| *windows.txt* For Vim version 7.3. Last change: 2012 Nov 15 |
| |
| |
| VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar |
| |
| |
| Editing with multiple windows and buffers. *windows* *buffers* |
| |
| The commands which have been added to use multiple windows and buffers are |
| explained here. Additionally, there are explanations for commands that work |
| differently when used in combination with more than one window. |
| |
| The basics are explained in chapter 7 and 8 of the user manual |usr_07.txt| |
| |usr_08.txt|. |
| |
| 1. Introduction |windows-intro| |
| 2. Starting Vim |windows-starting| |
| 3. Opening and closing a window |opening-window| |
| 4. Moving cursor to other windows |window-move-cursor| |
| 5. Moving windows around |window-moving| |
| 6. Window resizing |window-resize| |
| 7. Argument and buffer list commands |buffer-list| |
| 8. Do a command in all buffers or windows |list-repeat| |
| 9. Tag or file name under the cursor |window-tag| |
| 10. The preview window |preview-window| |
| 11. Using hidden buffers |buffer-hidden| |
| 12. Special kinds of buffers |special-buffers| |
| |
| {Vi does not have any of these commands} |
| {not able to use multiple windows when the |+windows| feature was disabled at |
| compile time} |
| {not able to use vertically split windows when the |+vertsplit| feature was |
| disabled at compile time} |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 1. Introduction *windows-intro* *window* |
| |
| Summary: |
| A buffer is the in-memory text of a file. |
| A window is a viewport on a buffer. |
| A tab page is a collection of windows. |
| |
| A window is a viewport onto a buffer. You can use multiple windows on one |
| buffer, or several windows on different buffers. |
| |
| A buffer is a file loaded into memory for editing. The original file remains |
| unchanged until you write the buffer to the file. |
| |
| A buffer can be in one of three states: |
| |
| *active-buffer* |
| active: The buffer is displayed in a window. If there is a file for this |
| buffer, it has been read into the buffer. The buffer may have been |
| modified since then and thus be different from the file. |
| *hidden-buffer* |
| hidden: The buffer is not displayed. If there is a file for this buffer, it |
| has been read into the buffer. Otherwise it's the same as an active |
| buffer, you just can't see it. |
| *inactive-buffer* |
| inactive: The buffer is not displayed and does not contain anything. Options |
| for the buffer are remembered if the file was once loaded. It can |
| contain marks from the |viminfo| file. But the buffer doesn't |
| contain text. |
| |
| In a table: |
| |
| state displayed loaded ":buffers" ~ |
| in window shows ~ |
| active yes yes 'a' |
| hidden no yes 'h' |
| inactive no no ' ' |
| |
| Note: All CTRL-W commands can also be executed with |:wincmd|, for those |
| places where a Normal mode command can't be used or is inconvenient. |
| |
| The main Vim window can hold several split windows. There are also tab pages |
| |tab-page|, each of which can hold multiple windows. |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 2. Starting Vim *windows-starting* |
| |
| By default, Vim starts with one window, just like Vi. |
| |
| The "-o" and "-O" arguments to Vim can be used to open a window for each file |
| in the argument list. The "-o" argument will split the windows horizontally; |
| the "-O" argument will split the windows vertically. If both "-o" and "-O" |
| are given, the last one encountered will be used to determine the split |
| orientation. For example, this will open three windows, split horizontally: > |
| vim -o file1 file2 file3 |
| |
| "-oN", where N is a decimal number, opens N windows split horizontally. If |
| there are more file names than windows, only N windows are opened and some |
| files do not get a window. If there are more windows than file names, the |
| last few windows will be editing empty buffers. Similarly, "-ON" opens N |
| windows split vertically, with the same restrictions. |
| |
| If there are many file names, the windows will become very small. You might |
| want to set the 'winheight' and/or 'winwidth' options to create a workable |
| situation. |
| |
| Buf/Win Enter/Leave |autocommand|s are not executed when opening the new |
| windows and reading the files, that's only done when they are really entered. |
| |
| *status-line* |
| A status line will be used to separate windows. The 'laststatus' option tells |
| when the last window also has a status line: |
| 'laststatus' = 0 never a status line |
| 'laststatus' = 1 status line if there is more than one window |
| 'laststatus' = 2 always a status line |
| |
| You can change the contents of the status line with the 'statusline' option. |
| This option can be local to the window, so that you can have a different |
| status line in each window. |
| |
| Normally, inversion is used to display the status line. This can be changed |
| with the 's' character in the 'highlight' option. For example, "sb" sets it to |
| bold characters. If no highlighting is used for the status line ("sn"), the |
| '^' character is used for the current window, and '=' for other windows. If |
| the mouse is supported and enabled with the 'mouse' option, a status line can |
| be dragged to resize windows. |
| |
| Note: If you expect your status line to be in reverse video and it isn't, |
| check if the 'highlight' option contains "si". In version 3.0, this meant to |
| invert the status line. Now it should be "sr", reverse the status line, as |
| "si" now stands for italic! If italic is not available on your terminal, the |
| status line is inverted anyway; you will only see this problem on terminals |
| that have termcap codes for italics. |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 3. Opening and closing a window *opening-window* *E36* |
| |
| CTRL-W s *CTRL-W_s* |
| CTRL-W S *CTRL-W_S* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-S *CTRL-W_CTRL-S* |
| :[N]sp[lit] [++opt] [+cmd] *:sp* *:split* |
| Split current window in two. The result is two viewports on |
| the same file. Make new window N high (default is to use half |
| the height of the current window). Reduces the current window |
| height to create room (and others, if the 'equalalways' option |
| is set, 'eadirection' isn't "hor", and one of them is higher |
| than the current or the new window). |
| Note: CTRL-S does not work on all terminals and might block |
| further input, use CTRL-Q to get going again. |
| Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. |
| |
| CTRL-W CTRL-V *CTRL-W_CTRL-V* |
| CTRL-W v *CTRL-W_v* |
| :[N]vs[plit] [++opt] [+cmd] [file] *:vs* *:vsplit* |
| Like |:split|, but split vertically. The windows will be |
| spread out horizontally if |
| 1. a width was not specified, |
| 2. 'equalalways' is set, |
| 3. 'eadirection' isn't "ver", and |
| 4. one of the other windows is wider than the current or new |
| window. |
| Note: In other places CTRL-Q does the same as CTRL-V, but here |
| it doesn't! |
| |
| CTRL-W n *CTRL-W_n* |
| CTRL-W CTRL_N *CTRL-W_CTRL-N* |
| :[N]new [++opt] [+cmd] *:new* |
| Create a new window and start editing an empty file in it. |
| Make new window N high (default is to use half the existing |
| height). Reduces the current window height to create room (and |
| others, if the 'equalalways' option is set and 'eadirection' |
| isn't "hor"). |
| Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. |
| If 'fileformats' is not empty, the first format given will be |
| used for the new buffer. If 'fileformats' is empty, the |
| 'fileformat' of the current buffer is used. This can be |
| overridden with the |++opt| argument. |
| Autocommands are executed in this order: |
| 1. WinLeave for the current window |
| 2. WinEnter for the new window |
| 3. BufLeave for the current buffer |
| 4. BufEnter for the new buffer |
| This behaves like a ":split" first, and then an ":enew" |
| command. |
| |
| :[N]vne[w] [++opt] [+cmd] [file] *:vne* *:vnew* |
| Like |:new|, but split vertically. If 'equalalways' is set |
| and 'eadirection' isn't "ver" the windows will be spread out |
| horizontally, unless a width was specified. |
| |
| :[N]new [++opt] [+cmd] {file} |
| :[N]sp[lit] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} *:split_f* |
| Create a new window and start editing file {file} in it. This |
| behaves like a ":split" first, and then an ":e" command. |
| If [+cmd] is given, execute the command when the file has been |
| loaded |+cmd|. |
| Also see |++opt|. |
| Make new window N high (default is to use half the existing |
| height). Reduces the current window height to create room |
| (and others, if the 'equalalways' option is set). |
| |
| :[N]sv[iew] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} *:sv* *:sview* *splitview* |
| Same as ":split", but set 'readonly' option for this buffer. |
| |
| :[N]sf[ind] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} *:sf* *:sfind* *splitfind* |
| Same as ":split", but search for {file} in 'path' like in |
| |:find|. Doesn't split if {file} is not found. |
| |
| CTRL-W CTRL-^ *CTRL-W_CTRL-^* *CTRL-W_^* |
| CTRL-W ^ Does ":split #", split window in two and edit alternate file. |
| When a count is given, it becomes ":split #N", split window |
| and edit buffer N. |
| |
| Note that the 'splitbelow' and 'splitright' options influence where a new |
| window will appear. |
| |
| *:vert* *:vertical* |
| :vert[ical] {cmd} |
| Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window, |
| it will be split vertically. |
| Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|. |
| |
| :lefta[bove] {cmd} *:lefta* *:leftabove* |
| :abo[veleft] {cmd} *:abo* *:aboveleft* |
| Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window, |
| it will be opened left (vertical split) or above (horizontal |
| split) the current window. Overrules 'splitbelow' and |
| 'splitright'. |
| Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|. |
| |
| :rightb[elow] {cmd} *:rightb* *:rightbelow* |
| :bel[owright] {cmd} *:bel* *:belowright* |
| Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window, |
| it will be opened right (vertical split) or below (horizontal |
| split) the current window. Overrules 'splitbelow' and |
| 'splitright'. |
| Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|. |
| |
| *:topleft* *E442* |
| :to[pleft] {cmd} |
| Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window, |
| it will appear at the top and occupy the full width of the Vim |
| window. When the split is vertical the window appears at the |
| far left and occupies the full height of the Vim window. |
| Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|. |
| |
| *:botright* |
| :bo[tright] {cmd} |
| Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window, |
| it will appear at the bottom and occupy the full width of the |
| Vim window. When the split is vertical the window appears at |
| the far right and occupies the full height of the Vim window. |
| Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|. |
| |
| These command modifiers can be combined to make a vertically split window |
| occupy the full height. Example: > |
| :vertical topleft split tags |
| Opens a vertically split, full-height window on the "tags" file at the far |
| left of the Vim window. |
| |
| |
| Closing a window |
| ---------------- |
| |
| CTRL-W q *CTRL-W_q* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-Q *CTRL-W_CTRL-Q* |
| :q[uit] Quit current window. When quitting the last window (not |
| counting a help window), exit Vim. |
| When 'hidden' is set, and there is only one window for the |
| current buffer, it becomes hidden. |
| When 'hidden' is not set, and there is only one window for the |
| current buffer, and the buffer was changed, the command fails. |
| (Note: CTRL-Q does not work on all terminals) |
| |
| :q[uit]! Quit current window. If this was the last window for a buffer, |
| any changes to that buffer are lost. When quitting the last |
| window (not counting help windows), exit Vim. The contents of |
| the buffer are lost, even when 'hidden' is set. |
| |
| CTRL-W c *CTRL-W_c* *:clo* *:close* |
| :clo[se][!] Close current window. When the 'hidden' option is set, or |
| when the buffer was changed and the [!] is used, the buffer |
| becomes hidden (unless there is another window editing it). |
| When there is only one window in the current tab page and |
| there is another tab page, this closes the current tab page. |
| |tab-page|. |
| This command fails when: *E444* |
| - There is only one window on the screen. |
| - When 'hidden' is not set, [!] is not used, the buffer has |
| changes, and there is no other window on this buffer. |
| Changes to the buffer are not written and won't get lost, so |
| this is a "safe" command. |
| |
| CTRL-W CTRL-C *CTRL-W_CTRL-C* |
| You might have expected that CTRL-W CTRL-C closes the current |
| window, but that does not work, because the CTRL-C cancels the |
| command. |
| |
| *:hide* |
| :hid[e] Quit current window, unless it is the last window on the |
| screen. The buffer becomes hidden (unless there is another |
| window editing it or 'bufhidden' is "unload" or "delete"). |
| If the window is the last one in the current tab page the tab |
| page is closed. |tab-page| |
| The value of 'hidden' is irrelevant for this command. |
| Changes to the buffer are not written and won't get lost, so |
| this is a "safe" command. |
| |
| :hid[e] {cmd} Execute {cmd} with 'hidden' is set. The previous value of |
| 'hidden' is restored after {cmd} has been executed. |
| Example: > |
| :hide edit Makefile |
| < This will edit "Makefile", and hide the current buffer if it |
| has any changes. |
| |
| CTRL-W o *CTRL-W_o* *E445* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-O *CTRL-W_CTRL-O* *:on* *:only* |
| :on[ly][!] Make the current window the only one on the screen. All other |
| windows are closed. |
| When the 'hidden' option is set, all buffers in closed windows |
| become hidden. |
| When 'hidden' is not set, and the 'autowrite' option is set, |
| modified buffers are written. Otherwise, windows that have |
| buffers that are modified are not removed, unless the [!] is |
| given, then they become hidden. But modified buffers are |
| never abandoned, so changes cannot get lost. |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 4. Moving cursor to other windows *window-move-cursor* |
| |
| CTRL-W <Down> *CTRL-W_<Down>* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-J *CTRL-W_CTRL-J* *CTRL-W_j* |
| CTRL-W j Move cursor to Nth window below current one. Uses the cursor |
| position to select between alternatives. |
| |
| CTRL-W <Up> *CTRL-W_<Up>* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-K *CTRL-W_CTRL-K* *CTRL-W_k* |
| CTRL-W k Move cursor to Nth window above current one. Uses the cursor |
| position to select between alternatives. |
| |
| CTRL-W <Left> *CTRL-W_<Left>* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-H *CTRL-W_CTRL-H* |
| CTRL-W <BS> *CTRL-W_<BS>* *CTRL-W_h* |
| CTRL-W h Move cursor to Nth window left of current one. Uses the |
| cursor position to select between alternatives. |
| |
| CTRL-W <Right> *CTRL-W_<Right>* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-L *CTRL-W_CTRL-L* *CTRL-W_l* |
| CTRL-W l Move cursor to Nth window right of current one. Uses the |
| cursor position to select between alternatives. |
| |
| CTRL-W w *CTRL-W_w* *CTRL-W_CTRL-W* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-W Without count: move cursor to window below/right of the |
| current one. If there is no window below or right, go to |
| top-left window. |
| With count: go to Nth window (windows are numbered from |
| top-left to bottom-right). To obtain the window number see |
| |bufwinnr()| and |winnr()|. When N is larger than the number |
| of windows go to the last window. |
| |
| *CTRL-W_W* |
| CTRL-W W Without count: move cursor to window above/left of current |
| one. If there is no window above or left, go to bottom-right |
| window. With count: go to Nth window, like with CTRL-W w. |
| |
| CTRL-W t *CTRL-W_t* *CTRL-W_CTRL-T* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-T Move cursor to top-left window. |
| |
| CTRL-W b *CTRL-W_b* *CTRL-W_CTRL-B* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-B Move cursor to bottom-right window. |
| |
| CTRL-W p *CTRL-W_p* *CTRL-W_CTRL-P* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-P Go to previous (last accessed) window. |
| |
| *CTRL-W_P* *E441* |
| CTRL-W P Go to preview window. When there is no preview window this is |
| an error. |
| {not available when compiled without the |+quickfix| feature} |
| |
| If Visual mode is active and the new window is not for the same buffer, the |
| Visual mode is ended. If the window is on the same buffer, the cursor |
| position is set to keep the same Visual area selected. |
| |
| *:winc* *:wincmd* |
| These commands can also be executed with ":wincmd": |
| |
| :[count]winc[md] {arg} |
| Like executing CTRL-W [count] {arg}. Example: > |
| :wincmd j |
| < Moves to the window below the current one. |
| This command is useful when a Normal mode cannot be used (for |
| the |CursorHold| autocommand event). Or when a Normal mode |
| command is inconvenient. |
| The count can also be a window number. Example: > |
| :exe nr . "wincmd w" |
| < This goes to window "nr". |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 5. Moving windows around *window-moving* |
| |
| CTRL-W r *CTRL-W_r* *CTRL-W_CTRL-R* *E443* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-R Rotate windows downwards/rightwards. The first window becomes |
| the second one, the second one becomes the third one, etc. |
| The last window becomes the first window. The cursor remains |
| in the same window. |
| This only works within the row or column of windows that the |
| current window is in. |
| |
| *CTRL-W_R* |
| CTRL-W R Rotate windows upwards/leftwards. The second window becomes |
| the first one, the third one becomes the second one, etc. The |
| first window becomes the last window. The cursor remains in |
| the same window. |
| This only works within the row or column of windows that the |
| current window is in. |
| |
| CTRL-W x *CTRL-W_x* *CTRL-W_CTRL-X* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-X Without count: Exchange current window with next one. If there |
| is no next window, exchange with previous window. |
| With count: Exchange current window with Nth window (first |
| window is 1). The cursor is put in the other window. |
| When vertical and horizontal window splits are mixed, the |
| exchange is only done in the row or column of windows that the |
| current window is in. |
| |
| The following commands can be used to change the window layout. For example, |
| when there are two vertically split windows, CTRL-W K will change that in |
| horizontally split windows. CTRL-W H does it the other way around. |
| |
| *CTRL-W_K* |
| CTRL-W K Move the current window to be at the very top, using the full |
| width of the screen. This works like closing the current |
| window and then creating another one with ":topleft split", |
| except that the current window contents is used for the new |
| window. |
| |
| *CTRL-W_J* |
| CTRL-W J Move the current window to be at the very bottom, using the |
| full width of the screen. This works like closing the current |
| window and then creating another one with ":botright split", |
| except that the current window contents is used for the new |
| window. |
| |
| *CTRL-W_H* |
| CTRL-W H Move the current window to be at the far left, using the |
| full height of the screen. This works like closing the |
| current window and then creating another one with |
| ":vert topleft split", except that the current window contents |
| is used for the new window. |
| {not available when compiled without the |+vertsplit| feature} |
| |
| *CTRL-W_L* |
| CTRL-W L Move the current window to be at the far right, using the full |
| height of the screen. This works like closing the |
| current window and then creating another one with |
| ":vert botright split", except that the current window |
| contents is used for the new window. |
| {not available when compiled without the |+vertsplit| feature} |
| |
| *CTRL-W_T* |
| CTRL-W T Move the current window to a new tab page. This fails if |
| there is only one window in the current tab page. |
| When a count is specified the new tab page will be opened |
| before the tab page with this index. Otherwise it comes after |
| the current tab page. |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 6. Window resizing *window-resize* |
| |
| *CTRL-W_=* |
| CTRL-W = Make all windows (almost) equally high and wide, but use |
| 'winheight' and 'winwidth' for the current window. |
| Windows with 'winfixheight' set keep their height and windows |
| with 'winfixwidth' set keep their width. |
| |
| :res[ize] -N *:res* *:resize* *CTRL-W_-* |
| CTRL-W - Decrease current window height by N (default 1). |
| If used after |:vertical|: decrease width by N. |
| |
| :res[ize] +N *CTRL-W_+* |
| CTRL-W + Increase current window height by N (default 1). |
| If used after |:vertical|: increase width by N. |
| |
| :res[ize] [N] |
| CTRL-W CTRL-_ *CTRL-W_CTRL-_* *CTRL-W__* |
| CTRL-W _ Set current window height to N (default: highest possible). |
| |
| z{nr}<CR> Set current window height to {nr}. |
| |
| *CTRL-W_<* |
| CTRL-W < Decrease current window width by N (default 1). |
| |
| *CTRL-W_>* |
| CTRL-W > Increase current window width by N (default 1). |
| |
| :vertical res[ize] [N] *:vertical-resize* *CTRL-W_bar* |
| CTRL-W | Set current window width to N (default: widest possible). |
| |
| You can also resize a window by dragging a status line up or down with the |
| mouse. Or by dragging a vertical separator line left or right. This only |
| works if the version of Vim that is being used supports the mouse and the |
| 'mouse' option has been set to enable it. |
| |
| The option 'winheight' ('wh') is used to set the minimal window height of the |
| current window. This option is used each time another window becomes the |
| current window. If the option is '0', it is disabled. Set 'winheight' to a |
| very large value, e.g., '9999', to make the current window always fill all |
| available space. Set it to a reasonable value, e.g., '10', to make editing in |
| the current window comfortable. |
| |
| The equivalent 'winwidth' ('wiw') option is used to set the minimal width of |
| the current window. |
| |
| When the option 'equalalways' ('ea') is set, all the windows are automatically |
| made the same size after splitting or closing a window. If you don't set this |
| option, splitting a window will reduce the size of the current window and |
| leave the other windows the same. When closing a window, the extra lines are |
| given to the window above it. |
| |
| The 'eadirection' option limits the direction in which the 'equalalways' |
| option is applied. The default "both" resizes in both directions. When the |
| value is "ver" only the heights of windows are equalized. Use this when you |
| have manually resized a vertically split window and want to keep this width. |
| Likewise, "hor" causes only the widths of windows to be equalized. |
| |
| The option 'cmdheight' ('ch') is used to set the height of the command-line. |
| If you are annoyed by the |hit-enter| prompt for long messages, set this |
| option to 2 or 3. |
| |
| If there is only one window, resizing that window will also change the command |
| line height. If there are several windows, resizing the current window will |
| also change the height of the window below it (and sometimes the window above |
| it). |
| |
| The minimal height and width of a window is set with 'winminheight' and |
| 'winminwidth'. These are hard values, a window will never become smaller. |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 7. Argument and buffer list commands *buffer-list* |
| |
| args list buffer list meaning ~ |
| 1. :[N]argument [N] 11. :[N]buffer [N] to arg/buf N |
| 2. :[N]next [file ..] 12. :[N]bnext [N] to Nth next arg/buf |
| 3. :[N]Next [N] 13. :[N]bNext [N] to Nth previous arg/buf |
| 4. :[N]previous [N] 14. :[N]bprevious [N] to Nth previous arg/buf |
| 5. :rewind / :first 15. :brewind / :bfirst to first arg/buf |
| 6. :last 16. :blast to last arg/buf |
| 7. :all 17. :ball edit all args/buffers |
| 18. :unhide edit all loaded buffers |
| 19. :[N]bmod [N] to Nth modified buf |
| |
| split & args list split & buffer list meaning ~ |
| 21. :[N]sargument [N] 31. :[N]sbuffer [N] split + to arg/buf N |
| 22. :[N]snext [file ..] 32. :[N]sbnext [N] split + to Nth next arg/buf |
| 23. :[N]sNext [N] 33. :[N]sbNext [N] split + to Nth previous arg/buf |
| 24. :[N]sprevious [N] 34. :[N]sbprevious [N] split + to Nth previous arg/buf |
| 25. :srewind / :sfirst 35. :sbrewind / :sbfirst split + to first arg/buf |
| 26. :slast 36. :sblast split + to last arg/buf |
| 27. :sall 37. :sball edit all args/buffers |
| 38. :sunhide edit all loaded buffers |
| 39. :[N]sbmod [N] split + to Nth modified buf |
| |
| 40. :args list of arguments |
| 41. :buffers list of buffers |
| |
| The meaning of [N] depends on the command: |
| [N] is number of buffers to go forward/backward on ?2, ?3, and ?4 |
| [N] is an argument number, defaulting to current argument, for 1 and 21 |
| [N] is a buffer number, defaulting to current buffer, for 11 and 31 |
| [N] is a count for 19 and 39 |
| |
| Note: ":next" is an exception, because it must accept a list of file names |
| for compatibility with Vi. |
| |
| |
| The argument list and multiple windows |
| -------------------------------------- |
| |
| The current position in the argument list can be different for each window. |
| Remember that when doing ":e file", the position in the argument list stays |
| the same, but you are not editing the file at that position. To indicate |
| this, the file message (and the title, if you have one) shows |
| "(file (N) of M)", where "(N)" is the current position in the file list, and |
| "M" the number of files in the file list. |
| |
| All the entries in the argument list are added to the buffer list. Thus, you |
| can also get to them with the buffer list commands, like ":bnext". |
| |
| :[N]al[l][!] [N] *:al* *:all* *:sal* *:sall* |
| :[N]sal[l][!] [N] |
| Rearrange the screen to open one window for each argument. |
| All other windows are closed. When a count is given, this is |
| the maximum number of windows to open. |
| With the |:tab| modifier open a tab page for each argument. |
| When there are more arguments than 'tabpagemax' further ones |
| become split windows in the last tab page. |
| When the 'hidden' option is set, all buffers in closed windows |
| become hidden. |
| When 'hidden' is not set, and the 'autowrite' option is set, |
| modified buffers are written. Otherwise, windows that have |
| buffers that are modified are not removed, unless the [!] is |
| given, then they become hidden. But modified buffers are |
| never abandoned, so changes cannot get lost. |
| [N] is the maximum number of windows to open. 'winheight' |
| also limits the number of windows opened ('winwidth' if |
| |:vertical| was prepended). |
| Buf/Win Enter/Leave autocommands are not executed for the new |
| windows here, that's only done when they are really entered. |
| |
| :[N]sa[rgument][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [N] *:sa* *:sargument* |
| Short for ":split | argument [N]": split window and go to Nth |
| argument. But when there is no such argument, the window is |
| not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. |
| |
| :[N]sn[ext][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [file ..] *:sn* *:snext* |
| Short for ":split | [N]next": split window and go to Nth next |
| argument. But when there is no next file, the window is not |
| split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. |
| |
| :[N]spr[evious][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [N] *:spr* *:sprevious* |
| :[N]sN[ext][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [N] *:sN* *:sNext* |
| Short for ":split | [N]Next": split window and go to Nth |
| previous argument. But when there is no previous file, the |
| window is not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. |
| |
| *:sre* *:srewind* |
| :sre[wind][!] [++opt] [+cmd] |
| Short for ":split | rewind": split window and go to first |
| argument. But when there is no argument list, the window is |
| not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. |
| |
| *:sfir* *:sfirst* |
| :sfir[st] [++opt] [+cmd] |
| Same as ":srewind". |
| |
| *:sla* *:slast* |
| :sla[st][!] [++opt] [+cmd] |
| Short for ":split | last": split window and go to last |
| argument. But when there is no argument list, the window is |
| not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. |
| |
| *:dr* *:drop* |
| :dr[op] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} .. |
| Edit the first {file} in a window. |
| - If the file is already open in a window change to that |
| window. |
| - If the file is not open in a window edit the file in the |
| current window. If the current buffer can't be |abandon|ed, |
| the window is split first. |
| The |argument-list| is set, like with the |:next| command. |
| The purpose of this command is that it can be used from a |
| program that wants Vim to edit another file, e.g., a debugger. |
| When using the |:tab| modifier each argument is opened in a |
| tab page. The last window is used if it's empty. |
| Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. |
| {only available when compiled with a GUI} |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 8. Do a command in all buffers or windows *list-repeat* |
| |
| *:windo* |
| :windo {cmd} Execute {cmd} in each window. |
| It works like doing this: > |
| CTRL-W t |
| :{cmd} |
| CTRL-W w |
| :{cmd} |
| etc. |
| < This only operates in the current tab page. |
| When an error is detected on one window, further |
| windows will not be visited. |
| The last window (or where an error occurred) becomes |
| the current window. |
| {cmd} can contain '|' to concatenate several commands. |
| {cmd} must not open or close windows or reorder them. |
| {not in Vi} {not available when compiled without the |
| |+listcmds| feature} |
| Also see |:tabdo|, |:argdo| and |:bufdo|. |
| |
| *:bufdo* |
| :bufdo[!] {cmd} Execute {cmd} in each buffer in the buffer list. |
| It works like doing this: > |
| :bfirst |
| :{cmd} |
| :bnext |
| :{cmd} |
| etc. |
| < When the current file can't be |abandon|ed and the [!] |
| is not present, the command fails. |
| When an error is detected on one buffer, further |
| buffers will not be visited. |
| Unlisted buffers are skipped. |
| The last buffer (or where an error occurred) becomes |
| the current buffer. |
| {cmd} can contain '|' to concatenate several commands. |
| {cmd} must not delete buffers or add buffers to the |
| buffer list. |
| Note: While this command is executing, the Syntax |
| autocommand event is disabled by adding it to |
| 'eventignore'. This considerably speeds up editing |
| each buffer. |
| {not in Vi} {not available when compiled without the |
| |+listcmds| feature} |
| Also see |:tabdo|, |:argdo| and |:windo|. |
| |
| Examples: > |
| |
| :windo set nolist nofoldcolumn | normal zn |
| |
| This resets the 'list' option and disables folding in all windows. > |
| |
| :bufdo set fileencoding= | update |
| |
| This resets the 'fileencoding' in each buffer and writes it if this changed |
| the buffer. The result is that all buffers will use the 'encoding' encoding |
| (if conversion works properly). |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 9. Tag or file name under the cursor *window-tag* |
| |
| *:sta* *:stag* |
| :sta[g][!] [tagname] |
| Does ":tag[!] [tagname]" and splits the window for the found |
| tag. See also |:tag|. |
| |
| CTRL-W ] *CTRL-W_]* *CTRL-W_CTRL-]* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a |
| tag and jump to it in the new upper window. Make new window N |
| high. |
| |
| *CTRL-W_g]* |
| CTRL-W g ] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a |
| tag and perform ":tselect" on it in the new upper window. |
| Make new window N high. |
| |
| *CTRL-W_g_CTRL-]* |
| CTRL-W g CTRL-] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a |
| tag and perform ":tjump" on it in the new upper window. Make |
| new window N high. |
| |
| CTRL-W f *CTRL-W_f* *CTRL-W_CTRL-F* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-F Split current window in two. Edit file name under cursor. |
| Like ":split gf", but window isn't split if the file does not |
| exist. |
| Uses the 'path' variable as a list of directory names where to |
| look for the file. Also the path for current file is |
| used to search for the file name. |
| If the name is a hypertext link that looks like |
| "type://machine/path", only "/path" is used. |
| If a count is given, the count'th matching file is edited. |
| {not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was disabled |
| at compile time} |
| |
| CTRL-W F *CTRL-W_F* |
| Split current window in two. Edit file name under cursor and |
| jump to the line number following the file name. See |gF| for |
| details on how the line number is obtained. |
| {not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was disabled |
| at compile time} |
| |
| CTRL-W gf *CTRL-W_gf* |
| Open a new tab page and edit the file name under the cursor. |
| Like "tab split" and "gf", but the new tab page isn't created |
| if the file does not exist. |
| {not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was disabled |
| at compile time} |
| |
| CTRL-W gF *CTRL-W_gF* |
| Open a new tab page and edit the file name under the cursor |
| and jump to the line number following the file name. Like |
| "tab split" and "gF", but the new tab page isn't created if |
| the file does not exist. |
| {not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was disabled |
| at compile time} |
| |
| Also see |CTRL-W_CTRL-I|: open window for an included file that includes |
| the keyword under the cursor. |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 10. The preview window *preview-window* |
| |
| The preview window is a special window to show (preview) another file. It is |
| normally a small window used to show an include file or definition of a |
| function. |
| {not available when compiled without the |+quickfix| feature} |
| |
| There can be only one preview window (per tab page). It is created with one |
| of the commands below. The 'previewheight' option can be set to specify the |
| height of the preview window when it's opened. The 'previewwindow' option is |
| set in the preview window to be able to recognize it. The 'winfixheight' |
| option is set to have it keep the same height when opening/closing other |
| windows. |
| |
| *:pta* *:ptag* |
| :pta[g][!] [tagname] |
| Does ":tag[!] [tagname]" and shows the found tag in a |
| "Preview" window without changing the current buffer or cursor |
| position. If a "Preview" window already exists, it is re-used |
| (like a help window is). If a new one is opened, |
| 'previewheight' is used for the height of the window. See |
| also |:tag|. |
| See below for an example. |CursorHold-example| |
| Small difference from |:tag|: When [tagname] is equal to the |
| already displayed tag, the position in the matching tag list |
| is not reset. This makes the CursorHold example work after a |
| |:ptnext|. |
| |
| CTRL-W z *CTRL-W_z* |
| CTRL-W CTRL-Z *CTRL-W_CTRL-Z* *:pc* *:pclose* |
| :pc[lose][!] Close any "Preview" window currently open. When the 'hidden' |
| option is set, or when the buffer was changed and the [!] is |
| used, the buffer becomes hidden (unless there is another |
| window editing it). The command fails if any "Preview" buffer |
| cannot be closed. See also |:close|. |
| |
| *:pp* *:ppop* |
| :[count]pp[op][!] |
| Does ":[count]pop[!]" in the preview window. See |:pop| and |
| |:ptag|. {not in Vi} |
| |
| CTRL-W } *CTRL-W_}* |
| Use identifier under cursor as a tag and perform a :ptag on |
| it. Make the new Preview window (if required) N high. If N is |
| not given, 'previewheight' is used. |
| |
| CTRL-W g } *CTRL-W_g}* |
| Use identifier under cursor as a tag and perform a :ptjump on |
| it. Make the new Preview window (if required) N high. If N is |
| not given, 'previewheight' is used. |
| |
| *:ped* *:pedit* |
| :ped[it][!] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} |
| Edit {file} in the preview window. The preview window is |
| opened like with |:ptag|. The current window and cursor |
| position isn't changed. Useful example: > |
| :pedit +/fputc /usr/include/stdio.h |
| < |
| *:ps* *:psearch* |
| :[range]ps[earch][!] [count] [/]pattern[/] |
| Works like |:ijump| but shows the found match in the preview |
| window. The preview window is opened like with |:ptag|. The |
| current window and cursor position isn't changed. Useful |
| example: > |
| :psearch popen |
| < Like with the |:ptag| command, you can use this to |
| automatically show information about the word under the |
| cursor. This is less clever than using |:ptag|, but you don't |
| need a tags file and it will also find matches in system |
| include files. Example: > |
| :au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested exe "silent! psearch " . expand("<cword>") |
| < Warning: This can be slow. |
| |
| Example *CursorHold-example* > |
| |
| :au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested exe "silent! ptag " . expand("<cword>") |
| |
| This will cause a ":ptag" to be executed for the keyword under the cursor, |
| when the cursor hasn't moved for the time set with 'updatetime'. The "nested" |
| makes other autocommands be executed, so that syntax highlighting works in the |
| preview window. The "silent!" avoids an error message when the tag could not |
| be found. Also see |CursorHold|. To disable this again: > |
| |
| :au! CursorHold |
| |
| A nice addition is to highlight the found tag, avoid the ":ptag" when there |
| is no word under the cursor, and a few other things: > |
| |
| :au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested call PreviewWord() |
| :func PreviewWord() |
| : if &previewwindow " don't do this in the preview window |
| : return |
| : endif |
| : let w = expand("<cword>") " get the word under cursor |
| : if w =~ '\a' " if the word contains a letter |
| : |
| : " Delete any existing highlight before showing another tag |
| : silent! wincmd P " jump to preview window |
| : if &previewwindow " if we really get there... |
| : match none " delete existing highlight |
| : wincmd p " back to old window |
| : endif |
| : |
| : " Try displaying a matching tag for the word under the cursor |
| : try |
| : exe "ptag " . w |
| : catch |
| : return |
| : endtry |
| : |
| : silent! wincmd P " jump to preview window |
| : if &previewwindow " if we really get there... |
| : if has("folding") |
| : silent! .foldopen " don't want a closed fold |
| : endif |
| : call search("$", "b") " to end of previous line |
| : let w = substitute(w, '\\', '\\\\', "") |
| : call search('\<\V' . w . '\>') " position cursor on match |
| : " Add a match highlight to the word at this position |
| : hi previewWord term=bold ctermbg=green guibg=green |
| : exe 'match previewWord "\%' . line(".") . 'l\%' . col(".") . 'c\k*"' |
| : wincmd p " back to old window |
| : endif |
| : endif |
| :endfun |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 11. Using hidden buffers *buffer-hidden* |
| |
| A hidden buffer is not displayed in a window, but is still loaded into memory. |
| This makes it possible to jump from file to file, without the need to read or |
| write the file every time you get another buffer in a window. |
| {not available when compiled without the |+listcmds| feature} |
| |
| *:buffer-!* |
| If the option 'hidden' ('hid') is set, abandoned buffers are kept for all |
| commands that start editing another file: ":edit", ":next", ":tag", etc. The |
| commands that move through the buffer list sometimes make the current buffer |
| hidden although the 'hidden' option is not set. This happens when a buffer is |
| modified, but is forced (with '!') to be removed from a window, and |
| 'autowrite' is off or the buffer can't be written. |
| |
| You can make a hidden buffer not hidden by starting to edit it with any |
| command. Or by deleting it with the ":bdelete" command. |
| |
| The 'hidden' is global, it is used for all buffers. The 'bufhidden' option |
| can be used to make an exception for a specific buffer. It can take these |
| values: |
| <empty> Use the value of 'hidden'. |
| hide Hide this buffer, also when 'hidden' is not set. |
| unload Don't hide but unload this buffer, also when 'hidden' |
| is set. |
| delete Delete the buffer. |
| |
| *hidden-quit* |
| When you try to quit Vim while there is a hidden, modified buffer, you will |
| get an error message and Vim will make that buffer the current buffer. You |
| can then decide to write this buffer (":wq") or quit without writing (":q!"). |
| Be careful: there may be more hidden, modified buffers! |
| |
| A buffer can also be unlisted. This means it exists, but it is not in the |
| list of buffers. |unlisted-buffer| |
| |
| |
| :files[!] *:files* |
| :buffers[!] *:buffers* *:ls* |
| :ls[!] Show all buffers. Example: |
| |
| 1 #h "/test/text" line 1 ~ |
| 2u "asdf" line 0 ~ |
| 3 %a + "version.c" line 1 ~ |
| |
| When the [!] is included the list will show unlisted buffers |
| (the term "unlisted" is a bit confusing then...). |
| |
| Each buffer has a unique number. That number will not change, |
| so you can always go to a specific buffer with ":buffer N" or |
| "N CTRL-^", where N is the buffer number. |
| |
| Indicators (chars in the same column are mutually exclusive): |
| u an unlisted buffer (only displayed when [!] is used) |
| |unlisted-buffer| |
| % the buffer in the current window |
| # the alternate buffer for ":e #" and CTRL-^ |
| a an active buffer: it is loaded and visible |
| h a hidden buffer: It is loaded, but currently not |
| displayed in a window |hidden-buffer| |
| - a buffer with 'modifiable' off |
| = a readonly buffer |
| + a modified buffer |
| x a buffer with read errors |
| |
| *:bad* *:badd* |
| :bad[d] [+lnum] {fname} |
| Add file name {fname} to the buffer list, without loading it. |
| If "lnum" is specified, the cursor will be positioned at that |
| line when the buffer is first entered. Note that other |
| commands after the + will be ignored. |
| |
| :[N]bd[elete][!] *:bd* *:bdel* *:bdelete* *E516* |
| :bd[elete][!] [N] |
| Unload buffer [N] (default: current buffer) and delete it from |
| the buffer list. If the buffer was changed, this fails, |
| unless when [!] is specified, in which case changes are lost. |
| The file remains unaffected. Any windows for this buffer are |
| closed. If buffer [N] is the current buffer, another buffer |
| will be displayed instead. This is the most recent entry in |
| the jump list that points into a loaded buffer. |
| Actually, the buffer isn't completely deleted, it is removed |
| from the buffer list |unlisted-buffer| and option values, |
| variables and mappings/abbreviations for the buffer are |
| cleared. |
| |
| :bdelete[!] {bufname} *E93* *E94* |
| Like ":bdelete[!] [N]", but buffer given by name. Note that a |
| buffer whose name is a number cannot be referenced by that |
| name; use the buffer number instead. Insert a backslash |
| before a space in a buffer name. |
| |
| :bdelete[!] N1 N2 ... |
| Do ":bdelete[!]" for buffer N1, N2, etc. The arguments can be |
| buffer numbers or buffer names (but not buffer names that are |
| a number). Insert a backslash before a space in a buffer |
| name. |
| |
| :N,Mbdelete[!] Do ":bdelete[!]" for all buffers in the range N to M |
| |inclusive|. |
| |
| :[N]bw[ipeout][!] *:bw* *:bwipe* *:bwipeout* *E517* |
| :bw[ipeout][!] {bufname} |
| :N,Mbw[ipeout][!] |
| :bw[ipeout][!] N1 N2 ... |
| Like |:bdelete|, but really delete the buffer. Everything |
| related to the buffer is lost. All marks in this buffer |
| become invalid, option settings are lost, etc. Don't use this |
| unless you know what you are doing. |
| |
| :[N]bun[load][!] *:bun* *:bunload* *E515* |
| :bun[load][!] [N] |
| Unload buffer [N] (default: current buffer). The memory |
| allocated for this buffer will be freed. The buffer remains |
| in the buffer list. |
| If the buffer was changed, this fails, unless when [!] is |
| specified, in which case the changes are lost. |
| Any windows for this buffer are closed. If buffer [N] is the |
| current buffer, another buffer will be displayed instead. |
| This is the most recent entry in the jump list that points |
| into a loaded buffer. |
| |
| :bunload[!] {bufname} |
| Like ":bunload[!] [N]", but buffer given by name. Note that a |
| buffer whose name is a number cannot be referenced by that |
| name; use the buffer number instead. Insert a backslash |
| before a space in a buffer name. |
| |
| :N,Mbunload[!] Do ":bunload[!]" for all buffers in the range N to M |
| |inclusive|. |
| |
| :bunload[!] N1 N2 ... |
| Do ":bunload[!]" for buffer N1, N2, etc. The arguments can be |
| buffer numbers or buffer names (but not buffer names that are |
| a number). Insert a backslash before a space in a buffer |
| name. |
| |
| :[N]b[uffer][!] [N] *:b* *:bu* *:buf* *:buffer* *E86* |
| Edit buffer [N] from the buffer list. If [N] is not given, |
| the current buffer remains being edited. See |:buffer-!| for |
| [!]. This will also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer |
| list, without setting the 'buflisted' flag. |
| |
| :[N]b[uffer][!] {bufname} |
| Edit buffer for {bufname} from the buffer list. See |
| |:buffer-!| for [!]. This will also edit a buffer that is not |
| in the buffer list, without setting the 'buflisted' flag. |
| |
| :[N]sb[uffer] [N] *:sb* *:sbuffer* |
| Split window and edit buffer [N] from the buffer list. If [N] |
| is not given, the current buffer is edited. Respects the |
| "useopen" setting of 'switchbuf' when splitting. This will |
| also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer list, without |
| setting the 'buflisted' flag. |
| |
| :[N]sb[uffer] {bufname} |
| Split window and edit buffer for {bufname} from the buffer |
| list. This will also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer |
| list, without setting the 'buflisted' flag. |
| Note: If what you want to do is split the buffer, make a copy |
| under another name, you can do it this way: > |
| :w foobar | sp # |
| |
| :[N]bn[ext][!] [N] *:bn* *:bnext* *E87* |
| Go to [N]th next buffer in buffer list. [N] defaults to one. |
| Wraps around the end of the buffer list. |
| See |:buffer-!| for [!]. |
| If you are in a help buffer, this takes you to the next help |
| buffer (if there is one). Similarly, if you are in a normal |
| (non-help) buffer, this takes you to the next normal buffer. |
| This is so that if you have invoked help, it doesn't get in |
| the way when you're browsing code/text buffers. The next three |
| commands also work like this. |
| |
| *:sbn* *:sbnext* |
| :[N]sbn[ext] [N] |
| Split window and go to [N]th next buffer in buffer list. |
| Wraps around the end of the buffer list. Uses 'switchbuf' |
| |
| :[N]bN[ext][!] [N] *:bN* *:bNext* *:bp* *:bprevious* *E88* |
| :[N]bp[revious][!] [N] |
| Go to [N]th previous buffer in buffer list. [N] defaults to |
| one. Wraps around the start of the buffer list. |
| See |:buffer-!| for [!] and 'switchbuf'. |
| |
| :[N]sbN[ext] [N] *:sbN* *:sbNext* *:sbp* *:sbprevious* |
| :[N]sbp[revious] [N] |
| Split window and go to [N]th previous buffer in buffer list. |
| Wraps around the start of the buffer list. |
| Uses 'switchbuf'. |
| |
| *:br* *:brewind* |
| :br[ewind][!] Go to first buffer in buffer list. If the buffer list is |
| empty, go to the first unlisted buffer. |
| See |:buffer-!| for [!]. |
| |
| *:bf* *:bfirst* |
| :bf[irst] Same as ":brewind". |
| |
| *:sbr* *:sbrewind* |
| :sbr[ewind] Split window and go to first buffer in buffer list. If the |
| buffer list is empty, go to the first unlisted buffer. |
| Respects the 'switchbuf' option. |
| |
| *:sbf* *:sbfirst* |
| :sbf[irst] Same as ":sbrewind". |
| |
| *:bl* *:blast* |
| :bl[ast][!] Go to last buffer in buffer list. If the buffer list is |
| empty, go to the last unlisted buffer. |
| See |:buffer-!| for [!]. |
| |
| *:sbl* *:sblast* |
| :sbl[ast] Split window and go to last buffer in buffer list. If the |
| buffer list is empty, go to the last unlisted buffer. |
| Respects 'switchbuf' option. |
| |
| :[N]bm[odified][!] [N] *:bm* *:bmodified* *E84* |
| Go to [N]th next modified buffer. Note: this command also |
| finds unlisted buffers. If there is no modified buffer the |
| command fails. |
| |
| :[N]sbm[odified] [N] *:sbm* *:sbmodified* |
| Split window and go to [N]th next modified buffer. |
| Respects 'switchbuf' option. |
| Note: this command also finds buffers not in the buffer list. |
| |
| :[N]unh[ide] [N] *:unh* *:unhide* *:sun* *:sunhide* |
| :[N]sun[hide] [N] |
| Rearrange the screen to open one window for each loaded buffer |
| in the buffer list. When a count is given, this is the |
| maximum number of windows to open. |
| |
| :[N]ba[ll] [N] *:ba* *:ball* *:sba* *:sball* |
| :[N]sba[ll] [N] Rearrange the screen to open one window for each buffer in |
| the buffer list. When a count is given, this is the maximum |
| number of windows to open. 'winheight' also limits the number |
| of windows opened ('winwidth' if |:vertical| was prepended). |
| Buf/Win Enter/Leave autocommands are not executed for the new |
| windows here, that's only done when they are really entered. |
| When the |:tab| modifier is used new windows are opened in a |
| new tab, up to 'tabpagemax'. |
| |
| Note: All the commands above that start editing another buffer, keep the |
| 'readonly' flag as it was. This differs from the ":edit" command, which sets |
| the 'readonly' flag each time the file is read. |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 12. Special kinds of buffers *special-buffers* |
| |
| Instead of containing the text of a file, buffers can also be used for other |
| purposes. A few options can be set to change the behavior of a buffer: |
| 'bufhidden' what happens when the buffer is no longer displayed |
| in a window. |
| 'buftype' what kind of a buffer this is |
| 'swapfile' whether the buffer will have a swap file |
| 'buflisted' buffer shows up in the buffer list |
| |
| A few useful kinds of a buffer: |
| |
| quickfix Used to contain the error list or the location list. See |
| |:cwindow| and |:lwindow|. This command sets the 'buftype' |
| option to "quickfix". You are not supposed to change this! |
| 'swapfile' is off. |
| |
| help Contains a help file. Will only be created with the |:help| |
| command. The flag that indicates a help buffer is internal |
| and can't be changed. The 'buflisted' option will be reset |
| for a help buffer. |
| |
| directory Displays directory contents. Can be used by a file explorer |
| plugin. The buffer is created with these settings: > |
| :setlocal buftype=nowrite |
| :setlocal bufhidden=delete |
| :setlocal noswapfile |
| < The buffer name is the name of the directory and is adjusted |
| when using the |:cd| command. |
| |
| scratch Contains text that can be discarded at any time. It is kept |
| when closing the window, it must be deleted explicitly. |
| Settings: > |
| :setlocal buftype=nofile |
| :setlocal bufhidden=hide |
| :setlocal noswapfile |
| < The buffer name can be used to identify the buffer, if you |
| give it a meaningful name. |
| |
| *unlisted-buffer* |
| unlisted The buffer is not in the buffer list. It is not used for |
| normal editing, but to show a help file, remember a file name |
| or marks. The ":bdelete" command will also set this option, |
| thus it doesn't completely delete the buffer. Settings: > |
| :setlocal nobuflisted |
| < |
| |
| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |