| use crate::cell::UnsafeCell; |
| use crate::fmt; |
| use crate::marker::PhantomData; |
| use crate::mem::MaybeUninit; |
| use crate::panic::{RefUnwindSafe, UnwindSafe}; |
| use crate::sync::Once; |
| |
| /// A synchronization primitive which can nominally be written to only once. |
| /// |
| /// This type is a thread-safe [`OnceCell`], and can be used in statics. |
| /// In many simple cases, you can use [`LazyLock<T, F>`] instead to get the benefits of this type |
| /// with less effort: `LazyLock<T, F>` "looks like" `&T` because it initializes with `F` on deref! |
| /// Where OnceLock shines is when LazyLock is too simple to support a given case, as LazyLock |
| /// doesn't allow additional inputs to its function after you call [`LazyLock::new(|| ...)`]. |
| /// |
| /// [`OnceCell`]: crate::cell::OnceCell |
| /// [`LazyLock<T, F>`]: crate::sync::LazyLock |
| /// [`LazyLock::new(|| ...)`]: crate::sync::LazyLock::new |
| /// |
| /// # Examples |
| /// |
| /// Writing to a `OnceLock` from a separate thread: |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// use std::sync::OnceLock; |
| /// |
| /// static CELL: OnceLock<usize> = OnceLock::new(); |
| /// |
| /// // `OnceLock` has not been written to yet. |
| /// assert!(CELL.get().is_none()); |
| /// |
| /// // Spawn a thread and write to `OnceLock`. |
| /// std::thread::spawn(|| { |
| /// let value = CELL.get_or_init(|| 12345); |
| /// assert_eq!(value, &12345); |
| /// }) |
| /// .join() |
| /// .unwrap(); |
| /// |
| /// // `OnceLock` now contains the value. |
| /// assert_eq!( |
| /// CELL.get(), |
| /// Some(&12345), |
| /// ); |
| /// ``` |
| /// |
| /// You can use `OnceLock` to implement a type that requires "append-only" logic: |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// use std::sync::{OnceLock, atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering}}; |
| /// use std::thread; |
| /// |
| /// struct OnceList<T> { |
| /// data: OnceLock<T>, |
| /// next: OnceLock<Box<OnceList<T>>>, |
| /// } |
| /// impl<T> OnceList<T> { |
| /// const fn new() -> OnceList<T> { |
| /// OnceList { data: OnceLock::new(), next: OnceLock::new() } |
| /// } |
| /// fn push(&self, value: T) { |
| /// // FIXME: this impl is concise, but is also slow for long lists or many threads. |
| /// // as an exercise, consider how you might improve on it while preserving the behavior |
| /// if let Err(value) = self.data.set(value) { |
| /// let next = self.next.get_or_init(|| Box::new(OnceList::new())); |
| /// next.push(value) |
| /// }; |
| /// } |
| /// fn contains(&self, example: &T) -> bool |
| /// where |
| /// T: PartialEq, |
| /// { |
| /// self.data.get().map(|item| item == example).filter(|v| *v).unwrap_or_else(|| { |
| /// self.next.get().map(|next| next.contains(example)).unwrap_or(false) |
| /// }) |
| /// } |
| /// } |
| /// |
| /// // Let's exercise this new Sync append-only list by doing a little counting |
| /// static LIST: OnceList<u32> = OnceList::new(); |
| /// static COUNTER: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0); |
| /// |
| /// # const LEN: u32 = if cfg!(miri) { 50 } else { 1000 }; |
| /// # /* |
| /// const LEN: u32 = 1000; |
| /// # */ |
| /// thread::scope(|s| { |
| /// for _ in 0..thread::available_parallelism().unwrap().get() { |
| /// s.spawn(|| { |
| /// while let i @ 0..LEN = COUNTER.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed) { |
| /// LIST.push(i); |
| /// } |
| /// }); |
| /// } |
| /// }); |
| /// |
| /// for i in 0..LEN { |
| /// assert!(LIST.contains(&i)); |
| /// } |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| pub struct OnceLock<T> { |
| once: Once, |
| // Whether or not the value is initialized is tracked by `once.is_completed()`. |
| value: UnsafeCell<MaybeUninit<T>>, |
| /// `PhantomData` to make sure dropck understands we're dropping T in our Drop impl. |
| /// |
| /// ```compile_fail,E0597 |
| /// use std::sync::OnceLock; |
| /// |
| /// struct A<'a>(&'a str); |
| /// |
| /// impl<'a> Drop for A<'a> { |
| /// fn drop(&mut self) {} |
| /// } |
| /// |
| /// let cell = OnceLock::new(); |
| /// { |
| /// let s = String::new(); |
| /// let _ = cell.set(A(&s)); |
| /// } |
| /// ``` |
| _marker: PhantomData<T>, |
| } |
| |
| impl<T> OnceLock<T> { |
| /// Creates a new empty cell. |
| #[inline] |
| #[must_use] |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| pub const fn new() -> OnceLock<T> { |
| OnceLock { |
| once: Once::new(), |
| value: UnsafeCell::new(MaybeUninit::uninit()), |
| _marker: PhantomData, |
| } |
| } |
| |
| /// Gets the reference to the underlying value. |
| /// |
| /// Returns `None` if the cell is empty, or being initialized. This |
| /// method never blocks. |
| #[inline] |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| pub fn get(&self) -> Option<&T> { |
| if self.is_initialized() { |
| // Safe b/c checked is_initialized |
| Some(unsafe { self.get_unchecked() }) |
| } else { |
| None |
| } |
| } |
| |
| /// Gets the mutable reference to the underlying value. |
| /// |
| /// Returns `None` if the cell is empty. This method never blocks. |
| #[inline] |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> { |
| if self.is_initialized() { |
| // Safe b/c checked is_initialized and we have a unique access |
| Some(unsafe { self.get_unchecked_mut() }) |
| } else { |
| None |
| } |
| } |
| |
| /// Blocks the current thread until the cell is initialized. |
| /// |
| /// # Example |
| /// |
| /// Waiting for a computation on another thread to finish: |
| /// ```rust |
| /// #![feature(once_wait)] |
| /// |
| /// use std::thread; |
| /// use std::sync::OnceLock; |
| /// |
| /// let value = OnceLock::new(); |
| /// |
| /// thread::scope(|s| { |
| /// s.spawn(|| value.set(1 + 1)); |
| /// |
| /// let result = value.wait(); |
| /// assert_eq!(result, &2); |
| /// }) |
| /// ``` |
| #[inline] |
| #[unstable(feature = "once_wait", issue = "127527")] |
| pub fn wait(&self) -> &T { |
| self.once.wait_force(); |
| |
| unsafe { self.get_unchecked() } |
| } |
| |
| /// Sets the contents of this cell to `value`. |
| /// |
| /// May block if another thread is currently attempting to initialize the cell. The cell is |
| /// guaranteed to contain a value when set returns, though not necessarily the one provided. |
| /// |
| /// Returns `Ok(())` if the cell's value was set by this call. |
| /// |
| /// # Examples |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// use std::sync::OnceLock; |
| /// |
| /// static CELL: OnceLock<i32> = OnceLock::new(); |
| /// |
| /// fn main() { |
| /// assert!(CELL.get().is_none()); |
| /// |
| /// std::thread::spawn(|| { |
| /// assert_eq!(CELL.set(92), Ok(())); |
| /// }).join().unwrap(); |
| /// |
| /// assert_eq!(CELL.set(62), Err(62)); |
| /// assert_eq!(CELL.get(), Some(&92)); |
| /// } |
| /// ``` |
| #[inline] |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| pub fn set(&self, value: T) -> Result<(), T> { |
| match self.try_insert(value) { |
| Ok(_) => Ok(()), |
| Err((_, value)) => Err(value), |
| } |
| } |
| |
| /// Sets the contents of this cell to `value` if the cell was empty, then |
| /// returns a reference to it. |
| /// |
| /// May block if another thread is currently attempting to initialize the cell. The cell is |
| /// guaranteed to contain a value when set returns, though not necessarily the one provided. |
| /// |
| /// Returns `Ok(&value)` if the cell was empty and `Err(¤t_value, value)` if it was full. |
| /// |
| /// # Examples |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// #![feature(once_cell_try_insert)] |
| /// |
| /// use std::sync::OnceLock; |
| /// |
| /// static CELL: OnceLock<i32> = OnceLock::new(); |
| /// |
| /// fn main() { |
| /// assert!(CELL.get().is_none()); |
| /// |
| /// std::thread::spawn(|| { |
| /// assert_eq!(CELL.try_insert(92), Ok(&92)); |
| /// }).join().unwrap(); |
| /// |
| /// assert_eq!(CELL.try_insert(62), Err((&92, 62))); |
| /// assert_eq!(CELL.get(), Some(&92)); |
| /// } |
| /// ``` |
| #[inline] |
| #[unstable(feature = "once_cell_try_insert", issue = "116693")] |
| pub fn try_insert(&self, value: T) -> Result<&T, (&T, T)> { |
| let mut value = Some(value); |
| let res = self.get_or_init(|| value.take().unwrap()); |
| match value { |
| None => Ok(res), |
| Some(value) => Err((res, value)), |
| } |
| } |
| |
| /// Gets the contents of the cell, initializing it with `f` if the cell |
| /// was empty. |
| /// |
| /// Many threads may call `get_or_init` concurrently with different |
| /// initializing functions, but it is guaranteed that only one function |
| /// will be executed. |
| /// |
| /// # Panics |
| /// |
| /// If `f` panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and the cell |
| /// remains uninitialized. |
| /// |
| /// It is an error to reentrantly initialize the cell from `f`. The |
| /// exact outcome is unspecified. Current implementation deadlocks, but |
| /// this may be changed to a panic in the future. |
| /// |
| /// # Examples |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// use std::sync::OnceLock; |
| /// |
| /// let cell = OnceLock::new(); |
| /// let value = cell.get_or_init(|| 92); |
| /// assert_eq!(value, &92); |
| /// let value = cell.get_or_init(|| unreachable!()); |
| /// assert_eq!(value, &92); |
| /// ``` |
| #[inline] |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| pub fn get_or_init<F>(&self, f: F) -> &T |
| where |
| F: FnOnce() -> T, |
| { |
| match self.get_or_try_init(|| Ok::<T, !>(f())) { |
| Ok(val) => val, |
| } |
| } |
| |
| /// Gets the mutable reference of the contents of the cell, initializing |
| /// it with `f` if the cell was empty. |
| /// |
| /// This method never blocks. |
| /// |
| /// # Panics |
| /// |
| /// If `f` panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and the cell |
| /// remains uninitialized. |
| /// |
| /// # Examples |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// #![feature(once_cell_get_mut)] |
| /// |
| /// use std::sync::OnceLock; |
| /// |
| /// let mut cell = OnceLock::new(); |
| /// let value = cell.get_mut_or_init(|| 92); |
| /// assert_eq!(*value, 92); |
| /// |
| /// *value += 2; |
| /// assert_eq!(*value, 94); |
| /// |
| /// let value = cell.get_mut_or_init(|| unreachable!()); |
| /// assert_eq!(*value, 94); |
| /// ``` |
| #[inline] |
| #[unstable(feature = "once_cell_get_mut", issue = "121641")] |
| pub fn get_mut_or_init<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> &mut T |
| where |
| F: FnOnce() -> T, |
| { |
| match self.get_mut_or_try_init(|| Ok::<T, !>(f())) { |
| Ok(val) => val, |
| } |
| } |
| |
| /// Gets the contents of the cell, initializing it with `f` if |
| /// the cell was empty. If the cell was empty and `f` failed, an |
| /// error is returned. |
| /// |
| /// # Panics |
| /// |
| /// If `f` panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and |
| /// the cell remains uninitialized. |
| /// |
| /// It is an error to reentrantly initialize the cell from `f`. |
| /// The exact outcome is unspecified. Current implementation |
| /// deadlocks, but this may be changed to a panic in the future. |
| /// |
| /// # Examples |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// #![feature(once_cell_try)] |
| /// |
| /// use std::sync::OnceLock; |
| /// |
| /// let cell = OnceLock::new(); |
| /// assert_eq!(cell.get_or_try_init(|| Err(())), Err(())); |
| /// assert!(cell.get().is_none()); |
| /// let value = cell.get_or_try_init(|| -> Result<i32, ()> { |
| /// Ok(92) |
| /// }); |
| /// assert_eq!(value, Ok(&92)); |
| /// assert_eq!(cell.get(), Some(&92)) |
| /// ``` |
| #[inline] |
| #[unstable(feature = "once_cell_try", issue = "109737")] |
| pub fn get_or_try_init<F, E>(&self, f: F) -> Result<&T, E> |
| where |
| F: FnOnce() -> Result<T, E>, |
| { |
| // Fast path check |
| // NOTE: We need to perform an acquire on the state in this method |
| // in order to correctly synchronize `LazyLock::force`. This is |
| // currently done by calling `self.get()`, which in turn calls |
| // `self.is_initialized()`, which in turn performs the acquire. |
| if let Some(value) = self.get() { |
| return Ok(value); |
| } |
| self.initialize(f)?; |
| |
| debug_assert!(self.is_initialized()); |
| |
| // SAFETY: The inner value has been initialized |
| Ok(unsafe { self.get_unchecked() }) |
| } |
| |
| /// Gets the mutable reference of the contents of the cell, initializing |
| /// it with `f` if the cell was empty. If the cell was empty and `f` failed, |
| /// an error is returned. |
| /// |
| /// This method never blocks. |
| /// |
| /// # Panics |
| /// |
| /// If `f` panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and |
| /// the cell remains uninitialized. |
| /// |
| /// # Examples |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// #![feature(once_cell_get_mut)] |
| /// |
| /// use std::sync::OnceLock; |
| /// |
| /// let mut cell: OnceLock<u32> = OnceLock::new(); |
| /// |
| /// // Failed initializers do not change the value |
| /// assert!(cell.get_mut_or_try_init(|| "not a number!".parse()).is_err()); |
| /// assert!(cell.get().is_none()); |
| /// |
| /// let value = cell.get_mut_or_try_init(|| "1234".parse()); |
| /// assert_eq!(value, Ok(&mut 1234)); |
| /// *value.unwrap() += 2; |
| /// assert_eq!(cell.get(), Some(&1236)) |
| /// ``` |
| #[inline] |
| #[unstable(feature = "once_cell_get_mut", issue = "121641")] |
| pub fn get_mut_or_try_init<F, E>(&mut self, f: F) -> Result<&mut T, E> |
| where |
| F: FnOnce() -> Result<T, E>, |
| { |
| if self.get().is_none() { |
| self.initialize(f)?; |
| } |
| debug_assert!(self.is_initialized()); |
| // SAFETY: The inner value has been initialized |
| Ok(unsafe { self.get_unchecked_mut() }) |
| } |
| |
| /// Consumes the `OnceLock`, returning the wrapped value. Returns |
| /// `None` if the cell was empty. |
| /// |
| /// # Examples |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// use std::sync::OnceLock; |
| /// |
| /// let cell: OnceLock<String> = OnceLock::new(); |
| /// assert_eq!(cell.into_inner(), None); |
| /// |
| /// let cell = OnceLock::new(); |
| /// cell.set("hello".to_string()).unwrap(); |
| /// assert_eq!(cell.into_inner(), Some("hello".to_string())); |
| /// ``` |
| #[inline] |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| pub fn into_inner(mut self) -> Option<T> { |
| self.take() |
| } |
| |
| /// Takes the value out of this `OnceLock`, moving it back to an uninitialized state. |
| /// |
| /// Has no effect and returns `None` if the `OnceLock` hasn't been initialized. |
| /// |
| /// Safety is guaranteed by requiring a mutable reference. |
| /// |
| /// # Examples |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// use std::sync::OnceLock; |
| /// |
| /// let mut cell: OnceLock<String> = OnceLock::new(); |
| /// assert_eq!(cell.take(), None); |
| /// |
| /// let mut cell = OnceLock::new(); |
| /// cell.set("hello".to_string()).unwrap(); |
| /// assert_eq!(cell.take(), Some("hello".to_string())); |
| /// assert_eq!(cell.get(), None); |
| /// ``` |
| #[inline] |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| pub fn take(&mut self) -> Option<T> { |
| if self.is_initialized() { |
| self.once = Once::new(); |
| // SAFETY: `self.value` is initialized and contains a valid `T`. |
| // `self.once` is reset, so `is_initialized()` will be false again |
| // which prevents the value from being read twice. |
| unsafe { Some((&mut *self.value.get()).assume_init_read()) } |
| } else { |
| None |
| } |
| } |
| |
| #[inline] |
| fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool { |
| self.once.is_completed() |
| } |
| |
| #[cold] |
| #[optimize(size)] |
| fn initialize<F, E>(&self, f: F) -> Result<(), E> |
| where |
| F: FnOnce() -> Result<T, E>, |
| { |
| let mut res: Result<(), E> = Ok(()); |
| let slot = &self.value; |
| |
| // Ignore poisoning from other threads |
| // If another thread panics, then we'll be able to run our closure |
| self.once.call_once_force(|p| { |
| match f() { |
| Ok(value) => { |
| unsafe { (&mut *slot.get()).write(value) }; |
| } |
| Err(e) => { |
| res = Err(e); |
| |
| // Treat the underlying `Once` as poisoned since we |
| // failed to initialize our value. |
| p.poison(); |
| } |
| } |
| }); |
| res |
| } |
| |
| /// # Safety |
| /// |
| /// The value must be initialized |
| #[inline] |
| unsafe fn get_unchecked(&self) -> &T { |
| debug_assert!(self.is_initialized()); |
| unsafe { (&*self.value.get()).assume_init_ref() } |
| } |
| |
| /// # Safety |
| /// |
| /// The value must be initialized |
| #[inline] |
| unsafe fn get_unchecked_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T { |
| debug_assert!(self.is_initialized()); |
| unsafe { (&mut *self.value.get()).assume_init_mut() } |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // Why do we need `T: Send`? |
| // Thread A creates a `OnceLock` and shares it with |
| // scoped thread B, which fills the cell, which is |
| // then destroyed by A. That is, destructor observes |
| // a sent value. |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| unsafe impl<T: Sync + Send> Sync for OnceLock<T> {} |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| unsafe impl<T: Send> Send for OnceLock<T> {} |
| |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| impl<T: RefUnwindSafe + UnwindSafe> RefUnwindSafe for OnceLock<T> {} |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| impl<T: UnwindSafe> UnwindSafe for OnceLock<T> {} |
| |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| impl<T> Default for OnceLock<T> { |
| /// Creates a new empty cell. |
| /// |
| /// # Example |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// use std::sync::OnceLock; |
| /// |
| /// fn main() { |
| /// assert_eq!(OnceLock::<()>::new(), OnceLock::default()); |
| /// } |
| /// ``` |
| #[inline] |
| fn default() -> OnceLock<T> { |
| OnceLock::new() |
| } |
| } |
| |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for OnceLock<T> { |
| fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { |
| let mut d = f.debug_tuple("OnceLock"); |
| match self.get() { |
| Some(v) => d.field(v), |
| None => d.field(&format_args!("<uninit>")), |
| }; |
| d.finish() |
| } |
| } |
| |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| impl<T: Clone> Clone for OnceLock<T> { |
| #[inline] |
| fn clone(&self) -> OnceLock<T> { |
| let cell = Self::new(); |
| if let Some(value) = self.get() { |
| match cell.set(value.clone()) { |
| Ok(()) => (), |
| Err(_) => unreachable!(), |
| } |
| } |
| cell |
| } |
| } |
| |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| impl<T> From<T> for OnceLock<T> { |
| /// Creates a new cell with its contents set to `value`. |
| /// |
| /// # Example |
| /// |
| /// ``` |
| /// use std::sync::OnceLock; |
| /// |
| /// # fn main() -> Result<(), i32> { |
| /// let a = OnceLock::from(3); |
| /// let b = OnceLock::new(); |
| /// b.set(3)?; |
| /// assert_eq!(a, b); |
| /// Ok(()) |
| /// # } |
| /// ``` |
| #[inline] |
| fn from(value: T) -> Self { |
| let cell = Self::new(); |
| match cell.set(value) { |
| Ok(()) => cell, |
| Err(_) => unreachable!(), |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq for OnceLock<T> { |
| #[inline] |
| fn eq(&self, other: &OnceLock<T>) -> bool { |
| self.get() == other.get() |
| } |
| } |
| |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| impl<T: Eq> Eq for OnceLock<T> {} |
| |
| #[stable(feature = "once_cell", since = "1.70.0")] |
| unsafe impl<#[may_dangle] T> Drop for OnceLock<T> { |
| #[inline] |
| fn drop(&mut self) { |
| if self.is_initialized() { |
| // SAFETY: The cell is initialized and being dropped, so it can't |
| // be accessed again. We also don't touch the `T` other than |
| // dropping it, which validates our usage of #[may_dangle]. |
| unsafe { (&mut *self.value.get()).assume_init_drop() }; |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| |
| #[cfg(test)] |
| mod tests; |