| // Copyright 2013 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT |
| // file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at |
| // http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT. |
| // |
| // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or |
| // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license |
| // <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your |
| // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed |
| // except according to those terms. |
| |
| //! The `Default` trait for types which may have meaningful default values. |
| |
| #![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] |
| |
| use marker::Sized; |
| |
| /// A trait for giving a type a useful default value. |
| /// |
| /// Sometimes, you want to fall back to some kind of default value, and |
| /// don't particularly care what it is. This comes up often with `struct`s |
| /// that define a set of options: |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// # #[allow(dead_code)] |
| /// struct SomeOptions { |
| /// foo: i32, |
| /// bar: f32, |
| /// } |
| /// ``` |
| /// |
| /// How can we define some default values? You can use `Default`: |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// # #[allow(dead_code)] |
| /// #[derive(Default)] |
| /// struct SomeOptions { |
| /// foo: i32, |
| /// bar: f32, |
| /// } |
| /// |
| /// |
| /// fn main() { |
| /// let options: SomeOptions = Default::default(); |
| /// } |
| /// ``` |
| /// |
| /// Now, you get all of the default values. Rust implements `Default` for various primitives types. |
| /// |
| /// If you want to override a particular option, but still retain the other defaults: |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// # #[allow(dead_code)] |
| /// # #[derive(Default)] |
| /// # struct SomeOptions { |
| /// # foo: i32, |
| /// # bar: f32, |
| /// # } |
| /// fn main() { |
| /// let options = SomeOptions { foo: 42, ..Default::default() }; |
| /// } |
| /// ``` |
| /// |
| /// ## Derivable |
| /// |
| /// This trait can be used with `#[derive]` if all of the type's fields implement |
| /// `Default`. When `derive`d, it will use the default value for each field's type. |
| /// |
| /// ## How can I implement `Default`? |
| /// |
| /// Provide an implementation for the `default()` method that returns the value of |
| /// your type that should be the default: |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// # #![allow(dead_code)] |
| /// enum Kind { |
| /// A, |
| /// B, |
| /// C, |
| /// } |
| /// |
| /// impl Default for Kind { |
| /// fn default() -> Kind { Kind::A } |
| /// } |
| /// ``` |
| /// |
| /// # Examples |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// # #[allow(dead_code)] |
| /// #[derive(Default)] |
| /// struct SomeOptions { |
| /// foo: i32, |
| /// bar: f32, |
| /// } |
| /// ``` |
| #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] |
| pub trait Default: Sized { |
| /// Returns the "default value" for a type. |
| /// |
| /// Default values are often some kind of initial value, identity value, or anything else that |
| /// may make sense as a default. |
| /// |
| /// # Examples |
| /// |
| /// Using built-in default values: |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// let i: i8 = Default::default(); |
| /// let (x, y): (Option<String>, f64) = Default::default(); |
| /// let (a, b, (c, d)): (i32, u32, (bool, bool)) = Default::default(); |
| /// ``` |
| /// |
| /// Making your own: |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// # #[allow(dead_code)] |
| /// enum Kind { |
| /// A, |
| /// B, |
| /// C, |
| /// } |
| /// |
| /// impl Default for Kind { |
| /// fn default() -> Kind { Kind::A } |
| /// } |
| /// ``` |
| #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] |
| fn default() -> Self; |
| } |
| |
| macro_rules! default_impl { |
| ($t:ty, $v:expr) => { |
| #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] |
| impl Default for $t { |
| #[inline] |
| fn default() -> $t { $v } |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| |
| default_impl! { (), () } |
| default_impl! { bool, false } |
| default_impl! { char, '\x00' } |
| |
| default_impl! { usize, 0 } |
| default_impl! { u8, 0 } |
| default_impl! { u16, 0 } |
| default_impl! { u32, 0 } |
| default_impl! { u64, 0 } |
| |
| default_impl! { isize, 0 } |
| default_impl! { i8, 0 } |
| default_impl! { i16, 0 } |
| default_impl! { i32, 0 } |
| default_impl! { i64, 0 } |
| |
| default_impl! { f32, 0.0f32 } |
| default_impl! { f64, 0.0f64 } |