blob: b18eebbd68722c48859a7dfa86545a05031f5642 [file] [log] [blame] [edit]
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Copyright 2020 The Fuchsia Authors. All rights reserved.
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
# found in the LICENSE file.
from __future__ import print_function
import argparse
import functools
import json
import logging
import os
import platform
import stat
import subprocess
import sys
import time
import typing
from typing import List
try:
global CGPT_BIN
import paths
CGPT_BIN = os.path.join(paths.PREBUILT_DIR, 'tools/cgpt',
paths.PREBUILT_PLATFORM, 'cgpt')
except ImportError as e:
# If we're being run via `fx`, we take paths for cgpt and the Fuchsia images from
# the `import paths` above. Otherwise, we expect the paths to be provided via
# command-line arguments. The command-line arguments also override the autodetected
# paths if they're both present.
pass
if sys.hexversion < 0x030700F0:
logging.critical(
'This script requires Python >= 3.7 to run (you have %s), please upgrade!'
% (platform.python_version()),
file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
WORKSTATION_INSTALLER_GPT_GUID = '4dce98ce-e77e-45c1-a863-caf92f1330c1'
def make_unique_name(name, type):
return f'{name}_{type}'
class ManifestImage:
""" Represents an entry in the 'images.json' manifest that will be installed to disk. """
def __init__(self, name: str, guids: List[str], type: str):
"""
Args:
name: 'name' of the partition in the image manifest.
guids: List of GPT GUIDs that this partition should be written to the disk with.
type: 'type' of the partition in the image manifest.
"""
self.name = name
self.guids = guids
self.type = type
def unique_name(self):
return make_unique_name(self.name, self.type)
# This is the list of Fuchsia build images we write to the final image,
# and the partition types they will have (passed to cgpt)
IMAGES = [
# Standard x64 partitions
# This is the zedboot image, which is actually booted.
ManifestImage('zedboot-efi', ['efi'], 'blk'),
# This is the EFI system partition that will be installed to the target.
ManifestImage('efi', [WORKSTATION_INSTALLER_GPT_GUID], 'blk'),
ManifestImage('zircon-a', [WORKSTATION_INSTALLER_GPT_GUID], 'zbi'),
ManifestImage('zircon-r', [WORKSTATION_INSTALLER_GPT_GUID], 'zbi'),
# ChromeOS partitions
# The zircon-r.signed partition is used as both zedboot on the installation
# disk and also the installed zircon-r partition.
ManifestImage('zircon-r.signed', ['kernel', WORKSTATION_INSTALLER_GPT_GUID], 'zbi.signed'),
ManifestImage('zircon-a.signed', [WORKSTATION_INSTALLER_GPT_GUID], 'zbi.signed'),
# Common partitions - installed everywhere.
ManifestImage('storage-sparse', [WORKSTATION_INSTALLER_GPT_GUID], 'blk'),
]
def ParseSize(size):
"""Parse a size.
Args:
size: '<number><suffix>', where suffix is 'K', 'M', or 'G'.
Returns:
A size in bytes equivalent to the human-readable size given.
Raises:
A ValueError if <suffix> is unrecognised or <number> is not a base-10
number.
"""
units = ['K', 'M', 'G']
if size.isdigit():
return int(size)
else:
unit = size[-1].upper()
size_bytes = int(size[:-1]) * 1024
if unit not in units:
raise ValueError('unrecognised unit suffix "{}" for size {}'.format(
unit, size))
while units.pop(0) != unit:
size_bytes *= 1024
return size_bytes
def PrettySize(size):
"""Returns a size in bytes as a human-readable string."""
units = 'BKMGT'
unit = 0
# By the time we get to 3072, the error caused by
# shifting units is <2%, so we don't care.
while size > 3072 and unit < len(units) - 1:
size /= 1024
unit += 1
return '{:1.1f}{}'.format(size, units[unit])
class Partition:
"""Represents a single partition to be written to the disk.
Attributes:
label: label of the partition on the output image.
path: path of the file that is going to be written to the partition on
the host.
real_size: size of the file on the host, in bytes.
size: size of the partition, in bytes. This may not match real_size due
to sector size alignment or EFI partition rules.
type: type of the partition, passed to `cgpt`.
"""
FAT32_MIN_SIZE = (63 * 1024 * 1024)
def __init__(self, path, part_type, label, size: typing.Optional[int] = None):
self.path = path
self.type = part_type
self.label = label
# Calculate sector-aligned size of this file.
if path:
stat_result = os.stat(path)
if not stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
raise ValueError('{} is not a regular file.'.format(path))
rounded_size = stat_result.st_size
size = stat_result.st_size
elif size:
rounded_size = size
else:
raise ValueError('Expected a source file or size')
if rounded_size % Image.SECTOR_SIZE != 0:
rounded_size += Image.SECTOR_SIZE
rounded_size -= rounded_size % Image.SECTOR_SIZE
if self.type == 'efi':
# Gigaboot won't be able to load zedboot.bin from an EFI partition that's
# too small, so we ensure the partition is at least big enough for it to
# work.
rounded_size = max(Partition.FAT32_MIN_SIZE, rounded_size)
self.real_size = size
self.size = rounded_size
class Image:
"""Represents a single disk image to be written.
Attributes:
filename: output filename of the image.
is_usb: True if writing to a USB, False if creating an image on the
host.
file: filehandle to the output image. Held open while we work to prevent
auto-mounting of USB.
block_size: number of bytes to write at a time to the disk.
file_size: total size of the image, in bytes
partitions: list of |Partition| objects to write to disk.
"""
SECTOR_SIZE = 512
GPT_SECTORS = 2048
CROS_RESERVED_SECTORS = 2048
def __init__(self, filename, is_usb, block_size):
self.filename = filename
self.is_usb = is_usb
self.file = open(filename, mode='wb')
self.block_size = block_size
# Allocate space for the primary and backup GPTs
self.file_size = 2 * Image.GPT_SECTORS * Image.SECTOR_SIZE
self.partitions = []
# Set up the ChromeOS reserved partition.
reserved_part = Partition(None, 'reserved', 'reserved',
self.CROS_RESERVED_SECTORS * self.SECTOR_SIZE)
self.AddPartition(reserved_part)
def _Cgpt(self, args):
args = [CGPT_BIN] + args
return subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True)
def _CgptAdd(self, part, offset):
"""Add a partition to the GPT represnted by thsis |Image|.
Args:
part: partition to add
offset: offset to add partition at. Must be a multiple of SECTOR_SIZE.
Returns:
True if add succeded, False if it failed.
"""
if offset % Image.SECTOR_SIZE != 0:
raise ValueError('Offset must be a multiple of SECTOR_SIZE!')
if part.size % Image.SECTOR_SIZE != 0:
raise ValueError('Size must be a multiple of SECTOR_SIZE!')
size = part.size // Image.SECTOR_SIZE
offset //= Image.SECTOR_SIZE
cgpt_args = ['add', '-s', str(size), '-t', part.type, '-b', str(offset),
'-l', part.label, self.filename]
if part.type == 'kernel':
# Mark CrOS kernel partition as bootable.
# We assume that the disk will only have 1 kernel partition.
# -T 1 = Bootloader will try to boot this partition once.
# -S 0 = This partition has been successfully booted.
# -P 2 = Partition priority is 2. Partition with the highest priority gets
# booted.
cgpt_args += ['-T', '1', '-S', '1', '-P', '2']
ret = self._Cgpt(cgpt_args)
if ret.returncode != 0:
logging.critical('\n'
'======= CGPT ADD FAILED! =======\n'
'Maybe your disk is too small?\n')
logging.error(ret.stdout)
logging.error(ret.stderr)
return False
return True
def AddPartition(self, partition):
"""Add a partition to the outputted disk image.
This function does not write any data - call Finalise() to write the
disk image once all partitions have been added.
Args:
partition: partition to add
"""
self.partitions.append(partition)
self.file_size += partition.size
def WritePart(self, part, offset):
"""Writes data to a partition on the output device.
Args:
part: partiton to write
offset: offset in bytes to write to
"""
if part.path is None:
return
self.file.seek(offset, 0)
written = 0
logging.info(
' Writing image {} to partition {}... '.format(
part.path.split('/')[-1], part.label)
)
with open(part.path, 'rb') as fh:
start = time.perf_counter()
for block in iter(functools.partial(fh.read, self.block_size), b''):
written += len(block)
self.file.write(block)
# flush and fsync to get accurate timing results
self.file.flush()
os.fsync(self.file.fileno())
finish = time.perf_counter()
per_second = written / (finish - start)
logging.info(' Wrote {} in {:1.2f}s, {}/s'.format(
PrettySize(written), finish - start, PrettySize(per_second)))
def Finalise(self):
"""Write all the partitions this image represents to disk/file."""
if not self.is_usb:
# first, make sure the file is big enough.
logging.info('Create image of size={} bytes'.format(self.file_size))
self.file.truncate(self.file_size)
self.file.flush()
os.fsync(self.file.fileno())
logging.info('Creating new GPT partition table...')
self._Cgpt(['create', self.filename])
self._Cgpt(['boot', '-p', self.filename])
logging.info('Done.')
logging.info('Creating and writing partitions...')
current_offset = Image.SECTOR_SIZE * Image.GPT_SECTORS
for part in self.partitions:
if not self._CgptAdd(part, current_offset):
logging.warning('Write failed, aborting.')
self.file.close()
return
self.WritePart(part, current_offset)
current_offset += part.size
logging.info('Done.')
self.file.close()
def GetPartitions(build_dir):
"""Get all partitions to be written to the output image.
The list of partitions is currently determined by the IMAGES dict
at the top of this file.
Args:
build_dir: path to the build directory containing images.
Returns:
a list of |Partition| objects to be written to the disk.
"""
images = {}
images_file = os.path.join(build_dir, 'images.json')
try:
with open(images_file) as f:
images_list = json.load(f)
for image in images_list:
images[make_unique_name(image['name'], image['type'])] = image
except IOError as err:
logging.critical('Failed to find image manifest. Have you run `fx build`?', exc_info=err)
return []
ret = []
is_bootable = False
for image in IMAGES:
if image.unique_name() not in images:
logging.debug("Skipping image that wasn't built: {}".format(image.unique_name()))
continue
for part_type in image.guids:
full_path = os.path.join(build_dir, images[image.unique_name()]['path'])
ret.append(Partition(full_path, part_type, image.name))
# Assume that any non-installer partition is a bootable partition.
if part_type != WORKSTATION_INSTALLER_GPT_GUID:
is_bootable = True
if not is_bootable:
logging.critical('ERROR: mkinstaller would generate an unbootable image.' +
'Are you building for a supported platform?')
return []
return ret
def GetUsbDisks():
"""Get a list of all USB disks on the system.
Returns:
A list where each entry is of the format '/path/to/disk - <disk name>'
"""
res = subprocess.run(['fx', 'list-usb-disks'], capture_output=True)
res.check_returncode()
disks = res.stdout.decode('utf-8').split('\n')
return disks
def IsUsbDisk(path):
"""Is the given path a USB disk?
Args:
path: a path that may represent a USB disk. Does not have to exist.
Returns:
True if the path represents a USB disk, False otherwise.
"""
return path in map(lambda a: a.split()[0], GetUsbDisks())
def EjectDisk(path):
"""Eject the given USB disk from the system."""
system = platform.system()
if system == 'Linux':
subprocess.run(['eject', path])
elif system == 'Darwin':
subprocess.run(['diskutil', 'eject', path])
logging.info('Ejected USB disk')
def Main(args):
path = args.FILE
if args.create:
if not args.force and os.path.exists(path):
logging.critical(
'File {} already exists, not creating an image. Use --force if you want to proceed.'
.format(path),
file=sys.stderr)
return 1
else:
if not os.path.exists(path):
logging.critical(
('Path {} does not exist, use --create to create a disk image.\n'
'Detected USB devices:\n'
'{}').format(path, '\n'.join(GetUsbDisks())),
end='',
file=sys.stderr)
return 1
if not IsUsbDisk(path):
logging.critical(
('Path {} is not a USB device. Use -f to force.\n'
'Detected USB devices:\n'
'{}').format(path, '\n'.join(GetUsbDisks())),
end='',
file=sys.stderr)
return 1
if not os.access(path, os.W_OK) and sys.stdin.isatty():
logging.warning('Changing ownership of {} to {}'.format(path,
os.environ.get('USER')))
subprocess.run(
['sudo', 'chown', os.environ.get('USER'), path],
stdin=sys.stdin,
stdout=sys.stdout,
stderr=sys.stderr)
elif not os.access(path, os.W_OK):
logging.critical('Cannot write to {}. Please check file permissions!'.format(path))
return 1
build_dir = args.build_dir
if build_dir == '':
build_dir = paths.FUCHSIA_BUILD_DIR
parts = GetPartitions(build_dir)
if not parts:
return 1
output = Image(args.FILE, not args.create, ParseSize(args.block_size))
for p in parts:
output.AddPartition(p)
output.Finalise()
if not args.create:
EjectDisk(path)
return 0
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description='Create a Fuchsia installer image.', prog='fx mkinstaller')
parser.add_argument(
'-c',
'--create',
action='store_true',
help='Create a disk image instead of writing to an existing disk.')
parser.add_argument(
'-f',
'--force',
action='store_true',
help='Force writing to an image that already exists or a disk that might not be a USB.'
)
parser.add_argument(
'-b',
'--block-size',
type=str,
default='2M',
help='Block size (optionally suffixed by K, M, G) to write. Default is 2M'
)
parser.add_argument(
'-v',
'--verbose',
action='store_true',
help='Be verbose while creating disk images.'
)
parser.add_argument(
'--cgpt-path',
type=str,
default='',
help='Path to cgpt in the Fuchsia tree. The script will try and guess if no path is provided.'
)
parser.add_argument(
'--build-dir',
type=str,
default='',
help='Path to the Fuchsia build directory. The script will try and guess if no path is provided.'
)
parser.add_argument('FILE', help='Path to USB device or installer image')
argv = parser.parse_args()
level = logging.WARNING
if argv.verbose:
level = logging.DEBUG
if argv.cgpt_path:
CGPT_BIN = argv.cgpt_path
logging.basicConfig(format='mkinstaller: %(levelname)s: %(message)s', level=level)
sys.exit(Main(argv))