system/dev/usb/xhci/usb-xhci.c - zircon - Git at Google

 // Copyright 2016 The Fuchsia Authors. All rights reserved.
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 // found in the LICENSE file.

 #include <ddk/binding.h>
 #include <ddk/debug.h>
 #include <ddk/driver.h>
 #include <ddk/protocol/usb-hci.h>
 #include <ddk/protocol/usb.h>

 #include <hw/reg.h>
 #include <zircon/syscalls.h>
 #include <zircon/types.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <threads.h>

 #include "xhci-device-manager.h"
 #include "xhci-root-hub.h"
 #include "xhci-util.h"
 #include "xhci.h"

 #define MAX_SLOTS 255

 #define DEFAULT_PRIORITY 16
 #define HIGH_PRIORITY    24

 zx_status_t xhci_add_device(xhci_t* xhci, int slot_id, int hub_address, int speed) {
     dprintf(TRACE, "xhci_add_new_device\n");

     if (!xhci->bus.ops) {
         dprintf(ERROR, "no bus device in xhci_add_device\n");
         return ZX_ERR_INTERNAL;
     }

     return usb_bus_add_device(&xhci->bus, slot_id, hub_address, speed);
 }

 void xhci_remove_device(xhci_t* xhci, int slot_id) {
     dprintf(TRACE, "xhci_remove_device %d\n", slot_id);

     if (!xhci->bus.ops) {
         dprintf(ERROR, "no bus device in xhci_remove_device\n");
         return;
     }

     usb_bus_remove_device(&xhci->bus, slot_id);
 }

 static void xhci_set_bus_interface(void* ctx, usb_bus_interface_t* bus) {
     xhci_t* xhci = ctx;

     if (bus) {
         memcpy(&xhci->bus, bus, sizeof(xhci->bus));
         // wait until bus driver has started before doing this
         xhci_queue_start_root_hubs(xhci);
     } else {
         memset(&xhci->bus, 0, sizeof(xhci->bus));
     }
 }

 static size_t xhci_get_max_device_count(void* ctx) {
     xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
     // add one to allow device IDs to be 1-based
     return xhci->max_slots + XHCI_RH_COUNT + 1;
 }

 static zx_status_t xhci_enable_ep(void* ctx, uint32_t device_id,
                                   usb_endpoint_descriptor_t* ep_desc,
                                   usb_ss_ep_comp_descriptor_t* ss_comp_desc, bool enable) {
     xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
     return xhci_enable_endpoint(xhci, device_id, ep_desc, ss_comp_desc, enable);
 }

 static uint64_t xhci_get_frame(void* ctx) {
     xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
     return xhci_get_current_frame(xhci);
 }

 static zx_status_t xhci_config_hub(void* ctx, uint32_t device_id, usb_speed_t speed,
                             usb_hub_descriptor_t* descriptor) {
     xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
     return xhci_configure_hub(xhci, device_id, speed, descriptor);
 }

 static zx_status_t xhci_hub_device_added(void* ctx, uint32_t hub_address, int port,
                                   usb_speed_t speed) {
     xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
     return xhci_enumerate_device(xhci, hub_address, port, speed);
 }

 static zx_status_t xhci_hub_device_removed(void* ctx, uint32_t hub_address, int port) {
     xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
     xhci_device_disconnected(xhci, hub_address, port);
     return ZX_OK;
 }

 static zx_status_t xhci_reset_ep(void* ctx, uint32_t device_id, uint8_t ep_address) {
     xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
     uint8_t ep_index = xhci_endpoint_index(ep_address);
     return xhci_reset_endpoint(xhci, device_id, ep_index);
 }

 static size_t xhci_get_max_transfer_size(void* ctx, uint32_t device_id, uint8_t ep_address) {
     if (ep_address == 0) {
         // control requests have uint16 length field so we need to support UINT16_MAX
         // we require one setup, status and data event TRB in addition to data transfer TRBs
         // and subtract one more to account for the link TRB
         static_assert(PAGE_SIZE * (TRANSFER_RING_SIZE - 4) >= UINT16_MAX, "TRANSFER_RING_SIZE too small");
         return UINT16_MAX;
     }
     // non-control transfers consist of normal transfer TRBs plus one data event TRB
     // Subtract 2 to reserve a TRB for data event and to account for the link TRB
     return PAGE_SIZE * (TRANSFER_RING_SIZE - 2);
 }

 static zx_status_t xhci_cancel_all(void* ctx, uint32_t device_id, uint8_t ep_address) {
     xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
     return xhci_cancel_transfers(xhci, device_id, ep_address);
 }

 usb_hci_protocol_ops_t xhci_hci_protocol = {
     .set_bus_interface = xhci_set_bus_interface,
     .get_max_device_count = xhci_get_max_device_count,
     .enable_endpoint = xhci_enable_ep,
     .get_current_frame = xhci_get_frame,
     .configure_hub = xhci_config_hub,
     .hub_device_added = xhci_hub_device_added,
     .hub_device_removed = xhci_hub_device_removed,
     .reset_endpoint = xhci_reset_ep,
     .get_max_transfer_size = xhci_get_max_transfer_size,
     .cancel_all = xhci_cancel_all,
 };

 static void xhci_iotxn_queue(void* ctx, iotxn_t* txn) {
     xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
     usb_protocol_data_t* data = iotxn_pdata(txn, usb_protocol_data_t);
     zx_status_t status;

     if (txn->length > xhci_get_max_transfer_size(xhci->mxdev, data->device_id, data->ep_address)) {
         status = ZX_ERR_INVALID_ARGS;
     } else {
         status = xhci_queue_transfer(xhci, txn);
     }

     if (status != ZX_OK && status != ZX_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL) {
         iotxn_complete(txn, status, 0);
     }
 }

 static void xhci_unbind(void* ctx) {
     xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
     dprintf(TRACE, "xhci_unbind\n");

     device_remove(xhci->mxdev);
 }

 static void xhci_release(void* ctx) {
      xhci_t* xhci = ctx;

    // FIXME(voydanoff) - there is a lot more work to do here
     free(xhci);
 }

 static zx_protocol_device_t xhci_device_proto = {
     .version = DEVICE_OPS_VERSION,
     .iotxn_queue = xhci_iotxn_queue,
     .unbind = xhci_unbind,
     .release = xhci_release,
 };

 typedef struct completer {
     uint32_t interrupter;
     xhci_t *xhci;
     uint32_t priority;
 } completer_t;

 static int completer_thread(void *arg) {
     completer_t* completer = (completer_t*)arg;
     zx_handle_t irq_handle = completer->xhci->irq_handles[completer->interrupter];

     // TODO(johngro) : See MG-940.  Get rid of this.  For now we need thread
     // priorities so that realtime transactions use the completer which ends
     // up getting realtime latency guarantees.
     zx_thread_set_priority(completer->priority);

     while (1) {
         zx_status_t wait_res;

         wait_res = zx_interrupt_wait(irq_handle);
         if (wait_res != ZX_OK) {
             dprintf(ERROR, "unexpected pci_wait_interrupt failure (%d)\n", wait_res);
             zx_interrupt_complete(irq_handle);
             break;
         }
         zx_interrupt_complete(irq_handle);
         xhci_handle_interrupt(completer->xhci, completer->xhci->legacy_irq_mode,
                               completer->interrupter);
     }
     dprintf(TRACE, "xhci completer %u thread done\n", completer->interrupter);
     free(completer);
     return 0;
 }

 static int xhci_start_thread(void* arg) {
     xhci_t* xhci = (xhci_t*)arg;
     dprintf(TRACE, "xhci_start_thread start\n");

     zx_status_t status;
     completer_t* completers[xhci->num_interrupts];
     uint32_t num_completers_initialized = 0;
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < xhci->num_interrupts; i++) {
         completer_t *completer = calloc(1, sizeof(completer_t));
         if (completer == NULL) {
             status = ZX_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
             goto error_return;
         }
         completers[i] = completer;
         completer->interrupter = i;
         completer->xhci = xhci;
         // We need a high priority thread for isochronous transfers.
         // If there is only one interrupt available, that thread will need
         // to be high priority.
         completer->priority = (i == ISOCH_INTERRUPTER || xhci->num_interrupts == 1) ?
                               HIGH_PRIORITY : DEFAULT_PRIORITY;
         num_completers_initialized++;
     }

     // xhci_start will block, so do this part here instead of in usb_xhci_bind
     status = xhci_start(xhci);
     if (status != ZX_OK) {
         goto error_return;
     }

    device_add_args_t args = {
         .version = DEVICE_ADD_ARGS_VERSION,
         .name = "xhci",
         .ctx = xhci,
         .ops = &xhci_device_proto,
         .proto_id = ZX_PROTOCOL_USB_HCI,
         .proto_ops = &xhci_hci_protocol,
     };

     status = device_add(xhci->parent, &args, &xhci->mxdev);
     if (status != ZX_OK) {
         goto error_return;
     }

     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < xhci->num_interrupts; i++) {
         thrd_t thread;
         thrd_create_with_name(&thread, completer_thread, completers[i], "completer_thread");
         thrd_detach(thread);
     }

     dprintf(TRACE, "xhci_start_thread done\n");
     return 0;

 error_return:
     free(xhci);
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_completers_initialized; i++) {
         free(completers[i]);
     }
     return status;
 }

 static zx_status_t usb_xhci_bind(void* ctx, zx_device_t* dev, void** cookie) {
     zx_handle_t mmio_handle = ZX_HANDLE_INVALID;
     zx_handle_t cfg_handle = ZX_HANDLE_INVALID;
     xhci_t* xhci = NULL;
     uint32_t num_irq_handles_initialized = 0;
     zx_status_t status;

     pci_protocol_t pci;
     if (device_get_protocol(dev, ZX_PROTOCOL_PCI, &pci)) {
         status = ZX_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
         goto error_return;
     }

     xhci = calloc(1, sizeof(xhci_t));
     if (!xhci) {
         status = ZX_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
         goto error_return;
     }

     void* mmio;
     uint64_t mmio_len;
     /*
      * eXtensible Host Controller Interface revision 1.1, section 5, xhci
      * should only use BARs 0 and 1. 0 for 32 bit addressing, and 0+1 for 64 bit addressing.
      */
     status = pci_map_resource(&pci, PCI_RESOURCE_BAR_0, ZX_CACHE_POLICY_UNCACHED_DEVICE,
                               &mmio, &mmio_len, &mmio_handle);
     if (status != ZX_OK) {
         dprintf(ERROR, "usb_xhci_bind could not find bar\n");
         status = ZX_ERR_INTERNAL;
          goto error_return;
     }

     uint32_t irq_cnt = 0;
     status = pci_query_irq_mode_caps(&pci, ZX_PCIE_IRQ_MODE_MSI, &irq_cnt);
     if (status != ZX_OK) {
         dprintf(ERROR, "pci_query_irq_mode_caps failed %d\n", status);
         goto error_return;
     }
     xhci_num_interrupts_init(xhci, mmio, irq_cnt);

     // select our IRQ mode
     status = pci_set_irq_mode(&pci, ZX_PCIE_IRQ_MODE_MSI, xhci->num_interrupts);
     if (status < 0) {
         zx_status_t status_legacy = pci_set_irq_mode(&pci, ZX_PCIE_IRQ_MODE_LEGACY, 1);

         if (status_legacy < 0) {
             dprintf(ERROR, "usb_xhci_bind Failed to set IRQ mode to either MSI "
                    "(err = %d) or Legacy (err = %d)\n",
                    status, status_legacy);
             goto error_return;
         }

         xhci->legacy_irq_mode = true;
         xhci->num_interrupts = 1;
     }

     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < xhci->num_interrupts; i++) {
         // register for interrupts
         status = pci_map_interrupt(&pci, i, &xhci->irq_handles[i]);
         if (status != ZX_OK) {
             dprintf(ERROR, "usb_xhci_bind map_interrupt failed %d\n", status);
             goto error_return;
         }
         num_irq_handles_initialized++;
     }
     xhci->mmio_handle = mmio_handle;
     xhci->cfg_handle = cfg_handle;

     // stash this here for the startup thread to call device_add() with
     xhci->parent = dev;
     // used for enabling bus mastering
     memcpy(&xhci->pci, &pci, sizeof(pci_protocol_t));

     status = xhci_init(xhci, mmio);
     if (status != ZX_OK) {
         goto error_return;
     }

     thrd_t thread;
     thrd_create_with_name(&thread, xhci_start_thread, xhci, "xhci_start_thread");
     thrd_detach(thread);

     return ZX_OK;

 error_return:
     if (xhci) {
         free(xhci);
     }
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_irq_handles_initialized; i++) {
         zx_handle_close(xhci->irq_handles[i]);
     }
     if (mmio_handle != ZX_HANDLE_INVALID) {
         zx_handle_close(mmio_handle);
     }
     if (cfg_handle != ZX_HANDLE_INVALID) {
         zx_handle_close(cfg_handle);
     }
     return status;
 }

 static zx_driver_ops_t xhci_driver_ops = {
     .version = DRIVER_OPS_VERSION,
     .bind = usb_xhci_bind,
 };

 // clang-format off
 ZIRCON_DRIVER_BEGIN(usb_xhci, xhci_driver_ops, "zircon", "0.1", 4)
     BI_ABORT_IF(NE, BIND_PROTOCOL, ZX_PROTOCOL_PCI),
     BI_ABORT_IF(NE, BIND_PCI_CLASS, 0x0C),
     BI_ABORT_IF(NE, BIND_PCI_SUBCLASS, 0x03),
     BI_MATCH_IF(EQ, BIND_PCI_INTERFACE, 0x30),
 ZIRCON_DRIVER_END(usb_xhci)
	// Copyright 2016 The Fuchsia Authors. All rights reserved.
	// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
	// found in the LICENSE file.

	#include <ddk/binding.h>
	#include <ddk/debug.h>
	#include <ddk/driver.h>
	#include <ddk/protocol/usb-hci.h>
	#include <ddk/protocol/usb.h>

	#include <hw/reg.h>
	#include <zircon/syscalls.h>
	#include <zircon/types.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <threads.h>

	#include "xhci-device-manager.h"
	#include "xhci-root-hub.h"
	#include "xhci-util.h"
	#include "xhci.h"

	#define MAX_SLOTS 255

	#define DEFAULT_PRIORITY 16
	#define HIGH_PRIORITY 24

	zx_status_t xhci_add_device(xhci_t* xhci, int slot_id, int hub_address, int speed) {
	dprintf(TRACE, "xhci_add_new_device\n");

	if (!xhci->bus.ops) {
	dprintf(ERROR, "no bus device in xhci_add_device\n");
	return ZX_ERR_INTERNAL;
	}

	return usb_bus_add_device(&xhci->bus, slot_id, hub_address, speed);
	}

	void xhci_remove_device(xhci_t* xhci, int slot_id) {
	dprintf(TRACE, "xhci_remove_device %d\n", slot_id);

	if (!xhci->bus.ops) {
	dprintf(ERROR, "no bus device in xhci_remove_device\n");
	return;
	}

	usb_bus_remove_device(&xhci->bus, slot_id);
	}

	static void xhci_set_bus_interface(void* ctx, usb_bus_interface_t* bus) {
	xhci_t* xhci = ctx;

	if (bus) {
	memcpy(&xhci->bus, bus, sizeof(xhci->bus));
	// wait until bus driver has started before doing this
	xhci_queue_start_root_hubs(xhci);
	} else {
	memset(&xhci->bus, 0, sizeof(xhci->bus));
	}
	}

	static size_t xhci_get_max_device_count(void* ctx) {
	xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
	// add one to allow device IDs to be 1-based
	return xhci->max_slots + XHCI_RH_COUNT + 1;
	}

	static zx_status_t xhci_enable_ep(void* ctx, uint32_t device_id,
	usb_endpoint_descriptor_t* ep_desc,
	usb_ss_ep_comp_descriptor_t* ss_comp_desc, bool enable) {
	xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
	return xhci_enable_endpoint(xhci, device_id, ep_desc, ss_comp_desc, enable);
	}

	static uint64_t xhci_get_frame(void* ctx) {
	xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
	return xhci_get_current_frame(xhci);
	}

	static zx_status_t xhci_config_hub(void* ctx, uint32_t device_id, usb_speed_t speed,
	usb_hub_descriptor_t* descriptor) {
	xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
	return xhci_configure_hub(xhci, device_id, speed, descriptor);
	}

	static zx_status_t xhci_hub_device_added(void* ctx, uint32_t hub_address, int port,
	usb_speed_t speed) {
	xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
	return xhci_enumerate_device(xhci, hub_address, port, speed);
	}

	static zx_status_t xhci_hub_device_removed(void* ctx, uint32_t hub_address, int port) {
	xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
	xhci_device_disconnected(xhci, hub_address, port);
	return ZX_OK;
	}

	static zx_status_t xhci_reset_ep(void* ctx, uint32_t device_id, uint8_t ep_address) {
	xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
	uint8_t ep_index = xhci_endpoint_index(ep_address);
	return xhci_reset_endpoint(xhci, device_id, ep_index);
	}

	static size_t xhci_get_max_transfer_size(void* ctx, uint32_t device_id, uint8_t ep_address) {
	if (ep_address == 0) {
	// control requests have uint16 length field so we need to support UINT16_MAX
	// we require one setup, status and data event TRB in addition to data transfer TRBs
	// and subtract one more to account for the link TRB
	static_assert(PAGE_SIZE * (TRANSFER_RING_SIZE - 4) >= UINT16_MAX, "TRANSFER_RING_SIZE too small");
	return UINT16_MAX;
	}
	// non-control transfers consist of normal transfer TRBs plus one data event TRB
	// Subtract 2 to reserve a TRB for data event and to account for the link TRB
	return PAGE_SIZE * (TRANSFER_RING_SIZE - 2);
	}

	static zx_status_t xhci_cancel_all(void* ctx, uint32_t device_id, uint8_t ep_address) {
	xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
	return xhci_cancel_transfers(xhci, device_id, ep_address);
	}

	usb_hci_protocol_ops_t xhci_hci_protocol = {
	.set_bus_interface = xhci_set_bus_interface,
	.get_max_device_count = xhci_get_max_device_count,
	.enable_endpoint = xhci_enable_ep,
	.get_current_frame = xhci_get_frame,
	.configure_hub = xhci_config_hub,
	.hub_device_added = xhci_hub_device_added,
	.hub_device_removed = xhci_hub_device_removed,
	.reset_endpoint = xhci_reset_ep,
	.get_max_transfer_size = xhci_get_max_transfer_size,
	.cancel_all = xhci_cancel_all,
	};

	static void xhci_iotxn_queue(void* ctx, iotxn_t* txn) {
	xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
	usb_protocol_data_t* data = iotxn_pdata(txn, usb_protocol_data_t);
	zx_status_t status;

	if (txn->length > xhci_get_max_transfer_size(xhci->mxdev, data->device_id, data->ep_address)) {
	status = ZX_ERR_INVALID_ARGS;
	} else {
	status = xhci_queue_transfer(xhci, txn);
	}

	if (status != ZX_OK && status != ZX_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL) {
	iotxn_complete(txn, status, 0);
	}
	}

	static void xhci_unbind(void* ctx) {
	xhci_t* xhci = ctx;
	dprintf(TRACE, "xhci_unbind\n");

	device_remove(xhci->mxdev);
	}

	static void xhci_release(void* ctx) {
	xhci_t* xhci = ctx;

	// FIXME(voydanoff) - there is a lot more work to do here
	free(xhci);
	}

	static zx_protocol_device_t xhci_device_proto = {
	.version = DEVICE_OPS_VERSION,
	.iotxn_queue = xhci_iotxn_queue,
	.unbind = xhci_unbind,
	.release = xhci_release,
	};

	typedef struct completer {
	uint32_t interrupter;
	xhci_t *xhci;
	uint32_t priority;
	} completer_t;

	static int completer_thread(void *arg) {
	completer_t* completer = (completer_t*)arg;
	zx_handle_t irq_handle = completer->xhci->irq_handles[completer->interrupter];

	// TODO(johngro) : See MG-940. Get rid of this. For now we need thread
	// priorities so that realtime transactions use the completer which ends
	// up getting realtime latency guarantees.
	zx_thread_set_priority(completer->priority);

	while (1) {
	zx_status_t wait_res;

	wait_res = zx_interrupt_wait(irq_handle);
	if (wait_res != ZX_OK) {
	dprintf(ERROR, "unexpected pci_wait_interrupt failure (%d)\n", wait_res);
	zx_interrupt_complete(irq_handle);
	break;
	}
	zx_interrupt_complete(irq_handle);
	xhci_handle_interrupt(completer->xhci, completer->xhci->legacy_irq_mode,
	completer->interrupter);
	}
	dprintf(TRACE, "xhci completer %u thread done\n", completer->interrupter);
	free(completer);
	return 0;
	}

	static int xhci_start_thread(void* arg) {
	xhci_t* xhci = (xhci_t*)arg;
	dprintf(TRACE, "xhci_start_thread start\n");

	zx_status_t status;
	completer_t* completers[xhci->num_interrupts];
	uint32_t num_completers_initialized = 0;
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < xhci->num_interrupts; i++) {
	completer_t *completer = calloc(1, sizeof(completer_t));
	if (completer == NULL) {
	status = ZX_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	goto error_return;
	}
	completers[i] = completer;
	completer->interrupter = i;
	completer->xhci = xhci;
	// We need a high priority thread for isochronous transfers.
	// If there is only one interrupt available, that thread will need
	// to be high priority.
	completer->priority = (i == ISOCH_INTERRUPTER \|\| xhci->num_interrupts == 1) ?
	HIGH_PRIORITY : DEFAULT_PRIORITY;
	num_completers_initialized++;
	}

	// xhci_start will block, so do this part here instead of in usb_xhci_bind
	status = xhci_start(xhci);
	if (status != ZX_OK) {
	goto error_return;
	}

	device_add_args_t args = {
	.version = DEVICE_ADD_ARGS_VERSION,
	.name = "xhci",
	.ctx = xhci,
	.ops = &xhci_device_proto,
	.proto_id = ZX_PROTOCOL_USB_HCI,
	.proto_ops = &xhci_hci_protocol,
	};

	status = device_add(xhci->parent, &args, &xhci->mxdev);
	if (status != ZX_OK) {
	goto error_return;
	}

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < xhci->num_interrupts; i++) {
	thrd_t thread;
	thrd_create_with_name(&thread, completer_thread, completers[i], "completer_thread");
	thrd_detach(thread);
	}

	dprintf(TRACE, "xhci_start_thread done\n");
	return 0;

	error_return:
	free(xhci);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_completers_initialized; i++) {
	free(completers[i]);
	}
	return status;
	}

	static zx_status_t usb_xhci_bind(void* ctx, zx_device_t* dev, void** cookie) {
	zx_handle_t mmio_handle = ZX_HANDLE_INVALID;
	zx_handle_t cfg_handle = ZX_HANDLE_INVALID;
	xhci_t* xhci = NULL;
	uint32_t num_irq_handles_initialized = 0;
	zx_status_t status;

	pci_protocol_t pci;
	if (device_get_protocol(dev, ZX_PROTOCOL_PCI, &pci)) {
	status = ZX_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
	goto error_return;
	}

	xhci = calloc(1, sizeof(xhci_t));
	if (!xhci) {
	status = ZX_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	goto error_return;
	}

	void* mmio;
	uint64_t mmio_len;
	/*
	* eXtensible Host Controller Interface revision 1.1, section 5, xhci
	* should only use BARs 0 and 1. 0 for 32 bit addressing, and 0+1 for 64 bit addressing.
	*/
	status = pci_map_resource(&pci, PCI_RESOURCE_BAR_0, ZX_CACHE_POLICY_UNCACHED_DEVICE,
	&mmio, &mmio_len, &mmio_handle);
	if (status != ZX_OK) {
	dprintf(ERROR, "usb_xhci_bind could not find bar\n");
	status = ZX_ERR_INTERNAL;
	goto error_return;
	}

	uint32_t irq_cnt = 0;
	status = pci_query_irq_mode_caps(&pci, ZX_PCIE_IRQ_MODE_MSI, &irq_cnt);
	if (status != ZX_OK) {
	dprintf(ERROR, "pci_query_irq_mode_caps failed %d\n", status);
	goto error_return;
	}
	xhci_num_interrupts_init(xhci, mmio, irq_cnt);

	// select our IRQ mode
	status = pci_set_irq_mode(&pci, ZX_PCIE_IRQ_MODE_MSI, xhci->num_interrupts);
	if (status < 0) {
	zx_status_t status_legacy = pci_set_irq_mode(&pci, ZX_PCIE_IRQ_MODE_LEGACY, 1);

	if (status_legacy < 0) {
	dprintf(ERROR, "usb_xhci_bind Failed to set IRQ mode to either MSI "
	"(err = %d) or Legacy (err = %d)\n",
	status, status_legacy);
	goto error_return;
	}

	xhci->legacy_irq_mode = true;
	xhci->num_interrupts = 1;
	}

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < xhci->num_interrupts; i++) {
	// register for interrupts
	status = pci_map_interrupt(&pci, i, &xhci->irq_handles[i]);
	if (status != ZX_OK) {
	dprintf(ERROR, "usb_xhci_bind map_interrupt failed %d\n", status);
	goto error_return;
	}
	num_irq_handles_initialized++;
	}
	xhci->mmio_handle = mmio_handle;
	xhci->cfg_handle = cfg_handle;

	// stash this here for the startup thread to call device_add() with
	xhci->parent = dev;
	// used for enabling bus mastering
	memcpy(&xhci->pci, &pci, sizeof(pci_protocol_t));

	status = xhci_init(xhci, mmio);
	if (status != ZX_OK) {
	goto error_return;
	}

	thrd_t thread;
	thrd_create_with_name(&thread, xhci_start_thread, xhci, "xhci_start_thread");
	thrd_detach(thread);

	return ZX_OK;

	error_return:
	if (xhci) {
	free(xhci);
	}
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_irq_handles_initialized; i++) {
	zx_handle_close(xhci->irq_handles[i]);
	}
	if (mmio_handle != ZX_HANDLE_INVALID) {
	zx_handle_close(mmio_handle);
	}
	if (cfg_handle != ZX_HANDLE_INVALID) {
	zx_handle_close(cfg_handle);
	}
	return status;
	}

	static zx_driver_ops_t xhci_driver_ops = {
	.version = DRIVER_OPS_VERSION,
	.bind = usb_xhci_bind,
	};

	// clang-format off
	ZIRCON_DRIVER_BEGIN(usb_xhci, xhci_driver_ops, "zircon", "0.1", 4)
	BI_ABORT_IF(NE, BIND_PROTOCOL, ZX_PROTOCOL_PCI),
	BI_ABORT_IF(NE, BIND_PCI_CLASS, 0x0C),
	BI_ABORT_IF(NE, BIND_PCI_SUBCLASS, 0x03),
	BI_MATCH_IF(EQ, BIND_PCI_INTERFACE, 0x30),
	ZIRCON_DRIVER_END(usb_xhci)