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// Copyright 2018 The Fuchsia Authors
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
#ifndef ZIRCON_KERNEL_INCLUDE_KERNEL_SCHEDULER_STATE_H_
#define ZIRCON_KERNEL_INCLUDE_KERNEL_SCHEDULER_STATE_H_
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <zircon/syscalls/scheduler.h>
#include <zircon/types.h>
#include <fbl/intrusive_wavl_tree.h>
#include <ffl/fixed.h>
#include <kernel/cpu.h>
#include <ktl/pair.h>
// Forward declaration.
struct Thread;
enum thread_state : uint8_t {
THREAD_INITIAL = 0,
THREAD_READY,
THREAD_RUNNING,
THREAD_BLOCKED,
THREAD_BLOCKED_READ_LOCK,
THREAD_SLEEPING,
THREAD_SUSPENDED,
THREAD_DEATH,
};
// Fixed-point task weight.
//
// The 16bit fractional component accommodates the exponential curve defining
// the priority-to-weight relation:
//
// Weight = 1.225^(Priority - 31)
//
// This yields roughly 10% bandwidth difference between adjacent priorities.
//
// Weights should not be negative, however, the value is signed for consistency
// with zx_time_t (SchedTime) and zx_duration_t (SchedDuration), which are the
// primary types used in conjunction with SchedWeight. This is to make it less
// likely that expressions involving weights are accidentally promoted to
// unsigned.
using SchedWeight = ffl::Fixed<int64_t, 16>;
// Fixed-point time slice remainder.
//
// The 20bit fractional component represents a fractional time slice with a
// precision of ~1us.
using SchedRemainder = ffl::Fixed<int64_t, 20>;
// Fixed-point utilization factor. Represents the ratio between capacity and
// period or capacity and relative deadline, depending on which type of
// utilization is being evaluated.
//
// The 20bit fractional component represents the utilization with a precision
// of ~1us.
using SchedUtilization = ffl::Fixed<int64_t, 20>;
// Fixed-point types wrapping time and duration types to make time expressions
// cleaner in the scheduler code.
using SchedDuration = ffl::Fixed<zx_duration_t, 0>;
using SchedTime = ffl::Fixed<zx_time_t, 0>;
// Represents the key deadline scheduler parameters using fixed-point types.
// This is a fixed point version of the ABI type zx_sched_deadline_params_t that
// makes expressions in the scheduler logic less verbose.
struct SchedDeadlineParams {
SchedDuration capacity_ns{0};
SchedDuration deadline_ns{0};
SchedDuration period_ns{0};
SchedUtilization utilization{0};
constexpr SchedDeadlineParams() = default;
constexpr SchedDeadlineParams(SchedDuration capacity_ns, SchedDuration deadline_ns,
SchedDuration period_ns)
: capacity_ns{capacity_ns},
deadline_ns{deadline_ns},
period_ns{period_ns},
utilization{capacity_ns / deadline_ns} {}
constexpr SchedDeadlineParams(const SchedDeadlineParams&) = default;
constexpr SchedDeadlineParams& operator=(const SchedDeadlineParams&) = default;
constexpr SchedDeadlineParams(const zx_sched_deadline_params_t& params)
: capacity_ns{params.capacity},
deadline_ns{params.relative_deadline},
period_ns{params.period},
utilization{capacity_ns / deadline_ns} {}
constexpr SchedDeadlineParams& operator=(const zx_sched_deadline_params_t& params) {
*this = SchedDeadlineParams{params};
return *this;
}
friend bool operator==(SchedDeadlineParams a, SchedDeadlineParams b) {
return a.capacity_ns == b.capacity_ns && a.deadline_ns == b.deadline_ns &&
a.period_ns == b.period_ns;
}
friend bool operator!=(SchedDeadlineParams a, SchedDeadlineParams b) { return !(a == b); }
};
// Utilities that return fixed-point Expression representing the given integer
// time units in terms of system time units (nanoseconds).
template <typename T>
constexpr auto SchedNs(T nanoseconds) {
return ffl::FromInteger(ZX_NSEC(nanoseconds));
}
template <typename T>
constexpr auto SchedUs(T microseconds) {
return ffl::FromInteger(ZX_USEC(microseconds));
}
template <typename T>
constexpr auto SchedMs(T milliseconds) {
return ffl::FromInteger(ZX_MSEC(milliseconds));
}
// Specifies the type of scheduling algorithm applied to a thread.
enum class SchedDiscipline {
Fair,
Deadline,
};
// Per-thread state used by the unified version of Scheduler.
class SchedulerState {
public:
// The key type of this node operated on by WAVLTree.
using KeyType = ktl::pair<SchedTime, uint64_t>;
SchedulerState() {}
explicit SchedulerState(SchedWeight weight)
: discipline_{SchedDiscipline::Fair}, fair_{.weight = weight} {}
explicit SchedulerState(SchedDeadlineParams params)
: discipline_{SchedDiscipline::Deadline}, deadline_{params} {}
SchedulerState(const SchedulerState&) = delete;
SchedulerState& operator=(const SchedulerState&) = delete;
// Returns the effective mask of CPUs a thread may run on, based on the
// thread's affinity masks and CPUs currently active on the system.
cpu_mask_t GetEffectiveCpuMask(cpu_mask_t active_mask) const {
// The thread may run on any active CPU allowed by both its hard and
// soft CPU affinity.
const cpu_mask_t available_mask = active_mask & soft_affinity_ & hard_affinity_;
// Return the mask honoring soft affinity if it is viable, otherwise ignore
// soft affinity and honor only hard affinity.
if (likely(available_mask != 0)) {
return available_mask;
}
return active_mask & hard_affinity_;
}
// Returns the type of scheduling discipline for this thread.
SchedDiscipline discipline() const { return discipline_; }
// Returns the key used to order the run queue.
KeyType key() const { return {start_time_, generation_}; }
// Returns the generation count from the last time the thread was enqueued
// in the runnable tree.
uint64_t generation() const { return generation_; }
uint64_t flow_id() const { return flow_id_; }
zx_time_t last_started_running() const { return last_started_running_.raw_value(); }
zx_duration_t time_slice_ns() const { return time_slice_ns_.raw_value(); }
zx_duration_t runtime_ns() const { return runtime_ns_.raw_value(); }
zx_duration_t expected_runtime_ns() const { return expected_runtime_ns_.raw_value(); }
const SchedTime start_time() const { return start_time_; }
const SchedTime finish_time() const { return finish_time_; }
const auto& fair() const { return fair_; }
const auto& deadline() const { return deadline_; }
cpu_mask_t hard_affinity() const { return hard_affinity_; }
cpu_mask_t soft_affinity() const { return soft_affinity_; }
int base_priority() const { return base_priority_; }
int effective_priority() const { return effective_priority_; }
int inherited_priority() const { return inherited_priority_; }
cpu_num_t curr_cpu() const { return curr_cpu_; }
cpu_num_t last_cpu() const { return last_cpu_; }
thread_state state() const { return state_; }
void set_state(thread_state state) { state_ = state; }
void set_next_cpu(cpu_num_t next_cpu) { next_cpu_ = next_cpu; }
private:
friend class Scheduler;
// Allow tests to modify our state.
friend class LoadBalancerTest;
// TODO(eieio): Remove these once all of the members accessed by Thread are
// moved to accessors.
friend Thread;
friend void thread_construct_first(Thread*, const char*);
friend void dump_thread_locked(Thread*, bool);
// Returns true of the task state is currently enqueued in the run queue.
bool InQueue() const { return run_queue_node_.InContainer(); }
// Returns true if the task is active (queued or running) on a run queue.
bool active() const { return active_; }
// Sets the task state to active (on a run queue). Returns true if the task
// was not previously active.
bool OnInsert() {
const bool was_active = active_;
active_ = true;
return !was_active;
}
// Sets the task state to inactive (not on a run queue). Returns true if the
// task was previously active.
bool OnRemove() {
const bool was_active = active_;
active_ = false;
return was_active;
}
// WAVLTree node state.
fbl::WAVLTreeNodeState<Thread*> run_queue_node_;
// The start time of the thread's current bandwidth request. This is the
// virtual start time for fair tasks and the period start for deadline tasks.
SchedTime start_time_{0};
// The finish time of the thread's current bandwidth request. This is the
// virtual finish time for fair tasks and the absolute deadline for deadline
// tasks.
SchedTime finish_time_{0};
// Mimimum finish time of all the descendents of this node in the run queue.
// This value is automatically maintained by the WAVLTree observer hooks. The
// value is used to perform a partition search in O(log n) time, to find the
// thread with the earliest finish time that also has an eligible start time.
SchedTime min_finish_time_{0};
// The scheduling discipline of this thread. Determines whether the thread is
// enqueued on the fair or deadline run queues and whether the weight or
// deadline parameters are used.
SchedDiscipline discipline_{SchedDiscipline::Fair};
// Flag indicating whether this thread is associated with a run queue.
bool active_{false};
// The scheduling state of the thread.
thread_state state_{THREAD_INITIAL};
// The current fair or deadline parameters of the thread.
union {
struct {
SchedWeight weight{0};
SchedDuration initial_time_slice_ns{0};
SchedRemainder normalized_timeslice_remainder{0};
} fair_;
SchedDeadlineParams deadline_;
};
// The current timeslice allocated to the thread.
SchedDuration time_slice_ns_{0};
// The total time in THREAD_RUNNING state. If the thread is currently in
// THREAD_RUNNING state, this excludes the time accrued since it last left the
// scheduler.
SchedDuration runtime_ns_{0};
// Tracks the exponential moving average of the runtime of the thread.
SchedDuration expected_runtime_ns_{0};
// Tracks runtime accumulated until voluntarily blocking or exhausiting the
// allocated time slice. Used to exclude involuntary preemption when updating
// the expected runtime estimate to improve accuracy.
SchedDuration banked_runtime_ns_{0};
// The time the thread last ran. The exact point in time this value represents
// depends on the thread state:
// * THREAD_RUNNING: The time of the last reschedule that selected the thread.
// * THREAD_READY: The time the thread entered the run queue.
// * Otherwise: The time the thread last ran.
SchedTime last_started_running_{0};
// Takes the value of Scheduler::generation_count_ + 1 at the time this node
// is added to the run queue.
uint64_t generation_{0};
// The current sched_latency flow id for this thread.
uint64_t flow_id_{0};
// The current CPU the thread is READY or RUNNING on, INVALID_CPU otherwise.
cpu_num_t curr_cpu_{INVALID_CPU};
// The last CPU the thread ran on. INVALID_CPU before it first runs.
cpu_num_t last_cpu_{INVALID_CPU};
// The next CPU the thread should run on after the thread's migrate function
// is called.
cpu_num_t next_cpu_{INVALID_CPU};
// The set of CPUs the thread is permitted to run on. The thread is never
// assigned to CPUs outside of this set.
cpu_mask_t hard_affinity_{CPU_MASK_ALL};
// The set of CPUs the thread should run on if possible. The thread may be
// assigned to CPUs outside of this set if necessary.
cpu_mask_t soft_affinity_{CPU_MASK_ALL};
// The legacy base, effective, and inherited priority values.
// TODO(eieio): Move initialization of these members to the constructor. It is
// currently handled by Scheduler::InitializeThread.
int base_priority_;
int effective_priority_;
int inherited_priority_;
};
#endif // ZIRCON_KERNEL_INCLUDE_KERNEL_SCHEDULER_STATE_H_