blob: be615a5a8ef371a5706bba26dd893f7225510290 [file] [log] [blame]
use crate::cell::UnsafeCell;
use crate::fmt;
use crate::marker::PhantomData;
use crate::mem::MaybeUninit;
use crate::panic::{RefUnwindSafe, UnwindSafe};
use crate::sync::Once;
/// A synchronization primitive which can nominally be written to only once.
///
/// This type is a thread-safe [`OnceCell`], and can be used in statics.
/// In many simple cases, you can use [`LazyLock<T, F>`] instead to get the benefits of this type
/// with less effort: `LazyLock<T, F>` "looks like" `&T` because it initializes with `F` on deref!
/// Where OnceLock shines is when LazyLock is too simple to support a given case, as LazyLock
/// doesn't allow additional inputs to its function after you call [`LazyLock::new(|| ...)`].
///
/// [`OnceCell`]: crate::cell::OnceCell
/// [`LazyLock<T, F>`]: crate::sync::LazyLock
/// [`LazyLock::new(|| ...)`]: crate::sync::LazyLock::new
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Writing to a `OnceLock` from a separate thread:
///
/// ```
/// use std::sync::OnceLock;
///
/// static CELL: OnceLock<usize> = OnceLock::new();
///
/// // `OnceLock` has not been written to yet.
/// assert!(CELL.get().is_none());
///
/// // Spawn a thread and write to `OnceLock`.
/// std::thread::spawn(|| {
/// let value = CELL.get_or_init(|| 12345);
/// assert_eq!(value, &12345);
/// })
/// .join()
/// .unwrap();
///
/// // `OnceLock` now contains the value.
/// assert_eq!(
/// CELL.get(),
/// Some(&12345),
/// );
/// ```
///
/// You can use `OnceLock` to implement a type that requires "append-only" logic:
///
/// ```
/// use std::sync::{OnceLock, atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering}};
/// use std::thread;
///
/// struct OnceList<T> {
/// data: OnceLock<T>,
/// next: OnceLock<Box<OnceList<T>>>,
/// }
/// impl<T> OnceList<T> {
/// const fn new() -> OnceList<T> {
/// OnceList { data: OnceLock::new(), next: OnceLock::new() }
/// }
/// fn push(&self, value: T) {
/// // FIXME: this impl is concise, but is also slow for long lists or many threads.
/// // as an exercise, consider how you might improve on it while preserving the behavior
/// if let Err(value) = self.data.set(value) {
/// let next = self.next.get_or_init(|| Box::new(OnceList::new()));
/// next.push(value)
/// };
/// }
/// fn contains(&self, example: &T) -> bool
/// where
/// T: PartialEq,
/// {
/// self.data.get().map(|item| item == example).filter(|v| *v).unwrap_or_else(|| {
/// self.next.get().map(|next| next.contains(example)).unwrap_or(false)
/// })
/// }
/// }
///
/// // Let's exercise this new Sync append-only list by doing a little counting
/// static LIST: OnceList<u32> = OnceList::new();
/// static COUNTER: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0);
///
/// # const LEN: u32 = if cfg!(miri) { 50 } else { 1000 };
/// # /*
/// const LEN: u32 = 1000;
/// # */
/// thread::scope(|s| {
/// for _ in 0..thread::available_parallelism().unwrap().get() {
/// s.spawn(|| {
/// while let i @ 0..LEN = COUNTER.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed) {
/// LIST.push(i);
/// }
/// });
/// }
/// });
///
/// for i in 0..LEN {
/// assert!(LIST.contains(&i));
/// }
///
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
pub struct OnceLock<T> {
once: Once,
// Whether or not the value is initialized is tracked by `once.is_completed()`.
value: UnsafeCell<MaybeUninit<T>>,
/// `PhantomData` to make sure dropck understands we're dropping T in our Drop impl.
///
/// ```compile_fail,E0597
/// use std::sync::OnceLock;
///
/// struct A<'a>(&'a str);
///
/// impl<'a> Drop for A<'a> {
/// fn drop(&mut self) {}
/// }
///
/// let cell = OnceLock::new();
/// {
/// let s = String::new();
/// let _ = cell.set(A(&s));
/// }
/// ```
_marker: PhantomData<T>,
}
impl<T> OnceLock<T> {
/// Creates a new empty cell.
#[inline]
#[must_use]
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
#[rustc_const_stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
pub const fn new() -> OnceLock<T> {
OnceLock {
once: Once::new(),
value: UnsafeCell::new(MaybeUninit::uninit()),
_marker: PhantomData,
}
}
/// Gets the reference to the underlying value.
///
/// Returns `None` if the cell is empty, or being initialized. This
/// method never blocks.
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
pub fn get(&self) -> Option<&T> {
if self.is_initialized() {
// Safe b/c checked is_initialized
Some(unsafe { self.get_unchecked() })
} else {
None
}
}
/// Gets the mutable reference to the underlying value.
///
/// Returns `None` if the cell is empty. This method never blocks.
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> {
if self.is_initialized() {
// Safe b/c checked is_initialized and we have a unique access
Some(unsafe { self.get_unchecked_mut() })
} else {
None
}
}
/// Blocks the current thread until the cell is initialized.
///
/// # Example
///
/// Waiting for a computation on another thread to finish:
/// ```rust
/// #![feature(once_wait)]
///
/// use std::thread;
/// use std::sync::OnceLock;
///
/// let value = OnceLock::new();
///
/// thread::scope(|s| {
/// s.spawn(|| value.set(1 + 1));
///
/// let result = value.wait();
/// assert_eq!(result, &2);
/// })
/// ```
#[inline]
#[unstable(feature = "once_wait", issue = "127527")]
pub fn wait(&self) -> &T {
self.once.wait_force();
unsafe { self.get_unchecked() }
}
/// Sets the contents of this cell to `value`.
///
/// May block if another thread is currently attempting to initialize the cell. The cell is
/// guaranteed to contain a value when set returns, though not necessarily the one provided.
///
/// Returns `Ok(())` if the cell's value was set by this call.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::sync::OnceLock;
///
/// static CELL: OnceLock<i32> = OnceLock::new();
///
/// fn main() {
/// assert!(CELL.get().is_none());
///
/// std::thread::spawn(|| {
/// assert_eq!(CELL.set(92), Ok(()));
/// }).join().unwrap();
///
/// assert_eq!(CELL.set(62), Err(62));
/// assert_eq!(CELL.get(), Some(&92));
/// }
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
pub fn set(&self, value: T) -> Result<(), T> {
match self.try_insert(value) {
Ok(_) => Ok(()),
Err((_, value)) => Err(value),
}
}
/// Sets the contents of this cell to `value` if the cell was empty, then
/// returns a reference to it.
///
/// May block if another thread is currently attempting to initialize the cell. The cell is
/// guaranteed to contain a value when set returns, though not necessarily the one provided.
///
/// Returns `Ok(&value)` if the cell was empty and `Err(&current_value, value)` if it was full.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// #![feature(once_cell_try_insert)]
///
/// use std::sync::OnceLock;
///
/// static CELL: OnceLock<i32> = OnceLock::new();
///
/// fn main() {
/// assert!(CELL.get().is_none());
///
/// std::thread::spawn(|| {
/// assert_eq!(CELL.try_insert(92), Ok(&92));
/// }).join().unwrap();
///
/// assert_eq!(CELL.try_insert(62), Err((&92, 62)));
/// assert_eq!(CELL.get(), Some(&92));
/// }
/// ```
#[inline]
#[unstable(feature = "once_cell_try_insert", issue = "116693")]
pub fn try_insert(&self, value: T) -> Result<&T, (&T, T)> {
let mut value = Some(value);
let res = self.get_or_init(|| value.take().unwrap());
match value {
None => Ok(res),
Some(value) => Err((res, value)),
}
}
/// Gets the contents of the cell, initializing it with `f` if the cell
/// was empty.
///
/// Many threads may call `get_or_init` concurrently with different
/// initializing functions, but it is guaranteed that only one function
/// will be executed.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// If `f` panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and the cell
/// remains uninitialized.
///
/// It is an error to reentrantly initialize the cell from `f`. The
/// exact outcome is unspecified. Current implementation deadlocks, but
/// this may be changed to a panic in the future.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::sync::OnceLock;
///
/// let cell = OnceLock::new();
/// let value = cell.get_or_init(|| 92);
/// assert_eq!(value, &92);
/// let value = cell.get_or_init(|| unreachable!());
/// assert_eq!(value, &92);
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
pub fn get_or_init<F>(&self, f: F) -> &T
where
F: FnOnce() -> T,
{
match self.get_or_try_init(|| Ok::<T, !>(f())) {
Ok(val) => val,
}
}
/// Gets the mutable reference of the contents of the cell, initializing
/// it with `f` if the cell was empty.
///
/// This method never blocks.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// If `f` panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and the cell
/// remains uninitialized.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// #![feature(once_cell_get_mut)]
///
/// use std::sync::OnceLock;
///
/// let mut cell = OnceLock::new();
/// let value = cell.get_mut_or_init(|| 92);
/// assert_eq!(*value, 92);
///
/// *value += 2;
/// assert_eq!(*value, 94);
///
/// let value = cell.get_mut_or_init(|| unreachable!());
/// assert_eq!(*value, 94);
/// ```
#[inline]
#[unstable(feature = "once_cell_get_mut", issue = "121641")]
pub fn get_mut_or_init<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> &mut T
where
F: FnOnce() -> T,
{
match self.get_mut_or_try_init(|| Ok::<T, !>(f())) {
Ok(val) => val,
}
}
/// Gets the contents of the cell, initializing it with `f` if
/// the cell was empty. If the cell was empty and `f` failed, an
/// error is returned.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// If `f` panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and
/// the cell remains uninitialized.
///
/// It is an error to reentrantly initialize the cell from `f`.
/// The exact outcome is unspecified. Current implementation
/// deadlocks, but this may be changed to a panic in the future.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// #![feature(once_cell_try)]
///
/// use std::sync::OnceLock;
///
/// let cell = OnceLock::new();
/// assert_eq!(cell.get_or_try_init(|| Err(())), Err(()));
/// assert!(cell.get().is_none());
/// let value = cell.get_or_try_init(|| -> Result<i32, ()> {
/// Ok(92)
/// });
/// assert_eq!(value, Ok(&92));
/// assert_eq!(cell.get(), Some(&92))
/// ```
#[inline]
#[unstable(feature = "once_cell_try", issue = "109737")]
pub fn get_or_try_init<F, E>(&self, f: F) -> Result<&T, E>
where
F: FnOnce() -> Result<T, E>,
{
// Fast path check
// NOTE: We need to perform an acquire on the state in this method
// in order to correctly synchronize `LazyLock::force`. This is
// currently done by calling `self.get()`, which in turn calls
// `self.is_initialized()`, which in turn performs the acquire.
if let Some(value) = self.get() {
return Ok(value);
}
self.initialize(f)?;
debug_assert!(self.is_initialized());
// SAFETY: The inner value has been initialized
Ok(unsafe { self.get_unchecked() })
}
/// Gets the mutable reference of the contents of the cell, initializing
/// it with `f` if the cell was empty. If the cell was empty and `f` failed,
/// an error is returned.
///
/// This method never blocks.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// If `f` panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and
/// the cell remains uninitialized.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// #![feature(once_cell_get_mut)]
///
/// use std::sync::OnceLock;
///
/// let mut cell: OnceLock<u32> = OnceLock::new();
///
/// // Failed initializers do not change the value
/// assert!(cell.get_mut_or_try_init(|| "not a number!".parse()).is_err());
/// assert!(cell.get().is_none());
///
/// let value = cell.get_mut_or_try_init(|| "1234".parse());
/// assert_eq!(value, Ok(&mut 1234));
/// *value.unwrap() += 2;
/// assert_eq!(cell.get(), Some(&1236))
/// ```
#[inline]
#[unstable(feature = "once_cell_get_mut", issue = "121641")]
pub fn get_mut_or_try_init<F, E>(&mut self, f: F) -> Result<&mut T, E>
where
F: FnOnce() -> Result<T, E>,
{
if self.get().is_none() {
self.initialize(f)?;
}
debug_assert!(self.is_initialized());
// SAFETY: The inner value has been initialized
Ok(unsafe { self.get_unchecked_mut() })
}
/// Consumes the `OnceLock`, returning the wrapped value. Returns
/// `None` if the cell was empty.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::sync::OnceLock;
///
/// let cell: OnceLock<String> = OnceLock::new();
/// assert_eq!(cell.into_inner(), None);
///
/// let cell = OnceLock::new();
/// cell.set("hello".to_string()).unwrap();
/// assert_eq!(cell.into_inner(), Some("hello".to_string()));
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
pub fn into_inner(mut self) -> Option<T> {
self.take()
}
/// Takes the value out of this `OnceLock`, moving it back to an uninitialized state.
///
/// Has no effect and returns `None` if the `OnceLock` hasn't been initialized.
///
/// Safety is guaranteed by requiring a mutable reference.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::sync::OnceLock;
///
/// let mut cell: OnceLock<String> = OnceLock::new();
/// assert_eq!(cell.take(), None);
///
/// let mut cell = OnceLock::new();
/// cell.set("hello".to_string()).unwrap();
/// assert_eq!(cell.take(), Some("hello".to_string()));
/// assert_eq!(cell.get(), None);
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
pub fn take(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
if self.is_initialized() {
self.once = Once::new();
// SAFETY: `self.value` is initialized and contains a valid `T`.
// `self.once` is reset, so `is_initialized()` will be false again
// which prevents the value from being read twice.
unsafe { Some((&mut *self.value.get()).assume_init_read()) }
} else {
None
}
}
#[inline]
fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool {
self.once.is_completed()
}
#[cold]
#[optimize(size)]
fn initialize<F, E>(&self, f: F) -> Result<(), E>
where
F: FnOnce() -> Result<T, E>,
{
let mut res: Result<(), E> = Ok(());
let slot = &self.value;
// Ignore poisoning from other threads
// If another thread panics, then we'll be able to run our closure
self.once.call_once_force(|p| {
match f() {
Ok(value) => {
unsafe { (&mut *slot.get()).write(value) };
}
Err(e) => {
res = Err(e);
// Treat the underlying `Once` as poisoned since we
// failed to initialize our value.
p.poison();
}
}
});
res
}
/// # Safety
///
/// The value must be initialized
#[inline]
unsafe fn get_unchecked(&self) -> &T {
debug_assert!(self.is_initialized());
unsafe { (&*self.value.get()).assume_init_ref() }
}
/// # Safety
///
/// The value must be initialized
#[inline]
unsafe fn get_unchecked_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
debug_assert!(self.is_initialized());
unsafe { (&mut *self.value.get()).assume_init_mut() }
}
}
// Why do we need `T: Send`?
// Thread A creates a `OnceLock` and shares it with
// scoped thread B, which fills the cell, which is
// then destroyed by A. That is, destructor observes
// a sent value.
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
unsafe impl<T: Sync + Send> Sync for OnceLock<T> {}
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
unsafe impl<T: Send> Send for OnceLock<T> {}
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
impl<T: RefUnwindSafe + UnwindSafe> RefUnwindSafe for OnceLock<T> {}
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
impl<T: UnwindSafe> UnwindSafe for OnceLock<T> {}
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
impl<T> Default for OnceLock<T> {
/// Creates a new empty cell.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use std::sync::OnceLock;
///
/// fn main() {
/// assert_eq!(OnceLock::<()>::new(), OnceLock::default());
/// }
/// ```
#[inline]
fn default() -> OnceLock<T> {
OnceLock::new()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for OnceLock<T> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
let mut d = f.debug_tuple("OnceLock");
match self.get() {
Some(v) => d.field(v),
None => d.field(&format_args!("<uninit>")),
};
d.finish()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
impl<T: Clone> Clone for OnceLock<T> {
#[inline]
fn clone(&self) -> OnceLock<T> {
let cell = Self::new();
if let Some(value) = self.get() {
match cell.set(value.clone()) {
Ok(()) => (),
Err(_) => unreachable!(),
}
}
cell
}
}
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
impl<T> From<T> for OnceLock<T> {
/// Creates a new cell with its contents set to `value`.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use std::sync::OnceLock;
///
/// # fn main() -> Result<(), i32> {
/// let a = OnceLock::from(3);
/// let b = OnceLock::new();
/// b.set(3)?;
/// assert_eq!(a, b);
/// Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[inline]
fn from(value: T) -> Self {
let cell = Self::new();
match cell.set(value) {
Ok(()) => cell,
Err(_) => unreachable!(),
}
}
}
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq for OnceLock<T> {
#[inline]
fn eq(&self, other: &OnceLock<T>) -> bool {
self.get() == other.get()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
impl<T: Eq> Eq for OnceLock<T> {}
#[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")]
unsafe impl<#[may_dangle] T> Drop for OnceLock<T> {
#[inline]
fn drop(&mut self) {
if self.is_initialized() {
// SAFETY: The cell is initialized and being dropped, so it can't
// be accessed again. We also don't touch the `T` other than
// dropping it, which validates our usage of #[may_dangle].
unsafe { (&mut *self.value.get()).assume_init_drop() };
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;