blob: a3638ca3a20f2f0335a49f44f00786e75a9d12b2 [file] [log] [blame]
#![doc(html_root_url = "https://docs.rs/slab/0.4.2")]
#![deny(warnings, missing_docs, missing_debug_implementations)]
#![cfg_attr(test, deny(warnings, unreachable_pub))]
//! Pre-allocated storage for a uniform data type.
//!
//! `Slab` provides pre-allocated storage for a single data type. If many values
//! of a single type are being allocated, it can be more efficient to
//! pre-allocate the necessary storage. Since the size of the type is uniform,
//! memory fragmentation can be avoided. Storing, clearing, and lookup
//! operations become very cheap.
//!
//! While `Slab` may look like other Rust collections, it is not intended to be
//! used as a general purpose collection. The primary difference between `Slab`
//! and `Vec` is that `Slab` returns the key when storing the value.
//!
//! It is important to note that keys may be reused. In other words, once a
//! value associated with a given key is removed from a slab, that key may be
//! returned from future calls to `insert`.
//!
//! # Examples
//!
//! Basic storing and retrieval.
//!
//! ```
//! # use slab::*;
//! let mut slab = Slab::new();
//!
//! let hello = slab.insert("hello");
//! let world = slab.insert("world");
//!
//! assert_eq!(slab[hello], "hello");
//! assert_eq!(slab[world], "world");
//!
//! slab[world] = "earth";
//! assert_eq!(slab[world], "earth");
//! ```
//!
//! Sometimes it is useful to be able to associate the key with the value being
//! inserted in the slab. This can be done with the `vacant_entry` API as such:
//!
//! ```
//! # use slab::*;
//! let mut slab = Slab::new();
//!
//! let hello = {
//! let entry = slab.vacant_entry();
//! let key = entry.key();
//!
//! entry.insert((key, "hello"));
//! key
//! };
//!
//! assert_eq!(hello, slab[hello].0);
//! assert_eq!("hello", slab[hello].1);
//! ```
//!
//! It is generally a good idea to specify the desired capacity of a slab at
//! creation time. Note that `Slab` will grow the internal capacity when
//! attempting to insert a new value once the existing capacity has been reached.
//! To avoid this, add a check.
//!
//! ```
//! # use slab::*;
//! let mut slab = Slab::with_capacity(1024);
//!
//! // ... use the slab
//!
//! if slab.len() == slab.capacity() {
//! panic!("slab full");
//! }
//!
//! slab.insert("the slab is not at capacity yet");
//! ```
//!
//! # Capacity and reallocation
//!
//! The capacity of a slab is the amount of space allocated for any future
//! values that will be inserted in the slab. This is not to be confused with
//! the *length* of the slab, which specifies the number of actual values
//! currently being inserted. If a slab's length is equal to its capacity, the
//! next value inserted into the slab will require growing the slab by
//! reallocating.
//!
//! For example, a slab with capacity 10 and length 0 would be an empty slab
//! with space for 10 more stored values. Storing 10 or fewer elements into the
//! slab will not change its capacity or cause reallocation to occur. However,
//! if the slab length is increased to 11 (due to another `insert`), it will
//! have to reallocate, which can be slow. For this reason, it is recommended to
//! use [`Slab::with_capacity`] whenever possible to specify how many values the
//! slab is expected to store.
//!
//! # Implementation
//!
//! `Slab` is backed by a `Vec` of slots. Each slot is either occupied or
//! vacant. `Slab` maintains a stack of vacant slots using a linked list. To
//! find a vacant slot, the stack is popped. When a slot is released, it is
//! pushed onto the stack.
//!
//! If there are no more available slots in the stack, then `Vec::reserve(1)` is
//! called and a new slot is created.
//!
//! [`Slab::with_capacity`]: struct.Slab.html#with_capacity
use std::iter::IntoIterator;
use std::ops;
use std::vec;
use std::{fmt, mem};
/// Pre-allocated storage for a uniform data type
///
/// See the [module documentation] for more details.
///
/// [module documentation]: index.html
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Slab<T> {
// Chunk of memory
entries: Vec<Entry<T>>,
// Number of Filled elements currently in the slab
len: usize,
// Offset of the next available slot in the slab. Set to the slab's
// capacity when the slab is full.
next: usize,
}
impl<T> Default for Slab<T> {
fn default() -> Self {
Slab::new()
}
}
/// A handle to a vacant entry in a `Slab`.
///
/// `VacantEntry` allows constructing values with the key that they will be
/// assigned to.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
///
/// let hello = {
/// let entry = slab.vacant_entry();
/// let key = entry.key();
///
/// entry.insert((key, "hello"));
/// key
/// };
///
/// assert_eq!(hello, slab[hello].0);
/// assert_eq!("hello", slab[hello].1);
/// ```
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct VacantEntry<'a, T: 'a> {
slab: &'a mut Slab<T>,
key: usize,
}
/// An iterator over the values stored in the `Slab`
pub struct Iter<'a, T: 'a> {
entries: std::slice::Iter<'a, Entry<T>>,
curr: usize,
}
/// A mutable iterator over the values stored in the `Slab`
pub struct IterMut<'a, T: 'a> {
entries: std::slice::IterMut<'a, Entry<T>>,
curr: usize,
}
/// A draining iterator for `Slab`
pub struct Drain<'a, T: 'a>(vec::Drain<'a, Entry<T>>);
#[derive(Clone)]
enum Entry<T> {
Vacant(usize),
Occupied(T),
}
impl<T> Slab<T> {
/// Construct a new, empty `Slab`.
///
/// The function does not allocate and the returned slab will have no
/// capacity until `insert` is called or capacity is explicitly reserved.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let slab: Slab<i32> = Slab::new();
/// ```
pub fn new() -> Slab<T> {
Slab::with_capacity(0)
}
/// Construct a new, empty `Slab` with the specified capacity.
///
/// The returned slab will be able to store exactly `capacity` without
/// reallocating. If `capacity` is 0, the slab will not allocate.
///
/// It is important to note that this function does not specify the *length*
/// of the returned slab, but only the capacity. For an explanation of the
/// difference between length and capacity, see [Capacity and
/// reallocation](index.html#capacity-and-reallocation).
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::with_capacity(10);
///
/// // The slab contains no values, even though it has capacity for more
/// assert_eq!(slab.len(), 0);
///
/// // These are all done without reallocating...
/// for i in 0..10 {
/// slab.insert(i);
/// }
///
/// // ...but this may make the slab reallocate
/// slab.insert(11);
/// ```
pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> Slab<T> {
Slab {
entries: Vec::with_capacity(capacity),
next: 0,
len: 0,
}
}
/// Return the number of values the slab can store without reallocating.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let slab: Slab<i32> = Slab::with_capacity(10);
/// assert_eq!(slab.capacity(), 10);
/// ```
pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {
self.entries.capacity()
}
/// Reserve capacity for at least `additional` more values to be stored
/// without allocating.
///
/// `reserve` does nothing if the slab already has sufficient capacity for
/// `additional` more values. If more capacity is required, a new segment of
/// memory will be allocated and all existing values will be copied into it.
/// As such, if the slab is already very large, a call to `reserve` can end
/// up being expensive.
///
/// The slab may reserve more than `additional` extra space in order to
/// avoid frequent reallocations. Use `reserve_exact` instead to guarantee
/// that only the requested space is allocated.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the new capacity overflows `usize`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
/// slab.insert("hello");
/// slab.reserve(10);
/// assert!(slab.capacity() >= 11);
/// ```
pub fn reserve(&mut self, additional: usize) {
if self.capacity() - self.len >= additional {
return;
}
let need_add = self.len + additional - self.entries.len();
self.entries.reserve(need_add);
}
/// Reserve the minimum capacity required to store exactly `additional`
/// more values.
///
/// `reserve_exact` does nothing if the slab already has sufficient capacity
/// for `additional` more valus. If more capacity is required, a new segment
/// of memory will be allocated and all existing values will be copied into
/// it. As such, if the slab is already very large, a call to `reserve` can
/// end up being expensive.
///
/// Note that the allocator may give the slab more space than it requests.
/// Therefore capacity can not be relied upon to be precisely minimal.
/// Prefer `reserve` if future insertions are expected.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the new capacity overflows `usize`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
/// slab.insert("hello");
/// slab.reserve_exact(10);
/// assert!(slab.capacity() >= 11);
/// ```
pub fn reserve_exact(&mut self, additional: usize) {
if self.capacity() - self.len >= additional {
return;
}
let need_add = self.len + additional - self.entries.len();
self.entries.reserve_exact(need_add);
}
/// Shrink the capacity of the slab as much as possible.
///
/// It will drop down as close as possible to the length but the allocator
/// may still inform the vector that there is space for a few more elements.
/// Also, since values are not moved, the slab cannot shrink past any stored
/// values.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::with_capacity(10);
///
/// for i in 0..3 {
/// slab.insert(i);
/// }
///
/// assert_eq!(slab.capacity(), 10);
/// slab.shrink_to_fit();
/// assert!(slab.capacity() >= 3);
/// ```
///
/// In this case, even though two values are removed, the slab cannot shrink
/// past the last value.
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::with_capacity(10);
///
/// for i in 0..3 {
/// slab.insert(i);
/// }
///
/// slab.remove(0);
/// slab.remove(1);
///
/// assert_eq!(slab.capacity(), 10);
/// slab.shrink_to_fit();
/// assert!(slab.capacity() >= 3);
/// ```
pub fn shrink_to_fit(&mut self) {
self.entries.shrink_to_fit();
}
/// Clear the slab of all values.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
///
/// for i in 0..3 {
/// slab.insert(i);
/// }
///
/// slab.clear();
/// assert!(slab.is_empty());
/// ```
pub fn clear(&mut self) {
self.entries.clear();
self.len = 0;
self.next = 0;
}
/// Return the number of stored values.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
///
/// for i in 0..3 {
/// slab.insert(i);
/// }
///
/// assert_eq!(3, slab.len());
/// ```
pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
self.len
}
/// Return `true` if there are no values stored in the slab.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
/// assert!(slab.is_empty());
///
/// slab.insert(1);
/// assert!(!slab.is_empty());
/// ```
pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
self.len == 0
}
/// Return an iterator over the slab.
///
/// This function should generally be **avoided** as it is not efficient.
/// Iterators must iterate over every slot in the slab even if it is
/// vacant. As such, a slab with a capacity of 1 million but only one
/// stored value must still iterate the million slots.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
///
/// for i in 0..3 {
/// slab.insert(i);
/// }
///
/// let mut iterator = slab.iter();
///
/// assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some((0, &0)));
/// assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some((1, &1)));
/// assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some((2, &2)));
/// assert_eq!(iterator.next(), None);
/// ```
pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<T> {
Iter {
entries: self.entries.iter(),
curr: 0,
}
}
/// Return an iterator that allows modifying each value.
///
/// This function should generally be **avoided** as it is not efficient.
/// Iterators must iterate over every slot in the slab even if it is
/// vacant. As such, a slab with a capacity of 1 million but only one
/// stored value must still iterate the million slots.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
///
/// let key1 = slab.insert(0);
/// let key2 = slab.insert(1);
///
/// for (key, val) in slab.iter_mut() {
/// if key == key1 {
/// *val += 2;
/// }
/// }
///
/// assert_eq!(slab[key1], 2);
/// assert_eq!(slab[key2], 1);
/// ```
pub fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> IterMut<T> {
IterMut {
entries: self.entries.iter_mut(),
curr: 0,
}
}
/// Return a reference to the value associated with the given key.
///
/// If the given key is not associated with a value, then `None` is
/// returned.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
/// let key = slab.insert("hello");
///
/// assert_eq!(slab.get(key), Some(&"hello"));
/// assert_eq!(slab.get(123), None);
/// ```
pub fn get(&self, key: usize) -> Option<&T> {
match self.entries.get(key) {
Some(&Entry::Occupied(ref val)) => Some(val),
_ => None,
}
}
/// Return a mutable reference to the value associated with the given key.
///
/// If the given key is not associated with a value, then `None` is
/// returned.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
/// let key = slab.insert("hello");
///
/// *slab.get_mut(key).unwrap() = "world";
///
/// assert_eq!(slab[key], "world");
/// assert_eq!(slab.get_mut(123), None);
/// ```
pub fn get_mut(&mut self, key: usize) -> Option<&mut T> {
match self.entries.get_mut(key) {
Some(&mut Entry::Occupied(ref mut val)) => Some(val),
_ => None,
}
}
/// Return a reference to the value associated with the given key without
/// performing bounds checking.
///
/// This function should be used with care.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
/// let key = slab.insert(2);
///
/// unsafe {
/// assert_eq!(slab.get_unchecked(key), &2);
/// }
/// ```
pub unsafe fn get_unchecked(&self, key: usize) -> &T {
match *self.entries.get_unchecked(key) {
Entry::Occupied(ref val) => val,
_ => unreachable!(),
}
}
/// Return a mutable reference to the value associated with the given key
/// without performing bounds checking.
///
/// This function should be used with care.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
/// let key = slab.insert(2);
///
/// unsafe {
/// let val = slab.get_unchecked_mut(key);
/// *val = 13;
/// }
///
/// assert_eq!(slab[key], 13);
/// ```
pub unsafe fn get_unchecked_mut(&mut self, key: usize) -> &mut T {
match *self.entries.get_unchecked_mut(key) {
Entry::Occupied(ref mut val) => val,
_ => unreachable!(),
}
}
/// Insert a value in the slab, returning key assigned to the value.
///
/// The returned key can later be used to retrieve or remove the value using indexed
/// lookup and `remove`. Additional capacity is allocated if needed. See
/// [Capacity and reallocation](index.html#capacity-and-reallocation).
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the number of elements in the vector overflows a `usize`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
/// let key = slab.insert("hello");
/// assert_eq!(slab[key], "hello");
/// ```
pub fn insert(&mut self, val: T) -> usize {
let key = self.next;
self.insert_at(key, val);
key
}
/// Return a handle to a vacant entry allowing for further manipulation.
///
/// This function is useful when creating values that must contain their
/// slab key. The returned `VacantEntry` reserves a slot in the slab and is
/// able to query the associated key.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
///
/// let hello = {
/// let entry = slab.vacant_entry();
/// let key = entry.key();
///
/// entry.insert((key, "hello"));
/// key
/// };
///
/// assert_eq!(hello, slab[hello].0);
/// assert_eq!("hello", slab[hello].1);
/// ```
pub fn vacant_entry(&mut self) -> VacantEntry<T> {
VacantEntry {
key: self.next,
slab: self,
}
}
fn insert_at(&mut self, key: usize, val: T) {
self.len += 1;
if key == self.entries.len() {
self.entries.push(Entry::Occupied(val));
self.next = key + 1;
} else {
let prev = mem::replace(&mut self.entries[key], Entry::Occupied(val));
match prev {
Entry::Vacant(next) => {
self.next = next;
}
_ => unreachable!(),
}
}
}
/// Remove and return the value associated with the given key.
///
/// The key is then released and may be associated with future stored
/// values.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if `key` is not associated with a value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
///
/// let hello = slab.insert("hello");
///
/// assert_eq!(slab.remove(hello), "hello");
/// assert!(!slab.contains(hello));
/// ```
pub fn remove(&mut self, key: usize) -> T {
// Swap the entry at the provided value
let prev = mem::replace(&mut self.entries[key], Entry::Vacant(self.next));
match prev {
Entry::Occupied(val) => {
self.len -= 1;
self.next = key;
val
}
_ => {
// Woops, the entry is actually vacant, restore the state
self.entries[key] = prev;
panic!("invalid key");
}
}
}
/// Return `true` if a value is associated with the given key.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
///
/// let hello = slab.insert("hello");
/// assert!(slab.contains(hello));
///
/// slab.remove(hello);
///
/// assert!(!slab.contains(hello));
/// ```
pub fn contains(&self, key: usize) -> bool {
self.entries
.get(key)
.map(|e| match *e {
Entry::Occupied(_) => true,
_ => false,
})
.unwrap_or(false)
}
/// Retain only the elements specified by the predicate.
///
/// In other words, remove all elements `e` such that `f(usize, &mut e)`
/// returns false. This method operates in place and preserves the key
/// associated with the retained values.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
///
/// let k1 = slab.insert(0);
/// let k2 = slab.insert(1);
/// let k3 = slab.insert(2);
///
/// slab.retain(|key, val| key == k1 || *val == 1);
///
/// assert!(slab.contains(k1));
/// assert!(slab.contains(k2));
/// assert!(!slab.contains(k3));
///
/// assert_eq!(2, slab.len());
/// ```
pub fn retain<F>(&mut self, mut f: F)
where
F: FnMut(usize, &mut T) -> bool,
{
for i in 0..self.entries.len() {
let keep = match self.entries[i] {
Entry::Occupied(ref mut v) => f(i, v),
_ => true,
};
if !keep {
self.remove(i);
}
}
}
/// Return a draining iterator that removes all elements from the slab and
/// yields the removed items.
///
/// Note: Elements are removed even if the iterator is only partially
/// consumed or not consumed at all.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
///
/// let _ = slab.insert(0);
/// let _ = slab.insert(1);
/// let _ = slab.insert(2);
///
/// {
/// let mut drain = slab.drain();
///
/// assert_eq!(Some(0), drain.next());
/// assert_eq!(Some(1), drain.next());
/// assert_eq!(Some(2), drain.next());
/// assert_eq!(None, drain.next());
/// }
///
/// assert!(slab.is_empty());
/// ```
pub fn drain(&mut self) -> Drain<T> {
self.len = 0;
self.next = 0;
Drain(self.entries.drain(..))
}
}
impl<T> ops::Index<usize> for Slab<T> {
type Output = T;
fn index(&self, key: usize) -> &T {
match self.entries[key] {
Entry::Occupied(ref v) => v,
_ => panic!("invalid key"),
}
}
}
impl<T> ops::IndexMut<usize> for Slab<T> {
fn index_mut(&mut self, key: usize) -> &mut T {
match self.entries[key] {
Entry::Occupied(ref mut v) => v,
_ => panic!("invalid key"),
}
}
}
impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a Slab<T> {
type Item = (usize, &'a T);
type IntoIter = Iter<'a, T>;
fn into_iter(self) -> Iter<'a, T> {
self.iter()
}
}
impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a mut Slab<T> {
type Item = (usize, &'a mut T);
type IntoIter = IterMut<'a, T>;
fn into_iter(self) -> IterMut<'a, T> {
self.iter_mut()
}
}
impl<T> fmt::Debug for Slab<T>
where
T: fmt::Debug,
{
fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(
fmt,
"Slab {{ len: {}, cap: {} }}",
self.len,
self.capacity()
)
}
}
impl<'a, T: 'a> fmt::Debug for Iter<'a, T>
where
T: fmt::Debug,
{
fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
fmt.debug_struct("Iter")
.field("curr", &self.curr)
.field("remaining", &self.entries.len())
.finish()
}
}
impl<'a, T: 'a> fmt::Debug for IterMut<'a, T>
where
T: fmt::Debug,
{
fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
fmt.debug_struct("IterMut")
.field("curr", &self.curr)
.field("remaining", &self.entries.len())
.finish()
}
}
impl<'a, T: 'a> fmt::Debug for Drain<'a, T> {
fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
fmt.debug_struct("Drain").finish()
}
}
// ===== VacantEntry =====
impl<'a, T> VacantEntry<'a, T> {
/// Insert a value in the entry, returning a mutable reference to the value.
///
/// To get the key associated with the value, use `key` prior to calling
/// `insert`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
///
/// let hello = {
/// let entry = slab.vacant_entry();
/// let key = entry.key();
///
/// entry.insert((key, "hello"));
/// key
/// };
///
/// assert_eq!(hello, slab[hello].0);
/// assert_eq!("hello", slab[hello].1);
/// ```
pub fn insert(self, val: T) -> &'a mut T {
self.slab.insert_at(self.key, val);
match self.slab.entries[self.key] {
Entry::Occupied(ref mut v) => v,
_ => unreachable!(),
}
}
/// Return the key associated with this entry.
///
/// A value stored in this entry will be associated with this key.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use slab::*;
/// let mut slab = Slab::new();
///
/// let hello = {
/// let entry = slab.vacant_entry();
/// let key = entry.key();
///
/// entry.insert((key, "hello"));
/// key
/// };
///
/// assert_eq!(hello, slab[hello].0);
/// assert_eq!("hello", slab[hello].1);
/// ```
pub fn key(&self) -> usize {
self.key
}
}
// ===== Iter =====
impl<'a, T> Iterator for Iter<'a, T> {
type Item = (usize, &'a T);
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<(usize, &'a T)> {
while let Some(entry) = self.entries.next() {
let curr = self.curr;
self.curr += 1;
if let Entry::Occupied(ref v) = *entry {
return Some((curr, v));
}
}
None
}
}
// ===== IterMut =====
impl<'a, T> Iterator for IterMut<'a, T> {
type Item = (usize, &'a mut T);
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<(usize, &'a mut T)> {
while let Some(entry) = self.entries.next() {
let curr = self.curr;
self.curr += 1;
if let Entry::Occupied(ref mut v) = *entry {
return Some((curr, v));
}
}
None
}
}
// ===== Drain =====
impl<'a, T> Iterator for Drain<'a, T> {
type Item = T;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
while let Some(entry) = self.0.next() {
if let Entry::Occupied(v) = entry {
return Some(v);
}
}
None
}
}