| *digraph.txt* For Vim version 7.0f. Last change: 2005 Sep 11 |
| |
| |
| VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar |
| |
| |
| Digraphs *digraphs* *Digraphs* |
| |
| Digraphs are used to enter characters that normally cannot be entered by |
| an ordinary keyboard. These are mostly accented characters which have the |
| eighth bit set. The digraphs are easier to remember than the decimal number |
| that can be entered with CTRL-V (see |i_CTRL-V|). |
| |
| There is a brief introduction on digraphs in the user manual: |24.9| |
| An alternative is using the 'keymap' option. |
| |
| 1. Defining digraphs |digraphs-define| |
| 2. Using digraphs |digraphs-use| |
| 3. Default digraphs |digraphs-default| |
| |
| {Vi does not have any of these commands} |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 1. Defining digraphs *digraphs-define* |
| |
| *:dig* *:digraphs* |
| :dig[raphs] show currently defined digraphs. |
| *E104* *E39* |
| :dig[raphs] {char1}{char2} {number} ... |
| Add digraph {char1}{char2} to the list. {number} is |
| the decimal representation of the character. Normally |
| it is the Unicode character, see |digraph-encoding|. |
| Example: > |
| :digr e: 235 a: 228 |
| < Avoid defining a digraph with '_' (underscore) as the |
| first character, it has a special meaning in the |
| future. |
| |
| Vim is normally compiled with the |+digraphs| feature. If the feature is |
| disabled, the ":digraph" command will display an error message. |
| |
| Example of the output of ":digraphs": > |
| TH Þ 222 ss ß 223 a! à 224 a' á 225 a> â 226 a? ã 227 a: ä 228 |
| |
| The first two characters in each column are the characters you have to type to |
| enter the digraph. |
| |
| In the middle of each column is the resulting character. This may be mangled |
| if you look at it on a system that does not support digraphs or if you print |
| this file. |
| |
| *digraph-encoding* |
| The decimal number normally is the Unicode number of the character. Note that |
| the meaning doesn't change when 'encoding' changes. The character will be |
| converted from Unicode to 'encoding' when needed. This does require the |
| conversion to be available, it might fail. |
| |
| When Vim was compiled without the +multi_byte feature, you need to specify the |
| character in the encoding given with 'encoding'. You might want to use |
| something like this: > |
| |
| if has("multi_byte") |
| digraph oe 339 |
| elseif &encoding == "iso-8859-15" |
| digraph oe 189 |
| endif |
| |
| This defines the "oe" digraph for a character that is number 339 in Unicode |
| and 189 in latin9 (iso-8859-15). |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 2. Using digraphs *digraphs-use* |
| |
| There are two methods to enter digraphs: *i_digraph* |
| CTRL-K {char1} {char2} or |
| {char1} <BS> {char2} |
| The first is always available; the second only when the 'digraph' option is |
| set. |
| |
| If a digraph with {char1}{char2} does not exist, Vim searches for a digraph |
| {char2}{char1}. This helps when you don't remember which character comes |
| first. |
| |
| Note that when you enter CTRL-K {char1}, where {char1} is a special key, Vim |
| enters the code for that special key. This is not a digraph. |
| |
| Once you have entered the digraph, Vim treats the character like a normal |
| character that occupies only one character in the file and on the screen. |
| Example: > |
| 'B' <BS> 'B' will enter the broken '|' character (166) |
| 'a' <BS> '>' will enter an 'a' with a circumflex (226) |
| CTRL-K '-' '-' will enter a soft hyphen (173) |
| |
| The current digraphs are listed with the ":digraphs" command. Some of the |
| default ones are listed below |digraph-table|. |
| |
| For CTRL-K, there is one general digraph: CTRL-K <Space> {char} will enter |
| {char} with the highest bit set. You can use this to enter meta-characters. |
| |
| The <Esc> character cannot be part of a digraph. When hitting <Esc>, Vim |
| stops digraph entry and ends Insert mode or Command-line mode, just like |
| hitting an <Esc> out of digraph context. Use CTRL-V 155 to enter meta-ESC |
| (CSI). |
| |
| If you accidentally typed an 'a' that should be an 'e', you will type 'a' <BS> |
| 'e'. But that is a digraph, so you will not get what you want. To correct |
| this, you will have to type <BS> e again. To avoid this don't set the |
| 'digraph' option and use CTRL-K to enter digraphs. |
| |
| You may have problems using Vim with characters which have an ASCII value |
| above 128. For example: You insert ue (u-umlaut) and the editor echoes \334 |
| in Insert mode. After leaving the Insert mode everything is fine. Note that |
| fmt removes all characters with ASCII codes above 128 from the text being |
| formatted. On some Unix systems this means you have to define the |
| environment-variable LC_CTYPE. If you are using csh, then put the following |
| line in your .cshrc: > |
| setenv LC_CTYPE iso_8859_1 |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 3. Default digraphs *digraphs-default* |
| |
| Vim comes with a set of default digraphs. Check the output of ":digraphs" to |
| see them. |
| |
| On most systems Vim uses the same digraphs. They work for the Unicode and |
| ISO-8859-1 character sets. These default digraphs are taken from the RFC1345 |
| mnemonics. To make it easy to remember the mnemonic, the second character has |
| a standard meaning: |
| |
| char name char meaning ~ |
| Exclamation mark ! Grave |
| Apostrophe ' Acute accent |
| Greater-Than sign > Circumflex accent |
| Question Mark ? tilde |
| Hyphen-Minus - Macron |
| Left parenthesis ( Breve |
| Full Stop . Dot Above |
| Colon : Diaeresis |
| Comma , Cedilla |
| Underline _ Underline |
| Solidus / Stroke |
| Quotation mark " Double acute accent |
| Semicolon ; Ogonek |
| Less-Than sign < Caron |
| Zero 0 Ring above |
| Two 2 Hook |
| Nine 9 Horn |
| |
| Equals = Cyrillic |
| Asterisk * Greek |
| Percent sign % Greek/Cyrillic special |
| Plus + smalls: Arabic, capitals: Hebrew |
| Three 3 some Latin/Greek/Cyrillic letters |
| Four 4 Bopomofo |
| Five 5 Hiragana |
| Six 6 Katakana |
| |
| Example: a: is ä and o: is ö |
| |
| These are the RFC1345 digraphs for the one-byte characters. See the output of |
| ":digraphs" for the others. The characters above 255 are only available when |
| Vim was compiled with the |+multi_byte| feature. |
| |
| EURO |
| |
| Exception: RFC1345 doesn't specify the euro sign. In Vim the digraph =e was |
| added for this. Note the difference between latin1, where the digraph Cu is |
| used for the currency sign, and latin9 (iso-8859-15), where the digraph =e is |
| used for the euro sign, while both of them are the character 164, 0xa4. For |
| compatibility with zsh Eu can also be used for the euro sign. |
| |
| *digraph-table* |
| char digraph hex dec official name ~ |
| ^@ NU 0x00 0 NULL (NUL) |
| ^A SH 0x01 1 START OF HEADING (SOH) |
| ^B SX 0x02 2 START OF TEXT (STX) |
| ^C EX 0x03 3 END OF TEXT (ETX) |
| ^D ET 0x04 4 END OF TRANSMISSION (EOT) |
| ^E EQ 0x05 5 ENQUIRY (ENQ) |
| ^F AK 0x06 6 ACKNOWLEDGE (ACK) |
| ^G BL 0x07 7 BELL (BEL) |
| ^H BS 0x08 8 BACKSPACE (BS) |
| ^I HT 0x09 9 CHARACTER TABULATION (HT) |
| ^@ LF 0x0a 10 LINE FEED (LF) |
| ^K VT 0x0b 11 LINE TABULATION (VT) |
| ^L FF 0x0c 12 FORM FEED (FF) |
| ^M CR 0x0d 13 CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) |
| ^N SO 0x0e 14 SHIFT OUT (SO) |
| ^O SI 0x0f 15 SHIFT IN (SI) |
| ^P DL 0x10 16 DATALINK ESCAPE (DLE) |
| ^Q D1 0x11 17 DEVICE CONTROL ONE (DC1) |
| ^R D2 0x12 18 DEVICE CONTROL TWO (DC2) |
| ^S D3 0x13 19 DEVICE CONTROL THREE (DC3) |
| ^T D4 0x14 20 DEVICE CONTROL FOUR (DC4) |
| ^U NK 0x15 21 NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE (NAK) |
| ^V SY 0x16 22 SYNCRONOUS IDLE (SYN) |
| ^W EB 0x17 23 END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK (ETB) |
| ^X CN 0x18 24 CANCEL (CAN) |
| ^Y EM 0x19 25 END OF MEDIUM (EM) |
| ^Z SB 0x1a 26 SUBSTITUTE (SUB) |
| ^[ EC 0x1b 27 ESCAPE (ESC) |
| ^\ FS 0x1c 28 FILE SEPARATOR (IS4) |
| ^] GS 0x1d 29 GROUP SEPARATOR (IS3) |
| ^^ RS 0x1e 30 RECORD SEPARATOR (IS2) |
| ^_ US 0x1f 31 UNIT SEPARATOR (IS1) |
| SP 0x20 32 SPACE |
| # Nb 0x23 35 NUMBER SIGN |
| $ DO 0x24 36 DOLLAR SIGN |
| @ At 0x40 64 COMMERCIAL AT |
| [ <( 0x5b 91 LEFT SQUARE BRACKET |
| \ // 0x5c 92 REVERSE SOLIDUS |
| ] )> 0x5d 93 RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET |
| ^ '> 0x5e 94 CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT |
| ` '! 0x60 96 GRAVE ACCENT |
| { (! 0x7b 123 LEFT CURLY BRACKET |
| | !! 0x7c 124 VERTICAL LINE |
| } !) 0x7d 125 RIGHT CURLY BRACKET |
| ~ '? 0x7e 126 TILDE |
| ^? DT 0x7f 127 DELETE (DEL) |
| ~@ PA 0x80 128 PADDING CHARACTER (PAD) |
| ~A HO 0x81 129 HIGH OCTET PRESET (HOP) |
| ~B BH 0x82 130 BREAK PERMITTED HERE (BPH) |
| ~C NH 0x83 131 NO BREAK HERE (NBH) |
| ~D IN 0x84 132 INDEX (IND) |
| ~E NL 0x85 133 NEXT LINE (NEL) |
| ~F SA 0x86 134 START OF SELECTED AREA (SSA) |
| ~G ES 0x87 135 END OF SELECTED AREA (ESA) |
| ~H HS 0x88 136 CHARACTER TABULATION SET (HTS) |
| ~I HJ 0x89 137 CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION (HTJ) |
| ~J VS 0x8a 138 LINE TABULATION SET (VTS) |
| ~K PD 0x8b 139 PARTIAL LINE FORWARD (PLD) |
| ~L PU 0x8c 140 PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD (PLU) |
| ~M RI 0x8d 141 REVERSE LINE FEED (RI) |
| ~N S2 0x8e 142 SINGLE-SHIFT TWO (SS2) |
| ~O S3 0x8f 143 SINGLE-SHIFT THREE (SS3) |
| ~P DC 0x90 144 DEVICE CONTROL STRING (DCS) |
| ~Q P1 0x91 145 PRIVATE USE ONE (PU1) |
| ~R P2 0x92 146 PRIVATE USE TWO (PU2) |
| ~S TS 0x93 147 SET TRANSMIT STATE (STS) |
| ~T CC 0x94 148 CANCEL CHARACTER (CCH) |
| ~U MW 0x95 149 MESSAGE WAITING (MW) |
| ~V SG 0x96 150 START OF GUARDED AREA (SPA) |
| ~W EG 0x97 151 END OF GUARDED AREA (EPA) |
| ~X SS 0x98 152 START OF STRING (SOS) |
| ~Y GC 0x99 153 SINGLE GRAPHIC CHARACTER INTRODUCER (SGCI) |
| ~Z SC 0x9a 154 SINGLE CHARACTER INTRODUCER (SCI) |
| ~[ CI 0x9b 155 CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER (CSI) |
| ~\ ST 0x9c 156 STRING TERMINATOR (ST) |
| ~] OC 0x9d 157 OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND (OSC) |
| ~^ PM 0x9e 158 PRIVACY MESSAGE (PM) |
| ~_ AC 0x9f 159 APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND (APC) |
| | NS 0xa0 160 NO-BREAK SPACE |
| ¡ !I 0xa1 161 INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK |
| ¢ Ct 0xa2 162 CENT SIGN |
| £ Pd 0xa3 163 POUND SIGN |
| ¤ Cu 0xa4 164 CURRENCY SIGN |
| ¥ Ye 0xa5 165 YEN SIGN |
| ¦ BB 0xa6 166 BROKEN BAR |
| § SE 0xa7 167 SECTION SIGN |
| ¨ ': 0xa8 168 DIAERESIS |
| © Co 0xa9 169 COPYRIGHT SIGN |
| ª -a 0xaa 170 FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR |
| « << 0xab 171 LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK |
| ¬ NO 0xac 172 NOT SIGN |
| -- 0xad 173 SOFT HYPHEN |
| ® Rg 0xae 174 REGISTERED SIGN |
| ¯ 'm 0xaf 175 MACRON |
| ° DG 0xb0 176 DEGREE SIGN |
| ± +- 0xb1 177 PLUS-MINUS SIGN |
| ² 2S 0xb2 178 SUPERSCRIPT TWO |
| ³ 3S 0xb3 179 SUPERSCRIPT THREE |
| ´ '' 0xb4 180 ACUTE ACCENT |
| µ My 0xb5 181 MICRO SIGN |
| ¶ PI 0xb6 182 PILCROW SIGN |
| · .M 0xb7 183 MIDDLE DOT |
| ¸ ', 0xb8 184 CEDILLA |
| ¹ 1S 0xb9 185 SUPERSCRIPT ONE |
| º -o 0xba 186 MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR |
| » >> 0xbb 187 RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK |
| ¼ 14 0xbc 188 VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER |
| ½ 12 0xbd 189 VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF |
| ¾ 34 0xbe 190 VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS |
| ¿ ?I 0xbf 191 INVERTED QUESTION MARK |
| À A! 0xc0 192 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE |
| Á A' 0xc1 193 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE |
| Â A> 0xc2 194 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX |
| Ã A? 0xc3 195 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE |
| Ä A: 0xc4 196 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS |
| Å AA 0xc5 197 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE |
| Æ AE 0xc6 198 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE |
| Ç C, 0xc7 199 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA |
| È E! 0xc8 200 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE |
| É E' 0xc9 201 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE |
| Ê E> 0xca 202 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX |
| Ë E: 0xcb 203 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS |
| Ì I! 0xcc 204 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE |
| Í I' 0xcd 205 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE |
| Î I> 0xce 206 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX |
| Ï I: 0xcf 207 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS |
| Ð D- 0xd0 208 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH (Icelandic) |
| Ñ N? 0xd1 209 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE |
| Ò O! 0xd2 210 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE |
| Ó O' 0xd3 211 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE |
| Ô O> 0xd4 212 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX |
| Õ O? 0xd5 213 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE |
| Ö O: 0xd6 214 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS |
| × *X 0xd7 215 MULTIPLICATION SIGN |
| Ø O/ 0xd8 216 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE |
| Ù U! 0xd9 217 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE |
| Ú U' 0xda 218 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE |
| Û U> 0xdb 219 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX |
| Ü U: 0xdc 220 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS |
| Ý Y' 0xdd 221 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE |
| Þ TH 0xde 222 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN (Icelandic) |
| ß ss 0xdf 223 LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S (German) |
| à a! 0xe0 224 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE |
| á a' 0xe1 225 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE |
| â a> 0xe2 226 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX |
| ã a? 0xe3 227 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE |
| ä a: 0xe4 228 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS |
| å aa 0xe5 229 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE |
| æ ae 0xe6 230 LATIN SMALL LETTER AE |
| ç c, 0xe7 231 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA |
| è e! 0xe8 232 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE |
| é e' 0xe9 233 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE |
| ê e> 0xea 234 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX |
| ë e: 0xeb 235 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS |
| ì i! 0xec 236 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE |
| í i' 0xed 237 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE |
| î i> 0xee 238 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX |
| ï i: 0xef 239 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS |
| ð d- 0xf0 240 LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH (Icelandic) |
| ñ n? 0xf1 241 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE |
| ò o! 0xf2 242 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE |
| ó o' 0xf3 243 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE |
| ô o> 0xf4 244 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX |
| õ o? 0xf5 245 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE |
| ö o: 0xf6 246 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS |
| ÷ -: 0xf7 247 DIVISION SIGN |
| ø o/ 0xf8 248 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE |
| ù u! 0xf9 249 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE |
| ú u' 0xfa 250 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE |
| û u> 0xfb 251 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX |
| ü u: 0xfc 252 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS |
| ý y' 0xfd 253 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE |
| þ th 0xfe 254 LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN (Icelandic) |
| ÿ y: 0xff 255 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS |
| |
| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |
