustc/mir/visit.rs b/src/librustc/mir/visit.rs
index 0180256..e582803 100644
--- a/src/librustc/mir/visit.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/mir/visit.rs
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@
 // ```rust
 // fn super_basic_block_data(&mut self,
 //                           block: BasicBlock,
-//                           data: & $($mutability)* BasicBlockData<'tcx>) {
+//                           data: & $($mutability)? BasicBlockData<'tcx>) {
 //     let BasicBlockData {
-//         ref $($mutability)* statements,
-//         ref $($mutability)* terminator,
+//         statements,
+//         terminator,
 //         is_cleanup: _
 //     } = *data;
 //
@@ -67,111 +67,111 @@
 // `is_cleanup` above.
 
 macro_rules! make_mir_visitor {
-    ($visitor_trait_name:ident, $($mutability:ident)*) => {
+    ($visitor_trait_name:ident, $($mutability:ident)?) => {
         pub trait $visitor_trait_name<'tcx> {
             // Override these, and call `self.super_xxx` to revert back to the
             // default behavior.
 
-            fn visit_mir(&mut self, mir: & $($mutability)* Mir<'tcx>) {
+            fn visit_mir(&mut self, mir: & $($mutability)? Mir<'tcx>) {
                 self.super_mir(mir);
             }
 
             fn visit_basic_block_data(&mut self,
                                       block: BasicBlock,
-                                      data: & $($mutability)* BasicBlockData<'tcx>) {
+                                      data: & $($mutability)? BasicBlockData<'tcx>) {
                 self.super_basic_block_data(block, data);
             }
 
             fn visit_source_scope_data(&mut self,
-                                           scope_data: & $($mutability)* SourceScopeData) {
+                                           scope_data: & $($mutability)? SourceScopeData) {
                 self.super_source_scope_data(scope_data);
             }
 
             fn visit_statement(&mut self,
                                block: BasicBlock,
-                               statement: & $($mutability)* Statement<'tcx>,
+                               statement: & $($mutability)? Statement<'tcx>,
                                location: Location) {
                 self.super_statement(block, statement, location);
             }
 
             fn visit_assign(&mut self,
                             block: BasicBlock,
-                            place: & $($mutability)* Place<'tcx>,
-                            rvalue: & $($mutability)* Rvalue<'tcx>,
+                            place: & $($mutability)? Place<'tcx>,
+                            rvalue: & $($mutability)? Rvalue<'tcx>,
                             location: Location) {
                 self.super_assign(block, place, rvalue, location);
             }
 
             fn visit_terminator(&mut self,
                                 block: BasicBlock,
-                                terminator: & $($mutability)* Terminator<'tcx>,
+                                terminator: & $($mutability)? Terminator<'tcx>,
                                 location: Location) {
                 self.super_terminator(block, terminator, location);
             }
 
             fn visit_terminator_kind(&mut self,
                                      block: BasicBlock,
-                                     kind: & $($mutability)* TerminatorKind<'tcx>,
+                                     kind: & $($mutability)? TerminatorKind<'tcx>,
                                      location: Location) {
                 self.super_terminator_kind(block, kind, location);
             }
 
             fn visit_assert_message(&mut self,
-                                    msg: & $($mutability)* AssertMessage<'tcx>,
+                                    msg: & $($mutability)? AssertMessage<'tcx>,
                                     location: Location) {
                 self.super_assert_message(msg, location);
             }
 
             fn visit_rvalue(&mut self,
-                            rvalue: & $($mutability)* Rvalue<'tcx>,
+                            rvalue: & $($mutability)? Rvalue<'tcx>,
                             location: Location) {
                 self.super_rvalue(rvalue, location);
             }
 
             fn visit_operand(&mut self,
-                             operand: & $($mutability)* Operand<'tcx>,
+                             operand: & $($mutability)? Operand<'tcx>,
                              location: Location) {
                 self.super_operand(operand, location);
             }
 
             fn visit_ascribe_user_ty(&mut self,
-                                     place: & $($mutability)* Place<'tcx>,
-                                     variance: & $($mutability)* ty::Variance,
-                                     user_ty: & $($mutability)* UserTypeProjection<'tcx>,
+                                     place: & $($mutability)? Place<'tcx>,
+                                     variance: & $($mutability)? ty::Variance,
+                                     user_ty: & $($mutability)? UserTypeProjection<'tcx>,
                                      location: Location) {
                 self.super_ascribe_user_ty(place, variance, user_ty, location);
             }
 
             fn visit_retag(&mut self,
-                           kind: & $($mutability)* RetagKind,
-                           place: & $($mutability)* Place<'tcx>,
+                           kind: & $($mutability)? RetagKind,
+                           place: & $($mutability)? Place<'tcx>,
                            location: Location) {
                 self.super_retag(kind, place, location);
             }
 
             fn visit_place(&mut self,
-                            place: & $($mutability)* Place<'tcx>,
+                            place: & $($mutability)? Place<'tcx>,
                             context: PlaceContext<'tcx>,
                             location: Location) {
                 self.super_place(place, context, location);
             }
 
             fn visit_static(&mut self,
-                            static_: & $($mutability)* Static<'tcx>,
+                            static_: & $($mutability)? Static<'tcx>,
                             context: PlaceContext<'tcx>,
                             location: Location) {
                 self.super_static(static_, context, location);
             }
 
             fn visit_projection(&mut self,
-                                place: & $($mutability)* PlaceProjection<'tcx>,
+                                place: & $($mutability)? PlaceProjection<'tcx>,
                                 context: PlaceContext<'tcx>,
                                 location: Location) {
                 self.super_projection(place, context, location);
             }
 
             fn visit_projection_elem(&mut self,
-                                     place: & $($mutability)* PlaceElem<'tcx>,
+                                     place: & $($mutability)? PlaceElem<'tcx>,
                                      location: Location) {
                 self.super_projection_elem(place, location);
             }
@@ -183,36 +183,36 @@
             }
 
             fn visit_constant(&mut self,
-                              constant: & $($mutability)* Constant<'tcx>,
+                              constant: & $($mutability)? Constant<'tcx>,
                               location: Location) {
                 self.super_constant(constant, location);
             }
 
             fn visit_def_id(&mut self,
-                            def_id: & $($mutability)* DefId,
+                            def_id: & $($mutability)? DefId,
                             _: Location) {
                 self.super_def_id(def_id);
             }
 
             fn visit_span(&mut self,
-                          span: & $($mutability)* Span) {
+                          span: & $($mutability)? Span) {
                 self.super_span(span);
             }
 
             fn visit_source_info(&mut self,
-                                 source_info: & $($mutability)* SourceInfo) {
+                                 source_info: & $($mutability)? SourceInfo) {
                 self.super_source_info(source_info);
             }
 
             fn visit_ty(&mut self,
-                        ty: & $($mutability)* Ty<'tcx>,
+                        ty: & $($mutability)? Ty<'tcx>,
                         _: TyContext) {
                 self.super_ty(ty);
             }
 
             fn visit_user_type_projection(
                 &mut self,
-                ty: & $($mutability)* UserTypeProjection<'tcx>,
+                ty: & $($mutability)? UserTypeProjection<'tcx>,
             ) {
                 self.super_user_type_projection(ty);
             }
@@ -220,55 +220,55 @@
             fn visit_user_type_annotation(
                 &mut self,
                 index: UserTypeAnnotationIndex,
-                ty: & $($mutability)* CanonicalUserTypeAnnotation<'tcx>,
+                ty: & $($mutability)? CanonicalUserTypeAnnotation<'tcx>,
             ) {
                 self.super_user_type_annotation(index, ty);
             }
 
             fn visit_region(&mut self,
-                            region: & $($mutability)* ty::Region<'tcx>,
+                            region: & $($mutability)? ty::Region<'tcx>,
                             _: Location) {
                 self.super_region(region);
             }
 
             fn visit_const(&mut self,
-                           constant: & $($mutability)* &'tcx ty::LazyConst<'tcx>,
+                           constant: & $($mutability)? &'tcx ty::LazyConst<'tcx>,
                            _: Location) {
                 self.super_const(constant);
             }
 
             fn visit_substs(&mut self,
-                            substs: & $($mutability)* &'tcx Substs<'tcx>,
+                            substs: & $($mutability)? &'tcx Substs<'tcx>,
                             _: Location) {
                 self.super_substs(substs);
             }
 
             fn visit_closure_substs(&mut self,
-                                    substs: & $($mutability)* ClosureSubsts<'tcx>,
+                                    substs: & $($mutability)? ClosureSubsts<'tcx>,
                                     _: Location) {
                 self.super_closure_substs(substs);
             }
 
             fn visit_generator_substs(&mut self,
-                                      substs: & $($mutability)* GeneratorSubsts<'tcx>,
+                                      substs: & $($mutability)? GeneratorSubsts<'tcx>,
                                     _: Location) {
                 self.super_generator_substs(substs);
             }
 
             fn visit_local_decl(&mut self,
                                 local: Local,
-                                local_decl: & $($mutability)* LocalDecl<'tcx>) {
+                                local_decl: & $($mutability)? LocalDecl<'tcx>) {
                 self.super_local_decl(local, local_decl);
             }
 
             fn visit_local(&mut self,
-                            _local: & $($mutability)* Local,
+                            _local: & $($mutability)? Local,
                             _context: PlaceContext<'tcx>,
                             _location: Location) {
             }
 
             fn visit_source_scope(&mut self,
-                                      scope: & $($mutability)* SourceScope) {
+                                      scope: & $($mutability)? SourceScope) {
                 self.super_source_scope(scope);
             }
 
@@ -276,8 +276,8 @@
             // not meant to be overridden.
 
             fn super_mir(&mut self,
-                         mir: & $($mutability)* Mir<'tcx>) {
-                if let Some(yield_ty) = &$($mutability)* mir.yield_ty {
+                         mir: & $($mutability)? Mir<'tcx>) {
+                if let Some(yield_ty) = &$($mutability)? mir.yield_ty {
                     self.visit_ty(yield_ty, TyContext::YieldTy(SourceInfo {
                         span: mir.span,
                         scope: OUTERMOST_SOURCE_SCOPE,
@@ -291,21 +291,21 @@
                     (mut) => (mir.basic_blocks_mut().iter_enumerated_mut());
                     () => (mir.basic_blocks().iter_enumerated());
                 };
-                for (bb, data) in basic_blocks!($($mutability)*) {
+                for (bb, data) in basic_blocks!($($mutability)?) {
                     self.visit_basic_block_data(bb, data);
                 }
 
-                for scope in &$($mutability)* mir.source_scopes {
+                for scope in &$($mutability)? mir.source_scopes {
                     self.visit_source_scope_data(scope);
                 }
 
-                self.visit_ty(&$($mutability)* mir.return_ty(), TyContext::ReturnTy(SourceInfo {
+                self.visit_ty(&$($mutability)? mir.return_ty(), TyContext::ReturnTy(SourceInfo {
                     span: mir.span,
                     scope: OUTERMOST_SOURCE_SCOPE,
                 }));
 
                 for local in mir.local_decls.indices() {
-                    self.visit_local_decl(local, & $($mutability)* mir.local_decls[local]);
+                    self.visit_local_decl(local, & $($mutability)? mir.local_decls[local]);
                 }
 
                 macro_rules! type_annotations {
@@ -313,23 +313,23 @@
                     () => (mir.user_type_annotations.iter_enumerated());
                 };
 
-                for (index, annotation) in type_annotations!($($mutability)*) {
+                for (index, annotation) in type_annotations!($($mutability)?) {
                     self.visit_user_type_annotation(
                         index, annotation
                     );
                 }
 
-                self.visit_span(&$($mutability)* mir.span);
+                self.visit_span(&$($mutability)? mir.span);
             }
 
             fn super_basic_block_data(&mut self,
                                       block: BasicBlock,
-                                      data: & $($mutability)* BasicBlockData<'tcx>) {
+                                      data: & $($mutability)? BasicBlockData<'tcx>) {
                 let BasicBlockData {
-                    ref $($mutability)* statements,
-                    ref $($mutability)* terminator,
+                    statements,
+                    terminator,
                     is_cleanup: _
-                } = *data;
+                } = data;
 
                 let mut index = 0;
                 for statement in statements {
@@ -338,92 +338,83 @@
                     index += 1;
                 }
 
-                if let Some(ref $($mutability)* terminator) = *terminator {
+                if let Some(terminator) = terminator {
                     let location = Location { block: block, statement_index: index };
                     self.visit_terminator(block, terminator, location);
                 }
             }
 
-            fn super_source_scope_data(&mut self,
-                                           scope_data: & $($mutability)* SourceScopeData) {
+            fn super_source_scope_data(&mut self, scope_data: & $($mutability)? SourceScopeData) {
                 let SourceScopeData {
-                    ref $($mutability)* span,
-                    ref $($mutability)* parent_scope,
-                } = *scope_data;
+                    span,
+                    parent_scope,
+                } = scope_data;
 
                 self.visit_span(span);
-                if let Some(ref $($mutability)* parent_scope) = *parent_scope {
+                if let Some(parent_scope) = parent_scope {
                     self.visit_source_scope(parent_scope);
                 }
             }
 
             fn super_statement(&mut self,
                                block: BasicBlock,
-                               statement: & $($mutability)* Statement<'tcx>,
+                               statement: & $($mutability)? Statement<'tcx>,
                                location: Location) {
                 let Statement {
-                    ref $($mutability)* source_info,
-                    ref $($mutability)* kind,
-                } = *statement;
+                    source_info,
+                    kind,
+                } = statement;
 
                 self.visit_source_info(source_info);
-                match *kind {
-                    StatementKind::Assign(ref $($mutability)* place,
-                                          ref $($mutability)* rvalue) => {
+                match kind {
+                    StatementKind::Assign(place, rvalue) => {
                         self.visit_assign(block, place, rvalue, location);
                     }
-                    StatementKind::FakeRead(_, ref $($mutability)* place) => {
+                    StatementKind::FakeRead(_, place) => {
                         self.visit_place(
                             place,
                             PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::Inspect),
                             location
                         );
                     }
-                    StatementKind::SetDiscriminant{ ref $($mutability)* place, .. } => {
+                    StatementKind::SetDiscriminant { place, .. } => {
                         self.visit_place(
                             place,
                             PlaceContext::MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::Store),
                             location
                         );
                     }
-                    StatementKind::StorageLive(ref $($mutability)* local) => {
+                    StatementKind::StorageLive(local) => {
                         self.visit_local(
                             local,
                             PlaceContext::NonUse(NonUseContext::StorageLive),
                             location
                         );
                     }
-                    StatementKind::StorageDead(ref $($mutability)* local) => {
+                    StatementKind::StorageDead(local) => {
                         self.visit_local(
                             local,
                             PlaceContext::NonUse(NonUseContext::StorageDead),
                             location
                         );
                     }
-                    StatementKind::InlineAsm { ref $($mutability)* outputs,
-                                               ref $($mutability)* inputs,
-                                               asm: _ } => {
-                        for output in & $($mutability)* outputs[..] {
+                    StatementKind::InlineAsm { outputs, inputs, asm: _ } => {
+                        for output in & $($mutability)? outputs[..] {
                             self.visit_place(
                                 output,
                                 PlaceContext::MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::AsmOutput),
                                 location
                             );
                         }
-                        for (span, input) in & $($mutability)* inputs[..] {
+                        for (span, input) in & $($mutability)? inputs[..] {
                             self.visit_span(span);
                             self.visit_operand(input, location);
                         }
                     }
-                    StatementKind::Retag ( ref $($mutability)* kind,
-                                           ref $($mutability)* place ) => {
+                    StatementKind::Retag(kind, place) => {
                         self.visit_retag(kind, place, location);
                     }
-                    StatementKind::AscribeUserType(
-                        ref $($mutability)* place,
-                        ref $($mutability)* variance,
-                        ref $($mutability)* user_ty,
-                    ) => {
+                    StatementKind::AscribeUserType(place, variance, user_ty) => {
                         self.visit_ascribe_user_ty(place, variance, user_ty, location);
                     }
                     StatementKind::Nop => {}
@@ -432,8 +423,8 @@
 
             fn super_assign(&mut self,
                             _block: BasicBlock,
-                            place: &$($mutability)* Place<'tcx>,
-                            rvalue: &$($mutability)* Rvalue<'tcx>,
+                            place: &$($mutability)? Place<'tcx>,
+                            rvalue: &$($mutability)? Rvalue<'tcx>,
                             location: Location) {
                 self.visit_place(
                     place,
@@ -445,12 +436,9 @@
 
             fn super_terminator(&mut self,
                                 block: BasicBlock,
-                                terminator: &$($mutability)* Terminator<'tcx>,
+                                terminator: &$($mutability)? Terminator<'tcx>,
                                 location: Location) {
-                let Terminator {
-                    ref $($mutability)* source_info,
-                    ref $($mutability)* kind,
-                } = *terminator;
+                let Terminator { source_info, kind } = terminator;
 
                 self.visit_source_info(source_info);
                 self.visit_terminator_kind(block, kind, location);
@@ -458,21 +446,23 @@
 
             fn super_terminator_kind(&mut self,
                                      block: BasicBlock,
-                                     kind: & $($mutability)* TerminatorKind<'tcx>,
+                                     kind: & $($mutability)? TerminatorKind<'tcx>,
                                      source_location: Location) {
-                match *kind {
+                match kind {
                     TerminatorKind::Goto { target } => {
-                        self.visit_branch(block, target);
+                        self.visit_branch(block, *target);
                     }
 
-                    TerminatorKind::SwitchInt { ref $($mutability)* discr,
-                                                ref $($mutability)* switch_ty,
-                                                values: _,
-                                                ref targets } => {
+                    TerminatorKind::SwitchInt {
+                        discr,
+                        switch_ty,
+                        values: _,
+                        targets
+                    } => {
                         self.visit_operand(discr, source_location);
                         self.visit_ty(switch_ty, TyContext::Location(source_location));
-                        for &target in targets {
-                            self.visit_branch(block, target);
+                        for target in targets {
+                            self.visit_branch(block, *target);
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -483,113 +473,120 @@
                     TerminatorKind::Unreachable => {
                     }
 
-                    TerminatorKind::Drop { ref $($mutability)* location,
-                                           target,
-                                           unwind } => {
+                    TerminatorKind::Drop {
+                        location,
+                        target,
+                        unwind,
+                    } => {
                         self.visit_place(
                             location,
                             PlaceContext::MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::Drop),
                             source_location
                         );
-                        self.visit_branch(block, target);
+                        self.visit_branch(block, *target);
                         unwind.map(|t| self.visit_branch(block, t));
                     }
 
-                    TerminatorKind::DropAndReplace { ref $($mutability)* location,
-                                                     ref $($mutability)* value,
-                                                     target,
-                                                     unwind } => {
+                    TerminatorKind::DropAndReplace {
+                        location,
+                        value,
+                        target,
+                        unwind,
+                    } => {
                         self.visit_place(
                             location,
                             PlaceContext::MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::Drop),
                             source_location
                         );
                         self.visit_operand(value, source_location);
-                        self.visit_branch(block, target);
+                        self.visit_branch(block, *target);
                         unwind.map(|t| self.visit_branch(block, t));
                     }
 
-                    TerminatorKind::Call { ref $($mutability)* func,
-                                           ref $($mutability)* args,
-                                           ref $($mutability)* destination,
-                                           cleanup,
-                                           from_hir_call: _, } => {
+                    TerminatorKind::Call {
+                        func,
+                        args,
+                        destination,
+                        cleanup,
+                        from_hir_call: _,
+                    } => {
                         self.visit_operand(func, source_location);
                         for arg in args {
                             self.visit_operand(arg, source_location);
                         }
-                        if let Some((ref $($mutability)* destination, target)) = *destination {
+                        if let Some((destination, target)) = destination {
                             self.visit_place(
                                 destination,
                                 PlaceContext::MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::Call),
                                 source_location
                             );
-                            self.visit_branch(block, target);
+                            self.visit_branch(block, *target);
                         }
                         cleanup.map(|t| self.visit_branch(block, t));
                     }
 
-                    TerminatorKind::Assert { ref $($mutability)* cond,
-                                             expected: _,
-                                             ref $($mutability)* msg,
-                                             target,
-                                             cleanup } => {
+                    TerminatorKind::Assert {
+                        cond,
+                        expected: _,
+                        msg,
+                        target,
+                        cleanup,
+                    } => {
                         self.visit_operand(cond, source_location);
                         self.visit_assert_message(msg, source_location);
-                        self.visit_branch(block, target);
+                        self.visit_branch(block, *target);
                         cleanup.map(|t| self.visit_branch(block, t));
                     }
 
-                    TerminatorKind::Yield { ref $($mutability)* value,
-                                              resume,
-                                              drop } => {
+                    TerminatorKind::Yield {
+                        value,
+                        resume,
+                        drop,
+                    } => {
                         self.visit_operand(value, source_location);
-                        self.visit_branch(block, resume);
+                        self.visit_branch(block, *resume);
                         drop.map(|t| self.visit_branch(block, t));
                     }
 
-                    TerminatorKind::FalseEdges { real_target, ref imaginary_targets} => {
-                        self.visit_branch(block, real_target);
+                    TerminatorKind::FalseEdges { real_target, imaginary_targets } => {
+                        self.visit_branch(block, *real_target);
                         for target in imaginary_targets {
                             self.visit_branch(block, *target);
                         }
                     }
 
                     TerminatorKind::FalseUnwind { real_target, unwind } => {
-                        self.visit_branch(block, real_target);
+                        self.visit_branch(block, *real_target);
                         if let Some(unwind) = unwind {
-                            self.visit_branch(block, unwind);
+                            self.visit_branch(block, *unwind);
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
 
             fn super_assert_message(&mut self,
-                                    msg: & $($mutability)* AssertMessage<'tcx>,
+                                    msg: & $($mutability)? AssertMessage<'tcx>,
                                     location: Location) {
                 use crate::mir::interpret::EvalErrorKind::*;
-                if let BoundsCheck {
-                        ref $($mutability)* len,
-                        ref $($mutability)* index
-                    } = *msg {
+                if let BoundsCheck { len, index } = msg {
                     self.visit_operand(len, location);
                     self.visit_operand(index, location);
                 }
             }
 
             fn super_rvalue(&mut self,
-                            rvalue: & $($mutability)* Rvalue<'tcx>,
+                            rvalue: & $($mutability)? Rvalue<'tcx>,
                             location: Location) {
-                match *rvalue {
-                    Rvalue::Use(ref $($mutability)* operand) => {
+                match rvalue {
+                    Rvalue::Use(operand) => {
                         self.visit_operand(operand, location);
                     }
 
-                    Rvalue::Repeat(ref $($mutability)* value, _) => {
+                    Rvalue::Repeat(value, _) => {
                         self.visit_operand(value, location);
                     }
 
-                    Rvalue::Ref(ref $($mutability)* r, bk, ref $($mutability)* path) => {
+                    Rvalue::Ref(r, bk, path) => {
                         self.visit_region(r, location);
                         let ctx = match bk {
                             BorrowKind::Shared => PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(
@@ -607,7 +604,7 @@
                         self.visit_place(path, ctx, location);
                     }
 
-                    Rvalue::Len(ref $($mutability)* path) => {
+                    Rvalue::Len(path) => {
                         self.visit_place(
                             path,
                             PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::Inspect),
@@ -615,28 +612,22 @@
                         );
                     }
 
-                    Rvalue::Cast(_cast_kind,
-                                 ref $($mutability)* operand,
-                                 ref $($mutability)* ty) => {
+                    Rvalue::Cast(_cast_kind, operand, ty) => {
                         self.visit_operand(operand, location);
                         self.visit_ty(ty, TyContext::Location(location));
                     }
 
-                    Rvalue::BinaryOp(_bin_op,
-                                     ref $($mutability)* lhs,
-                                     ref $($mutability)* rhs) |
-                    Rvalue::CheckedBinaryOp(_bin_op,
-                                     ref $($mutability)* lhs,
-                                     ref $($mutability)* rhs) => {
+                    Rvalue::BinaryOp(_bin_op, lhs, rhs)
+                    | Rvalue::CheckedBinaryOp(_bin_op, lhs, rhs) => {
                         self.visit_operand(lhs, location);
                         self.visit_operand(rhs, location);
                     }
 
-                    Rvalue::UnaryOp(_un_op, ref $($mutability)* op) => {
+                    Rvalue::UnaryOp(_un_op, op) => {
                         self.visit_operand(op, location);
                     }
 
-                    Rvalue::Discriminant(ref $($mutability)* place) => {
+                    Rvalue::Discriminant(place) => {
                         self.visit_place(
                             place,
                             PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::Inspect),
@@ -644,34 +635,39 @@
                         );
                     }
 
-                    Rvalue::NullaryOp(_op, ref $($mutability)* ty) => {
+                    Rvalue::NullaryOp(_op, ty) => {
                         self.visit_ty(ty, TyContext::Location(location));
                     }
 
-                    Rvalue::Aggregate(ref $($mutability)* kind,
-                                      ref $($mutability)* operands) => {
-                        let kind = &$($mutability)* **kind;
-                        match *kind {
-                            AggregateKind::Array(ref $($mutability)* ty) => {
+                    Rvalue::Aggregate(kind, operands) => {
+                        let kind = &$($mutability)? **kind;
+                        match kind {
+                            AggregateKind::Array(ty) => {
                                 self.visit_ty(ty, TyContext::Location(location));
                             }
                             AggregateKind::Tuple => {
                             }
-                            AggregateKind::Adt(_adt_def,
-                                               _variant_index,
-                                               ref $($mutability)* substs,
-                                               _user_substs,
-                                               _active_field_index) => {
+                            AggregateKind::Adt(
+                                _adt_def,
+                                _variant_index,
+                                substs,
+                                _user_substs,
+                                _active_field_index
+                            ) => {
                                 self.visit_substs(substs, location);
                             }
-                            AggregateKind::Closure(ref $($mutability)* def_id,
-                                                   ref $($mutability)* closure_substs) => {
+                            AggregateKind::Closure(
+                                def_id,
+                                closure_substs
+                            ) => {
                                 self.visit_def_id(def_id, location);
                                 self.visit_closure_substs(closure_substs, location);
                             }
-                            AggregateKind::Generator(ref $($mutability)* def_id,
-                                                     ref $($mutability)* generator_substs,
-                                                     _movability) => {
+                            AggregateKind::Generator(
+                                def_id,
+                                generator_substs,
+                                _movability,
+                            ) => {
                                 self.visit_def_id(def_id, location);
                                 self.visit_generator_substs(generator_substs, location);
                             }
@@ -685,33 +681,33 @@
             }
 
             fn super_operand(&mut self,
-                             operand: & $($mutability)* Operand<'tcx>,
+                             operand: & $($mutability)? Operand<'tcx>,
                              location: Location) {
-                match *operand {
-                    Operand::Copy(ref $($mutability)* place) => {
+                match operand {
+                    Operand::Copy(place) => {
                         self.visit_place(
                             place,
                             PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::Copy),
                             location
                         );
                     }
-                    Operand::Move(ref $($mutability)* place) => {
+                    Operand::Move(place) => {
                         self.visit_place(
                             place,
                             PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::Move),
                             location
                         );
                     }
-                    Operand::Constant(ref $($mutability)* constant) => {
+                    Operand::Constant(constant) => {
                         self.visit_constant(constant, location);
                     }
                 }
             }
 
             fn super_ascribe_user_ty(&mut self,
-                                     place: & $($mutability)* Place<'tcx>,
-                                     _variance: & $($mutability)* ty::Variance,
-                                     user_ty: & $($mutability)* UserTypeProjection<'tcx>,
+                                     place: & $($mutability)? Place<'tcx>,
+                                     _variance: & $($mutability)? ty::Variance,
+                                     user_ty: & $($mutability)? UserTypeProjection<'tcx>,
                                      location: Location) {
                 self.visit_place(
                     place,
@@ -722,8 +718,8 @@
             }
 
             fn super_retag(&mut self,
-                           _kind: & $($mutability)* RetagKind,
-                           place: & $($mutability)* Place<'tcx>,
+                           _kind: & $($mutability)? RetagKind,
+                           place: & $($mutability)? Place<'tcx>,
                            location: Location) {
                 self.visit_place(
                     place,
@@ -733,45 +729,39 @@
             }
 
             fn super_place(&mut self,
-                            place: & $($mutability)* Place<'tcx>,
+                            place: & $($mutability)? Place<'tcx>,
                             context: PlaceContext<'tcx>,
                             location: Location) {
-                match *place {
-                    Place::Local(ref $($mutability)* local) => {
+                match place {
+                    Place::Local(local) => {
                         self.visit_local(local, context, location);
                     }
-                    Place::Static(ref $($mutability)* static_) => {
+                    Place::Static(static_) => {
                         self.visit_static(static_, context, location);
                     }
-                    Place::Promoted(ref $($mutability)* promoted) => {
-                        self.visit_ty(& $($mutability)* promoted.1, TyContext::Location(location));
+                    Place::Promoted(promoted) => {
+                        self.visit_ty(& $($mutability)? promoted.1, TyContext::Location(location));
                     },
-                    Place::Projection(ref $($mutability)* proj) => {
+                    Place::Projection(proj) => {
                         self.visit_projection(proj, context, location);
                     }
                 }
             }
 
             fn super_static(&mut self,
-                            static_: & $($mutability)* Static<'tcx>,
+                            static_: & $($mutability)? Static<'tcx>,
                             _context: PlaceContext<'tcx>,
                             location: Location) {
-                let Static {
-                    ref $($mutability)* def_id,
-                    ref $($mutability)* ty,
-                } = *static_;
+                let Static { def_id, ty } = static_;
                 self.visit_def_id(def_id, location);
                 self.visit_ty(ty, TyContext::Location(location));
             }
 
             fn super_projection(&mut self,
-                                proj: & $($mutability)* PlaceProjection<'tcx>,
+                                proj: & $($mutability)? PlaceProjection<'tcx>,
                                 context: PlaceContext<'tcx>,
                                 location: Location) {
-                let Projection {
-                    ref $($mutability)* base,
-                    ref $($mutability)* elem,
-                } = *proj;
+                let Projection { base, elem } = proj;
                 let context = if context.is_mutating_use() {
                     PlaceContext::MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::Projection)
                 } else {
@@ -782,17 +772,17 @@
             }
 
             fn super_projection_elem(&mut self,
-                                     proj: & $($mutability)* PlaceElem<'tcx>,
+                                     proj: & $($mutability)? PlaceElem<'tcx>,
                                      location: Location) {
-                match *proj {
+                match proj {
                     ProjectionElem::Deref => {
                     }
                     ProjectionElem::Subslice { from: _, to: _ } => {
                     }
-                    ProjectionElem::Field(_field, ref $($mutability)* ty) => {
+                    ProjectionElem::Field(_field, ty) => {
                         self.visit_ty(ty, TyContext::Location(location));
                     }
-                    ProjectionElem::Index(ref $($mutability)* local) => {
+                    ProjectionElem::Index(local) => {
                         self.visit_local(
                             local,
                             PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::Copy),
@@ -810,24 +800,24 @@
 
             fn super_local_decl(&mut self,
                                 local: Local,
-                                local_decl: & $($mutability)* LocalDecl<'tcx>) {
+                                local_decl: & $($mutability)? LocalDecl<'tcx>) {
                 let LocalDecl {
                     mutability: _,
-                    ref $($mutability)* ty,
-                    ref $($mutability)* user_ty,
+                    ty,
+                    user_ty,
                     name: _,
-                    ref $($mutability)* source_info,
-                    ref $($mutability)* visibility_scope,
+                    source_info,
+                    visibility_scope,
                     internal: _,
                     is_user_variable: _,
                     is_block_tail: _,
-                } = *local_decl;
+                } = local_decl;
 
                 self.visit_ty(ty, TyContext::LocalDecl {
                     local,
                     source_info: *source_info,
                 });
-                for (user_ty, _) in & $($mutability)* user_ty.contents {
+                for (user_ty, _) in & $($mutability)? user_ty.contents {
                     self.visit_user_type_projection(user_ty);
                 }
                 self.visit_source_info(source_info);
@@ -835,7 +825,7 @@
             }
 
             fn super_source_scope(&mut self,
-                                      _scope: & $($mutability)* SourceScope) {
+                                      _scope: & $($mutability)? SourceScope) {
             }
 
             fn super_branch(&mut self,
@@ -844,14 +834,14 @@
             }
 
             fn super_constant(&mut self,
-                              constant: & $($mutability)* Constant<'tcx>,
+                              constant: & $($mutability)? Constant<'tcx>,
                               location: Location) {
                 let Constant {
-                    ref $($mutability)* span,
-                    ref $($mutability)* ty,
-                    ref $($mutability)* user_ty,
-                    ref $($mutability)* literal,
-                } = *constant;
+                    span,
+                    ty,
+                    user_ty,
+                    literal,
+                } = constant;
 
                 self.visit_span(span);
                 self.visit_ty(ty, TyContext::Location(location));
@@ -859,17 +849,17 @@
                 self.visit_const(literal, location);
             }
 
-            fn super_def_id(&mut self, _def_id: & $($mutability)* DefId) {
+            fn super_def_id(&mut self, _def_id: & $($mutability)? DefId) {
             }
 
-            fn super_span(&mut self, _span: & $($mutability)* Span) {
+            fn super_span(&mut self, _span: & $($mutability)? Span) {
             }
 
-            fn super_source_info(&mut self, source_info: & $($mutability)* SourceInfo) {
+            fn super_source_info(&mut self, source_info: & $($mutability)? SourceInfo) {
                 let SourceInfo {
-                    ref $($mutability)* span,
-                    ref $($mutability)* scope,
-                } = *source_info;
+                    span,
+                    scope,
+                } = source_info;
 
                 self.visit_span(span);
                 self.visit_source_scope(scope);
@@ -877,49 +867,49 @@
 
             fn super_user_type_projection(
                 &mut self,
-                _ty: & $($mutability)* UserTypeProjection<'tcx>,
+                _ty: & $($mutability)? UserTypeProjection<'tcx>,
             ) {
             }
 
             fn super_user_type_annotation(
                 &mut self,
                 _index: UserTypeAnnotationIndex,
-                ty: & $($mutability)* CanonicalUserTypeAnnotation<'tcx>,
+                ty: & $($mutability)? CanonicalUserTypeAnnotation<'tcx>,
             ) {
-                self.visit_span(& $($mutability)* ty.span);
-                self.visit_ty(& $($mutability)* ty.inferred_ty, TyContext::UserTy(ty.span));
+                self.visit_span(& $($mutability)? ty.span);
+                self.visit_ty(& $($mutability)? ty.inferred_ty, TyContext::UserTy(ty.span));
             }
 
-            fn super_ty(&mut self, _ty: & $($mutability)* Ty<'tcx>) {
+            fn super_ty(&mut self, _ty: & $($mutability)? Ty<'tcx>) {
             }
 
-            fn super_region(&mut self, _region: & $($mutability)* ty::Region<'tcx>) {
+            fn super_region(&mut self, _region: & $($mutability)? ty::Region<'tcx>) {
             }
 
-            fn super_const(&mut self, _const: & $($mutability)* &'tcx ty::LazyConst<'tcx>) {
+            fn super_const(&mut self, _const: & $($mutability)? &'tcx ty::LazyConst<'tcx>) {
             }
 
-            fn super_substs(&mut self, _substs: & $($mutability)* &'tcx Substs<'tcx>) {
+            fn super_substs(&mut self, _substs: & $($mutability)? &'tcx Substs<'tcx>) {
             }
 
             fn super_generator_substs(&mut self,
-                                      _substs: & $($mutability)* GeneratorSubsts<'tcx>) {
+                                      _substs: & $($mutability)? GeneratorSubsts<'tcx>) {
             }
 
             fn super_closure_substs(&mut self,
-                                    _substs: & $($mutability)* ClosureSubsts<'tcx>) {
+                                    _substs: & $($mutability)? ClosureSubsts<'tcx>) {
             }
 
             // Convenience methods
 
-            fn visit_location(&mut self, mir: & $($mutability)* Mir<'tcx>, location: Location) {
-                let basic_block = & $($mutability)* mir[location.block];
+            fn visit_location(&mut self, mir: & $($mutability)? Mir<'tcx>, location: Location) {
+                let basic_block = & $($mutability)? mir[location.block];
                 if basic_block.statements.len() == location.statement_index {
-                    if let Some(ref $($mutability)* terminator) = basic_block.terminator {
+                    if let Some(ref $($mutability)? terminator) = basic_block.terminator {
                         self.visit_terminator(location.block, terminator, location)
                     }
                 } else {
-                    let statement = & $($mutability)*
+                    let statement = & $($mutability)?
                         basic_block.statements[location.statement_index];
                     self.visit_statement(location.block, statement, location)
                 }
diff --git a/src/librustc/ty/fold.rs b/src/librustc/ty/fold.rs
index 306c696..551554b 100644
--- a/src/librustc/ty/fold.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/ty/fold.rs
@@ -586,31 +586,6 @@
         }).0
     }
 
-    /// Flattens multiple binding levels into one. So `for<'a> for<'b> Foo`
-    /// becomes `for<'a,'b> Foo`.
-    pub fn flatten_late_bound_regions<T>(self, bound2_value: &Binder<Binder<T>>)
-                                         -> Binder<T>
-        where T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>
-    {
-        let bound0_value = bound2_value.skip_binder().skip_binder();
-        let value = self.fold_regions(bound0_value, &mut false, |region, current_depth| {
-            match *region {
-                ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, br) => {
-                    // We assume no regions bound *outside* of the
-                    // binders in `bound2_value` (nmatsakis added in
-                    // the course of this PR; seems like a reasonable
-                    // sanity check though).
-                    assert!(debruijn == current_depth);
-                    self.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(current_depth, br))
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    region
-                }
-            }
-        });
-        Binder::bind(value)
-    }
-
     /// Returns a set of all late-bound regions that are constrained
     /// by `value`, meaning that if we instantiate those LBR with
     /// variables and equate `value` with something else, those
diff --git a/src/librustc_allocator/lib.rs b/src/librustc_allocator/lib.rs
index 16b9ccf..9d6e728 100644
--- a/src/librustc_allocator/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_allocator/lib.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(rustc_private)]
 
 #![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
diff --git a/src/librustc_apfloat/lib.rs b/src/librustc_apfloat/lib.rs
index f79d448..6653df8 100644
--- a/src/librustc_apfloat/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_apfloat/lib.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]
 #![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
 
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(try_from)]
 // See librustc_cratesio_shim/Cargo.toml for a comment explaining this.
 #[allow(unused_extern_crates)]
diff --git a/src/librustc_asan/lib.rs b/src/librustc_asan/lib.rs
index 568bb54..3bdb86d 100644
--- a/src/librustc_asan/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_asan/lib.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #![sanitizer_runtime]
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(sanitizer_runtime)]
 #![feature(staged_api)]
 #![no_std]
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/Cargo.toml b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/Cargo.toml
index 5099449..0aba435 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 authors = ["The Rust Project Developers"]
 name = "rustc_codegen_ssa"
 version = "0.0.0"
+edition = "2018"
 
 [lib]
 name = "rustc_codegen_ssa"
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/back/link.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/back/link.rs
index 2a5ecf9..7f1aeba 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/back/link.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/back/link.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 use rustc::hir::def_id::CrateNum;
 
 use super::command::Command;
-use CrateInfo;
+use crate::CrateInfo;
 
 use cc::windows_registry;
 use std::fs;
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/back/lto.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/back/lto.rs
index f0fb115..7f0eba7 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/back/lto.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/back/lto.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use super::write::CodegenContext;
-use traits::*;
-use ModuleCodegen;
+use crate::traits::*;
+use crate::ModuleCodegen;
 
 use rustc::util::time_graph::Timeline;
 use rustc_errors::FatalError;
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/back/write.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/back/write.rs
index 67d4d40..eeb191b 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/back/write.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/back/write.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-use {ModuleCodegen, ModuleKind, CachedModuleCodegen, CompiledModule, CrateInfo, CodegenResults,
-    RLIB_BYTECODE_EXTENSION};
+use crate::{ModuleCodegen, ModuleKind, CachedModuleCodegen, CompiledModule, CrateInfo,
+    CodegenResults, RLIB_BYTECODE_EXTENSION};
 use super::linker::LinkerInfo;
 use super::lto::{self, SerializedModule};
 use super::link::{self, remove, get_linker};
 use super::command::Command;
 use super::symbol_export::ExportedSymbols;
 
-use memmap;
+use crate::traits::*;
 use rustc_incremental::{copy_cgu_workproducts_to_incr_comp_cache_dir,
                         in_incr_comp_dir, in_incr_comp_dir_sess};
 use rustc::dep_graph::{WorkProduct, WorkProductId, WorkProductFileKind};
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 use rustc::session::Session;
 use rustc::util::nodemap::FxHashMap;
 use rustc::util::time_graph::{self, TimeGraph, Timeline};
-use traits::*;
 use rustc::hir::def_id::{CrateNum, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc::util::common::{time_depth, set_time_depth, print_time_passes_entry};
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/base.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/base.rs
index 84e55ce..988e3bb 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/base.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/base.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 //!     but one llvm::Type corresponds to many `Ty`s; for instance, tup(int, int,
 //!     int) and rec(x=int, y=int, z=int) will have the same llvm::Type.
 
-use {ModuleCodegen, ModuleKind, CachedModuleCodegen};
+use crate::{ModuleCodegen, ModuleKind, CachedModuleCodegen};
 
 use rustc::dep_graph::cgu_reuse_tracker::CguReuse;
 use rustc::hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
@@ -28,26 +28,26 @@
 use rustc::util::profiling::ProfileCategory;
 use rustc::session::config::{self, EntryFnType, Lto};
 use rustc::session::Session;
-use mir::place::PlaceRef;
-use back::write::{OngoingCodegen, start_async_codegen, submit_pre_lto_module_to_llvm,
-    submit_post_lto_module_to_llvm};
-use {MemFlags, CrateInfo};
-use callee;
 use rustc_mir::monomorphize::item::DefPathBasedNames;
-use common::{RealPredicate, TypeKind, IntPredicate};
-use meth;
-use mir;
 use rustc::util::time_graph;
 use rustc_mir::monomorphize::Instance;
 use rustc_mir::monomorphize::partitioning::{CodegenUnit, CodegenUnitExt};
-use mono_item::MonoItem;
 use rustc::util::nodemap::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_data_structures::indexed_vec::Idx;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
 use rustc_codegen_utils::{symbol_names_test, check_for_rustc_errors_attr};
 use rustc::ty::layout::{FAT_PTR_ADDR, FAT_PTR_EXTRA};
+use crate::mir::place::PlaceRef;
+use crate::back::write::{OngoingCodegen, start_async_codegen, submit_pre_lto_module_to_llvm,
+    submit_post_lto_module_to_llvm};
+use crate::{MemFlags, CrateInfo};
+use crate::callee;
+use crate::common::{RealPredicate, TypeKind, IntPredicate};
+use crate::meth;
+use crate::mir;
+use crate::mono_item::MonoItem;
 
-use traits::*;
+use crate::traits::*;
 
 use std::any::Any;
 use std::cmp;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 use syntax::attr;
 use rustc::hir;
 
-use mir::operand::OperandValue;
+use crate::mir::operand::OperandValue;
 
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/callee.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/callee.rs
index aa13e52..3665d45 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/callee.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/callee.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use traits::*;
+use crate::traits::*;
 use rustc::ty;
 use rustc::ty::subst::Substs;
 use rustc::hir::def_id::DefId;
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/common.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/common.rs
index cfb5d24..1b87f16 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/common.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/common.rs
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 
 use rustc::hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc::middle::lang_items::LangItem;
-use base;
-use traits::*;
+use crate::base;
+use crate::traits::*;
 
 use rustc::hir;
-use traits::BuilderMethods;
+use crate::traits::BuilderMethods;
 
 pub fn type_needs_drop<'a, 'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'a, 'tcx, 'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
     ty.needs_drop(tcx, ty::ParamEnv::reveal_all())
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
 mod temp_stable_hash_impls {
     use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{StableHasherResult, StableHasher,
                                                HashStable};
-    use ModuleCodegen;
+    use crate::ModuleCodegen;
 
     impl<HCX, M> HashStable<HCX> for ModuleCodegen<M> {
         fn hash_stable<W: StableHasherResult>(&self,
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/glue.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/glue.rs
index ed63e1e..e2b49de 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/glue.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/glue.rs
@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@
 //
 // Code relating to drop glue.
 
-use std;
-
-use common::IntPredicate;
-use meth;
 use rustc::ty::{self, Ty};
-use traits::*;
+use crate::common::IntPredicate;
+use crate::meth;
+use crate::traits::*;
 
 pub fn size_and_align_of_dst<'a, 'tcx: 'a, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>>(
     bx: &mut Bx,
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/lib.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/lib.rs
index 58b3f04..ad894bf 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/lib.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@
 #![feature(nll)]
 #![allow(unused_attributes)]
 #![allow(dead_code)]
+#![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
+#![allow(explicit_outlives_requirements)]
+#![allow(elided_lifetimes_in_paths)]
 
 #![recursion_limit="256"]
 
@@ -17,27 +20,9 @@
 //! The backend-agnostic functions of this crate use functions defined in various traits that
 //! have to be implemented by each backends.
 
-#[macro_use] extern crate bitflags;
 #[macro_use] extern crate log;
-extern crate rustc_apfloat;
-#[macro_use]  extern crate rustc;
-extern crate rustc_target;
-extern crate rustc_mir;
+#[macro_use] extern crate rustc;
 #[macro_use] extern crate syntax;
-extern crate syntax_pos;
-extern crate rustc_incremental;
-extern crate rustc_codegen_utils;
-extern crate rustc_data_structures;
-extern crate rustc_allocator;
-extern crate rustc_fs_util;
-extern crate serialize;
-extern crate rustc_errors;
-extern crate rustc_demangle;
-extern crate cc;
-extern crate libc;
-extern crate jobserver;
-extern crate memmap;
-extern crate num_cpus;
 
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use rustc::dep_graph::WorkProduct;
@@ -133,7 +118,7 @@
     Allocator,
 }
 
-bitflags! {
+bitflags::bitflags! {
     pub struct MemFlags: u8 {
         const VOLATILE = 1 << 0;
         const NONTEMPORAL = 1 << 1;
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/meth.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/meth.rs
index 98ad261..49f3c87 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/meth.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/meth.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use rustc_target::abi::call::FnType;
-use callee;
 use rustc_mir::monomorphize;
 
-use traits::*;
+use crate::callee;
+use crate::traits::*;
 
 use rustc::ty::{self, Ty};
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/analyze.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/analyze.rs
index f3475d1..9fe2e58 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/analyze.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/analyze.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 use rustc::ty;
 use rustc::ty::layout::{LayoutOf, HasTyCtxt};
 use super::FunctionCx;
-use traits::*;
+use crate::traits::*;
 
 pub fn non_ssa_locals<'a, 'tcx: 'a, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>>(
     fx: &FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx>
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/block.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/block.rs
index aa82c85..af510d4 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/block.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/block.rs
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@
 use rustc::mir::interpret::EvalErrorKind;
 use rustc_target::abi::call::{ArgType, FnType, PassMode};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi;
-use base;
-use MemFlags;
-use common::{self, IntPredicate};
-use meth;
 use rustc_mir::monomorphize;
+use crate::base;
+use crate::MemFlags;
+use crate::common::{self, IntPredicate};
+use crate::meth;
 
-use traits::*;
+use crate::traits::*;
 
 use syntax::symbol::Symbol;
 use syntax_pos::Pos;
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/constant.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/constant.rs
index 56d4342..6bc69ef 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/constant.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/constant.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 use rustc::ty::{self, Ty};
 use rustc::ty::layout;
 use syntax::source_map::Span;
-use traits::*;
+use crate::traits::*;
 
 use super::FunctionCx;
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/mod.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/mod.rs
index c7e2131..2e2cb3d 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/mod.rs
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 use rustc::mir::{self, Mir};
 use rustc::ty::subst::Substs;
 use rustc::session::config::DebugInfo;
-use base;
-use debuginfo::{self, VariableAccess, VariableKind, FunctionDebugContext};
 use rustc_mir::monomorphize::Instance;
 use rustc_target::abi::call::{FnType, PassMode};
-use traits::*;
+use crate::base;
+use crate::debuginfo::{self, VariableAccess, VariableKind, FunctionDebugContext};
+use crate::traits::*;
 
 use syntax_pos::{DUMMY_SP, NO_EXPANSION, BytePos, Span};
 use syntax::symbol::keywords;
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/operand.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/operand.rs
index 8aad4c1..2c6d968 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/operand.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/operand.rs
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 use rustc::ty;
 use rustc::ty::layout::{self, Align, LayoutOf, TyLayout};
 
-use base;
-use MemFlags;
-use glue;
+use crate::base;
+use crate::MemFlags;
+use crate::glue;
 
-use traits::*;
+use crate::traits::*;
 
 use std::fmt;
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/place.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/place.rs
index 596f97a..ffc774c 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/place.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/place.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 use rustc::ty::layout::{self, Align, TyLayout, LayoutOf, VariantIdx, HasTyCtxt};
 use rustc::mir;
 use rustc::mir::tcx::PlaceTy;
-use MemFlags;
-use common::IntPredicate;
-use glue;
+use crate::MemFlags;
+use crate::common::IntPredicate;
+use crate::glue;
 
-use traits::*;
+use crate::traits::*;
 
 use super::{FunctionCx, LocalRef};
 use super::operand::OperandValue;
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/rvalue.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/rvalue.rs
index 9ca5414..25a7754 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/rvalue.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/rvalue.rs
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
 use rustc_apfloat::{ieee, Float, Status, Round};
 use std::{u128, i128};
 
-use base;
-use MemFlags;
-use callee;
-use common::{self, RealPredicate, IntPredicate};
+use crate::base;
+use crate::MemFlags;
+use crate::callee;
+use crate::common::{self, RealPredicate, IntPredicate};
 use rustc_mir::monomorphize;
 
-use traits::*;
+use crate::traits::*;
 
 use super::{FunctionCx, LocalRef};
 use super::operand::{OperandRef, OperandValue};
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/statement.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/statement.rs
index 9561a57..a1bd919 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/statement.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/statement.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use rustc::mir;
 
-use traits::BuilderMethods;
+use crate::traits::BuilderMethods;
 use super::FunctionCx;
 use super::LocalRef;
 use super::OperandValue;
-use traits::*;
+use crate::traits::*;
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx: 'a, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
     pub fn codegen_statement(
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mono_item.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mono_item.rs
index 8488ab2..bfb6a91 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mono_item.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mono_item.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-use base;
 use rustc::hir;
 use rustc::hir::def::Def;
 use rustc::mir::mono::{Linkage, Visibility};
 use rustc::ty::layout::HasTyCtxt;
 use std::fmt;
-use traits::*;
+use crate::base;
+use crate::traits::*;
 
 pub use rustc::mir::mono::MonoItem;
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/asm.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/asm.rs
index 7fe1692..a95bf3a 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/asm.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/asm.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use super::BackendTypes;
-use mir::place::PlaceRef;
+use crate::mir::place::PlaceRef;
 use rustc::hir::{GlobalAsm, InlineAsm};
 
 pub trait AsmBuilderMethods<'tcx>: BackendTypes {
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/builder.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/builder.rs
index bc66087..bda0f3d 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/builder.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/builder.rs
@@ -4,13 +4,14 @@
 use super::intrinsic::IntrinsicCallMethods;
 use super::type_::ArgTypeMethods;
 use super::{HasCodegen, StaticBuilderMethods};
-use common::{AtomicOrdering, AtomicRmwBinOp, IntPredicate, RealPredicate, SynchronizationScope};
-use mir::operand::OperandRef;
-use mir::place::PlaceRef;
+use crate::common::{AtomicOrdering, AtomicRmwBinOp, IntPredicate, RealPredicate,
+    SynchronizationScope};
+use crate::mir::operand::OperandRef;
+use crate::mir::place::PlaceRef;
+use crate::MemFlags;
 use rustc::ty::Ty;
 use rustc::ty::layout::{Align, Size};
 use std::ffi::CStr;
-use MemFlags;
 
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::ops::Range;
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/consts.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/consts.rs
index 482fb67..319f4b4 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/consts.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/consts.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use super::BackendTypes;
-use mir::place::PlaceRef;
+use crate::mir::place::PlaceRef;
 use rustc::mir::interpret::Allocation;
 use rustc::mir::interpret::Scalar;
 use rustc::ty::layout;
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/debuginfo.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/debuginfo.rs
index 4163faa..0e606e7 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/debuginfo.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/debuginfo.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use super::BackendTypes;
-use debuginfo::{FunctionDebugContext, MirDebugScope, VariableAccess, VariableKind};
+use crate::debuginfo::{FunctionDebugContext, MirDebugScope, VariableAccess, VariableKind};
 use rustc::hir::def_id::CrateNum;
 use rustc::mir;
 use rustc::ty::{self, Ty};
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/intrinsic.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/intrinsic.rs
index a2d6b05..3cd0c39 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/intrinsic.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/intrinsic.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use super::BackendTypes;
-use mir::operand::OperandRef;
+use crate::mir::operand::OperandRef;
 use rustc::ty::Ty;
 use rustc_target::abi::call::FnType;
 use syntax_pos::Span;
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/type_.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/type_.rs
index 2ec0c8e..122aea0 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/type_.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/type_.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use super::misc::MiscMethods;
 use super::Backend;
 use super::HasCodegen;
-use common::{self, TypeKind};
-use mir::place::PlaceRef;
+use crate::common::{self, TypeKind};
+use crate::mir::place::PlaceRef;
 use rustc::ty::layout::{self, Align, Size, TyLayout};
 use rustc::ty::{self, Ty};
 use rustc::util::nodemap::FxHashMap;
diff --git a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/write.rs b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/write.rs
index cea89a7..e8ef815 100644
--- a/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/write.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/write.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use back::lto::{LtoModuleCodegen, SerializedModule, ThinModule};
-use back::write::{CodegenContext, ModuleConfig};
-use {CompiledModule, ModuleCodegen};
+use crate::back::lto::{LtoModuleCodegen, SerializedModule, ThinModule};
+use crate::back::write::{CodegenContext, ModuleConfig};
+use crate::{CompiledModule, ModuleCodegen};
 
 use rustc::dep_graph::WorkProduct;
 use rustc::util::time_graph::Timeline;
diff --git a/src/librustc_errors/lib.rs b/src/librustc_errors/lib.rs
index ea530fa..0fc7b59 100644
--- a/src/librustc_errors/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_errors/lib.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #![allow(unused_attributes)]
 #![feature(range_contains)]
 #![cfg_attr(unix, feature(libc))]
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(optin_builtin_traits)]
 #![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_llvm/lib.rs b/src/librustc_llvm/lib.rs
index 3fcb20a..292ce8b 100644
--- a/src/librustc_llvm/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_llvm/lib.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(static_nobundle)]
 
 #![doc(html_root_url = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/")]
diff --git a/src/librustc_lsan/lib.rs b/src/librustc_lsan/lib.rs
index 568bb54..3bdb86d 100644
--- a/src/librustc_lsan/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_lsan/lib.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #![sanitizer_runtime]
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(sanitizer_runtime)]
 #![feature(staged_api)]
 #![no_std]
diff --git a/src/librustc_msan/lib.rs b/src/librustc_msan/lib.rs
index 568bb54..3bdb86d 100644
--- a/src/librustc_msan/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_msan/lib.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #![sanitizer_runtime]
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(sanitizer_runtime)]
 #![feature(staged_api)]
 #![no_std]
diff --git a/src/librustc_plugin/lib.rs b/src/librustc_plugin/lib.rs
index 32e003f..0ea1634 100644
--- a/src/librustc_plugin/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_plugin/lib.rs
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 
 #![doc(html_root_url = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/")]
 
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(rustc_diagnostic_macros)]
 
 #![recursion_limit="256"]
diff --git a/src/librustc_privacy/lib.rs b/src/librustc_privacy/lib.rs
index 14a0922..d31dadd 100644
--- a/src/librustc_privacy/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_privacy/lib.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
 
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(rustc_diagnostic_macros)]
 
 #![recursion_limit="256"]
diff --git a/src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs b/src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs
index ecbfcec..ad73b30 100644
--- a/src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
 #![feature(label_break_value)]
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(rustc_diagnostic_macros)]
 #![feature(slice_sort_by_cached_key)]
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_save_analysis/lib.rs b/src/librustc_save_analysis/lib.rs
index c4a2ebe..1f7b6d7 100644
--- a/src/librustc_save_analysis/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_save_analysis/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #![doc(html_root_url = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/")]
 #![feature(custom_attribute)]
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
 #![allow(unused_attributes)]
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_tsan/lib.rs b/src/librustc_tsan/lib.rs
index 568bb54..3bdb86d 100644
--- a/src/librustc_tsan/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_tsan/lib.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #![sanitizer_runtime]
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(sanitizer_runtime)]
 #![feature(staged_api)]
 #![no_std]
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/Cargo.toml b/src/librustc_typeck/Cargo.toml
index 68b28a6..dcfcd74 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 authors = ["The Rust Project Developers"]
 name = "rustc_typeck"
 version = "0.0.0"
+edition = "2018"
 
 [lib]
 name = "rustc_typeck"
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@
 log = "0.4"
 rustc = { path = "../librustc" }
 rustc_data_structures = { path = "../librustc_data_structures" }
-rustc_errors = { path = "../librustc_errors" }
+errors = { path = "../librustc_errors", package = "rustc_errors" }
 rustc_target = { path = "../librustc_target" }
 smallvec = { version = "0.6.7", features = ["union", "may_dangle"] }
 syntax = { path = "../libsyntax" }
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs
index 733b03d..ee3fd6e 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 //! instance of `AstConv`.
 
 use errors::{Applicability, DiagnosticId};
-use hir::{self, GenericArg, GenericArgs};
-use hir::def::Def;
-use hir::def_id::DefId;
-use hir::HirVec;
-use lint;
-use middle::resolve_lifetime as rl;
-use namespace::Namespace;
+use crate::hir::{self, GenericArg, GenericArgs};
+use crate::hir::def::Def;
+use crate::hir::def_id::DefId;
+use crate::hir::HirVec;
+use crate::lint;
+use crate::middle::resolve_lifetime as rl;
+use crate::namespace::Namespace;
 use rustc::lint::builtin::AMBIGUOUS_ASSOCIATED_ITEMS;
 use rustc::traits;
 use rustc::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt, ToPredicate, TypeFoldable};
@@ -18,15 +18,15 @@
 use rustc::ty::wf::object_region_bounds;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
 use rustc_target::spec::abi;
-use require_c_abi_if_variadic;
+use crate::require_c_abi_if_variadic;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use syntax::ast;
 use syntax::feature_gate::{GateIssue, emit_feature_err};
 use syntax::ptr::P;
 use syntax::util::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use syntax_pos::{DUMMY_SP, Span, MultiSpan};
-use util::common::ErrorReported;
-use util::nodemap::FxHashMap;
+use crate::util::common::ErrorReported;
+use crate::util::nodemap::FxHashMap;
 
 use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use std::iter;
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/_match.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/_match.rs
index a90d83f..3a670c8 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/_match.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/_match.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-use check::{FnCtxt, Expectation, Diverges, Needs};
-use check::coercion::CoerceMany;
+use crate::check::{FnCtxt, Expectation, Diverges, Needs};
+use crate::check::coercion::CoerceMany;
+use crate::util::nodemap::FxHashMap;
 use errors::Applicability;
 use rustc::hir::{self, PatKind};
 use rustc::hir::def::{Def, CtorKind};
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@
 use syntax::ptr::P;
 use syntax::util::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use syntax_pos::Span;
-use util::nodemap::FxHashMap;
 
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry::{Occupied, Vacant};
 use std::cmp;
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/cast.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/cast.rs
index 85cae17..be6d432 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/cast.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/cast.rs
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 use super::FnCtxt;
 
 use errors::{DiagnosticBuilder,Applicability};
-use hir::def_id::DefId;
-use lint;
+use crate::hir::def_id::DefId;
+use crate::lint;
 use rustc::hir;
 use rustc::session::Session;
 use rustc::traits;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 use rustc::middle::lang_items;
 use syntax::ast;
 use syntax_pos::Span;
-use util::common::ErrorReported;
+use crate::util::common::ErrorReported;
 
 /// Reifies a cast check to be checked once we have full type information for
 /// a function context.
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@
                                   .emit();
             }
             CastError::SizedUnsizedCast => {
-                use structured_errors::{SizedUnsizedCastError, StructuredDiagnostic};
+                use crate::structured_errors::{SizedUnsizedCastError, StructuredDiagnostic};
                 SizedUnsizedCastError::new(&fcx.tcx.sess,
                                            self.span,
                                            self.expr_ty,
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/closure.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/closure.rs
index df83c92..24c3009 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/closure.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/closure.rs
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 use super::{check_fn, Expectation, FnCtxt, GeneratorTypes};
 
-use astconv::AstConv;
-use middle::region;
+use crate::astconv::AstConv;
+use crate::middle::region;
 use rustc::hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc::infer::{InferOk, InferResult};
 use rustc::infer::LateBoundRegionConversionTime;
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/coercion.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/coercion.rs
index d1dfe94..8a91e42 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/coercion.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/coercion.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 //! sort of a minor point so I've opted to leave it for later---after all
 //! we may want to adjust precisely when coercions occur.
 
-use check::{FnCtxt, Needs};
+use crate::check::{FnCtxt, Needs};
 use errors::DiagnosticBuilder;
 use rustc::hir;
 use rustc::hir::def_id::DefId;
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/demand.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/demand.rs
index 0d4690c..82f0037 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/demand.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/demand.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use check::FnCtxt;
+use crate::check::FnCtxt;
 use rustc::infer::InferOk;
 use rustc::traits::{ObligationCause, ObligationCauseCode};
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/dropck.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/dropck.rs
index e2109091..0fc8241 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/dropck.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/dropck.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-use check::regionck::RegionCtxt;
+use crate::check::regionck::RegionCtxt;
 
-use hir::def_id::DefId;
+use crate::hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc::infer::outlives::env::OutlivesEnvironment;
 use rustc::infer::{self, InferOk, SuppressRegionErrors};
 use rustc::middle::region;
 use rustc::traits::{ObligationCause, TraitEngine, TraitEngineExt};
 use rustc::ty::subst::{Subst, Substs, UnpackedKind};
 use rustc::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
-use util::common::ErrorReported;
+use crate::util::common::ErrorReported;
 
 use syntax::ast;
 use syntax_pos::Span;
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/generator_interior.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/generator_interior.rs
index 225fa1d..7f4b0a9 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/generator_interior.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/generator_interior.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
 use syntax_pos::Span;
 use super::FnCtxt;
-use util::nodemap::FxHashMap;
+use crate::util::nodemap::FxHashMap;
 
 struct InteriorVisitor<'a, 'gcx: 'a+'tcx, 'tcx: 'a> {
     fcx: &'a FnCtxt<'a, 'gcx, 'tcx>,
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/intrinsic.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/intrinsic.rs
index 82d4300..912ea39 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/intrinsic.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/intrinsic.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 use rustc::traits::{ObligationCause, ObligationCauseCode};
 use rustc::ty::{self, TyCtxt, Ty};
 use rustc::ty::subst::Subst;
-use require_same_types;
+use crate::require_same_types;
 
 use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi;
 use syntax::symbol::Symbol;
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/confirm.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/confirm.rs
index 2cf2974..34b248a 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/confirm.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/confirm.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use super::{probe, MethodCallee};
 
-use astconv::AstConv;
-use check::{FnCtxt, PlaceOp, callee, Needs};
-use hir::GenericArg;
-use hir::def_id::DefId;
+use crate::astconv::AstConv;
+use crate::check::{FnCtxt, PlaceOp, callee, Needs};
+use crate::hir::GenericArg;
+use crate::hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc::ty::subst::Substs;
 use rustc::traits;
 use rustc::ty::{self, Ty, GenericParamDefKind};
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/mod.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/mod.rs
index b7d0157..02cd5b7 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/mod.rs
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 pub use self::CandidateSource::*;
 pub use self::suggest::{SelfSource, TraitInfo};
 
-use check::FnCtxt;
+use crate::check::FnCtxt;
+use crate::namespace::Namespace;
 use errors::{Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder};
-use namespace::Namespace;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
 use rustc::hir;
 use rustc::hir::def::Def;
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 use crate::{check_type_alias_enum_variants_enabled};
 use self::probe::{IsSuggestion, ProbeScope};
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers<'_>) {
     suggest::provide(providers);
     probe::provide(providers);
 }
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/probe.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/probe.rs
index ada4a95..cf31a54 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/probe.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/probe.rs
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 use super::{CandidateSource, ImplSource, TraitSource};
 use super::suggest;
 
-use check::autoderef::{self, Autoderef};
-use check::FnCtxt;
-use hir::def_id::DefId;
-use hir::def::Def;
-use namespace::Namespace;
+use crate::check::autoderef::{self, Autoderef};
+use crate::check::FnCtxt;
+use crate::hir::def_id::DefId;
+use crate::hir::def::Def;
+use crate::namespace::Namespace;
 
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
 use rustc::hir;
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/suggest.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/suggest.rs
index 55b6e8f..8f98b34 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/suggest.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/suggest.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 //! Give useful errors and suggestions to users when an item can't be
 //! found or is otherwise invalid.
 
-use check::FnCtxt;
+use crate::check::FnCtxt;
+use crate::middle::lang_items::FnOnceTraitLangItem;
+use crate::namespace::Namespace;
+use crate::util::nodemap::FxHashSet;
 use errors::{Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder};
-use middle::lang_items::FnOnceTraitLangItem;
-use namespace::Namespace;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
 use rustc::hir::{self, ExprKind, Node, QPath};
 use rustc::hir::def::Def;
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@
 use rustc::traits::Obligation;
 use rustc::ty::{self, Adt, Ty, TyCtxt, ToPolyTraitRef, ToPredicate, TypeFoldable};
 use rustc::ty::item_path::with_crate_prefix;
-use util::nodemap::FxHashSet;
 use syntax_pos::{Span, FileName};
 use syntax::ast;
 use syntax::util::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs
index f82c07e..467032f 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs
@@ -83,15 +83,15 @@
 pub mod intrinsic;
 mod op;
 
-use astconv::{AstConv, PathSeg};
+use crate::astconv::{AstConv, PathSeg};
 use errors::{Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder, DiagnosticId};
 use rustc::hir::{self, ExprKind, GenericArg, ItemKind, Node, PatKind, QPath};
 use rustc::hir::def::{CtorKind, Def};
 use rustc::hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc::hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor, NestedVisitorMap};
 use rustc::hir::itemlikevisit::ItemLikeVisitor;
-use middle::lang_items;
-use namespace::Namespace;
+use crate::middle::lang_items;
+use crate::namespace::Namespace;
 use rustc::infer::{self, InferCtxt, InferOk, InferResult, RegionVariableOrigin};
 use rustc::infer::canonical::{Canonical, OriginalQueryValues, QueryResponse};
 use rustc_data_structures::indexed_vec::Idx;
@@ -130,14 +130,14 @@
 use std::ops::{self, Deref};
 use std::slice;
 
-use require_c_abi_if_variadic;
-use session::{CompileIncomplete, Session};
-use session::config::EntryFnType;
-use TypeAndSubsts;
-use lint;
-use util::captures::Captures;
-use util::common::{ErrorReported, indenter};
-use util::nodemap::{DefIdMap, DefIdSet, FxHashMap, FxHashSet, NodeMap};
+use crate::require_c_abi_if_variadic;
+use crate::session::{CompileIncomplete, Session};
+use crate::session::config::EntryFnType;
+use crate::TypeAndSubsts;
+use crate::lint;
+use crate::util::captures::Captures;
+use crate::util::common::{ErrorReported, indenter};
+use crate::util::nodemap::{DefIdMap, DefIdSet, FxHashMap, FxHashSet, NodeMap};
 
 pub use self::Expectation::*;
 use self::autoderef::Autoderef;
@@ -3044,7 +3044,7 @@
         // arguments which we skipped above.
         if variadic {
             fn variadic_error<'tcx>(s: &Session, span: Span, t: Ty<'tcx>, cast_ty: &str) {
-                use structured_errors::{VariadicError, StructuredDiagnostic};
+                use crate::structured_errors::{VariadicError, StructuredDiagnostic};
                 VariadicError::new(s, span, t, cast_ty).diagnostic().emit();
             }
 
@@ -3685,8 +3685,8 @@
         display
     }
 
-    fn no_such_field_err<T: Display>(&self, span: Span, field: T, expr_t: &ty::TyS)
-        -> DiagnosticBuilder {
+    fn no_such_field_err<T: Display>(&self, span: Span, field: T, expr_t: &ty::TyS<'_>)
+        -> DiagnosticBuilder<'_> {
         type_error_struct!(self.tcx().sess, span, expr_t, E0609,
                            "no field `{}` on type `{}`",
                            field, expr_t)
@@ -5257,7 +5257,7 @@
         &self,
         blk: &'gcx hir::Block,
         expected_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder,
+        err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
     ) {
         if let Some(span_semi) = self.could_remove_semicolon(blk, expected_ty) {
             err.span_suggestion(
@@ -5725,7 +5725,7 @@
     );
     handler.note_without_error(&format!("rustc {} running on {}",
         option_env!("CFG_VERSION").unwrap_or("unknown_version"),
-        ::session::config::host_triple(),
+        crate::session::config::host_triple(),
     ));
 }
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/regionck.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/regionck.rs
index b90c18e..c058977 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/regionck.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/regionck.rs
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@
 //! relation, except that a borrowed pointer never owns its
 //! contents.
 
-use check::dropck;
-use check::FnCtxt;
-use middle::mem_categorization as mc;
-use middle::mem_categorization::Categorization;
-use middle::region;
+use crate::check::dropck;
+use crate::check::FnCtxt;
+use crate::middle::mem_categorization as mc;
+use crate::middle::mem_categorization::Categorization;
+use crate::middle::region;
 use rustc::hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc::infer::outlives::env::OutlivesEnvironment;
 use rustc::infer::{self, RegionObligation, SuppressRegionErrors};
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/upvar.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/upvar.rs
index 15ae016..1816b74 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/upvar.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/upvar.rs
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@
 
 use super::FnCtxt;
 
-use middle::expr_use_visitor as euv;
-use middle::mem_categorization as mc;
-use middle::mem_categorization::Categorization;
+use crate::middle::expr_use_visitor as euv;
+use crate::middle::mem_categorization as mc;
+use crate::middle::mem_categorization::Categorization;
 use rustc::hir;
 use rustc::hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc::hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/wfcheck.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/wfcheck.rs
index 1206c8e..b51fd58 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/wfcheck.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/wfcheck.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use check::{Inherited, FnCtxt};
-use constrained_type_params::{identify_constrained_type_params, Parameter};
+use crate::check::{Inherited, FnCtxt};
+use crate::constrained_type_params::{identify_constrained_type_params, Parameter};
 
-use hir::def_id::DefId;
+use crate::hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc::traits::{self, ObligationCauseCode};
 use rustc::ty::{self, Lift, Ty, TyCtxt, TyKind, GenericParamDefKind, TypeFoldable, ToPredicate};
 use rustc::ty::subst::{Subst, Substs};
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/writeback.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/writeback.rs
index 29f5312..e02e706 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/writeback.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/writeback.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // unresolved type variables and replaces "ty_var" types with their
 // substitutions.
 
-use check::FnCtxt;
+use crate::check::FnCtxt;
 use errors::DiagnosticBuilder;
 use rustc::hir;
 use rustc::hir::def_id::{DefId, DefIndex};
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check_unused.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check_unused.rs
index a7e19fc..18194ee 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check_unused.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check_unused.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use lint;
+use crate::lint;
 use rustc::ty::TyCtxt;
 
 use errors::Applicability;
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/coherence/inherent_impls_overlap.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/coherence/inherent_impls_overlap.rs
index 52dee29..138c598 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/coherence/inherent_impls_overlap.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/coherence/inherent_impls_overlap.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use namespace::Namespace;
+use crate::namespace::Namespace;
 use rustc::hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc::hir;
 use rustc::hir::itemlikevisit::ItemLikeVisitor;
 use rustc::traits::{self, IntercrateMode};
 use rustc::ty::TyCtxt;
 
-use lint;
+use crate::lint;
 
 pub fn crate_inherent_impls_overlap_check<'a, 'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'a, 'tcx, 'tcx>,
                                                     crate_num: CrateNum) {
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/coherence/mod.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/coherence/mod.rs
index 853c4c8..4eee68b 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/coherence/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/coherence/mod.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 // done by the orphan and overlap modules. Then we build up various
 // mappings. That mapping code resides here.
 
-use hir::def_id::{DefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
+use crate::hir::def_id::{DefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc::traits;
 use rustc::ty::{self, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable};
 use rustc::ty::query::Providers;
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/collect.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/collect.rs
index f5e5067..bb4fba1 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/collect.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/collect.rs
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
 //! At present, however, we do run collection across all items in the
 //! crate as a kind of pass. This should eventually be factored away.
 
-use astconv::{AstConv, Bounds};
-use constrained_type_params as ctp;
-use check::intrinsic::intrisic_operation_unsafety;
-use lint;
-use middle::lang_items::SizedTraitLangItem;
-use middle::resolve_lifetime as rl;
-use middle::weak_lang_items;
+use crate::astconv::{AstConv, Bounds};
+use crate::constrained_type_params as ctp;
+use crate::check::intrinsic::intrisic_operation_unsafety;
+use crate::lint;
+use crate::middle::lang_items::SizedTraitLangItem;
+use crate::middle::resolve_lifetime as rl;
+use crate::middle::weak_lang_items;
 use rustc::mir::mono::Linkage;
 use rustc::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc::ty::subst::Substs;
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
     );
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers<'_>) {
     *providers = Providers {
         type_of,
         generics_of,
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/constrained_type_params.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/constrained_type_params.rs
index 199ea31..d1f33b6 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/constrained_type_params.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/constrained_type_params.rs
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
 /// which is determined by 1, which requires `U`, that is determined
 /// by 0. I should probably pick a less tangled example, but I can't
 /// think of any.
-pub fn setup_constraining_predicates<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt,
+pub fn setup_constraining_predicates<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>,
                                            predicates: &mut [(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)],
                                            impl_trait_ref: Option<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
                                            input_parameters: &mut FxHashSet<Parameter>)
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/impl_wf_check.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/impl_wf_check.rs
index 07f5fca..6de06b6 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/impl_wf_check.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/impl_wf_check.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //! specialization errors. These things can (and probably should) be
 //! fixed, but for the moment it's easier to do these checks early.
 
-use constrained_type_params as ctp;
+use crate::constrained_type_params as ctp;
 use rustc::hir;
 use rustc::hir::itemlikevisit::ItemLikeVisitor;
 use rustc::hir::def_id::DefId;
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
     // used elsewhere are not projected back out.
 }
 
-fn report_unused_parameter(tcx: TyCtxt,
+fn report_unused_parameter(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>,
                            span: Span,
                            kind: &str,
                            name: &str)
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/lib.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/lib.rs
index 8d77310..e99ec53 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/lib.rs
@@ -72,17 +72,15 @@
 
 #![recursion_limit="256"]
 
+#![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
+#![allow(explicit_outlives_requirements)]
+
+#![allow(elided_lifetimes_in_paths)] // WIP
+
 #[macro_use] extern crate log;
 #[macro_use] extern crate syntax;
-extern crate syntax_pos;
-
-extern crate arena;
 
 #[macro_use] extern crate rustc;
-extern crate rustc_data_structures;
-extern crate rustc_errors as errors;
-extern crate rustc_target;
-extern crate smallvec;
 
 // N.B., this module needs to be declared first so diagnostics are
 // registered before they are used.
@@ -141,7 +139,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-fn require_c_abi_if_variadic(tcx: TyCtxt,
+fn require_c_abi_if_variadic(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>,
                              decl: &hir::FnDecl,
                              abi: Abi,
                              span: Span) {
@@ -310,7 +308,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers<'_>) {
     collect::provide(providers);
     coherence::provide(providers);
     check::provide(providers);
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/explicit.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/explicit.rs
index 38f4b37..574086f 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/explicit.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/explicit.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use rustc::hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc::ty::{self, OutlivesPredicate, TyCtxt};
-use util::nodemap::FxHashMap;
+use crate::util::nodemap::FxHashMap;
 
 use super::utils::*;
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/implicit_infer.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/implicit_infer.rs
index e388a3e..0ff884d 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/implicit_infer.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/implicit_infer.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-use rustc::hir;
-use hir::Node;
+use rustc::hir::{self, Node};
 use rustc::hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc::hir::itemlikevisit::ItemLikeVisitor;
 use rustc::ty::subst::{Kind, Subst, UnpackedKind};
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/mod.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/mod.rs
index f0310f2..b3634d3 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/mod.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 pub mod test;
 mod utils;
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers<'_>) {
     *providers = Providers {
         inferred_outlives_of,
         inferred_outlives_crate,
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/variance/terms.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/variance/terms.rs
index d53e2d2..ec0acfb 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/variance/terms.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/variance/terms.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use syntax::ast;
 use rustc::hir;
 use rustc::hir::itemlikevisit::ItemLikeVisitor;
-use util::nodemap::NodeMap;
+use crate::util::nodemap::NodeMap;
 
 use self::VarianceTerm::*;
 
diff --git a/src/libserialize/Cargo.toml b/src/libserialize/Cargo.toml
index 3e04081..949af0e 100644
--- a/src/libserialize/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/libserialize/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 authors = ["The Rust Project Developers"]
 name = "serialize"
 version = "0.0.0"
+edition = "2018"
 
 [lib]
 name = "serialize"
diff --git a/src/libserialize/collection_impls.rs b/src/libserialize/collection_impls.rs
index f3afc3b..c0a8fa9 100644
--- a/src/libserialize/collection_impls.rs
+++ b/src/libserialize/collection_impls.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 use std::hash::{Hash, BuildHasher};
 
-use {Decodable, Encodable, Decoder, Encoder};
+use crate::{Decodable, Encodable, Decoder, Encoder};
 use std::collections::{LinkedList, VecDeque, BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
diff --git a/src/libserialize/hex.rs b/src/libserialize/hex.rs
index 6127440..73b9122 100644
--- a/src/libserialize/hex.rs
+++ b/src/libserialize/hex.rs
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for FromHexError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match *self {
             InvalidHexCharacter(ch, idx) =>
                 write!(f, "Invalid character '{}' at position {}", ch, idx),
@@ -145,8 +145,8 @@
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     extern crate test;
-    use self::test::Bencher;
-    use hex::{FromHex, ToHex};
+    use test::Bencher;
+    use crate::hex::{FromHex, ToHex};
 
     #[test]
     pub fn test_to_hex() {
diff --git a/src/libserialize/json.rs b/src/libserialize/json.rs
index 362b457..5b3444b 100644
--- a/src/libserialize/json.rs
+++ b/src/libserialize/json.rs
@@ -199,9 +199,8 @@
 use std::str::FromStr;
 use std::string;
 use std::{char, f64, fmt, str};
-use std;
 
-use Encodable;
+use crate::Encodable;
 
 /// Represents a json value
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Debug)]
@@ -221,8 +220,8 @@
 
 pub struct PrettyJson<'a> { inner: &'a Json }
 
-pub struct AsJson<'a, T: 'a> { inner: &'a T }
-pub struct AsPrettyJson<'a, T: 'a> { inner: &'a T, indent: Option<usize> }
+pub struct AsJson<'a, T> { inner: &'a T }
+pub struct AsPrettyJson<'a, T> { inner: &'a T, indent: Option<usize> }
 
 /// The errors that can arise while parsing a JSON stream.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Debug)]
@@ -295,18 +294,18 @@
 }
 
 /// Shortcut function to decode a JSON `&str` into an object
-pub fn decode<T: ::Decodable>(s: &str) -> DecodeResult<T> {
+pub fn decode<T: crate::Decodable>(s: &str) -> DecodeResult<T> {
     let json = match from_str(s) {
         Ok(x) => x,
         Err(e) => return Err(ParseError(e))
     };
 
     let mut decoder = Decoder::new(json);
-    ::Decodable::decode(&mut decoder)
+    crate::Decodable::decode(&mut decoder)
 }
 
 /// Shortcut function to encode a `T` into a JSON `String`
-pub fn encode<T: ::Encodable>(object: &T) -> Result<string::String, EncoderError> {
+pub fn encode<T: crate::Encodable>(object: &T) -> Result<string::String, EncoderError> {
     let mut s = String::new();
     {
         let mut encoder = Encoder::new(&mut s);
@@ -316,7 +315,7 @@
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for ErrorCode {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         error_str(*self).fmt(f)
     }
 }
@@ -326,14 +325,14 @@
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for ParserError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         // FIXME this should be a nicer error
         fmt::Debug::fmt(self, f)
     }
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for DecoderError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         // FIXME this should be a nicer error
         fmt::Debug::fmt(self, f)
     }
@@ -344,7 +343,7 @@
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for EncoderError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         // FIXME this should be a nicer error
         fmt::Debug::fmt(self, f)
     }
@@ -477,7 +476,7 @@
     })
 }
 
-impl<'a> ::Encoder for Encoder<'a> {
+impl<'a> crate::Encoder for Encoder<'a> {
     type Error = EncoderError;
 
     fn emit_unit(&mut self) -> EncodeResult {
@@ -727,7 +726,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> ::Encoder for PrettyEncoder<'a> {
+impl<'a> crate::Encoder for PrettyEncoder<'a> {
     type Error = EncoderError;
 
     fn emit_unit(&mut self) -> EncodeResult {
@@ -997,7 +996,7 @@
 }
 
 impl Encodable for Json {
-    fn encode<E: ::Encoder>(&self, e: &mut E) -> Result<(), E::Error> {
+    fn encode<E: crate::Encoder>(&self, e: &mut E) -> Result<(), E::Error> {
         match *self {
             Json::I64(v) => v.encode(e),
             Json::U64(v) => v.encode(e),
@@ -1013,20 +1012,20 @@
 
 /// Create an `AsJson` wrapper which can be used to print a value as JSON
 /// on-the-fly via `write!`
-pub fn as_json<T>(t: &T) -> AsJson<T> {
+pub fn as_json<T>(t: &T) -> AsJson<'_, T> {
     AsJson { inner: t }
 }
 
 /// Create an `AsPrettyJson` wrapper which can be used to print a value as JSON
 /// on-the-fly via `write!`
-pub fn as_pretty_json<T>(t: &T) -> AsPrettyJson<T> {
+pub fn as_pretty_json<T>(t: &T) -> AsPrettyJson<'_, T> {
     AsPrettyJson { inner: t, indent: None }
 }
 
 impl Json {
     /// Borrow this json object as a pretty object to generate a pretty
     /// representation for it via `Display`.
-    pub fn pretty(&self) -> PrettyJson {
+    pub fn pretty(&self) -> PrettyJson<'_> {
         PrettyJson { inner: self }
     }
 
@@ -1300,7 +1299,7 @@
     /// Provides access to the StackElement at a given index.
     /// lower indices are at the bottom of the stack while higher indices are
     /// at the top.
-    pub fn get(&self, idx: usize) -> StackElement {
+    pub fn get(&self, idx: usize) -> StackElement<'_> {
         match self.stack[idx] {
             InternalIndex(i) => StackElement::Index(i),
             InternalKey(start, size) => {
@@ -1311,8 +1310,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    /// Compares this stack with an array of StackElements.
-    pub fn is_equal_to(&self, rhs: &[StackElement]) -> bool {
+    /// Compares this stack with an array of StackElement<'_>s.
+    pub fn is_equal_to(&self, rhs: &[StackElement<'_>]) -> bool {
         if self.stack.len() != rhs.len() { return false; }
         for (i, r) in rhs.iter().enumerate() {
             if self.get(i) != *r { return false; }
@@ -1322,7 +1321,7 @@
 
     /// Returns true if the bottom-most elements of this stack are the same as
     /// the ones passed as parameter.
-    pub fn starts_with(&self, rhs: &[StackElement]) -> bool {
+    pub fn starts_with(&self, rhs: &[StackElement<'_>]) -> bool {
         if self.stack.len() < rhs.len() { return false; }
         for (i, r) in rhs.iter().enumerate() {
             if self.get(i) != *r { return false; }
@@ -1332,7 +1331,7 @@
 
     /// Returns true if the top-most elements of this stack are the same as
     /// the ones passed as parameter.
-    pub fn ends_with(&self, rhs: &[StackElement]) -> bool {
+    pub fn ends_with(&self, rhs: &[StackElement<'_>]) -> bool {
         if self.stack.len() < rhs.len() { return false; }
         let offset = self.stack.len() - rhs.len();
         for (i, r) in rhs.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -1342,7 +1341,7 @@
     }
 
     /// Returns the top-most element (if any).
-    pub fn top(&self) -> Option<StackElement> {
+    pub fn top(&self) -> Option<StackElement<'_>> {
         match self.stack.last() {
             None => None,
             Some(&InternalIndex(i)) => Some(StackElement::Index(i)),
@@ -2115,7 +2114,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-impl ::Decoder for Decoder {
+impl crate::Decoder for Decoder {
     type Error = DecoderError;
 
     fn read_nil(&mut self) -> DecodeResult<()> {
@@ -2172,7 +2171,7 @@
         Err(ExpectedError("single character string".to_owned(), s.to_string()))
     }
 
-    fn read_str(&mut self) -> DecodeResult<Cow<str>> {
+    fn read_str(&mut self) -> DecodeResult<Cow<'_, str>> {
         expect!(self.pop(), String).map(Cow::Owned)
     }
 
@@ -2518,7 +2517,7 @@
 
 impl fmt::Display for Json {
     /// Encodes a json value into a string
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         let mut shim = FormatShim { inner: f };
         let mut encoder = Encoder::new(&mut shim);
         match self.encode(&mut encoder) {
@@ -2530,7 +2529,7 @@
 
 impl<'a> fmt::Display for PrettyJson<'a> {
     /// Encodes a json value into a string
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         let mut shim = FormatShim { inner: f };
         let mut encoder = PrettyEncoder::new(&mut shim);
         match self.inner.encode(&mut encoder) {
@@ -2542,7 +2541,7 @@
 
 impl<'a, T: Encodable> fmt::Display for AsJson<'a, T> {
     /// Encodes a json value into a string
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         let mut shim = FormatShim { inner: f };
         let mut encoder = Encoder::new(&mut shim);
         match self.inner.encode(&mut encoder) {
@@ -2562,7 +2561,7 @@
 
 impl<'a, T: Encodable> fmt::Display for AsPrettyJson<'a, T> {
     /// Encodes a json value into a string
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         let mut shim = FormatShim { inner: f };
         let mut encoder = PrettyEncoder::new(&mut shim);
         if let Some(n) = self.indent {
@@ -2584,1220 +2583,13 @@
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    // Benchmarks and tests that require private items
+
     extern crate test;
-    use self::Animal::*;
-    use self::test::Bencher;
-    use {Encodable, Decodable};
-    use super::Json::*;
-    use super::ErrorCode::*;
-    use super::ParserError::*;
-    use super::DecoderError::*;
-    use super::JsonEvent::*;
-    use super::{Json, from_str, DecodeResult, DecoderError, JsonEvent, Parser,
-                StackElement, Stack, Decoder, Encoder, EncoderError};
-    use std::{i64, u64, f32, f64};
-    use std::io::prelude::*;
-    use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+    use test::Bencher;
+    use super::{from_str, Parser, StackElement, Stack};
     use std::string;
 
-    #[derive(RustcDecodable, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
-    struct OptionData {
-        opt: Option<usize>,
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_option_none() {
-        let s ="{}";
-        let obj: OptionData = super::decode(s).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(obj, OptionData { opt: None });
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_option_some() {
-        let s = "{ \"opt\": 10 }";
-        let obj: OptionData = super::decode(s).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(obj, OptionData { opt: Some(10) });
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_option_malformed() {
-        check_err::<OptionData>("{ \"opt\": [] }",
-                                ExpectedError("Number".to_string(), "[]".to_string()));
-        check_err::<OptionData>("{ \"opt\": false }",
-                                ExpectedError("Number".to_string(), "false".to_string()));
-    }
-
-    #[derive(PartialEq, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Debug)]
-    enum Animal {
-        Dog,
-        Frog(string::String, isize)
-    }
-
-    #[derive(PartialEq, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Debug)]
-    struct Inner {
-        a: (),
-        b: usize,
-        c: Vec<string::String>,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(PartialEq, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Debug)]
-    struct Outer {
-        inner: Vec<Inner>,
-    }
-
-    fn mk_object(items: &[(string::String, Json)]) -> Json {
-        let mut d = BTreeMap::new();
-
-        for item in items {
-            match *item {
-                (ref key, ref value) => { d.insert((*key).clone(), (*value).clone()); },
-            }
-        };
-
-        Object(d)
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_from_str_trait() {
-        let s = "null";
-        assert!(s.parse::<Json>().unwrap() == s.parse().unwrap());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_write_null() {
-        assert_eq!(Null.to_string(), "null");
-        assert_eq!(Null.pretty().to_string(), "null");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_write_i64() {
-        assert_eq!(U64(0).to_string(), "0");
-        assert_eq!(U64(0).pretty().to_string(), "0");
-
-        assert_eq!(U64(1234).to_string(), "1234");
-        assert_eq!(U64(1234).pretty().to_string(), "1234");
-
-        assert_eq!(I64(-5678).to_string(), "-5678");
-        assert_eq!(I64(-5678).pretty().to_string(), "-5678");
-
-        assert_eq!(U64(7650007200025252000).to_string(), "7650007200025252000");
-        assert_eq!(U64(7650007200025252000).pretty().to_string(), "7650007200025252000");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_write_f64() {
-        assert_eq!(F64(3.0).to_string(), "3.0");
-        assert_eq!(F64(3.0).pretty().to_string(), "3.0");
-
-        assert_eq!(F64(3.1).to_string(), "3.1");
-        assert_eq!(F64(3.1).pretty().to_string(), "3.1");
-
-        assert_eq!(F64(-1.5).to_string(), "-1.5");
-        assert_eq!(F64(-1.5).pretty().to_string(), "-1.5");
-
-        assert_eq!(F64(0.5).to_string(), "0.5");
-        assert_eq!(F64(0.5).pretty().to_string(), "0.5");
-
-        assert_eq!(F64(f64::NAN).to_string(), "null");
-        assert_eq!(F64(f64::NAN).pretty().to_string(), "null");
-
-        assert_eq!(F64(f64::INFINITY).to_string(), "null");
-        assert_eq!(F64(f64::INFINITY).pretty().to_string(), "null");
-
-        assert_eq!(F64(f64::NEG_INFINITY).to_string(), "null");
-        assert_eq!(F64(f64::NEG_INFINITY).pretty().to_string(), "null");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_write_str() {
-        assert_eq!(String("".to_string()).to_string(), "\"\"");
-        assert_eq!(String("".to_string()).pretty().to_string(), "\"\"");
-
-        assert_eq!(String("homura".to_string()).to_string(), "\"homura\"");
-        assert_eq!(String("madoka".to_string()).pretty().to_string(), "\"madoka\"");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_write_bool() {
-        assert_eq!(Boolean(true).to_string(), "true");
-        assert_eq!(Boolean(true).pretty().to_string(), "true");
-
-        assert_eq!(Boolean(false).to_string(), "false");
-        assert_eq!(Boolean(false).pretty().to_string(), "false");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_write_array() {
-        assert_eq!(Array(vec![]).to_string(), "[]");
-        assert_eq!(Array(vec![]).pretty().to_string(), "[]");
-
-        assert_eq!(Array(vec![Boolean(true)]).to_string(), "[true]");
-        assert_eq!(
-            Array(vec![Boolean(true)]).pretty().to_string(),
-            "\
-            [\n  \
-                true\n\
-            ]"
-        );
-
-        let long_test_array = Array(vec![
-            Boolean(false),
-            Null,
-            Array(vec![String("foo\nbar".to_string()), F64(3.5)])]);
-
-        assert_eq!(long_test_array.to_string(),
-            "[false,null,[\"foo\\nbar\",3.5]]");
-        assert_eq!(
-            long_test_array.pretty().to_string(),
-            "\
-            [\n  \
-                false,\n  \
-                null,\n  \
-                [\n    \
-                    \"foo\\nbar\",\n    \
-                    3.5\n  \
-                ]\n\
-            ]"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_write_object() {
-        assert_eq!(mk_object(&[]).to_string(), "{}");
-        assert_eq!(mk_object(&[]).pretty().to_string(), "{}");
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            mk_object(&[
-                ("a".to_string(), Boolean(true))
-            ]).to_string(),
-            "{\"a\":true}"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            mk_object(&[("a".to_string(), Boolean(true))]).pretty().to_string(),
-            "\
-            {\n  \
-                \"a\": true\n\
-            }"
-        );
-
-        let complex_obj = mk_object(&[
-                ("b".to_string(), Array(vec![
-                    mk_object(&[("c".to_string(), String("\x0c\r".to_string()))]),
-                    mk_object(&[("d".to_string(), String("".to_string()))])
-                ]))
-            ]);
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            complex_obj.to_string(),
-            "{\
-                \"b\":[\
-                    {\"c\":\"\\f\\r\"},\
-                    {\"d\":\"\"}\
-                ]\
-            }"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            complex_obj.pretty().to_string(),
-            "\
-            {\n  \
-                \"b\": [\n    \
-                    {\n      \
-                        \"c\": \"\\f\\r\"\n    \
-                    },\n    \
-                    {\n      \
-                        \"d\": \"\"\n    \
-                    }\n  \
-                ]\n\
-            }"
-        );
-
-        let a = mk_object(&[
-            ("a".to_string(), Boolean(true)),
-            ("b".to_string(), Array(vec![
-                mk_object(&[("c".to_string(), String("\x0c\r".to_string()))]),
-                mk_object(&[("d".to_string(), String("".to_string()))])
-            ]))
-        ]);
-
-        // We can't compare the strings directly because the object fields be
-        // printed in a different order.
-        assert_eq!(a.clone(), a.to_string().parse().unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(a.clone(), a.pretty().to_string().parse().unwrap());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_write_enum() {
-        let animal = Dog;
-        assert_eq!(
-            super::as_json(&animal).to_string(),
-            "\"Dog\""
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            super::as_pretty_json(&animal).to_string(),
-            "\"Dog\""
-        );
-
-        let animal = Frog("Henry".to_string(), 349);
-        assert_eq!(
-            super::as_json(&animal).to_string(),
-            "{\"variant\":\"Frog\",\"fields\":[\"Henry\",349]}"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            super::as_pretty_json(&animal).to_string(),
-            "{\n  \
-               \"variant\": \"Frog\",\n  \
-               \"fields\": [\n    \
-                 \"Henry\",\n    \
-                 349\n  \
-               ]\n\
-             }"
-        );
-    }
-
-    macro_rules! check_encoder_for_simple {
-        ($value:expr, $expected:expr) => ({
-            let s = super::as_json(&$value).to_string();
-            assert_eq!(s, $expected);
-
-            let s = super::as_pretty_json(&$value).to_string();
-            assert_eq!(s, $expected);
-        })
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_write_some() {
-        check_encoder_for_simple!(Some("jodhpurs".to_string()), "\"jodhpurs\"");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_write_none() {
-        check_encoder_for_simple!(None::<string::String>, "null");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_write_char() {
-        check_encoder_for_simple!('a', "\"a\"");
-        check_encoder_for_simple!('\t', "\"\\t\"");
-        check_encoder_for_simple!('\u{0000}', "\"\\u0000\"");
-        check_encoder_for_simple!('\u{001b}', "\"\\u001b\"");
-        check_encoder_for_simple!('\u{007f}', "\"\\u007f\"");
-        check_encoder_for_simple!('\u{00a0}', "\"\u{00a0}\"");
-        check_encoder_for_simple!('\u{abcd}', "\"\u{abcd}\"");
-        check_encoder_for_simple!('\u{10ffff}', "\"\u{10ffff}\"");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_trailing_characters() {
-        assert_eq!(from_str("nulla"),  Err(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 5)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("truea"),  Err(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 5)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("falsea"), Err(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 6)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("1a"),     Err(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[]a"),    Err(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 3)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{}a"),    Err(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 3)));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_read_identifiers() {
-        assert_eq!(from_str("n"),    Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("nul"),  Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 4)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("t"),    Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("truz"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 4)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("f"),    Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("faz"),  Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 3)));
-
-        assert_eq!(from_str("null"), Ok(Null));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("true"), Ok(Boolean(true)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("false"), Ok(Boolean(false)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str(" null "), Ok(Null));
-        assert_eq!(from_str(" true "), Ok(Boolean(true)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str(" false "), Ok(Boolean(false)));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_identifiers() {
-        let v: () = super::decode("null").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, ());
-
-        let v: bool = super::decode("true").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, true);
-
-        let v: bool = super::decode("false").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, false);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_read_number() {
-        assert_eq!(from_str("+"),   Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 1)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("."),   Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 1)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("NaN"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 1)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("-"),   Err(SyntaxError(InvalidNumber, 1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("00"),  Err(SyntaxError(InvalidNumber, 1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("1."),  Err(SyntaxError(InvalidNumber, 1, 3)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("1e"),  Err(SyntaxError(InvalidNumber, 1, 3)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("1e+"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidNumber, 1, 4)));
-
-        assert_eq!(from_str("18446744073709551616"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidNumber, 1, 20)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("-9223372036854775809"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidNumber, 1, 21)));
-
-        assert_eq!(from_str("3"), Ok(U64(3)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("3.1"), Ok(F64(3.1)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("-1.2"), Ok(F64(-1.2)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("0.4"), Ok(F64(0.4)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("0.4e5"), Ok(F64(0.4e5)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("0.4e+15"), Ok(F64(0.4e15)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("0.4e-01"), Ok(F64(0.4e-01)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str(" 3 "), Ok(U64(3)));
-
-        assert_eq!(from_str("-9223372036854775808"), Ok(I64(i64::MIN)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("9223372036854775807"), Ok(U64(i64::MAX as u64)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("18446744073709551615"), Ok(U64(u64::MAX)));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_numbers() {
-        let v: f64 = super::decode("3").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, 3.0);
-
-        let v: f64 = super::decode("3.1").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, 3.1);
-
-        let v: f64 = super::decode("-1.2").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, -1.2);
-
-        let v: f64 = super::decode("0.4").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, 0.4);
-
-        let v: f64 = super::decode("0.4e5").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, 0.4e5);
-
-        let v: f64 = super::decode("0.4e15").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, 0.4e15);
-
-        let v: f64 = super::decode("0.4e-01").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, 0.4e-01);
-
-        let v: u64 = super::decode("0").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, 0);
-
-        let v: u64 = super::decode("18446744073709551615").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, u64::MAX);
-
-        let v: i64 = super::decode("-9223372036854775808").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, i64::MIN);
-
-        let v: i64 = super::decode("9223372036854775807").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, i64::MAX);
-
-        let res: DecodeResult<i64> = super::decode("765.25");
-        assert_eq!(res, Err(ExpectedError("Integer".to_string(),
-                                          "765.25".to_string())));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_read_str() {
-        assert_eq!(from_str("\""),    Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingString, 1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("\"lol"), Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingString, 1, 5)));
-
-        assert_eq!(from_str("\"\""), Ok(String("".to_string())));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("\"foo\""), Ok(String("foo".to_string())));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("\"\\\"\""), Ok(String("\"".to_string())));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("\"\\b\""), Ok(String("\x08".to_string())));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("\"\\n\""), Ok(String("\n".to_string())));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("\"\\r\""), Ok(String("\r".to_string())));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("\"\\t\""), Ok(String("\t".to_string())));
-        assert_eq!(from_str(" \"foo\" "), Ok(String("foo".to_string())));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("\"\\u12ab\""), Ok(String("\u{12ab}".to_string())));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("\"\\uAB12\""), Ok(String("\u{AB12}".to_string())));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_str() {
-        let s = [("\"\"", ""),
-                 ("\"foo\"", "foo"),
-                 ("\"\\\"\"", "\""),
-                 ("\"\\b\"", "\x08"),
-                 ("\"\\n\"", "\n"),
-                 ("\"\\r\"", "\r"),
-                 ("\"\\t\"", "\t"),
-                 ("\"\\u12ab\"", "\u{12ab}"),
-                 ("\"\\uAB12\"", "\u{AB12}")];
-
-        for &(i, o) in &s {
-            let v: string::String = super::decode(i).unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(v, o);
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_read_array() {
-        assert_eq!(from_str("["),     Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingValue, 1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[1"),    Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingArray, 1, 3)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[1,"),   Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingValue, 1, 4)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[1,]"),  Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax,        1, 4)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[6 7]"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax,        1, 4)));
-
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[]"), Ok(Array(vec![])));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[ ]"), Ok(Array(vec![])));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[true]"), Ok(Array(vec![Boolean(true)])));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[ false ]"), Ok(Array(vec![Boolean(false)])));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[null]"), Ok(Array(vec![Null])));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[3, 1]"),
-                     Ok(Array(vec![U64(3), U64(1)])));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("\n[3, 2]\n"),
-                     Ok(Array(vec![U64(3), U64(2)])));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[2, [4, 1]]"),
-               Ok(Array(vec![U64(2), Array(vec![U64(4), U64(1)])])));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_array() {
-        let v: Vec<()> = super::decode("[]").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, []);
-
-        let v: Vec<()> = super::decode("[null]").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, [()]);
-
-        let v: Vec<bool> = super::decode("[true]").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, [true]);
-
-        let v: Vec<isize> = super::decode("[3, 1]").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, [3, 1]);
-
-        let v: Vec<Vec<usize>> = super::decode("[[3], [1, 2]]").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(v, [vec![3], vec![1, 2]]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_tuple() {
-        let t: (usize, usize, usize) = super::decode("[1, 2, 3]").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(t, (1, 2, 3));
-
-        let t: (usize, string::String) = super::decode("[1, \"two\"]").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(t, (1, "two".to_string()));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_tuple_malformed_types() {
-        assert!(super::decode::<(usize, string::String)>("[1, 2]").is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_tuple_malformed_length() {
-        assert!(super::decode::<(usize, usize)>("[1, 2, 3]").is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_read_object() {
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{"),       Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{ "),      Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 3)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{1"),      Err(SyntaxError(KeyMustBeAString,      1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{ \"a\""), Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 6)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\""),  Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 5)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\" "), Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 6)));
-
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\" 1"),   Err(SyntaxError(ExpectedColon,         1, 6)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\":"),    Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingValue,  1, 6)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\":1"),   Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 7)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\":1 1"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax,         1, 8)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\":1,"),  Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 8)));
-
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{}").unwrap(), mk_object(&[]));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\": 3}").unwrap(),
-                  mk_object(&[("a".to_string(), U64(3))]));
-
-        assert_eq!(from_str(
-                      "{ \"a\": null, \"b\" : true }").unwrap(),
-                  mk_object(&[
-                      ("a".to_string(), Null),
-                      ("b".to_string(), Boolean(true))]));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("\n{ \"a\": null, \"b\" : true }\n").unwrap(),
-                  mk_object(&[
-                      ("a".to_string(), Null),
-                      ("b".to_string(), Boolean(true))]));
-        assert_eq!(from_str(
-                      "{\"a\" : 1.0 ,\"b\": [ true ]}").unwrap(),
-                  mk_object(&[
-                      ("a".to_string(), F64(1.0)),
-                      ("b".to_string(), Array(vec![Boolean(true)]))
-                  ]));
-        assert_eq!(from_str(
-                      "{\
-                          \"a\": 1.0, \
-                          \"b\": [\
-                              true,\
-                              \"foo\\nbar\", \
-                              { \"c\": {\"d\": null} } \
-                          ]\
-                      }").unwrap(),
-                  mk_object(&[
-                      ("a".to_string(), F64(1.0)),
-                      ("b".to_string(), Array(vec![
-                          Boolean(true),
-                          String("foo\nbar".to_string()),
-                          mk_object(&[
-                              ("c".to_string(), mk_object(&[("d".to_string(), Null)]))
-                          ])
-                      ]))
-                  ]));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_struct() {
-        let s = "{
-            \"inner\": [
-                { \"a\": null, \"b\": 2, \"c\": [\"abc\", \"xyz\"] }
-            ]
-        }";
-
-        let v: Outer = super::decode(s).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            v,
-            Outer {
-                inner: vec![
-                    Inner { a: (), b: 2, c: vec!["abc".to_string(), "xyz".to_string()] }
-                ]
-            }
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[derive(RustcDecodable)]
-    struct FloatStruct {
-        f: f64,
-        a: Vec<f64>
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_struct_with_nan() {
-        let s = "{\"f\":null,\"a\":[null,123]}";
-        let obj: FloatStruct = super::decode(s).unwrap();
-        assert!(obj.f.is_nan());
-        assert!(obj.a[0].is_nan());
-        assert_eq!(obj.a[1], 123f64);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_option() {
-        let value: Option<string::String> = super::decode("null").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(value, None);
-
-        let value: Option<string::String> = super::decode("\"jodhpurs\"").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(value, Some("jodhpurs".to_string()));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_enum() {
-        let value: Animal = super::decode("\"Dog\"").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(value, Dog);
-
-        let s = "{\"variant\":\"Frog\",\"fields\":[\"Henry\",349]}";
-        let value: Animal = super::decode(s).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(value, Frog("Henry".to_string(), 349));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_map() {
-        let s = "{\"a\": \"Dog\", \"b\": {\"variant\":\"Frog\",\
-                  \"fields\":[\"Henry\", 349]}}";
-        let mut map: BTreeMap<string::String, Animal> = super::decode(s).unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(map.remove(&"a".to_string()), Some(Dog));
-        assert_eq!(map.remove(&"b".to_string()), Some(Frog("Henry".to_string(), 349)));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_multiline_errors() {
-        assert_eq!(from_str("{\n  \"foo\":\n \"bar\""),
-            Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 3, 8)));
-    }
-
-    #[derive(RustcDecodable)]
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    struct DecodeStruct {
-        x: f64,
-        y: bool,
-        z: string::String,
-        w: Vec<DecodeStruct>
-    }
-    #[derive(RustcDecodable)]
-    enum DecodeEnum {
-        A(f64),
-        B(string::String)
-    }
-    fn check_err<T: Decodable>(to_parse: &'static str, expected: DecoderError) {
-        let res: DecodeResult<T> = match from_str(to_parse) {
-            Err(e) => Err(ParseError(e)),
-            Ok(json) => Decodable::decode(&mut Decoder::new(json))
-        };
-        match res {
-            Ok(_) => panic!("`{:?}` parsed & decoded ok, expecting error `{:?}`",
-                              to_parse, expected),
-            Err(ParseError(e)) => panic!("`{:?}` is not valid json: {:?}",
-                                           to_parse, e),
-            Err(e) => {
-                assert_eq!(e, expected);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_errors_struct() {
-        check_err::<DecodeStruct>("[]", ExpectedError("Object".to_string(), "[]".to_string()));
-        check_err::<DecodeStruct>("{\"x\": true, \"y\": true, \"z\": \"\", \"w\": []}",
-                                  ExpectedError("Number".to_string(), "true".to_string()));
-        check_err::<DecodeStruct>("{\"x\": 1, \"y\": [], \"z\": \"\", \"w\": []}",
-                                  ExpectedError("Boolean".to_string(), "[]".to_string()));
-        check_err::<DecodeStruct>("{\"x\": 1, \"y\": true, \"z\": {}, \"w\": []}",
-                                  ExpectedError("String".to_string(), "{}".to_string()));
-        check_err::<DecodeStruct>("{\"x\": 1, \"y\": true, \"z\": \"\", \"w\": null}",
-                                  ExpectedError("Array".to_string(), "null".to_string()));
-        check_err::<DecodeStruct>("{\"x\": 1, \"y\": true, \"z\": \"\"}",
-                                  MissingFieldError("w".to_string()));
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_errors_enum() {
-        check_err::<DecodeEnum>("{}",
-                                MissingFieldError("variant".to_string()));
-        check_err::<DecodeEnum>("{\"variant\": 1}",
-                                ExpectedError("String".to_string(), "1".to_string()));
-        check_err::<DecodeEnum>("{\"variant\": \"A\"}",
-                                MissingFieldError("fields".to_string()));
-        check_err::<DecodeEnum>("{\"variant\": \"A\", \"fields\": null}",
-                                ExpectedError("Array".to_string(), "null".to_string()));
-        check_err::<DecodeEnum>("{\"variant\": \"C\", \"fields\": []}",
-                                UnknownVariantError("C".to_string()));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_find(){
-        let json_value = from_str("{\"dog\" : \"cat\"}").unwrap();
-        let found_str = json_value.find("dog");
-        assert!(found_str.unwrap().as_string().unwrap() == "cat");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_find_path(){
-        let json_value = from_str("{\"dog\":{\"cat\": {\"mouse\" : \"cheese\"}}}").unwrap();
-        let found_str = json_value.find_path(&["dog", "cat", "mouse"]);
-        assert!(found_str.unwrap().as_string().unwrap() == "cheese");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_search(){
-        let json_value = from_str("{\"dog\":{\"cat\": {\"mouse\" : \"cheese\"}}}").unwrap();
-        let found_str = json_value.search("mouse").and_then(|j| j.as_string());
-        assert!(found_str.unwrap() == "cheese");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_index(){
-        let json_value = from_str("{\"animals\":[\"dog\",\"cat\",\"mouse\"]}").unwrap();
-        let ref array = json_value["animals"];
-        assert_eq!(array[0].as_string().unwrap(), "dog");
-        assert_eq!(array[1].as_string().unwrap(), "cat");
-        assert_eq!(array[2].as_string().unwrap(), "mouse");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_is_object(){
-        let json_value = from_str("{}").unwrap();
-        assert!(json_value.is_object());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_as_object(){
-        let json_value = from_str("{}").unwrap();
-        let json_object = json_value.as_object();
-        assert!(json_object.is_some());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_is_array(){
-        let json_value = from_str("[1, 2, 3]").unwrap();
-        assert!(json_value.is_array());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_as_array(){
-        let json_value = from_str("[1, 2, 3]").unwrap();
-        let json_array = json_value.as_array();
-        let expected_length = 3;
-        assert!(json_array.is_some() && json_array.unwrap().len() == expected_length);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_is_string(){
-        let json_value = from_str("\"dog\"").unwrap();
-        assert!(json_value.is_string());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_as_string(){
-        let json_value = from_str("\"dog\"").unwrap();
-        let json_str = json_value.as_string();
-        let expected_str = "dog";
-        assert_eq!(json_str, Some(expected_str));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_is_number(){
-        let json_value = from_str("12").unwrap();
-        assert!(json_value.is_number());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_is_i64(){
-        let json_value = from_str("-12").unwrap();
-        assert!(json_value.is_i64());
-
-        let json_value = from_str("12").unwrap();
-        assert!(!json_value.is_i64());
-
-        let json_value = from_str("12.0").unwrap();
-        assert!(!json_value.is_i64());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_is_u64(){
-        let json_value = from_str("12").unwrap();
-        assert!(json_value.is_u64());
-
-        let json_value = from_str("-12").unwrap();
-        assert!(!json_value.is_u64());
-
-        let json_value = from_str("12.0").unwrap();
-        assert!(!json_value.is_u64());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_is_f64(){
-        let json_value = from_str("12").unwrap();
-        assert!(!json_value.is_f64());
-
-        let json_value = from_str("-12").unwrap();
-        assert!(!json_value.is_f64());
-
-        let json_value = from_str("12.0").unwrap();
-        assert!(json_value.is_f64());
-
-        let json_value = from_str("-12.0").unwrap();
-        assert!(json_value.is_f64());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_as_i64(){
-        let json_value = from_str("-12").unwrap();
-        let json_num = json_value.as_i64();
-        assert_eq!(json_num, Some(-12));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_as_u64(){
-        let json_value = from_str("12").unwrap();
-        let json_num = json_value.as_u64();
-        assert_eq!(json_num, Some(12));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_as_f64(){
-        let json_value = from_str("12.0").unwrap();
-        let json_num = json_value.as_f64();
-        assert_eq!(json_num, Some(12f64));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_is_boolean(){
-        let json_value = from_str("false").unwrap();
-        assert!(json_value.is_boolean());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_as_boolean(){
-        let json_value = from_str("false").unwrap();
-        let json_bool = json_value.as_boolean();
-        let expected_bool = false;
-        assert!(json_bool.is_some() && json_bool.unwrap() == expected_bool);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_is_null(){
-        let json_value = from_str("null").unwrap();
-        assert!(json_value.is_null());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_as_null(){
-        let json_value = from_str("null").unwrap();
-        let json_null = json_value.as_null();
-        let expected_null = ();
-        assert!(json_null.is_some() && json_null.unwrap() == expected_null);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_encode_hashmap_with_numeric_key() {
-        use std::str::from_utf8;
-        use std::collections::HashMap;
-        let mut hm: HashMap<usize, bool> = HashMap::new();
-        hm.insert(1, true);
-        let mut mem_buf = Vec::new();
-        write!(&mut mem_buf, "{}", super::as_pretty_json(&hm)).unwrap();
-        let json_str = from_utf8(&mem_buf[..]).unwrap();
-        match from_str(json_str) {
-            Err(_) => panic!("Unable to parse json_str: {:?}", json_str),
-            _ => {} // it parsed and we are good to go
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_prettyencode_hashmap_with_numeric_key() {
-        use std::str::from_utf8;
-        use std::collections::HashMap;
-        let mut hm: HashMap<usize, bool> = HashMap::new();
-        hm.insert(1, true);
-        let mut mem_buf = Vec::new();
-        write!(&mut mem_buf, "{}", super::as_pretty_json(&hm)).unwrap();
-        let json_str = from_utf8(&mem_buf[..]).unwrap();
-        match from_str(json_str) {
-            Err(_) => panic!("Unable to parse json_str: {:?}", json_str),
-            _ => {} // it parsed and we are good to go
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_prettyencoder_indent_level_param() {
-        use std::str::from_utf8;
-        use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-
-        let mut tree = BTreeMap::new();
-
-        tree.insert("hello".to_string(), String("guten tag".to_string()));
-        tree.insert("goodbye".to_string(), String("sayonara".to_string()));
-
-        let json = Array(
-            // The following layout below should look a lot like
-            // the pretty-printed JSON (indent * x)
-            vec!
-            ( // 0x
-                String("greetings".to_string()), // 1x
-                Object(tree), // 1x + 2x + 2x + 1x
-            ) // 0x
-            // End JSON array (7 lines)
-        );
-
-        // Helper function for counting indents
-        fn indents(source: &str) -> usize {
-            let trimmed = source.trim_start_matches(' ');
-            source.len() - trimmed.len()
-        }
-
-        // Test up to 4 spaces of indents (more?)
-        for i in 0..4 {
-            let mut writer = Vec::new();
-            write!(&mut writer, "{}",
-                   super::as_pretty_json(&json).indent(i)).unwrap();
-
-            let printed = from_utf8(&writer[..]).unwrap();
-
-            // Check for indents at each line
-            let lines: Vec<&str> = printed.lines().collect();
-            assert_eq!(lines.len(), 7); // JSON should be 7 lines
-
-            assert_eq!(indents(lines[0]), 0 * i); // [
-            assert_eq!(indents(lines[1]), 1 * i); //   "greetings",
-            assert_eq!(indents(lines[2]), 1 * i); //   {
-            assert_eq!(indents(lines[3]), 2 * i); //     "hello": "guten tag",
-            assert_eq!(indents(lines[4]), 2 * i); //     "goodbye": "sayonara"
-            assert_eq!(indents(lines[5]), 1 * i); //   },
-            assert_eq!(indents(lines[6]), 0 * i); // ]
-
-            // Finally, test that the pretty-printed JSON is valid
-            from_str(printed).ok().expect("Pretty-printed JSON is invalid!");
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_hashmap_with_enum_key() {
-        use std::collections::HashMap;
-        use json;
-        #[derive(RustcEncodable, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, RustcDecodable, Debug)]
-        enum Enum {
-            Foo,
-            #[allow(dead_code)]
-            Bar,
-        }
-        let mut map = HashMap::new();
-        map.insert(Enum::Foo, 0);
-        let result = json::encode(&map).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(&result[..], r#"{"Foo":0}"#);
-        let decoded: HashMap<Enum, _> = json::decode(&result).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(map, decoded);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_hashmap_with_numeric_key_can_handle_double_quote_delimited_key() {
-        use std::collections::HashMap;
-        use Decodable;
-        let json_str = "{\"1\":true}";
-        let json_obj = match from_str(json_str) {
-            Err(_) => panic!("Unable to parse json_str: {:?}", json_str),
-            Ok(o) => o
-        };
-        let mut decoder = Decoder::new(json_obj);
-        let _hm: HashMap<usize, bool> = Decodable::decode(&mut decoder).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_hashmap_with_numeric_key_will_error_with_string_keys() {
-        use std::collections::HashMap;
-        use Decodable;
-        let json_str = "{\"a\":true}";
-        let json_obj = match from_str(json_str) {
-            Err(_) => panic!("Unable to parse json_str: {:?}", json_str),
-            Ok(o) => o
-        };
-        let mut decoder = Decoder::new(json_obj);
-        let result: Result<HashMap<usize, bool>, DecoderError> = Decodable::decode(&mut decoder);
-        assert_eq!(result, Err(ExpectedError("Number".to_string(), "a".to_string())));
-    }
-
-    fn assert_stream_equal(src: &str,
-                           expected: Vec<(JsonEvent, Vec<StackElement>)>) {
-        let mut parser = Parser::new(src.chars());
-        let mut i = 0;
-        loop {
-            let evt = match parser.next() {
-                Some(e) => e,
-                None => { break; }
-            };
-            let (ref expected_evt, ref expected_stack) = expected[i];
-            if !parser.stack().is_equal_to(expected_stack) {
-                panic!("Parser stack is not equal to {:?}", expected_stack);
-            }
-            assert_eq!(&evt, expected_evt);
-            i+=1;
-        }
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_streaming_parser() {
-        assert_stream_equal(
-            r#"{ "foo":"bar", "array" : [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], "idents":[null,true,false]}"#,
-            vec![
-                (ObjectStart,             vec![]),
-                  (StringValue("bar".to_string()),   vec![StackElement::Key("foo")]),
-                  (ArrayStart,            vec![StackElement::Key("array")]),
-                    (U64Value(0),         vec![StackElement::Key("array"), StackElement::Index(0)]),
-                    (U64Value(1),         vec![StackElement::Key("array"), StackElement::Index(1)]),
-                    (U64Value(2),         vec![StackElement::Key("array"), StackElement::Index(2)]),
-                    (U64Value(3),         vec![StackElement::Key("array"), StackElement::Index(3)]),
-                    (U64Value(4),         vec![StackElement::Key("array"), StackElement::Index(4)]),
-                    (U64Value(5),         vec![StackElement::Key("array"), StackElement::Index(5)]),
-                  (ArrayEnd,              vec![StackElement::Key("array")]),
-                  (ArrayStart,            vec![StackElement::Key("idents")]),
-                    (NullValue,           vec![StackElement::Key("idents"),
-                                               StackElement::Index(0)]),
-                    (BooleanValue(true),  vec![StackElement::Key("idents"),
-                                               StackElement::Index(1)]),
-                    (BooleanValue(false), vec![StackElement::Key("idents"),
-                                               StackElement::Index(2)]),
-                  (ArrayEnd,              vec![StackElement::Key("idents")]),
-                (ObjectEnd,               vec![]),
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-    fn last_event(src: &str) -> JsonEvent {
-        let mut parser = Parser::new(src.chars());
-        let mut evt = NullValue;
-        loop {
-            evt = match parser.next() {
-                Some(e) => e,
-                None => return evt,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_read_object_streaming() {
-        assert_eq!(last_event("{ "),      Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 3)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("{1"),      Error(SyntaxError(KeyMustBeAString,      1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("{ \"a\""), Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 6)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\""),  Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 5)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\" "), Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 6)));
-
-        assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\" 1"),   Error(SyntaxError(ExpectedColon,         1, 6)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\":"),    Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingValue,  1, 6)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\":1"),   Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 7)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\":1 1"), Error(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax,         1, 8)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\":1,"),  Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 8)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\":1,}"), Error(SyntaxError(TrailingComma, 1, 8)));
-
-        assert_stream_equal(
-            "{}",
-            vec![(ObjectStart, vec![]), (ObjectEnd, vec![])]
-        );
-        assert_stream_equal(
-            "{\"a\": 3}",
-            vec![
-                (ObjectStart,        vec![]),
-                  (U64Value(3),      vec![StackElement::Key("a")]),
-                (ObjectEnd,          vec![]),
-            ]
-        );
-        assert_stream_equal(
-            "{ \"a\": null, \"b\" : true }",
-            vec![
-                (ObjectStart,           vec![]),
-                  (NullValue,           vec![StackElement::Key("a")]),
-                  (BooleanValue(true),  vec![StackElement::Key("b")]),
-                (ObjectEnd,             vec![]),
-            ]
-        );
-        assert_stream_equal(
-            "{\"a\" : 1.0 ,\"b\": [ true ]}",
-            vec![
-                (ObjectStart,           vec![]),
-                  (F64Value(1.0),       vec![StackElement::Key("a")]),
-                  (ArrayStart,          vec![StackElement::Key("b")]),
-                    (BooleanValue(true),vec![StackElement::Key("b"), StackElement::Index(0)]),
-                  (ArrayEnd,            vec![StackElement::Key("b")]),
-                (ObjectEnd,             vec![]),
-            ]
-        );
-        assert_stream_equal(
-            r#"{
-                "a": 1.0,
-                "b": [
-                    true,
-                    "foo\nbar",
-                    { "c": {"d": null} }
-                ]
-            }"#,
-            vec![
-                (ObjectStart,                   vec![]),
-                  (F64Value(1.0),               vec![StackElement::Key("a")]),
-                  (ArrayStart,                  vec![StackElement::Key("b")]),
-                    (BooleanValue(true),        vec![StackElement::Key("b"),
-                                                     StackElement::Index(0)]),
-                    (StringValue("foo\nbar".to_string()),  vec![StackElement::Key("b"),
-                                                                StackElement::Index(1)]),
-                    (ObjectStart,               vec![StackElement::Key("b"),
-                                                     StackElement::Index(2)]),
-                      (ObjectStart,             vec![StackElement::Key("b"),
-                                                     StackElement::Index(2),
-                                                     StackElement::Key("c")]),
-                        (NullValue,             vec![StackElement::Key("b"),
-                                                     StackElement::Index(2),
-                                                     StackElement::Key("c"),
-                                                     StackElement::Key("d")]),
-                      (ObjectEnd,               vec![StackElement::Key("b"),
-                                                     StackElement::Index(2),
-                                                     StackElement::Key("c")]),
-                    (ObjectEnd,                 vec![StackElement::Key("b"),
-                                                     StackElement::Index(2)]),
-                  (ArrayEnd,                    vec![StackElement::Key("b")]),
-                (ObjectEnd,                     vec![]),
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_read_array_streaming() {
-        assert_stream_equal(
-            "[]",
-            vec![
-                (ArrayStart, vec![]),
-                (ArrayEnd,   vec![]),
-            ]
-        );
-        assert_stream_equal(
-            "[ ]",
-            vec![
-                (ArrayStart, vec![]),
-                (ArrayEnd,   vec![]),
-            ]
-        );
-        assert_stream_equal(
-            "[true]",
-            vec![
-                (ArrayStart,             vec![]),
-                    (BooleanValue(true), vec![StackElement::Index(0)]),
-                (ArrayEnd,               vec![]),
-            ]
-        );
-        assert_stream_equal(
-            "[ false ]",
-            vec![
-                (ArrayStart,              vec![]),
-                    (BooleanValue(false), vec![StackElement::Index(0)]),
-                (ArrayEnd,                vec![]),
-            ]
-        );
-        assert_stream_equal(
-            "[null]",
-            vec![
-                (ArrayStart,    vec![]),
-                    (NullValue, vec![StackElement::Index(0)]),
-                (ArrayEnd,      vec![]),
-            ]
-        );
-        assert_stream_equal(
-            "[3, 1]",
-            vec![
-                (ArrayStart,      vec![]),
-                    (U64Value(3), vec![StackElement::Index(0)]),
-                    (U64Value(1), vec![StackElement::Index(1)]),
-                (ArrayEnd,        vec![]),
-            ]
-        );
-        assert_stream_equal(
-            "\n[3, 2]\n",
-            vec![
-                (ArrayStart,      vec![]),
-                    (U64Value(3), vec![StackElement::Index(0)]),
-                    (U64Value(2), vec![StackElement::Index(1)]),
-                (ArrayEnd,        vec![]),
-            ]
-        );
-        assert_stream_equal(
-            "[2, [4, 1]]",
-            vec![
-                (ArrayStart,           vec![]),
-                    (U64Value(2),      vec![StackElement::Index(0)]),
-                    (ArrayStart,       vec![StackElement::Index(1)]),
-                        (U64Value(4),  vec![StackElement::Index(1), StackElement::Index(0)]),
-                        (U64Value(1),  vec![StackElement::Index(1), StackElement::Index(1)]),
-                    (ArrayEnd,         vec![StackElement::Index(1)]),
-                (ArrayEnd,             vec![]),
-            ]
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(last_event("["), Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingValue, 1,  2)));
-
-        assert_eq!(from_str("["),     Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingValue, 1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[1"),    Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingArray, 1, 3)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[1,"),   Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingValue, 1, 4)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[1,]"),  Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax,        1, 4)));
-        assert_eq!(from_str("[6 7]"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax,        1, 4)));
-
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_trailing_characters_streaming() {
-        assert_eq!(last_event("nulla"),  Error(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 5)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("truea"),  Error(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 5)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("falsea"), Error(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 6)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("1a"),     Error(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("[]a"),    Error(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 3)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("{}a"),    Error(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 3)));
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_read_identifiers_streaming() {
-        assert_eq!(Parser::new("null".chars()).next(), Some(NullValue));
-        assert_eq!(Parser::new("true".chars()).next(), Some(BooleanValue(true)));
-        assert_eq!(Parser::new("false".chars()).next(), Some(BooleanValue(false)));
-
-        assert_eq!(last_event("n"),    Error(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("nul"),  Error(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 4)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("t"),    Error(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("truz"), Error(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 4)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("f"),    Error(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 2)));
-        assert_eq!(last_event("faz"),  Error(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 3)));
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn test_stack() {
         let mut stack = Stack::new();
@@ -3862,76 +2654,6 @@
         assert!(stack.get(1) == StackElement::Key("foo"));
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_to_json() {
-        use std::collections::{HashMap,BTreeMap};
-        use super::ToJson;
-
-        let array2 = Array(vec![U64(1), U64(2)]);
-        let array3 = Array(vec![U64(1), U64(2), U64(3)]);
-        let object = {
-            let mut tree_map = BTreeMap::new();
-            tree_map.insert("a".to_string(), U64(1));
-            tree_map.insert("b".to_string(), U64(2));
-            Object(tree_map)
-        };
-
-        assert_eq!(array2.to_json(), array2);
-        assert_eq!(object.to_json(), object);
-        assert_eq!(3_isize.to_json(), I64(3));
-        assert_eq!(4_i8.to_json(), I64(4));
-        assert_eq!(5_i16.to_json(), I64(5));
-        assert_eq!(6_i32.to_json(), I64(6));
-        assert_eq!(7_i64.to_json(), I64(7));
-        assert_eq!(8_usize.to_json(), U64(8));
-        assert_eq!(9_u8.to_json(), U64(9));
-        assert_eq!(10_u16.to_json(), U64(10));
-        assert_eq!(11_u32.to_json(), U64(11));
-        assert_eq!(12_u64.to_json(), U64(12));
-        assert_eq!(13.0_f32.to_json(), F64(13.0_f64));
-        assert_eq!(14.0_f64.to_json(), F64(14.0_f64));
-        assert_eq!(().to_json(), Null);
-        assert_eq!(f32::INFINITY.to_json(), Null);
-        assert_eq!(f64::NAN.to_json(), Null);
-        assert_eq!(true.to_json(), Boolean(true));
-        assert_eq!(false.to_json(), Boolean(false));
-        assert_eq!("abc".to_json(), String("abc".to_string()));
-        assert_eq!("abc".to_string().to_json(), String("abc".to_string()));
-        assert_eq!((1_usize, 2_usize).to_json(), array2);
-        assert_eq!((1_usize, 2_usize, 3_usize).to_json(), array3);
-        assert_eq!([1_usize, 2_usize].to_json(), array2);
-        assert_eq!((&[1_usize, 2_usize, 3_usize]).to_json(), array3);
-        assert_eq!((vec![1_usize, 2_usize]).to_json(), array2);
-        assert_eq!(vec![1_usize, 2_usize, 3_usize].to_json(), array3);
-        let mut tree_map = BTreeMap::new();
-        tree_map.insert("a".to_string(), 1 as usize);
-        tree_map.insert("b".to_string(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(tree_map.to_json(), object);
-        let mut hash_map = HashMap::new();
-        hash_map.insert("a".to_string(), 1 as usize);
-        hash_map.insert("b".to_string(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(hash_map.to_json(), object);
-        assert_eq!(Some(15).to_json(), I64(15));
-        assert_eq!(Some(15 as usize).to_json(), U64(15));
-        assert_eq!(None::<isize>.to_json(), Null);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_encode_hashmap_with_arbitrary_key() {
-        use std::collections::HashMap;
-        #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, RustcEncodable)]
-        struct ArbitraryType(usize);
-        let mut hm: HashMap<ArbitraryType, bool> = HashMap::new();
-        hm.insert(ArbitraryType(1), true);
-        let mut mem_buf = string::String::new();
-        let mut encoder = Encoder::new(&mut mem_buf);
-        let result = hm.encode(&mut encoder);
-        match result.unwrap_err() {
-            EncoderError::BadHashmapKey => (),
-            _ => panic!("expected bad hash map key")
-        }
-    }
-
     #[bench]
     fn bench_streaming_small(b: &mut Bencher) {
         b.iter( || {
diff --git a/src/libserialize/lib.rs b/src/libserialize/lib.rs
index fe93a2d..b8eeb4d 100644
--- a/src/libserialize/lib.rs
+++ b/src/libserialize/lib.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
        html_playground_url = "https://play.rust-lang.org/",
        test(attr(allow(unused_variables), deny(warnings))))]
 
+#![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
+
 #![feature(box_syntax)]
 #![feature(core_intrinsics)]
 #![feature(specialization)]
@@ -20,8 +22,6 @@
 pub use self::serialize::{SpecializationError, SpecializedEncoder, SpecializedDecoder};
 pub use self::serialize::{UseSpecializedEncodable, UseSpecializedDecodable};
 
-extern crate smallvec;
-
 mod serialize;
 mod collection_impls;
 
@@ -30,7 +30,3 @@
 
 pub mod opaque;
 pub mod leb128;
-
-mod rustc_serialize {
-    pub use serialize::*;
-}
diff --git a/src/libserialize/opaque.rs b/src/libserialize/opaque.rs
index b8d4f8a..a6a5c31 100644
--- a/src/libserialize/opaque.rs
+++ b/src/libserialize/opaque.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use leb128::{self, read_signed_leb128, write_signed_leb128};
+use crate::leb128::{self, read_signed_leb128, write_signed_leb128};
+use crate::serialize;
 use std::borrow::Cow;
-use serialize;
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Encoder
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn read_str(&mut self) -> Result<Cow<str>, Self::Error> {
+    fn read_str(&mut self) -> Result<Cow<'_, str>, Self::Error> {
         let len = self.read_usize()?;
         let s = ::std::str::from_utf8(&self.data[self.position..self.position + len]).unwrap();
         self.position += len;
@@ -324,288 +324,3 @@
         err.to_string()
     }
 }
-
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use serialize::{Encodable, Decodable};
-    use std::fmt::Debug;
-    use super::{Encoder, Decoder};
-
-    #[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Debug, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable)]
-    struct Struct {
-        a: (),
-        b: u8,
-        c: u16,
-        d: u32,
-        e: u64,
-        f: usize,
-
-        g: i8,
-        h: i16,
-        i: i32,
-        j: i64,
-        k: isize,
-
-        l: char,
-        m: String,
-        n: f32,
-        o: f64,
-        p: bool,
-        q: Option<u32>,
-    }
-
-
-    fn check_round_trip<T: Encodable + Decodable + PartialEq + Debug>(values: Vec<T>) {
-        let mut encoder = Encoder::new(Vec::new());
-
-        for value in &values {
-            Encodable::encode(&value, &mut encoder).unwrap();
-        }
-
-        let data = encoder.into_inner();
-        let mut decoder = Decoder::new(&data[..], 0);
-
-        for value in values {
-            let decoded = Decodable::decode(&mut decoder).unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(value, decoded);
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_unit() {
-        check_round_trip(vec![(), (), (), ()]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_u8() {
-        let mut vec = vec![];
-        for i in ::std::u8::MIN..::std::u8::MAX {
-            vec.push(i);
-        }
-        check_round_trip(vec);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_u16() {
-        for i in ::std::u16::MIN..::std::u16::MAX {
-            check_round_trip(vec![1, 2, 3, i, i, i]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_u32() {
-        check_round_trip(vec![1, 2, 3, ::std::u32::MIN, 0, 1, ::std::u32::MAX, 2, 1]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_u64() {
-        check_round_trip(vec![1, 2, 3, ::std::u64::MIN, 0, 1, ::std::u64::MAX, 2, 1]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_usize() {
-        check_round_trip(vec![1, 2, 3, ::std::usize::MIN, 0, 1, ::std::usize::MAX, 2, 1]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_i8() {
-        let mut vec = vec![];
-        for i in ::std::i8::MIN..::std::i8::MAX {
-            vec.push(i);
-        }
-        check_round_trip(vec);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_i16() {
-        for i in ::std::i16::MIN..::std::i16::MAX {
-            check_round_trip(vec![-1, 2, -3, i, i, i, 2]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_i32() {
-        check_round_trip(vec![-1, 2, -3, ::std::i32::MIN, 0, 1, ::std::i32::MAX, 2, 1]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_i64() {
-        check_round_trip(vec![-1, 2, -3, ::std::i64::MIN, 0, 1, ::std::i64::MAX, 2, 1]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_isize() {
-        check_round_trip(vec![-1, 2, -3, ::std::isize::MIN, 0, 1, ::std::isize::MAX, 2, 1]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_bool() {
-        check_round_trip(vec![false, true, true, false, false]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_f32() {
-        let mut vec = vec![];
-        for i in -100..100 {
-            vec.push((i as f32) / 3.0);
-        }
-        check_round_trip(vec);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_f64() {
-        let mut vec = vec![];
-        for i in -100..100 {
-            vec.push((i as f64) / 3.0);
-        }
-        check_round_trip(vec);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_char() {
-        let vec = vec!['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'A', 'X', ' ', '#', 'Ö', 'Ä', 'µ', '€'];
-        check_round_trip(vec);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_string() {
-        let vec = vec!["abcbuÖeiovÄnameÜavmpßvmea€µsbpnvapeapmaebn".to_string(),
-                       "abcbuÖganeiovÄnameÜavmpßvmea€µsbpnvapeapmaebn".to_string(),
-                       "abcbuÖganeiovÄnameÜavmpßvmea€µsbpapmaebn".to_string(),
-                       "abcbuÖganeiovÄnameÜavmpßvmeabpnvapeapmaebn".to_string(),
-                       "abcbuÖganeiÄnameÜavmpßvmea€µsbpnvapeapmaebn".to_string(),
-                       "abcbuÖganeiovÄnameÜavmpßvmea€µsbpmaebn".to_string(),
-                       "abcbuÖganeiovÄnameÜavmpßvmea€µnvapeapmaebn".to_string()];
-
-        check_round_trip(vec);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_option() {
-        check_round_trip(vec![Some(-1i8)]);
-        check_round_trip(vec![Some(-2i16)]);
-        check_round_trip(vec![Some(-3i32)]);
-        check_round_trip(vec![Some(-4i64)]);
-        check_round_trip(vec![Some(-5isize)]);
-
-        let none_i8: Option<i8> = None;
-        check_round_trip(vec![none_i8]);
-
-        let none_i16: Option<i16> = None;
-        check_round_trip(vec![none_i16]);
-
-        let none_i32: Option<i32> = None;
-        check_round_trip(vec![none_i32]);
-
-        let none_i64: Option<i64> = None;
-        check_round_trip(vec![none_i64]);
-
-        let none_isize: Option<isize> = None;
-        check_round_trip(vec![none_isize]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_struct() {
-        check_round_trip(vec![Struct {
-                                  a: (),
-                                  b: 10,
-                                  c: 11,
-                                  d: 12,
-                                  e: 13,
-                                  f: 14,
-
-                                  g: 15,
-                                  h: 16,
-                                  i: 17,
-                                  j: 18,
-                                  k: 19,
-
-                                  l: 'x',
-                                  m: "abc".to_string(),
-                                  n: 20.5,
-                                  o: 21.5,
-                                  p: false,
-                                  q: None,
-                              }]);
-
-        check_round_trip(vec![Struct {
-                                  a: (),
-                                  b: 101,
-                                  c: 111,
-                                  d: 121,
-                                  e: 131,
-                                  f: 141,
-
-                                  g: -15,
-                                  h: -16,
-                                  i: -17,
-                                  j: -18,
-                                  k: -19,
-
-                                  l: 'y',
-                                  m: "def".to_string(),
-                                  n: -20.5,
-                                  o: -21.5,
-                                  p: true,
-                                  q: Some(1234567),
-                              }]);
-    }
-
-    #[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Debug, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable)]
-    enum Enum {
-        Variant1,
-        Variant2(usize, f32),
-        Variant3 {
-            a: i32,
-            b: char,
-            c: bool,
-        },
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_enum() {
-        check_round_trip(vec![Enum::Variant1,
-                              Enum::Variant2(1, 2.5),
-                              Enum::Variant3 {
-                                  a: 3,
-                                  b: 'b',
-                                  c: false,
-                              },
-                              Enum::Variant3 {
-                                  a: -4,
-                                  b: 'f',
-                                  c: true,
-                              }]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_sequence() {
-        let mut vec = vec![];
-        for i in -100i64..100i64 {
-            vec.push(i * 100000);
-        }
-
-        check_round_trip(vec![vec]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_hash_map() {
-        use std::collections::HashMap;
-        let mut map = HashMap::new();
-        for i in -100i64..100i64 {
-            map.insert(i * 100000, i * 10000);
-        }
-
-        check_round_trip(vec![map]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_tuples() {
-        check_round_trip(vec![('x', (), false, 0.5f32)]);
-        check_round_trip(vec![(9i8, 10u16, 1.5f64)]);
-        check_round_trip(vec![(-12i16, 11u8, 12usize)]);
-        check_round_trip(vec![(1234567isize, 100000000000000u64, 99999999999999i64)]);
-        check_round_trip(vec![(String::new(), "some string".to_string())]);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/libserialize/serialize.rs b/src/libserialize/serialize.rs
index 03844b3..977a36a 100644
--- a/src/libserialize/serialize.rs
+++ b/src/libserialize/serialize.rs
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
     fn read_f64(&mut self) -> Result<f64, Self::Error>;
     fn read_f32(&mut self) -> Result<f32, Self::Error>;
     fn read_char(&mut self) -> Result<char, Self::Error>;
-    fn read_str(&mut self) -> Result<Cow<str>, Self::Error>;
+    fn read_str(&mut self) -> Result<Cow<'_, str>, Self::Error>;
 
     // Compound types:
     fn read_enum<T, F>(&mut self, _name: &str, f: F) -> Result<T, Self::Error>
diff --git a/src/libserialize/tests/json.rs b/src/libserialize/tests/json.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fb6bda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libserialize/tests/json.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1282 @@
+extern crate serialize as rustc_serialize;
+
+use rustc_serialize::{Encodable, Decodable};
+use rustc_serialize::json;
+use json::Json::*;
+use json::ErrorCode::*;
+use json::ParserError::*;
+use json::DecoderError::*;
+use json::JsonEvent::*;
+use json::{Json, from_str, DecodeResult, DecoderError, JsonEvent, Parser, StackElement,
+           Decoder, Encoder, EncoderError};
+
+use Animal::*;
+use std::{i64, u64, f32, f64};
+use std::io::prelude::*;
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::string;
+
+#[derive(RustcDecodable, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+struct OptionData {
+    opt: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_option_none() {
+    let s ="{}";
+    let obj: OptionData = json::decode(s).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(obj, OptionData { opt: None });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_option_some() {
+    let s = "{ \"opt\": 10 }";
+    let obj: OptionData = json::decode(s).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(obj, OptionData { opt: Some(10) });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_option_malformed() {
+    check_err::<OptionData>("{ \"opt\": [] }",
+                            ExpectedError("Number".to_string(), "[]".to_string()));
+    check_err::<OptionData>("{ \"opt\": false }",
+                            ExpectedError("Number".to_string(), "false".to_string()));
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Debug)]
+enum Animal {
+    Dog,
+    Frog(string::String, isize)
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Debug)]
+struct Inner {
+    a: (),
+    b: usize,
+    c: Vec<string::String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Debug)]
+struct Outer {
+    inner: Vec<Inner>,
+}
+
+fn mk_object(items: &[(string::String, Json)]) -> Json {
+    let mut d = BTreeMap::new();
+
+    for item in items {
+        match *item {
+            (ref key, ref value) => { d.insert((*key).clone(), (*value).clone()); },
+        }
+    };
+
+    Object(d)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_from_str_trait() {
+    let s = "null";
+    assert!(s.parse::<Json>().unwrap() == s.parse().unwrap());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_write_null() {
+    assert_eq!(Null.to_string(), "null");
+    assert_eq!(Null.pretty().to_string(), "null");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_write_i64() {
+    assert_eq!(U64(0).to_string(), "0");
+    assert_eq!(U64(0).pretty().to_string(), "0");
+
+    assert_eq!(U64(1234).to_string(), "1234");
+    assert_eq!(U64(1234).pretty().to_string(), "1234");
+
+    assert_eq!(I64(-5678).to_string(), "-5678");
+    assert_eq!(I64(-5678).pretty().to_string(), "-5678");
+
+    assert_eq!(U64(7650007200025252000).to_string(), "7650007200025252000");
+    assert_eq!(U64(7650007200025252000).pretty().to_string(), "7650007200025252000");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_write_f64() {
+    assert_eq!(F64(3.0).to_string(), "3.0");
+    assert_eq!(F64(3.0).pretty().to_string(), "3.0");
+
+    assert_eq!(F64(3.1).to_string(), "3.1");
+    assert_eq!(F64(3.1).pretty().to_string(), "3.1");
+
+    assert_eq!(F64(-1.5).to_string(), "-1.5");
+    assert_eq!(F64(-1.5).pretty().to_string(), "-1.5");
+
+    assert_eq!(F64(0.5).to_string(), "0.5");
+    assert_eq!(F64(0.5).pretty().to_string(), "0.5");
+
+    assert_eq!(F64(f64::NAN).to_string(), "null");
+    assert_eq!(F64(f64::NAN).pretty().to_string(), "null");
+
+    assert_eq!(F64(f64::INFINITY).to_string(), "null");
+    assert_eq!(F64(f64::INFINITY).pretty().to_string(), "null");
+
+    assert_eq!(F64(f64::NEG_INFINITY).to_string(), "null");
+    assert_eq!(F64(f64::NEG_INFINITY).pretty().to_string(), "null");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_write_str() {
+    assert_eq!(String("".to_string()).to_string(), "\"\"");
+    assert_eq!(String("".to_string()).pretty().to_string(), "\"\"");
+
+    assert_eq!(String("homura".to_string()).to_string(), "\"homura\"");
+    assert_eq!(String("madoka".to_string()).pretty().to_string(), "\"madoka\"");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_write_bool() {
+    assert_eq!(Boolean(true).to_string(), "true");
+    assert_eq!(Boolean(true).pretty().to_string(), "true");
+
+    assert_eq!(Boolean(false).to_string(), "false");
+    assert_eq!(Boolean(false).pretty().to_string(), "false");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_write_array() {
+    assert_eq!(Array(vec![]).to_string(), "[]");
+    assert_eq!(Array(vec![]).pretty().to_string(), "[]");
+
+    assert_eq!(Array(vec![Boolean(true)]).to_string(), "[true]");
+    assert_eq!(
+        Array(vec![Boolean(true)]).pretty().to_string(),
+        "\
+        [\n  \
+            true\n\
+        ]"
+    );
+
+    let long_test_array = Array(vec![
+        Boolean(false),
+        Null,
+        Array(vec![String("foo\nbar".to_string()), F64(3.5)])]);
+
+    assert_eq!(long_test_array.to_string(),
+        "[false,null,[\"foo\\nbar\",3.5]]");
+    assert_eq!(
+        long_test_array.pretty().to_string(),
+        "\
+        [\n  \
+            false,\n  \
+            null,\n  \
+            [\n    \
+                \"foo\\nbar\",\n    \
+                3.5\n  \
+            ]\n\
+        ]"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_write_object() {
+    assert_eq!(mk_object(&[]).to_string(), "{}");
+    assert_eq!(mk_object(&[]).pretty().to_string(), "{}");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        mk_object(&[
+            ("a".to_string(), Boolean(true))
+        ]).to_string(),
+        "{\"a\":true}"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        mk_object(&[("a".to_string(), Boolean(true))]).pretty().to_string(),
+        "\
+        {\n  \
+            \"a\": true\n\
+        }"
+    );
+
+    let complex_obj = mk_object(&[
+            ("b".to_string(), Array(vec![
+                mk_object(&[("c".to_string(), String("\x0c\r".to_string()))]),
+                mk_object(&[("d".to_string(), String("".to_string()))])
+            ]))
+        ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        complex_obj.to_string(),
+        "{\
+            \"b\":[\
+                {\"c\":\"\\f\\r\"},\
+                {\"d\":\"\"}\
+            ]\
+        }"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        complex_obj.pretty().to_string(),
+        "\
+        {\n  \
+            \"b\": [\n    \
+                {\n      \
+                    \"c\": \"\\f\\r\"\n    \
+                },\n    \
+                {\n      \
+                    \"d\": \"\"\n    \
+                }\n  \
+            ]\n\
+        }"
+    );
+
+    let a = mk_object(&[
+        ("a".to_string(), Boolean(true)),
+        ("b".to_string(), Array(vec![
+            mk_object(&[("c".to_string(), String("\x0c\r".to_string()))]),
+            mk_object(&[("d".to_string(), String("".to_string()))])
+        ]))
+    ]);
+
+    // We can't compare the strings directly because the object fields be
+    // printed in a different order.
+    assert_eq!(a.clone(), a.to_string().parse().unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(a.clone(), a.pretty().to_string().parse().unwrap());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_write_enum() {
+    let animal = Dog;
+    assert_eq!(
+        json::as_json(&animal).to_string(),
+        "\"Dog\""
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        json::as_pretty_json(&animal).to_string(),
+        "\"Dog\""
+    );
+
+    let animal = Frog("Henry".to_string(), 349);
+    assert_eq!(
+        json::as_json(&animal).to_string(),
+        "{\"variant\":\"Frog\",\"fields\":[\"Henry\",349]}"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        json::as_pretty_json(&animal).to_string(),
+        "{\n  \
+           \"variant\": \"Frog\",\n  \
+           \"fields\": [\n    \
+             \"Henry\",\n    \
+             349\n  \
+           ]\n\
+         }"
+    );
+}
+
+macro_rules! check_encoder_for_simple {
+    ($value:expr, $expected:expr) => ({
+        let s = json::as_json(&$value).to_string();
+        assert_eq!(s, $expected);
+
+        let s = json::as_pretty_json(&$value).to_string();
+        assert_eq!(s, $expected);
+    })
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_write_some() {
+    check_encoder_for_simple!(Some("jodhpurs".to_string()), "\"jodhpurs\"");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_write_none() {
+    check_encoder_for_simple!(None::<string::String>, "null");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_write_char() {
+    check_encoder_for_simple!('a', "\"a\"");
+    check_encoder_for_simple!('\t', "\"\\t\"");
+    check_encoder_for_simple!('\u{0000}', "\"\\u0000\"");
+    check_encoder_for_simple!('\u{001b}', "\"\\u001b\"");
+    check_encoder_for_simple!('\u{007f}', "\"\\u007f\"");
+    check_encoder_for_simple!('\u{00a0}', "\"\u{00a0}\"");
+    check_encoder_for_simple!('\u{abcd}', "\"\u{abcd}\"");
+    check_encoder_for_simple!('\u{10ffff}', "\"\u{10ffff}\"");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_trailing_characters() {
+    assert_eq!(from_str("nulla"),  Err(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 5)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("truea"),  Err(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 5)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("falsea"), Err(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 6)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("1a"),     Err(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[]a"),    Err(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 3)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{}a"),    Err(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 3)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_read_identifiers() {
+    assert_eq!(from_str("n"),    Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("nul"),  Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 4)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("t"),    Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("truz"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 4)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("f"),    Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("faz"),  Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 3)));
+
+    assert_eq!(from_str("null"), Ok(Null));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("true"), Ok(Boolean(true)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("false"), Ok(Boolean(false)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str(" null "), Ok(Null));
+    assert_eq!(from_str(" true "), Ok(Boolean(true)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str(" false "), Ok(Boolean(false)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_identifiers() {
+    let v: () = json::decode("null").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, ());
+
+    let v: bool = json::decode("true").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, true);
+
+    let v: bool = json::decode("false").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, false);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_read_number() {
+    assert_eq!(from_str("+"),   Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 1)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("."),   Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 1)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("NaN"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 1)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("-"),   Err(SyntaxError(InvalidNumber, 1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("00"),  Err(SyntaxError(InvalidNumber, 1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("1."),  Err(SyntaxError(InvalidNumber, 1, 3)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("1e"),  Err(SyntaxError(InvalidNumber, 1, 3)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("1e+"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidNumber, 1, 4)));
+
+    assert_eq!(from_str("18446744073709551616"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidNumber, 1, 20)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("-9223372036854775809"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidNumber, 1, 21)));
+
+    assert_eq!(from_str("3"), Ok(U64(3)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("3.1"), Ok(F64(3.1)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("-1.2"), Ok(F64(-1.2)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("0.4"), Ok(F64(0.4)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("0.4e5"), Ok(F64(0.4e5)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("0.4e+15"), Ok(F64(0.4e15)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("0.4e-01"), Ok(F64(0.4e-01)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str(" 3 "), Ok(U64(3)));
+
+    assert_eq!(from_str("-9223372036854775808"), Ok(I64(i64::MIN)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("9223372036854775807"), Ok(U64(i64::MAX as u64)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("18446744073709551615"), Ok(U64(u64::MAX)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_numbers() {
+    let v: f64 = json::decode("3").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, 3.0);
+
+    let v: f64 = json::decode("3.1").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, 3.1);
+
+    let v: f64 = json::decode("-1.2").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, -1.2);
+
+    let v: f64 = json::decode("0.4").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, 0.4);
+
+    let v: f64 = json::decode("0.4e5").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, 0.4e5);
+
+    let v: f64 = json::decode("0.4e15").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, 0.4e15);
+
+    let v: f64 = json::decode("0.4e-01").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, 0.4e-01);
+
+    let v: u64 = json::decode("0").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, 0);
+
+    let v: u64 = json::decode("18446744073709551615").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, u64::MAX);
+
+    let v: i64 = json::decode("-9223372036854775808").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, i64::MIN);
+
+    let v: i64 = json::decode("9223372036854775807").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, i64::MAX);
+
+    let res: DecodeResult<i64> = json::decode("765.25");
+    assert_eq!(res, Err(ExpectedError("Integer".to_string(),
+                                      "765.25".to_string())));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_read_str() {
+    assert_eq!(from_str("\""),    Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingString, 1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("\"lol"), Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingString, 1, 5)));
+
+    assert_eq!(from_str("\"\""), Ok(String("".to_string())));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("\"foo\""), Ok(String("foo".to_string())));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("\"\\\"\""), Ok(String("\"".to_string())));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("\"\\b\""), Ok(String("\x08".to_string())));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("\"\\n\""), Ok(String("\n".to_string())));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("\"\\r\""), Ok(String("\r".to_string())));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("\"\\t\""), Ok(String("\t".to_string())));
+    assert_eq!(from_str(" \"foo\" "), Ok(String("foo".to_string())));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("\"\\u12ab\""), Ok(String("\u{12ab}".to_string())));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("\"\\uAB12\""), Ok(String("\u{AB12}".to_string())));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_str() {
+    let s = [("\"\"", ""),
+             ("\"foo\"", "foo"),
+             ("\"\\\"\"", "\""),
+             ("\"\\b\"", "\x08"),
+             ("\"\\n\"", "\n"),
+             ("\"\\r\"", "\r"),
+             ("\"\\t\"", "\t"),
+             ("\"\\u12ab\"", "\u{12ab}"),
+             ("\"\\uAB12\"", "\u{AB12}")];
+
+    for &(i, o) in &s {
+        let v: string::String = json::decode(i).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v, o);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_read_array() {
+    assert_eq!(from_str("["),     Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingValue, 1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[1"),    Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingArray, 1, 3)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[1,"),   Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingValue, 1, 4)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[1,]"),  Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax,        1, 4)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[6 7]"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax,        1, 4)));
+
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[]"), Ok(Array(vec![])));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[ ]"), Ok(Array(vec![])));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[true]"), Ok(Array(vec![Boolean(true)])));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[ false ]"), Ok(Array(vec![Boolean(false)])));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[null]"), Ok(Array(vec![Null])));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[3, 1]"),
+                 Ok(Array(vec![U64(3), U64(1)])));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("\n[3, 2]\n"),
+                 Ok(Array(vec![U64(3), U64(2)])));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[2, [4, 1]]"),
+           Ok(Array(vec![U64(2), Array(vec![U64(4), U64(1)])])));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_array() {
+    let v: Vec<()> = json::decode("[]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, []);
+
+    let v: Vec<()> = json::decode("[null]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, [()]);
+
+    let v: Vec<bool> = json::decode("[true]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, [true]);
+
+    let v: Vec<isize> = json::decode("[3, 1]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, [3, 1]);
+
+    let v: Vec<Vec<usize>> = json::decode("[[3], [1, 2]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, [vec![3], vec![1, 2]]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_tuple() {
+    let t: (usize, usize, usize) = json::decode("[1, 2, 3]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(t, (1, 2, 3));
+
+    let t: (usize, string::String) = json::decode("[1, \"two\"]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(t, (1, "two".to_string()));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_tuple_malformed_types() {
+    assert!(json::decode::<(usize, string::String)>("[1, 2]").is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_tuple_malformed_length() {
+    assert!(json::decode::<(usize, usize)>("[1, 2, 3]").is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_read_object() {
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{"),       Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{ "),      Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 3)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{1"),      Err(SyntaxError(KeyMustBeAString,      1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{ \"a\""), Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 6)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\""),  Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 5)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\" "), Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 6)));
+
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\" 1"),   Err(SyntaxError(ExpectedColon,         1, 6)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\":"),    Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingValue,  1, 6)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\":1"),   Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 7)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\":1 1"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax,         1, 8)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\":1,"),  Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 8)));
+
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{}").unwrap(), mk_object(&[]));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{\"a\": 3}").unwrap(),
+                mk_object(&[("a".to_string(), U64(3))]));
+
+    assert_eq!(from_str(
+                    "{ \"a\": null, \"b\" : true }").unwrap(),
+                mk_object(&[
+                    ("a".to_string(), Null),
+                    ("b".to_string(), Boolean(true))]));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("\n{ \"a\": null, \"b\" : true }\n").unwrap(),
+                mk_object(&[
+                    ("a".to_string(), Null),
+                    ("b".to_string(), Boolean(true))]));
+    assert_eq!(from_str(
+                    "{\"a\" : 1.0 ,\"b\": [ true ]}").unwrap(),
+                mk_object(&[
+                    ("a".to_string(), F64(1.0)),
+                    ("b".to_string(), Array(vec![Boolean(true)]))
+                ]));
+    assert_eq!(from_str(
+                    "{\
+                        \"a\": 1.0, \
+                        \"b\": [\
+                            true,\
+                            \"foo\\nbar\", \
+                            { \"c\": {\"d\": null} } \
+                        ]\
+                    }").unwrap(),
+                mk_object(&[
+                    ("a".to_string(), F64(1.0)),
+                    ("b".to_string(), Array(vec![
+                        Boolean(true),
+                        String("foo\nbar".to_string()),
+                        mk_object(&[
+                            ("c".to_string(), mk_object(&[("d".to_string(), Null)]))
+                        ])
+                    ]))
+                ]));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_struct() {
+    let s = "{
+        \"inner\": [
+            { \"a\": null, \"b\": 2, \"c\": [\"abc\", \"xyz\"] }
+        ]
+    }";
+
+    let v: Outer = json::decode(s).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        v,
+        Outer {
+            inner: vec![
+                Inner { a: (), b: 2, c: vec!["abc".to_string(), "xyz".to_string()] }
+            ]
+        }
+    );
+}
+
+#[derive(RustcDecodable)]
+struct FloatStruct {
+    f: f64,
+    a: Vec<f64>
+}
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_struct_with_nan() {
+    let s = "{\"f\":null,\"a\":[null,123]}";
+    let obj: FloatStruct = json::decode(s).unwrap();
+    assert!(obj.f.is_nan());
+    assert!(obj.a[0].is_nan());
+    assert_eq!(obj.a[1], 123f64);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_option() {
+    let value: Option<string::String> = json::decode("null").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(value, None);
+
+    let value: Option<string::String> = json::decode("\"jodhpurs\"").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(value, Some("jodhpurs".to_string()));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_enum() {
+    let value: Animal = json::decode("\"Dog\"").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(value, Dog);
+
+    let s = "{\"variant\":\"Frog\",\"fields\":[\"Henry\",349]}";
+    let value: Animal = json::decode(s).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(value, Frog("Henry".to_string(), 349));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_map() {
+    let s = "{\"a\": \"Dog\", \"b\": {\"variant\":\"Frog\",\
+              \"fields\":[\"Henry\", 349]}}";
+    let mut map: BTreeMap<string::String, Animal> = json::decode(s).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(map.remove(&"a".to_string()), Some(Dog));
+    assert_eq!(map.remove(&"b".to_string()), Some(Frog("Henry".to_string(), 349)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_multiline_errors() {
+    assert_eq!(from_str("{\n  \"foo\":\n \"bar\""),
+        Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 3, 8)));
+}
+
+#[derive(RustcDecodable)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+struct DecodeStruct {
+    x: f64,
+    y: bool,
+    z: string::String,
+    w: Vec<DecodeStruct>
+}
+#[derive(RustcDecodable)]
+enum DecodeEnum {
+    A(f64),
+    B(string::String)
+}
+fn check_err<T: Decodable>(to_parse: &'static str, expected: DecoderError) {
+    let res: DecodeResult<T> = match from_str(to_parse) {
+        Err(e) => Err(ParseError(e)),
+        Ok(json) => Decodable::decode(&mut Decoder::new(json))
+    };
+    match res {
+        Ok(_) => panic!("`{:?}` parsed & decoded ok, expecting error `{:?}`",
+                           to_parse, expected),
+        Err(ParseError(e)) => panic!("`{:?}` is not valid json: {:?}",
+                                        to_parse, e),
+        Err(e) => {
+            assert_eq!(e, expected);
+        }
+    }
+}
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_errors_struct() {
+    check_err::<DecodeStruct>("[]", ExpectedError("Object".to_string(), "[]".to_string()));
+    check_err::<DecodeStruct>("{\"x\": true, \"y\": true, \"z\": \"\", \"w\": []}",
+                              ExpectedError("Number".to_string(), "true".to_string()));
+    check_err::<DecodeStruct>("{\"x\": 1, \"y\": [], \"z\": \"\", \"w\": []}",
+                              ExpectedError("Boolean".to_string(), "[]".to_string()));
+    check_err::<DecodeStruct>("{\"x\": 1, \"y\": true, \"z\": {}, \"w\": []}",
+                              ExpectedError("String".to_string(), "{}".to_string()));
+    check_err::<DecodeStruct>("{\"x\": 1, \"y\": true, \"z\": \"\", \"w\": null}",
+                              ExpectedError("Array".to_string(), "null".to_string()));
+    check_err::<DecodeStruct>("{\"x\": 1, \"y\": true, \"z\": \"\"}",
+                              MissingFieldError("w".to_string()));
+}
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_errors_enum() {
+    check_err::<DecodeEnum>("{}",
+                            MissingFieldError("variant".to_string()));
+    check_err::<DecodeEnum>("{\"variant\": 1}",
+                            ExpectedError("String".to_string(), "1".to_string()));
+    check_err::<DecodeEnum>("{\"variant\": \"A\"}",
+                            MissingFieldError("fields".to_string()));
+    check_err::<DecodeEnum>("{\"variant\": \"A\", \"fields\": null}",
+                            ExpectedError("Array".to_string(), "null".to_string()));
+    check_err::<DecodeEnum>("{\"variant\": \"C\", \"fields\": []}",
+                            UnknownVariantError("C".to_string()));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_find(){
+    let json_value = from_str("{\"dog\" : \"cat\"}").unwrap();
+    let found_str = json_value.find("dog");
+    assert!(found_str.unwrap().as_string().unwrap() == "cat");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_find_path(){
+    let json_value = from_str("{\"dog\":{\"cat\": {\"mouse\" : \"cheese\"}}}").unwrap();
+    let found_str = json_value.find_path(&["dog", "cat", "mouse"]);
+    assert!(found_str.unwrap().as_string().unwrap() == "cheese");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_search(){
+    let json_value = from_str("{\"dog\":{\"cat\": {\"mouse\" : \"cheese\"}}}").unwrap();
+    let found_str = json_value.search("mouse").and_then(|j| j.as_string());
+    assert!(found_str.unwrap() == "cheese");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_index(){
+    let json_value = from_str("{\"animals\":[\"dog\",\"cat\",\"mouse\"]}").unwrap();
+    let ref array = json_value["animals"];
+    assert_eq!(array[0].as_string().unwrap(), "dog");
+    assert_eq!(array[1].as_string().unwrap(), "cat");
+    assert_eq!(array[2].as_string().unwrap(), "mouse");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_is_object(){
+    let json_value = from_str("{}").unwrap();
+    assert!(json_value.is_object());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_as_object(){
+    let json_value = from_str("{}").unwrap();
+    let json_object = json_value.as_object();
+    assert!(json_object.is_some());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_is_array(){
+    let json_value = from_str("[1, 2, 3]").unwrap();
+    assert!(json_value.is_array());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_as_array(){
+    let json_value = from_str("[1, 2, 3]").unwrap();
+    let json_array = json_value.as_array();
+    let expected_length = 3;
+    assert!(json_array.is_some() && json_array.unwrap().len() == expected_length);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_is_string(){
+    let json_value = from_str("\"dog\"").unwrap();
+    assert!(json_value.is_string());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_as_string(){
+    let json_value = from_str("\"dog\"").unwrap();
+    let json_str = json_value.as_string();
+    let expected_str = "dog";
+    assert_eq!(json_str, Some(expected_str));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_is_number(){
+    let json_value = from_str("12").unwrap();
+    assert!(json_value.is_number());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_is_i64(){
+    let json_value = from_str("-12").unwrap();
+    assert!(json_value.is_i64());
+
+    let json_value = from_str("12").unwrap();
+    assert!(!json_value.is_i64());
+
+    let json_value = from_str("12.0").unwrap();
+    assert!(!json_value.is_i64());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_is_u64(){
+    let json_value = from_str("12").unwrap();
+    assert!(json_value.is_u64());
+
+    let json_value = from_str("-12").unwrap();
+    assert!(!json_value.is_u64());
+
+    let json_value = from_str("12.0").unwrap();
+    assert!(!json_value.is_u64());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_is_f64(){
+    let json_value = from_str("12").unwrap();
+    assert!(!json_value.is_f64());
+
+    let json_value = from_str("-12").unwrap();
+    assert!(!json_value.is_f64());
+
+    let json_value = from_str("12.0").unwrap();
+    assert!(json_value.is_f64());
+
+    let json_value = from_str("-12.0").unwrap();
+    assert!(json_value.is_f64());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_as_i64(){
+    let json_value = from_str("-12").unwrap();
+    let json_num = json_value.as_i64();
+    assert_eq!(json_num, Some(-12));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_as_u64(){
+    let json_value = from_str("12").unwrap();
+    let json_num = json_value.as_u64();
+    assert_eq!(json_num, Some(12));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_as_f64(){
+    let json_value = from_str("12.0").unwrap();
+    let json_num = json_value.as_f64();
+    assert_eq!(json_num, Some(12f64));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_is_boolean(){
+    let json_value = from_str("false").unwrap();
+    assert!(json_value.is_boolean());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_as_boolean(){
+    let json_value = from_str("false").unwrap();
+    let json_bool = json_value.as_boolean();
+    let expected_bool = false;
+    assert!(json_bool.is_some() && json_bool.unwrap() == expected_bool);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_is_null(){
+    let json_value = from_str("null").unwrap();
+    assert!(json_value.is_null());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_as_null(){
+    let json_value = from_str("null").unwrap();
+    let json_null = json_value.as_null();
+    let expected_null = ();
+    assert!(json_null.is_some() && json_null.unwrap() == expected_null);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_encode_hashmap_with_numeric_key() {
+    use std::str::from_utf8;
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+    let mut hm: HashMap<usize, bool> = HashMap::new();
+    hm.insert(1, true);
+    let mut mem_buf = Vec::new();
+    write!(&mut mem_buf, "{}", json::as_pretty_json(&hm)).unwrap();
+    let json_str = from_utf8(&mem_buf[..]).unwrap();
+    match from_str(json_str) {
+        Err(_) => panic!("Unable to parse json_str: {:?}", json_str),
+        _ => {} // it parsed and we are good to go
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_prettyencode_hashmap_with_numeric_key() {
+    use std::str::from_utf8;
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+    let mut hm: HashMap<usize, bool> = HashMap::new();
+    hm.insert(1, true);
+    let mut mem_buf = Vec::new();
+    write!(&mut mem_buf, "{}", json::as_pretty_json(&hm)).unwrap();
+    let json_str = from_utf8(&mem_buf[..]).unwrap();
+    match from_str(json_str) {
+        Err(_) => panic!("Unable to parse json_str: {:?}", json_str),
+        _ => {} // it parsed and we are good to go
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_prettyencoder_indent_level_param() {
+    use std::str::from_utf8;
+    use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+    let mut tree = BTreeMap::new();
+
+    tree.insert("hello".to_string(), String("guten tag".to_string()));
+    tree.insert("goodbye".to_string(), String("sayonara".to_string()));
+
+    let json = Array(
+        // The following layout below should look a lot like
+        // the pretty-printed JSON (indent * x)
+        vec!
+        ( // 0x
+            String("greetings".to_string()), // 1x
+            Object(tree), // 1x + 2x + 2x + 1x
+        ) // 0x
+        // End JSON array (7 lines)
+    );
+
+    // Helper function for counting indents
+    fn indents(source: &str) -> usize {
+        let trimmed = source.trim_start_matches(' ');
+        source.len() - trimmed.len()
+    }
+
+    // Test up to 4 spaces of indents (more?)
+    for i in 0..4 {
+        let mut writer = Vec::new();
+        write!(&mut writer, "{}",
+                json::as_pretty_json(&json).indent(i)).unwrap();
+
+        let printed = from_utf8(&writer[..]).unwrap();
+
+        // Check for indents at each line
+        let lines: Vec<&str> = printed.lines().collect();
+        assert_eq!(lines.len(), 7); // JSON should be 7 lines
+
+        assert_eq!(indents(lines[0]), 0 * i); // [
+        assert_eq!(indents(lines[1]), 1 * i); //   "greetings",
+        assert_eq!(indents(lines[2]), 1 * i); //   {
+        assert_eq!(indents(lines[3]), 2 * i); //     "hello": "guten tag",
+        assert_eq!(indents(lines[4]), 2 * i); //     "goodbye": "sayonara"
+        assert_eq!(indents(lines[5]), 1 * i); //   },
+        assert_eq!(indents(lines[6]), 0 * i); // ]
+
+        // Finally, test that the pretty-printed JSON is valid
+        from_str(printed).ok().expect("Pretty-printed JSON is invalid!");
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_hashmap_with_enum_key() {
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+    #[derive(RustcEncodable, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, RustcDecodable, Debug)]
+    enum Enum {
+        Foo,
+        #[allow(dead_code)]
+        Bar,
+    }
+    let mut map = HashMap::new();
+    map.insert(Enum::Foo, 0);
+    let result = json::encode(&map).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(&result[..], r#"{"Foo":0}"#);
+    let decoded: HashMap<Enum, _> = json::decode(&result).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(map, decoded);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_hashmap_with_numeric_key_can_handle_double_quote_delimited_key() {
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+    let json_str = "{\"1\":true}";
+    let json_obj = match from_str(json_str) {
+        Err(_) => panic!("Unable to parse json_str: {:?}", json_str),
+        Ok(o) => o
+    };
+    let mut decoder = Decoder::new(json_obj);
+    let _hm: HashMap<usize, bool> = Decodable::decode(&mut decoder).unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_hashmap_with_numeric_key_will_error_with_string_keys() {
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+    let json_str = "{\"a\":true}";
+    let json_obj = match from_str(json_str) {
+        Err(_) => panic!("Unable to parse json_str: {:?}", json_str),
+        Ok(o) => o
+    };
+    let mut decoder = Decoder::new(json_obj);
+    let result: Result<HashMap<usize, bool>, DecoderError> = Decodable::decode(&mut decoder);
+    assert_eq!(result, Err(ExpectedError("Number".to_string(), "a".to_string())));
+}
+
+fn assert_stream_equal(src: &str,
+                        expected: Vec<(JsonEvent, Vec<StackElement<'_>>)>) {
+    let mut parser = Parser::new(src.chars());
+    let mut i = 0;
+    loop {
+        let evt = match parser.next() {
+            Some(e) => e,
+            None => { break; }
+        };
+        let (ref expected_evt, ref expected_stack) = expected[i];
+        if !parser.stack().is_equal_to(expected_stack) {
+            panic!("Parser stack is not equal to {:?}", expected_stack);
+        }
+        assert_eq!(&evt, expected_evt);
+        i+=1;
+    }
+}
+#[test]
+fn test_streaming_parser() {
+    assert_stream_equal(
+        r#"{ "foo":"bar", "array" : [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], "idents":[null,true,false]}"#,
+        vec![
+            (ObjectStart,             vec![]),
+              (StringValue("bar".to_string()),   vec![StackElement::Key("foo")]),
+              (ArrayStart,            vec![StackElement::Key("array")]),
+                (U64Value(0),         vec![StackElement::Key("array"), StackElement::Index(0)]),
+                (U64Value(1),         vec![StackElement::Key("array"), StackElement::Index(1)]),
+                (U64Value(2),         vec![StackElement::Key("array"), StackElement::Index(2)]),
+                (U64Value(3),         vec![StackElement::Key("array"), StackElement::Index(3)]),
+                (U64Value(4),         vec![StackElement::Key("array"), StackElement::Index(4)]),
+                (U64Value(5),         vec![StackElement::Key("array"), StackElement::Index(5)]),
+              (ArrayEnd,              vec![StackElement::Key("array")]),
+              (ArrayStart,            vec![StackElement::Key("idents")]),
+                (NullValue,           vec![StackElement::Key("idents"),
+                                           StackElement::Index(0)]),
+                (BooleanValue(true),  vec![StackElement::Key("idents"),
+                                           StackElement::Index(1)]),
+                (BooleanValue(false), vec![StackElement::Key("idents"),
+                                           StackElement::Index(2)]),
+              (ArrayEnd,              vec![StackElement::Key("idents")]),
+            (ObjectEnd,               vec![]),
+        ]
+    );
+}
+fn last_event(src: &str) -> JsonEvent {
+    let mut parser = Parser::new(src.chars());
+    let mut evt = NullValue;
+    loop {
+        evt = match parser.next() {
+            Some(e) => e,
+            None => return evt,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_read_object_streaming() {
+    assert_eq!(last_event("{ "),      Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 3)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("{1"),      Error(SyntaxError(KeyMustBeAString,      1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("{ \"a\""), Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 6)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\""),  Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 5)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\" "), Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 6)));
+
+    assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\" 1"),   Error(SyntaxError(ExpectedColon,         1, 6)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\":"),    Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingValue,  1, 6)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\":1"),   Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 7)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\":1 1"), Error(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax,         1, 8)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\":1,"),  Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingObject, 1, 8)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("{\"a\":1,}"), Error(SyntaxError(TrailingComma, 1, 8)));
+
+    assert_stream_equal(
+        "{}",
+        vec![(ObjectStart, vec![]), (ObjectEnd, vec![])]
+    );
+    assert_stream_equal(
+        "{\"a\": 3}",
+        vec![
+            (ObjectStart,        vec![]),
+              (U64Value(3),      vec![StackElement::Key("a")]),
+            (ObjectEnd,          vec![]),
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_stream_equal(
+        "{ \"a\": null, \"b\" : true }",
+        vec![
+            (ObjectStart,           vec![]),
+              (NullValue,           vec![StackElement::Key("a")]),
+              (BooleanValue(true),  vec![StackElement::Key("b")]),
+            (ObjectEnd,             vec![]),
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_stream_equal(
+        "{\"a\" : 1.0 ,\"b\": [ true ]}",
+        vec![
+            (ObjectStart,           vec![]),
+              (F64Value(1.0),       vec![StackElement::Key("a")]),
+              (ArrayStart,          vec![StackElement::Key("b")]),
+                (BooleanValue(true),vec![StackElement::Key("b"), StackElement::Index(0)]),
+              (ArrayEnd,            vec![StackElement::Key("b")]),
+            (ObjectEnd,             vec![]),
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_stream_equal(
+        r#"{
+            "a": 1.0,
+            "b": [
+                true,
+                "foo\nbar",
+                { "c": {"d": null} }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        vec![
+            (ObjectStart,                   vec![]),
+              (F64Value(1.0),               vec![StackElement::Key("a")]),
+              (ArrayStart,                  vec![StackElement::Key("b")]),
+                (BooleanValue(true),        vec![StackElement::Key("b"),
+                                                StackElement::Index(0)]),
+                (StringValue("foo\nbar".to_string()),  vec![StackElement::Key("b"),
+                                                            StackElement::Index(1)]),
+                (ObjectStart,               vec![StackElement::Key("b"),
+                                                 StackElement::Index(2)]),
+                  (ObjectStart,             vec![StackElement::Key("b"),
+                                                 StackElement::Index(2),
+                                                 StackElement::Key("c")]),
+                    (NullValue,             vec![StackElement::Key("b"),
+                                                 StackElement::Index(2),
+                                                 StackElement::Key("c"),
+                                                 StackElement::Key("d")]),
+                  (ObjectEnd,               vec![StackElement::Key("b"),
+                                                 StackElement::Index(2),
+                                                 StackElement::Key("c")]),
+                (ObjectEnd,                 vec![StackElement::Key("b"),
+                                                 StackElement::Index(2)]),
+              (ArrayEnd,                    vec![StackElement::Key("b")]),
+            (ObjectEnd,                     vec![]),
+        ]
+    );
+}
+#[test]
+fn test_read_array_streaming() {
+    assert_stream_equal(
+        "[]",
+        vec![
+            (ArrayStart, vec![]),
+            (ArrayEnd,   vec![]),
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_stream_equal(
+        "[ ]",
+        vec![
+            (ArrayStart, vec![]),
+            (ArrayEnd,   vec![]),
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_stream_equal(
+        "[true]",
+        vec![
+            (ArrayStart,             vec![]),
+                (BooleanValue(true), vec![StackElement::Index(0)]),
+            (ArrayEnd,               vec![]),
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_stream_equal(
+        "[ false ]",
+        vec![
+            (ArrayStart,              vec![]),
+                (BooleanValue(false), vec![StackElement::Index(0)]),
+            (ArrayEnd,                vec![]),
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_stream_equal(
+        "[null]",
+        vec![
+            (ArrayStart,    vec![]),
+                (NullValue, vec![StackElement::Index(0)]),
+            (ArrayEnd,      vec![]),
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_stream_equal(
+        "[3, 1]",
+        vec![
+            (ArrayStart,      vec![]),
+                (U64Value(3), vec![StackElement::Index(0)]),
+                (U64Value(1), vec![StackElement::Index(1)]),
+            (ArrayEnd,        vec![]),
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_stream_equal(
+        "\n[3, 2]\n",
+        vec![
+            (ArrayStart,      vec![]),
+                (U64Value(3), vec![StackElement::Index(0)]),
+                (U64Value(2), vec![StackElement::Index(1)]),
+            (ArrayEnd,        vec![]),
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_stream_equal(
+        "[2, [4, 1]]",
+        vec![
+            (ArrayStart,           vec![]),
+                (U64Value(2),      vec![StackElement::Index(0)]),
+                (ArrayStart,       vec![StackElement::Index(1)]),
+                    (U64Value(4),  vec![StackElement::Index(1), StackElement::Index(0)]),
+                    (U64Value(1),  vec![StackElement::Index(1), StackElement::Index(1)]),
+                (ArrayEnd,         vec![StackElement::Index(1)]),
+            (ArrayEnd,             vec![]),
+        ]
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(last_event("["), Error(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingValue, 1,  2)));
+
+    assert_eq!(from_str("["),     Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingValue, 1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[1"),    Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingArray, 1, 3)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[1,"),   Err(SyntaxError(EOFWhileParsingValue, 1, 4)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[1,]"),  Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax,        1, 4)));
+    assert_eq!(from_str("[6 7]"), Err(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax,        1, 4)));
+
+}
+#[test]
+fn test_trailing_characters_streaming() {
+    assert_eq!(last_event("nulla"),  Error(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 5)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("truea"),  Error(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 5)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("falsea"), Error(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 6)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("1a"),     Error(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("[]a"),    Error(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 3)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("{}a"),    Error(SyntaxError(TrailingCharacters, 1, 3)));
+}
+#[test]
+fn test_read_identifiers_streaming() {
+    assert_eq!(Parser::new("null".chars()).next(), Some(NullValue));
+    assert_eq!(Parser::new("true".chars()).next(), Some(BooleanValue(true)));
+    assert_eq!(Parser::new("false".chars()).next(), Some(BooleanValue(false)));
+
+    assert_eq!(last_event("n"),    Error(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("nul"),  Error(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 4)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("t"),    Error(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("truz"), Error(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 4)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("f"),    Error(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 2)));
+    assert_eq!(last_event("faz"),  Error(SyntaxError(InvalidSyntax, 1, 3)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_to_json() {
+    use std::collections::{HashMap,BTreeMap};
+    use json::ToJson;
+
+    let array2 = Array(vec![U64(1), U64(2)]);
+    let array3 = Array(vec![U64(1), U64(2), U64(3)]);
+    let object = {
+        let mut tree_map = BTreeMap::new();
+        tree_map.insert("a".to_string(), U64(1));
+        tree_map.insert("b".to_string(), U64(2));
+        Object(tree_map)
+    };
+
+    assert_eq!(array2.to_json(), array2);
+    assert_eq!(object.to_json(), object);
+    assert_eq!(3_isize.to_json(), I64(3));
+    assert_eq!(4_i8.to_json(), I64(4));
+    assert_eq!(5_i16.to_json(), I64(5));
+    assert_eq!(6_i32.to_json(), I64(6));
+    assert_eq!(7_i64.to_json(), I64(7));
+    assert_eq!(8_usize.to_json(), U64(8));
+    assert_eq!(9_u8.to_json(), U64(9));
+    assert_eq!(10_u16.to_json(), U64(10));
+    assert_eq!(11_u32.to_json(), U64(11));
+    assert_eq!(12_u64.to_json(), U64(12));
+    assert_eq!(13.0_f32.to_json(), F64(13.0_f64));
+    assert_eq!(14.0_f64.to_json(), F64(14.0_f64));
+    assert_eq!(().to_json(), Null);
+    assert_eq!(f32::INFINITY.to_json(), Null);
+    assert_eq!(f64::NAN.to_json(), Null);
+    assert_eq!(true.to_json(), Boolean(true));
+    assert_eq!(false.to_json(), Boolean(false));
+    assert_eq!("abc".to_json(), String("abc".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!("abc".to_string().to_json(), String("abc".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!((1_usize, 2_usize).to_json(), array2);
+    assert_eq!((1_usize, 2_usize, 3_usize).to_json(), array3);
+    assert_eq!([1_usize, 2_usize].to_json(), array2);
+    assert_eq!((&[1_usize, 2_usize, 3_usize]).to_json(), array3);
+    assert_eq!((vec![1_usize, 2_usize]).to_json(), array2);
+    assert_eq!(vec![1_usize, 2_usize, 3_usize].to_json(), array3);
+    let mut tree_map = BTreeMap::new();
+    tree_map.insert("a".to_string(), 1 as usize);
+    tree_map.insert("b".to_string(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(tree_map.to_json(), object);
+    let mut hash_map = HashMap::new();
+    hash_map.insert("a".to_string(), 1 as usize);
+    hash_map.insert("b".to_string(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(hash_map.to_json(), object);
+    assert_eq!(Some(15).to_json(), I64(15));
+    assert_eq!(Some(15 as usize).to_json(), U64(15));
+    assert_eq!(None::<isize>.to_json(), Null);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_encode_hashmap_with_arbitrary_key() {
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+    #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, RustcEncodable)]
+    struct ArbitraryType(usize);
+    let mut hm: HashMap<ArbitraryType, bool> = HashMap::new();
+    hm.insert(ArbitraryType(1), true);
+    let mut mem_buf = string::String::new();
+    let mut encoder = Encoder::new(&mut mem_buf);
+    let result = hm.encode(&mut encoder);
+    match result.unwrap_err() {
+        EncoderError::BadHashmapKey => (),
+        _ => panic!("expected bad hash map key")
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/libserialize/tests/opaque.rs b/src/libserialize/tests/opaque.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fff6fc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libserialize/tests/opaque.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+extern crate serialize as rustc_serialize;
+
+use rustc_serialize::{Encodable, Decodable};
+use rustc_serialize::opaque::{Encoder, Decoder};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Debug, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable)]
+struct Struct {
+    a: (),
+    b: u8,
+    c: u16,
+    d: u32,
+    e: u64,
+    f: usize,
+
+    g: i8,
+    h: i16,
+    i: i32,
+    j: i64,
+    k: isize,
+
+    l: char,
+    m: String,
+    n: f32,
+    o: f64,
+    p: bool,
+    q: Option<u32>,
+}
+
+
+fn check_round_trip<T: Encodable + Decodable + PartialEq + Debug>(values: Vec<T>) {
+    let mut encoder = Encoder::new(Vec::new());
+
+    for value in &values {
+        Encodable::encode(&value, &mut encoder).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    let data = encoder.into_inner();
+    let mut decoder = Decoder::new(&data[..], 0);
+
+    for value in values {
+        let decoded = Decodable::decode(&mut decoder).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(value, decoded);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_unit() {
+    check_round_trip(vec![(), (), (), ()]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_u8() {
+    let mut vec = vec![];
+    for i in ::std::u8::MIN..::std::u8::MAX {
+        vec.push(i);
+    }
+    check_round_trip(vec);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_u16() {
+    for i in ::std::u16::MIN..::std::u16::MAX {
+        check_round_trip(vec![1, 2, 3, i, i, i]);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_u32() {
+    check_round_trip(vec![1, 2, 3, ::std::u32::MIN, 0, 1, ::std::u32::MAX, 2, 1]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_u64() {
+    check_round_trip(vec![1, 2, 3, ::std::u64::MIN, 0, 1, ::std::u64::MAX, 2, 1]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_usize() {
+    check_round_trip(vec![1, 2, 3, ::std::usize::MIN, 0, 1, ::std::usize::MAX, 2, 1]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_i8() {
+    let mut vec = vec![];
+    for i in ::std::i8::MIN..::std::i8::MAX {
+        vec.push(i);
+    }
+    check_round_trip(vec);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_i16() {
+    for i in ::std::i16::MIN..::std::i16::MAX {
+        check_round_trip(vec![-1, 2, -3, i, i, i, 2]);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_i32() {
+    check_round_trip(vec![-1, 2, -3, ::std::i32::MIN, 0, 1, ::std::i32::MAX, 2, 1]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_i64() {
+    check_round_trip(vec![-1, 2, -3, ::std::i64::MIN, 0, 1, ::std::i64::MAX, 2, 1]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_isize() {
+    check_round_trip(vec![-1, 2, -3, ::std::isize::MIN, 0, 1, ::std::isize::MAX, 2, 1]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bool() {
+    check_round_trip(vec![false, true, true, false, false]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_f32() {
+    let mut vec = vec![];
+    for i in -100..100 {
+        vec.push((i as f32) / 3.0);
+    }
+    check_round_trip(vec);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_f64() {
+    let mut vec = vec![];
+    for i in -100..100 {
+        vec.push((i as f64) / 3.0);
+    }
+    check_round_trip(vec);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_char() {
+    let vec = vec!['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'A', 'X', ' ', '#', 'Ö', 'Ä', 'µ', '€'];
+    check_round_trip(vec);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_string() {
+    let vec = vec!["abcbuÖeiovÄnameÜavmpßvmea€µsbpnvapeapmaebn".to_string(),
+                   "abcbuÖganeiovÄnameÜavmpßvmea€µsbpnvapeapmaebn".to_string(),
+                   "abcbuÖganeiovÄnameÜavmpßvmea€µsbpapmaebn".to_string(),
+                   "abcbuÖganeiovÄnameÜavmpßvmeabpnvapeapmaebn".to_string(),
+                   "abcbuÖganeiÄnameÜavmpßvmea€µsbpnvapeapmaebn".to_string(),
+                   "abcbuÖganeiovÄnameÜavmpßvmea€µsbpmaebn".to_string(),
+                   "abcbuÖganeiovÄnameÜavmpßvmea€µnvapeapmaebn".to_string()];
+
+    check_round_trip(vec);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_option() {
+    check_round_trip(vec![Some(-1i8)]);
+    check_round_trip(vec![Some(-2i16)]);
+    check_round_trip(vec![Some(-3i32)]);
+    check_round_trip(vec![Some(-4i64)]);
+    check_round_trip(vec![Some(-5isize)]);
+
+    let none_i8: Option<i8> = None;
+    check_round_trip(vec![none_i8]);
+
+    let none_i16: Option<i16> = None;
+    check_round_trip(vec![none_i16]);
+
+    let none_i32: Option<i32> = None;
+    check_round_trip(vec![none_i32]);
+
+    let none_i64: Option<i64> = None;
+    check_round_trip(vec![none_i64]);
+
+    let none_isize: Option<isize> = None;
+    check_round_trip(vec![none_isize]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_struct() {
+    check_round_trip(vec![Struct {
+                              a: (),
+                              b: 10,
+                              c: 11,
+                              d: 12,
+                              e: 13,
+                              f: 14,
+
+                              g: 15,
+                              h: 16,
+                              i: 17,
+                              j: 18,
+                              k: 19,
+
+                              l: 'x',
+                              m: "abc".to_string(),
+                              n: 20.5,
+                              o: 21.5,
+                              p: false,
+                              q: None,
+                          }]);
+
+    check_round_trip(vec![Struct {
+                              a: (),
+                              b: 101,
+                              c: 111,
+                              d: 121,
+                              e: 131,
+                              f: 141,
+
+                              g: -15,
+                              h: -16,
+                              i: -17,
+                              j: -18,
+                              k: -19,
+
+                              l: 'y',
+                              m: "def".to_string(),
+                              n: -20.5,
+                              o: -21.5,
+                              p: true,
+                              q: Some(1234567),
+                          }]);
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Debug, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable)]
+enum Enum {
+    Variant1,
+    Variant2(usize, f32),
+    Variant3 {
+        a: i32,
+        b: char,
+        c: bool,
+    },
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_enum() {
+    check_round_trip(vec![Enum::Variant1,
+                          Enum::Variant2(1, 2.5),
+                          Enum::Variant3 {
+                              a: 3,
+                              b: 'b',
+                              c: false,
+                          },
+                          Enum::Variant3 {
+                              a: -4,
+                              b: 'f',
+                              c: true,
+                          }]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_sequence() {
+    let mut vec = vec![];
+    for i in -100i64..100i64 {
+        vec.push(i * 100000);
+    }
+
+    check_round_trip(vec![vec]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_hash_map() {
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+    let mut map = HashMap::new();
+    for i in -100i64..100i64 {
+        map.insert(i * 100000, i * 10000);
+    }
+
+    check_round_trip(vec![map]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_tuples() {
+    check_round_trip(vec![('x', (), false, 0.5f32)]);
+    check_round_trip(vec![(9i8, 10u16, 1.5f64)]);
+    check_round_trip(vec![(-12i16, 11u8, 12usize)]);
+    check_round_trip(vec![(1234567isize, 100000000000000u64, 99999999999999i64)]);
+    check_round_trip(vec![(String::new(), "some string".to_string())]);
+}
diff --git a/src/libstd/sys/unix/ext/mod.rs b/src/libstd/sys/unix/ext/mod.rs
index 36e9370..ccbac1a 100644
--- a/src/libstd/sys/unix/ext/mod.rs
+++ b/src/libstd/sys/unix/ext/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! Experimental extensions to `std` for Unix platforms.
+//! Platform-specific extensions to `std` for Unix platforms.
 //!
 //! Provides access to platform-level information on Unix platforms, and
 //! exposes Unix-specific functions that would otherwise be inappropriate as
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/lib.rs b/src/libsyntax/lib.rs
index 878d06c..c844f9e 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/lib.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/lib.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 #![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
 #![feature(label_break_value)]
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(rustc_attrs)]
 #![feature(rustc_diagnostic_macros)]
 #![feature(slice_sort_by_cached_key)]
diff --git a/src/libsyntax_ext/lib.rs b/src/libsyntax_ext/lib.rs
index 670d71f..7d7fd03 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax_ext/lib.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax_ext/lib.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #![feature(proc_macro_internals)]
 #![feature(proc_macro_span)]
 #![feature(decl_macro)]
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(str_escape)]
 #![feature(rustc_diagnostic_macros)]
 
diff --git a/src/libsyntax_pos/lib.rs b/src/libsyntax_pos/lib.rs
index 70c45f7..dbb4f8f 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax_pos/lib.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax_pos/lib.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #![feature(const_fn)]
 #![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
 #![feature(custom_attribute)]
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(non_exhaustive)]
 #![feature(optin_builtin_traits)]
 #![feature(rustc_attrs)]
diff --git a/src/libterm/Cargo.toml b/src/libterm/Cargo.toml
index 8021e81..4eba9a9 100644
--- a/src/libterm/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/libterm/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 authors = ["The Rust Project Developers"]
 name = "term"
 version = "0.0.0"
+edition = "2018"
 
 [lib]
 name = "term"
diff --git a/src/libterm/lib.rs b/src/libterm/lib.rs
index 4d31262..caca9fa 100644
--- a/src/libterm/lib.rs
+++ b/src/libterm/lib.rs
@@ -35,20 +35,20 @@
        test(attr(deny(warnings))))]
 #![deny(missing_docs)]
 
+#![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
+
 #![cfg_attr(windows, feature(libc))]
 // Handle rustfmt skips
 #![feature(custom_attribute)]
-#![feature(nll)]
 #![allow(unused_attributes)]
 
 use std::io::prelude::*;
+use std::io::{self, Stdout, Stderr};
 
 pub use terminfo::TerminfoTerminal;
 #[cfg(windows)]
 pub use win::WinConsole;
 
-use std::io::{self, Stdout, Stderr};
-
 pub mod terminfo;
 
 #[cfg(windows)]
diff --git a/src/libterm/terminfo/mod.rs b/src/libterm/terminfo/mod.rs
index eaa96df..4c3b0b1 100644
--- a/src/libterm/terminfo/mod.rs
+++ b/src/libterm/terminfo/mod.rs
@@ -5,18 +5,16 @@
 use std::error;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::fs::File;
-use std::io::prelude::*;
-use std::io;
-use std::io::BufReader;
+use std::io::{self, prelude::*, BufReader};
 use std::path::Path;
 
-use Attr;
-use color;
-use Terminal;
-use self::searcher::get_dbpath_for_term;
-use self::parser::compiled::{parse, msys_terminfo};
-use self::parm::{expand, Variables, Param};
+use crate::Attr;
+use crate::color;
+use crate::Terminal;
 
+use searcher::get_dbpath_for_term;
+use parser::compiled::{parse, msys_terminfo};
+use parm::{expand, Variables, Param};
 
 /// A parsed terminfo database entry.
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@
     }
 
     fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn error::Error> {
-        use self::Error::*;
+        use Error::*;
         match *self {
             IoError(ref e) => Some(e),
             _ => None,
@@ -58,8 +56,8 @@
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for Error {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        use self::Error::*;
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        use Error::*;
         match *self {
             TermUnset => Ok(()),
             MalformedTerminfo(ref e) => e.fmt(f),
diff --git a/src/libterm/terminfo/parm.rs b/src/libterm/terminfo/parm.rs
index 434dd4a..4e81b8a 100644
--- a/src/libterm/terminfo/parm.rs
+++ b/src/libterm/terminfo/parm.rs
@@ -40,23 +40,27 @@
 /// Container for static and dynamic variable arrays
 pub struct Variables {
     /// Static variables A-Z
-    sta: [Param; 26],
+    sta_va: [Param; 26],
     /// Dynamic variables a-z
-    dyn: [Param; 26],
+    dyn_va: [Param; 26],
 }
 
 impl Variables {
     /// Return a new zero-initialized Variables
     pub fn new() -> Variables {
         Variables {
-            sta: [Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0),
-                  Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0),
-                  Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0),
-                  Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0)],
-            dyn: [Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0),
-                  Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0),
-                  Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0),
-                  Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0)],
+            sta_va: [
+                Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0),
+                Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0),
+                Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0),
+                Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0)
+            ],
+            dyn_va: [
+                Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0),
+                Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0),
+                Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0),
+                Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0), Number(0)
+            ],
         }
     }
 }
@@ -249,14 +253,14 @@
                 if cur >= 'A' && cur <= 'Z' {
                     if let Some(arg) = stack.pop() {
                         let idx = (cur as u8) - b'A';
-                        vars.sta[idx as usize] = arg;
+                        vars.sta_va[idx as usize] = arg;
                     } else {
                         return Err("stack is empty".to_string());
                     }
                 } else if cur >= 'a' && cur <= 'z' {
                     if let Some(arg) = stack.pop() {
                         let idx = (cur as u8) - b'a';
-                        vars.dyn[idx as usize] = arg;
+                        vars.dyn_va[idx as usize] = arg;
                     } else {
                         return Err("stack is empty".to_string());
                     }
@@ -267,10 +271,10 @@
             GetVar => {
                 if cur >= 'A' && cur <= 'Z' {
                     let idx = (cur as u8) - b'A';
-                    stack.push(vars.sta[idx as usize].clone());
+                    stack.push(vars.sta_va[idx as usize].clone());
                 } else if cur >= 'a' && cur <= 'z' {
                     let idx = (cur as u8) - b'a';
-                    stack.push(vars.dyn[idx as usize].clone());
+                    stack.push(vars.dyn_va[idx as usize].clone());
                 } else {
                     return Err("bad variable name in %g".to_string());
                 }
diff --git a/src/libterm/terminfo/parser/compiled.rs b/src/libterm/terminfo/parser/compiled.rs
index 63d0183..b7b9ce8 100644
--- a/src/libterm/terminfo/parser/compiled.rs
+++ b/src/libterm/terminfo/parser/compiled.rs
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 //! ncurses-compatible compiled terminfo format parsing (term(5))
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::io::prelude::*;
 use std::io;
+use std::io::prelude::*;
 use super::super::TermInfo;
 
 // These are the orders ncurses uses in its compiled format (as of 5.9). Not sure if portable.
 
 #[rustfmt_skip]
-pub static boolfnames: &'static[&'static str] = &["auto_left_margin", "auto_right_margin",
+pub static boolfnames: &[&str] = &["auto_left_margin", "auto_right_margin",
     "no_esc_ctlc", "ceol_standout_glitch", "eat_newline_glitch", "erase_overstrike", "generic_type",
     "hard_copy", "has_meta_key", "has_status_line", "insert_null_glitch", "memory_above",
     "memory_below", "move_insert_mode", "move_standout_mode", "over_strike", "status_line_esc_ok",
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@
     "return_does_clr_eol"];
 
 #[rustfmt_skip]
-pub static boolnames: &'static[&'static str] = &["bw", "am", "xsb", "xhp", "xenl", "eo",
+pub static boolnames: &[&str] = &["bw", "am", "xsb", "xhp", "xenl", "eo",
     "gn", "hc", "km", "hs", "in", "db", "da", "mir", "msgr", "os", "eslok", "xt", "hz", "ul", "xon",
     "nxon", "mc5i", "chts", "nrrmc", "npc", "ndscr", "ccc", "bce", "hls", "xhpa", "crxm", "daisy",
     "xvpa", "sam", "cpix", "lpix", "OTbs", "OTns", "OTnc", "OTMT", "OTNL", "OTpt", "OTxr"];
 
 #[rustfmt_skip]
-pub static numfnames: &'static[&'static str] = &[ "columns", "init_tabs", "lines",
+pub static numfnames: &[&str] = &[ "columns", "init_tabs", "lines",
     "lines_of_memory", "magic_cookie_glitch", "padding_baud_rate", "virtual_terminal",
     "width_status_line", "num_labels", "label_height", "label_width", "max_attributes",
     "maximum_windows", "max_colors", "max_pairs", "no_color_video", "buffer_capacity",
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@
     "new_line_delay", "backspace_delay", "horizontal_tab_delay", "number_of_function_keys"];
 
 #[rustfmt_skip]
-pub static numnames: &'static[&'static str] = &[ "cols", "it", "lines", "lm", "xmc", "pb",
+pub static numnames: &[&str] = &[ "cols", "it", "lines", "lm", "xmc", "pb",
     "vt", "wsl", "nlab", "lh", "lw", "ma", "wnum", "colors", "pairs", "ncv", "bufsz", "spinv",
     "spinh", "maddr", "mjump", "mcs", "mls", "npins", "orc", "orl", "orhi", "orvi", "cps", "widcs",
     "btns", "bitwin", "bitype", "UTug", "OTdC", "OTdN", "OTdB", "OTdT", "OTkn"];
 
 #[rustfmt_skip]
-pub static stringfnames: &'static[&'static str] = &[ "back_tab", "bell", "carriage_return",
+pub static stringfnames: &[&str] = &[ "back_tab", "bell", "carriage_return",
     "change_scroll_region", "clear_all_tabs", "clear_screen", "clr_eol", "clr_eos",
     "column_address", "command_character", "cursor_address", "cursor_down", "cursor_home",
     "cursor_invisible", "cursor_left", "cursor_mem_address", "cursor_normal", "cursor_right",
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
     "acs_plus", "memory_lock", "memory_unlock", "box_chars_1"];
 
 #[rustfmt_skip]
-pub static stringnames: &'static[&'static str] = &[ "cbt", "_", "cr", "csr", "tbc", "clear",
+pub static stringnames: &[&str] = &[ "cbt", "_", "cr", "csr", "tbc", "clear",
     "_", "_", "hpa", "cmdch", "cup", "cud1", "home", "civis", "cub1", "mrcup", "cnorm", "cuf1",
     "ll", "cuu1", "cvvis", "dch1", "dl1", "dsl", "hd", "smacs", "blink", "bold", "smcup", "smdc",
     "dim", "smir", "invis", "prot", "rev", "smso", "smul", "ech", "rmacs", "sgr0", "rmcup", "rmdc",
diff --git a/src/libterm/win.rs b/src/libterm/win.rs
index 25b03ba..1051ddf 100644
--- a/src/libterm/win.rs
+++ b/src/libterm/win.rs
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 use std::io;
 use std::io::prelude::*;
 
-use Attr;
-use color;
-use Terminal;
+use crate::Attr;
+use crate::color;
+use crate::Terminal;
 
 /// A Terminal implementation which uses the Win32 Console API.
 pub struct WinConsole<T> {
diff --git a/src/libunwind/lib.rs b/src/libunwind/lib.rs
index b9a9929..0ccffea 100644
--- a/src/libunwind/lib.rs
+++ b/src/libunwind/lib.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
 
 #![feature(link_cfg)]
+#![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(staged_api)]
 #![feature(unwind_attributes)]
 #![feature(static_nobundle)]
diff --git a/src/tools/rustc-std-workspace-core/Cargo.toml b/src/tools/rustc-std-workspace-core/Cargo.toml
index f000d63..d527ce1 100644
--- a/src/tools/rustc-std-workspace-core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tools/rustc-std-workspace-core/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 description = """
 Hack for the compiler's own build system
 """
+edition = "2018"
 
 [lib]
 path = "lib.rs"
diff --git a/src/tools/rustc-std-workspace-core/lib.rs b/src/tools/rustc-std-workspace-core/lib.rs
index e2946fe..99d51bc 100644
--- a/src/tools/rustc-std-workspace-core/lib.rs
+++ b/src/tools/rustc-std-workspace-core/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #![feature(no_core)]
 #![no_core]
-
-extern crate core;
+#![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
 
 pub use core::*;
diff --git a/src/tools/rustc-workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/tools/rustc-workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index f5eeddd..f943ac9 100644
--- a/src/tools/rustc-workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tools/rustc-workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 description = """
 Hack for the compiler's own build system
 """
+edition = "2018"
 
 [lib]
 path = "lib.rs"