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// Copyright 2013 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.
//! Buffering wrappers for I/O traits
use io::prelude::*;
use cmp;
use error;
use fmt;
use io::{self, Initializer, DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE, Error, ErrorKind, SeekFrom};
use memchr;
/// The `BufReader` struct adds buffering to any reader.
///
/// It can be excessively inefficient to work directly with a [`Read`] instance.
/// For example, every call to [`read`][`TcpStream::read`] on [`TcpStream`]
/// results in a system call. A `BufReader` performs large, infrequent reads on
/// the underlying [`Read`] and maintains an in-memory buffer of the results.
///
/// [`Read`]: ../../std/io/trait.Read.html
/// [`TcpStream::read`]: ../../std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read
/// [`TcpStream`]: ../../std/net/struct.TcpStream.html
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::io::prelude::*;
/// use std::io::BufReader;
/// use std::fs::File;
///
/// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
/// let f = File::open("log.txt")?;
/// let mut reader = BufReader::new(f);
///
/// let mut line = String::new();
/// let len = reader.read_line(&mut line)?;
/// println!("First line is {} bytes long", len);
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub struct BufReader<R> {
inner: R,
buf: Box<[u8]>,
pos: usize,
cap: usize,
}
impl<R: Read> BufReader<R> {
/// Creates a new `BufReader` with a default buffer capacity.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::io::BufReader;
/// use std::fs::File;
///
/// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
/// let f = File::open("log.txt")?;
/// let reader = BufReader::new(f);
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn new(inner: R) -> BufReader<R> {
BufReader::with_capacity(DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE, inner)
}
/// Creates a new `BufReader` with the specified buffer capacity.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Creating a buffer with ten bytes of capacity:
///
/// ```
/// use std::io::BufReader;
/// use std::fs::File;
///
/// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
/// let f = File::open("log.txt")?;
/// let reader = BufReader::with_capacity(10, f);
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn with_capacity(cap: usize, inner: R) -> BufReader<R> {
unsafe {
let mut buffer = Vec::with_capacity(cap);
buffer.set_len(cap);
inner.initializer().initialize(&mut buffer);
BufReader {
inner,
buf: buffer.into_boxed_slice(),
pos: 0,
cap: 0,
}
}
}
/// Gets a reference to the underlying reader.
///
/// It is inadvisable to directly read from the underlying reader.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::io::BufReader;
/// use std::fs::File;
///
/// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
/// let f1 = File::open("log.txt")?;
/// let reader = BufReader::new(f1);
///
/// let f2 = reader.get_ref();
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &R { &self.inner }
/// Gets a mutable reference to the underlying reader.
///
/// It is inadvisable to directly read from the underlying reader.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::io::BufReader;
/// use std::fs::File;
///
/// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
/// let f1 = File::open("log.txt")?;
/// let mut reader = BufReader::new(f1);
///
/// let f2 = reader.get_mut();
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut R { &mut self.inner }
/// Returns `true` if there are no bytes in the internal buffer.
///
/// # Examples
/// ```
/// # #![feature(bufreader_is_empty)]
/// use std::io::BufReader;
/// use std::io::BufRead;
/// use std::fs::File;
///
/// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
/// let f1 = File::open("log.txt")?;
/// let mut reader = BufReader::new(f1);
/// assert!(reader.is_empty());
///
/// if reader.fill_buf()?.len() > 0 {
/// assert!(!reader.is_empty());
/// }
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[unstable(feature = "bufreader_is_empty", issue = "45323", reason = "recently added")]
pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
self.pos == self.cap
}
/// Unwraps this `BufReader`, returning the underlying reader.
///
/// Note that any leftover data in the internal buffer is lost.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::io::BufReader;
/// use std::fs::File;
///
/// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
/// let f1 = File::open("log.txt")?;
/// let reader = BufReader::new(f1);
///
/// let f2 = reader.into_inner();
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn into_inner(self) -> R { self.inner }
}
impl<R: Seek> BufReader<R> {
/// Seeks relative to the current position. If the new position lies within the buffer,
/// the buffer will not be flushed, allowing for more efficient seeks.
/// This method does not return the location of the underlying reader, so the caller
/// must track this information themselves if it is required.
#[unstable(feature = "bufreader_seek_relative", issue = "31100")]
pub fn seek_relative(&mut self, offset: i64) -> io::Result<()> {
let pos = self.pos as u64;
if offset < 0 {
if let Some(new_pos) = pos.checked_sub((-offset) as u64) {
self.pos = new_pos as usize;
return Ok(())
}
} else {
if let Some(new_pos) = pos.checked_add(offset as u64) {
if new_pos <= self.cap as u64 {
self.pos = new_pos as usize;
return Ok(())
}
}
}
self.seek(SeekFrom::Current(offset)).map(|_|())
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<R: Read> Read for BufReader<R> {
fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
// If we don't have any buffered data and we're doing a massive read
// (larger than our internal buffer), bypass our internal buffer
// entirely.
if self.pos == self.cap && buf.len() >= self.buf.len() {
return self.inner.read(buf);
}
let nread = {
let mut rem = self.fill_buf()?;
rem.read(buf)?
};
self.consume(nread);
Ok(nread)
}
// we can't skip unconditionally because of the large buffer case in read.
unsafe fn initializer(&self) -> Initializer {
self.inner.initializer()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<R: Read> BufRead for BufReader<R> {
fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> io::Result<&[u8]> {
// If we've reached the end of our internal buffer then we need to fetch
// some more data from the underlying reader.
// Branch using `>=` instead of the more correct `==`
// to tell the compiler that the pos..cap slice is always valid.
if self.pos >= self.cap {
debug_assert!(self.pos == self.cap);
self.cap = self.inner.read(&mut self.buf)?;
self.pos = 0;
}
Ok(&self.buf[self.pos..self.cap])
}
fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize) {
self.pos = cmp::min(self.pos + amt, self.cap);
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<R> fmt::Debug for BufReader<R> where R: fmt::Debug {
fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
fmt.debug_struct("BufReader")
.field("reader", &self.inner)
.field("buffer", &format_args!("{}/{}", self.cap - self.pos, self.buf.len()))
.finish()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<R: Seek> Seek for BufReader<R> {
/// Seek to an offset, in bytes, in the underlying reader.
///
/// The position used for seeking with `SeekFrom::Current(_)` is the
/// position the underlying reader would be at if the `BufReader` had no
/// internal buffer.
///
/// Seeking always discards the internal buffer, even if the seek position
/// would otherwise fall within it. This guarantees that calling
/// `.into_inner()` immediately after a seek yields the underlying reader
/// at the same position.
///
/// To seek without discarding the internal buffer, use [`seek_relative`].
///
/// See `std::io::Seek` for more details.
///
/// Note: In the edge case where you're seeking with `SeekFrom::Current(n)`
/// where `n` minus the internal buffer length overflows an `i64`, two
/// seeks will be performed instead of one. If the second seek returns
/// `Err`, the underlying reader will be left at the same position it would
/// have if you seeked to `SeekFrom::Current(0)`.
///
/// [`seek_relative`]: #method.seek_relative
fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
let result: u64;
if let SeekFrom::Current(n) = pos {
let remainder = (self.cap - self.pos) as i64;
// it should be safe to assume that remainder fits within an i64 as the alternative
// means we managed to allocate 8 exbibytes and that's absurd.
// But it's not out of the realm of possibility for some weird underlying reader to
// support seeking by i64::min_value() so we need to handle underflow when subtracting
// remainder.
if let Some(offset) = n.checked_sub(remainder) {
result = self.inner.seek(SeekFrom::Current(offset))?;
} else {
// seek backwards by our remainder, and then by the offset
self.inner.seek(SeekFrom::Current(-remainder))?;
self.pos = self.cap; // empty the buffer
result = self.inner.seek(SeekFrom::Current(n))?;
}
} else {
// Seeking with Start/End doesn't care about our buffer length.
result = self.inner.seek(pos)?;
}
self.pos = self.cap; // empty the buffer
Ok(result)
}
}
/// Wraps a writer and buffers its output.
///
/// It can be excessively inefficient to work directly with something that
/// implements [`Write`]. For example, every call to
/// [`write`][`Tcpstream::write`] on [`TcpStream`] results in a system call. A
/// `BufWriter` keeps an in-memory buffer of data and writes it to an underlying
/// writer in large, infrequent batches.
///
/// When the `BufWriter` is dropped, the contents of its buffer will be written
/// out. However, any errors that happen in the process of flushing the buffer
/// when the writer is dropped will be ignored. Code that wishes to handle such
/// errors must manually call [`flush`] before the writer is dropped.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Let's write the numbers one through ten to a [`TcpStream`]:
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::prelude::*;
/// use std::net::TcpStream;
///
/// let mut stream = TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap();
///
/// for i in 1..10 {
/// stream.write(&[i]).unwrap();
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Because we're not buffering, we write each one in turn, incurring the
/// overhead of a system call per byte written. We can fix this with a
/// `BufWriter`:
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::prelude::*;
/// use std::io::BufWriter;
/// use std::net::TcpStream;
///
/// let mut stream = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
///
/// for i in 1..10 {
/// stream.write(&[i]).unwrap();
/// }
/// ```
///
/// By wrapping the stream with a `BufWriter`, these ten writes are all grouped
/// together by the buffer, and will all be written out in one system call when
/// the `stream` is dropped.
///
/// [`Write`]: ../../std/io/trait.Write.html
/// [`Tcpstream::write`]: ../../std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write
/// [`TcpStream`]: ../../std/net/struct.TcpStream.html
/// [`flush`]: #method.flush
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub struct BufWriter<W: Write> {
inner: Option<W>,
buf: Vec<u8>,
// #30888: If the inner writer panics in a call to write, we don't want to
// write the buffered data a second time in BufWriter's destructor. This
// flag tells the Drop impl if it should skip the flush.
panicked: bool,
}
/// An error returned by `into_inner` which combines an error that
/// happened while writing out the buffer, and the buffered writer object
/// which may be used to recover from the condition.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::BufWriter;
/// use std::net::TcpStream;
///
/// let mut stream = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
///
/// // do stuff with the stream
///
/// // we want to get our `TcpStream` back, so let's try:
///
/// let stream = match stream.into_inner() {
/// Ok(s) => s,
/// Err(e) => {
/// // Here, e is an IntoInnerError
/// panic!("An error occurred");
/// }
/// };
/// ```
#[derive(Debug)]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub struct IntoInnerError<W>(W, Error);
impl<W: Write> BufWriter<W> {
/// Creates a new `BufWriter` with a default buffer capacity.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::BufWriter;
/// use std::net::TcpStream;
///
/// let mut buffer = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn new(inner: W) -> BufWriter<W> {
BufWriter::with_capacity(DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE, inner)
}
/// Creates a new `BufWriter` with the specified buffer capacity.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Creating a buffer with a buffer of a hundred bytes.
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::BufWriter;
/// use std::net::TcpStream;
///
/// let stream = TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap();
/// let mut buffer = BufWriter::with_capacity(100, stream);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn with_capacity(cap: usize, inner: W) -> BufWriter<W> {
BufWriter {
inner: Some(inner),
buf: Vec::with_capacity(cap),
panicked: false,
}
}
fn flush_buf(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
let mut written = 0;
let len = self.buf.len();
let mut ret = Ok(());
while written < len {
self.panicked = true;
let r = self.inner.as_mut().unwrap().write(&self.buf[written..]);
self.panicked = false;
match r {
Ok(0) => {
ret = Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::WriteZero,
"failed to write the buffered data"));
break;
}
Ok(n) => written += n,
Err(ref e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::Interrupted => {}
Err(e) => { ret = Err(e); break }
}
}
if written > 0 {
self.buf.drain(..written);
}
ret
}
/// Gets a reference to the underlying writer.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::BufWriter;
/// use std::net::TcpStream;
///
/// let mut buffer = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
///
/// // we can use reference just like buffer
/// let reference = buffer.get_ref();
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &W { self.inner.as_ref().unwrap() }
/// Gets a mutable reference to the underlying writer.
///
/// It is inadvisable to directly write to the underlying writer.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::BufWriter;
/// use std::net::TcpStream;
///
/// let mut buffer = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
///
/// // we can use reference just like buffer
/// let reference = buffer.get_mut();
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut W { self.inner.as_mut().unwrap() }
/// Unwraps this `BufWriter`, returning the underlying writer.
///
/// The buffer is written out before returning the writer.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// An `Err` will be returned if an error occurs while flushing the buffer.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::BufWriter;
/// use std::net::TcpStream;
///
/// let mut buffer = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
///
/// // unwrap the TcpStream and flush the buffer
/// let stream = buffer.into_inner().unwrap();
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn into_inner(mut self) -> Result<W, IntoInnerError<BufWriter<W>>> {
match self.flush_buf() {
Err(e) => Err(IntoInnerError(self, e)),
Ok(()) => Ok(self.inner.take().unwrap())
}
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<W: Write> Write for BufWriter<W> {
fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
if self.buf.len() + buf.len() > self.buf.capacity() {
self.flush_buf()?;
}
if buf.len() >= self.buf.capacity() {
self.panicked = true;
let r = self.inner.as_mut().unwrap().write(buf);
self.panicked = false;
r
} else {
Write::write(&mut self.buf, buf)
}
}
fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
self.flush_buf().and_then(|()| self.get_mut().flush())
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<W: Write> fmt::Debug for BufWriter<W> where W: fmt::Debug {
fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
fmt.debug_struct("BufWriter")
.field("writer", &self.inner.as_ref().unwrap())
.field("buffer", &format_args!("{}/{}", self.buf.len(), self.buf.capacity()))
.finish()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<W: Write + Seek> Seek for BufWriter<W> {
/// Seek to the offset, in bytes, in the underlying writer.
///
/// Seeking always writes out the internal buffer before seeking.
fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
self.flush_buf().and_then(|_| self.get_mut().seek(pos))
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<W: Write> Drop for BufWriter<W> {
fn drop(&mut self) {
if self.inner.is_some() && !self.panicked {
// dtors should not panic, so we ignore a failed flush
let _r = self.flush_buf();
}
}
}
impl<W> IntoInnerError<W> {
/// Returns the error which caused the call to `into_inner()` to fail.
///
/// This error was returned when attempting to write the internal buffer.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::BufWriter;
/// use std::net::TcpStream;
///
/// let mut stream = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
///
/// // do stuff with the stream
///
/// // we want to get our `TcpStream` back, so let's try:
///
/// let stream = match stream.into_inner() {
/// Ok(s) => s,
/// Err(e) => {
/// // Here, e is an IntoInnerError, let's log the inner error.
/// //
/// // We'll just 'log' to stdout for this example.
/// println!("{}", e.error());
///
/// panic!("An unexpected error occurred.");
/// }
/// };
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn error(&self) -> &Error { &self.1 }
/// Returns the buffered writer instance which generated the error.
///
/// The returned object can be used for error recovery, such as
/// re-inspecting the buffer.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::BufWriter;
/// use std::net::TcpStream;
///
/// let mut stream = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
///
/// // do stuff with the stream
///
/// // we want to get our `TcpStream` back, so let's try:
///
/// let stream = match stream.into_inner() {
/// Ok(s) => s,
/// Err(e) => {
/// // Here, e is an IntoInnerError, let's re-examine the buffer:
/// let buffer = e.into_inner();
///
/// // do stuff to try to recover
///
/// // afterwards, let's just return the stream
/// buffer.into_inner().unwrap()
/// }
/// };
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn into_inner(self) -> W { self.0 }
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<W> From<IntoInnerError<W>> for Error {
fn from(iie: IntoInnerError<W>) -> Error { iie.1 }
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<W: Send + fmt::Debug> error::Error for IntoInnerError<W> {
fn description(&self) -> &str {
error::Error::description(self.error())
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<W> fmt::Display for IntoInnerError<W> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
self.error().fmt(f)
}
}
/// Wraps a writer and buffers output to it, flushing whenever a newline
/// (`0x0a`, `'\n'`) is detected.
///
/// The [`BufWriter`][bufwriter] struct wraps a writer and buffers its output.
/// But it only does this batched write when it goes out of scope, or when the
/// internal buffer is full. Sometimes, you'd prefer to write each line as it's
/// completed, rather than the entire buffer at once. Enter `LineWriter`. It
/// does exactly that.
///
/// Like [`BufWriter`], a `LineWriter`’s buffer will also be flushed when the
/// `LineWriter` goes out of scope or when its internal buffer is full.
///
/// [bufwriter]: struct.BufWriter.html
///
/// If there's still a partial line in the buffer when the `LineWriter` is
/// dropped, it will flush those contents.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// We can use `LineWriter` to write one line at a time, significantly
/// reducing the number of actual writes to the file.
///
/// ```
/// use std::fs::File;
/// use std::io::prelude::*;
/// use std::io::LineWriter;
///
/// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
/// let road_not_taken = b"I shall be telling this with a sigh
/// Somewhere ages and ages hence:
/// Two roads diverged in a wood, and I -
/// I took the one less traveled by,
/// And that has made all the difference.";
///
/// let file = File::create("poem.txt")?;
/// let mut file = LineWriter::new(file);
///
/// for &byte in road_not_taken.iter() {
/// file.write(&[byte]).unwrap();
/// }
///
/// // let's check we did the right thing.
/// let mut file = File::open("poem.txt")?;
/// let mut contents = String::new();
///
/// file.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
///
/// assert_eq!(contents.as_bytes(), &road_not_taken[..]);
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub struct LineWriter<W: Write> {
inner: BufWriter<W>,
need_flush: bool,
}
impl<W: Write> LineWriter<W> {
/// Creates a new `LineWriter`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::fs::File;
/// use std::io::LineWriter;
///
/// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
/// let file = File::create("poem.txt")?;
/// let file = LineWriter::new(file);
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn new(inner: W) -> LineWriter<W> {
// Lines typically aren't that long, don't use a giant buffer
LineWriter::with_capacity(1024, inner)
}
/// Creates a new `LineWriter` with a specified capacity for the internal
/// buffer.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::fs::File;
/// use std::io::LineWriter;
///
/// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
/// let file = File::create("poem.txt")?;
/// let file = LineWriter::with_capacity(100, file);
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn with_capacity(cap: usize, inner: W) -> LineWriter<W> {
LineWriter {
inner: BufWriter::with_capacity(cap, inner),
need_flush: false,
}
}
/// Gets a reference to the underlying writer.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::fs::File;
/// use std::io::LineWriter;
///
/// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
/// let file = File::create("poem.txt")?;
/// let file = LineWriter::new(file);
///
/// let reference = file.get_ref();
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &W { self.inner.get_ref() }
/// Gets a mutable reference to the underlying writer.
///
/// Caution must be taken when calling methods on the mutable reference
/// returned as extra writes could corrupt the output stream.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::fs::File;
/// use std::io::LineWriter;
///
/// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
/// let file = File::create("poem.txt")?;
/// let mut file = LineWriter::new(file);
///
/// // we can use reference just like file
/// let reference = file.get_mut();
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut W { self.inner.get_mut() }
/// Unwraps this `LineWriter`, returning the underlying writer.
///
/// The internal buffer is written out before returning the writer.
///
// # Errors
///
/// An `Err` will be returned if an error occurs while flushing the buffer.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::fs::File;
/// use std::io::LineWriter;
///
/// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
/// let file = File::create("poem.txt")?;
///
/// let writer: LineWriter<File> = LineWriter::new(file);
///
/// let file: File = writer.into_inner()?;
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn into_inner(self) -> Result<W, IntoInnerError<LineWriter<W>>> {
self.inner.into_inner().map_err(|IntoInnerError(buf, e)| {
IntoInnerError(LineWriter {
inner: buf,
need_flush: false,
}, e)
})
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<W: Write> Write for LineWriter<W> {
fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
if self.need_flush {
self.flush()?;
}
// Find the last newline character in the buffer provided. If found then
// we're going to write all the data up to that point and then flush,
// otherewise we just write the whole block to the underlying writer.
let i = match memchr::memrchr(b'\n', buf) {
Some(i) => i,
None => return self.inner.write(buf),
};
// Ok, we're going to write a partial amount of the data given first
// followed by flushing the newline. After we've successfully written
// some data then we *must* report that we wrote that data, so future
// errors are ignored. We set our internal `need_flush` flag, though, in
// case flushing fails and we need to try it first next time.
let n = self.inner.write(&buf[..i + 1])?;
self.need_flush = true;
if self.flush().is_err() || n != i + 1 {
return Ok(n)
}
// At this point we successfully wrote `i + 1` bytes and flushed it out,
// meaning that the entire line is now flushed out on the screen. While
// we can attempt to finish writing the rest of the data provided.
// Remember though that we ignore errors here as we've successfully
// written data, so we need to report that.
match self.inner.write(&buf[i + 1..]) {
Ok(i) => Ok(n + i),
Err(_) => Ok(n),
}
}
fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
self.inner.flush()?;
self.need_flush = false;
Ok(())
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<W: Write> fmt::Debug for LineWriter<W> where W: fmt::Debug {
fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
fmt.debug_struct("LineWriter")
.field("writer", &self.inner.inner)
.field("buffer",
&format_args!("{}/{}", self.inner.buf.len(), self.inner.buf.capacity()))
.finish()
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use io::prelude::*;
use io::{self, BufReader, BufWriter, LineWriter, SeekFrom};
use sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
use thread;
use test;
/// A dummy reader intended at testing short-reads propagation.
pub struct ShortReader {
lengths: Vec<usize>,
}
impl Read for ShortReader {
fn read(&mut self, _: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
if self.lengths.is_empty() {
Ok(0)
} else {
Ok(self.lengths.remove(0))
}
}
}
#[test]
fn test_buffered_reader() {
let inner: &[u8] = &[5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];
let mut reader = BufReader::with_capacity(2, inner);
let mut buf = [0, 0, 0];
let nread = reader.read(&mut buf);
assert_eq!(nread.unwrap(), 3);
let b: &[_] = &[5, 6, 7];
assert_eq!(buf, b);
let mut buf = [0, 0];
let nread = reader.read(&mut buf);
assert_eq!(nread.unwrap(), 2);
let b: &[_] = &[0, 1];
assert_eq!(buf, b);
let mut buf = [0];
let nread = reader.read(&mut buf);
assert_eq!(nread.unwrap(), 1);
let b: &[_] = &[2];
assert_eq!(buf, b);
let mut buf = [0, 0, 0];
let nread = reader.read(&mut buf);
assert_eq!(nread.unwrap(), 1);
let b: &[_] = &[3, 0, 0];
assert_eq!(buf, b);
let nread = reader.read(&mut buf);
assert_eq!(nread.unwrap(), 1);
let b: &[_] = &[4, 0, 0];
assert_eq!(buf, b);
assert_eq!(reader.read(&mut buf).unwrap(), 0);
}
#[test]
fn test_buffered_reader_seek() {
let inner: &[u8] = &[5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];
let mut reader = BufReader::with_capacity(2, io::Cursor::new(inner));
assert_eq!(reader.seek(SeekFrom::Start(3)).ok(), Some(3));
assert_eq!(reader.fill_buf().ok(), Some(&[0, 1][..]));
assert_eq!(reader.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0)).ok(), Some(3));
assert_eq!(reader.fill_buf().ok(), Some(&[0, 1][..]));
assert_eq!(reader.seek(SeekFrom::Current(1)).ok(), Some(4));
assert_eq!(reader.fill_buf().ok(), Some(&[1, 2][..]));
reader.consume(1);
assert_eq!(reader.seek(SeekFrom::Current(-2)).ok(), Some(3));
}
#[test]
fn test_buffered_reader_seek_relative() {
let inner: &[u8] = &[5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];
let mut reader = BufReader::with_capacity(2, io::Cursor::new(inner));
assert!(reader.seek_relative(3).is_ok());
assert_eq!(reader.fill_buf().ok(), Some(&[0, 1][..]));
assert!(reader.seek_relative(0).is_ok());
assert_eq!(reader.fill_buf().ok(), Some(&[0, 1][..]));
assert!(reader.seek_relative(1).is_ok());
assert_eq!(reader.fill_buf().ok(), Some(&[1][..]));
assert!(reader.seek_relative(-1).is_ok());
assert_eq!(reader.fill_buf().ok(), Some(&[0, 1][..]));
assert!(reader.seek_relative(2).is_ok());
assert_eq!(reader.fill_buf().ok(), Some(&[2, 3][..]));
}
#[test]
fn test_buffered_reader_seek_underflow() {
// gimmick reader that yields its position modulo 256 for each byte
struct PositionReader {
pos: u64
}
impl Read for PositionReader {
fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
let len = buf.len();
for x in buf {
*x = self.pos as u8;
self.pos = self.pos.wrapping_add(1);
}
Ok(len)
}
}
impl Seek for PositionReader {
fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
match pos {
SeekFrom::Start(n) => {
self.pos = n;
}
SeekFrom::Current(n) => {
self.pos = self.pos.wrapping_add(n as u64);
}
SeekFrom::End(n) => {
self.pos = u64::max_value().wrapping_add(n as u64);
}
}
Ok(self.pos)
}
}
let mut reader = BufReader::with_capacity(5, PositionReader { pos: 0 });
assert_eq!(reader.fill_buf().ok(), Some(&[0, 1, 2, 3, 4][..]));
assert_eq!(reader.seek(SeekFrom::End(-5)).ok(), Some(u64::max_value()-5));
assert_eq!(reader.fill_buf().ok().map(|s| s.len()), Some(5));
// the following seek will require two underlying seeks
let expected = 9223372036854775802;
assert_eq!(reader.seek(SeekFrom::Current(i64::min_value())).ok(), Some(expected));
assert_eq!(reader.fill_buf().ok().map(|s| s.len()), Some(5));
// seeking to 0 should empty the buffer.
assert_eq!(reader.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0)).ok(), Some(expected));
assert_eq!(reader.get_ref().pos, expected);
}
#[test]
fn test_buffered_writer() {
let inner = Vec::new();
let mut writer = BufWriter::with_capacity(2, inner);
writer.write(&[0, 1]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), [0, 1]);
writer.write(&[2]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), [0, 1]);
writer.write(&[3]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), [0, 1]);
writer.flush().unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), [0, 1, 2, 3]);
writer.write(&[4]).unwrap();
writer.write(&[5]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), [0, 1, 2, 3]);
writer.write(&[6]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
writer.write(&[7, 8]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]);
writer.write(&[9, 10, 11]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]);
writer.flush().unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]);
}
#[test]
fn test_buffered_writer_inner_flushes() {
let mut w = BufWriter::with_capacity(3, Vec::new());
w.write(&[0, 1]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(*w.get_ref(), []);
let w = w.into_inner().unwrap();
assert_eq!(w, [0, 1]);
}
#[test]
fn test_buffered_writer_seek() {
let mut w = BufWriter::with_capacity(3, io::Cursor::new(Vec::new()));
w.write_all(&[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]).unwrap();
w.write_all(&[6, 7]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(w.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0)).ok(), Some(8));
assert_eq!(&w.get_ref().get_ref()[..], &[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7][..]);
assert_eq!(w.seek(SeekFrom::Start(2)).ok(), Some(2));
w.write_all(&[8, 9]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(&w.into_inner().unwrap().into_inner()[..], &[0, 1, 8, 9, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
}
#[test]
fn test_read_until() {
let inner: &[u8] = &[0, 1, 2, 1, 0];
let mut reader = BufReader::with_capacity(2, inner);
let mut v = Vec::new();
reader.read_until(0, &mut v).unwrap();
assert_eq!(v, [0]);
v.truncate(0);
reader.read_until(2, &mut v).unwrap();
assert_eq!(v, [1, 2]);
v.truncate(0);
reader.read_until(1, &mut v).unwrap();
assert_eq!(v, [1]);
v.truncate(0);
reader.read_until(8, &mut v).unwrap();
assert_eq!(v, [0]);
v.truncate(0);
reader.read_until(9, &mut v).unwrap();
assert_eq!(v, []);
}
#[test]
fn test_line_buffer_fail_flush() {
// Issue #32085
struct FailFlushWriter<'a>(&'a mut Vec<u8>);
impl<'a> Write for FailFlushWriter<'a> {
fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
self.0.extend_from_slice(buf);
Ok(buf.len())
}
fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "flush failed"))
}
}
let mut buf = Vec::new();
{
let mut writer = LineWriter::new(FailFlushWriter(&mut buf));
let to_write = b"abc\ndef";
if let Ok(written) = writer.write(to_write) {
assert!(written < to_write.len(), "didn't flush on new line");
// PASS
return;
}
}
assert!(buf.is_empty(), "write returned an error but wrote data");
}
#[test]
fn test_line_buffer() {
let mut writer = LineWriter::new(Vec::new());
writer.write(&[0]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), []);
writer.write(&[1]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), []);
writer.flush().unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), [0, 1]);
writer.write(&[0, b'\n', 1, b'\n', 2]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), [0, 1, 0, b'\n', 1, b'\n']);
writer.flush().unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), [0, 1, 0, b'\n', 1, b'\n', 2]);
writer.write(&[3, b'\n']).unwrap();
assert_eq!(*writer.get_ref(), [0, 1, 0, b'\n', 1, b'\n', 2, 3, b'\n']);
}
#[test]
fn test_read_line() {
let in_buf: &[u8] = b"a\nb\nc";
let mut reader = BufReader::with_capacity(2, in_buf);
let mut s = String::new();
reader.read_line(&mut s).unwrap();
assert_eq!(s, "a\n");
s.truncate(0);
reader.read_line(&mut s).unwrap();
assert_eq!(s, "b\n");
s.truncate(0);
reader.read_line(&mut s).unwrap();
assert_eq!(s, "c");
s.truncate(0);
reader.read_line(&mut s).unwrap();
assert_eq!(s, "");
}
#[test]
fn test_lines() {
let in_buf: &[u8] = b"a\nb\nc";
let reader = BufReader::with_capacity(2, in_buf);
let mut it = reader.lines();
assert_eq!(it.next().unwrap().unwrap(), "a".to_string());
assert_eq!(it.next().unwrap().unwrap(), "b".to_string());
assert_eq!(it.next().unwrap().unwrap(), "c".to_string());
assert!(it.next().is_none());
}
#[test]
fn test_short_reads() {
let inner = ShortReader{lengths: vec![0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0]};
let mut reader = BufReader::new(inner);
let mut buf = [0, 0];
assert_eq!(reader.read(&mut buf).unwrap(), 0);
assert_eq!(reader.read(&mut buf).unwrap(), 1);
assert_eq!(reader.read(&mut buf).unwrap(), 2);
assert_eq!(reader.read(&mut buf).unwrap(), 0);
assert_eq!(reader.read(&mut buf).unwrap(), 1);
assert_eq!(reader.read(&mut buf).unwrap(), 0);
assert_eq!(reader.read(&mut buf).unwrap(), 0);
}
#[test]
fn read_char_buffered() {
let buf = [195, 159];
let reader = BufReader::with_capacity(1, &buf[..]);
assert_eq!(reader.chars().next().unwrap().unwrap(), 'ß');
}
#[test]
fn test_chars() {
let buf = [195, 159, b'a'];
let reader = BufReader::with_capacity(1, &buf[..]);
let mut it = reader.chars();
assert_eq!(it.next().unwrap().unwrap(), 'ß');
assert_eq!(it.next().unwrap().unwrap(), 'a');
assert!(it.next().is_none());
}
#[test]
#[should_panic]
fn dont_panic_in_drop_on_panicked_flush() {
struct FailFlushWriter;
impl Write for FailFlushWriter {
fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> { Ok(buf.len()) }
fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
}
}
let writer = FailFlushWriter;
let _writer = BufWriter::new(writer);
// If writer panics *again* due to the flush error then the process will
// abort.
panic!();
}
#[test]
#[cfg_attr(target_os = "emscripten", ignore)]
fn panic_in_write_doesnt_flush_in_drop() {
static WRITES: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
struct PanicWriter;
impl Write for PanicWriter {
fn write(&mut self, _: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
WRITES.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
panic!();
}
fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
}
thread::spawn(|| {
let mut writer = BufWriter::new(PanicWriter);
let _ = writer.write(b"hello world");
let _ = writer.flush();
}).join().unwrap_err();
assert_eq!(WRITES.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
}
#[bench]
fn bench_buffered_reader(b: &mut test::Bencher) {
b.iter(|| {
BufReader::new(io::empty())
});
}
#[bench]
fn bench_buffered_writer(b: &mut test::Bencher) {
b.iter(|| {
BufWriter::new(io::sink())
});
}
struct AcceptOneThenFail {
written: bool,
flushed: bool,
}
impl Write for AcceptOneThenFail {
fn write(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
if !self.written {
assert_eq!(data, b"a\nb\n");
self.written = true;
Ok(data.len())
} else {
Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::NotFound, "test"))
}
}
fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
assert!(self.written);
assert!(!self.flushed);
self.flushed = true;
Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "test"))
}
}
#[test]
fn erroneous_flush_retried() {
let a = AcceptOneThenFail {
written: false,
flushed: false,
};
let mut l = LineWriter::new(a);
assert_eq!(l.write(b"a\nb\na").unwrap(), 4);
assert!(l.get_ref().written);
assert!(l.get_ref().flushed);
l.get_mut().flushed = false;
assert_eq!(l.write(b"a").unwrap_err().kind(), io::ErrorKind::Other)
}
}