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 </pre><pre class="rust"><code><span class="comment">// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.</span>
 <span class="comment">// Copyright 2013-2017 The Rust Project Developers.</span>
 <span class="comment">//</span>
 <span class="comment">// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 &lt;LICENSE-APACHE or</span>
 <span class="comment">// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0&gt; or the MIT license</span>
 <span class="comment">// &lt;LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT&gt;, at your</span>
 <span class="comment">// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed</span>
 <span class="comment">// except according to those terms.</span>

 <span class="doccomment">//! [`Rng`] trait</span>

 <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">rand_core</span>::{<span class="ident">Error</span>, <span class="ident">RngCore</span>};
 <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident"><span class="kw">crate</span>::distributions::uniform</span>::{<span class="ident">SampleRange</span>, <span class="ident">SampleUniform</span>};
 <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident"><span class="kw">crate</span>::distributions</span>::{<span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">Distribution</span>, <span class="ident">Standard</span>};
 <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core::num::Wrapping</span>;
 <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::{<span class="ident">mem</span>, <span class="ident">slice</span>};

 <span class="doccomment">/// An automatically-implemented extension trait on [`RngCore`] providing high-level</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// generic methods for sampling values and other convenience methods.</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// This is the primary trait to use when generating random values.</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// # Generic usage</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// The basic pattern is `fn foo&lt;R: Rng + ?Sized&gt;(rng: &amp;mut R)`. Some</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// things are worth noting here:</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// - Since `Rng: RngCore` and every `RngCore` implements `Rng`, it makes no</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///   difference whether we use `R: Rng` or `R: RngCore`.</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// - The `+ ?Sized` un-bounding allows functions to be called directly on</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///   type-erased references; i.e. `foo(r)` where `r: &amp;mut dyn RngCore`. Without</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///   this it would be necessary to write `foo(&amp;mut r)`.</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// An alternative pattern is possible: `fn foo&lt;R: Rng&gt;(rng: R)`. This has some</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// trade-offs. It allows the argument to be consumed directly without a `&amp;mut`</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// (which is how `from_rng(thread_rng())` works); also it still works directly</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// on references (including type-erased references). Unfortunately within the</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// function `foo` it is not known whether `rng` is a reference type or not,</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// hence many uses of `rng` require an extra reference, either explicitly</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// (`distr.sample(&amp;mut rng)`) or implicitly (`rng.gen()`); one may hope the</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// optimiser can remove redundant references later.</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// Example:</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// # use rand::thread_rng;</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// use rand::Rng;</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// fn foo&lt;R: Rng + ?Sized&gt;(rng: &amp;mut R) -&gt; f32 {</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///     rng.gen()</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// # let v = foo(&amp;mut thread_rng());</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
 <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">trait</span> <span class="ident">Rng</span>: <span class="ident">RngCore</span> {
     <span class="doccomment">/// Return a random value supporting the [`Standard`] distribution.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # Example</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let mut rng = thread_rng();</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let x: u32 = rng.gen();</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// println!(&quot;{}&quot;, x);</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// println!(&quot;{:?}&quot;, rng.gen::&lt;(f64, bool)&gt;());</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # Arrays and tuples</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// The `rng.gen()` method is able to generate arrays (up to 32 elements)</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// and tuples (up to 12 elements), so long as all element types can be</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// generated.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// When using `rustc` ≥ 1.51, enable the `min_const_gen` feature to support</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// arrays larger than 32 elements.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// For arrays of integers, especially for those with small element types</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// (&lt; 64 bit), it will likely be faster to instead use [`Rng::fill`].</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let mut rng = thread_rng();</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let tuple: (u8, i32, char) = rng.gen(); // arbitrary tuple support</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let arr1: [f32; 32] = rng.gen();        // array construction</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let mut arr2 = [0u8; 128];</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// rng.fill(&amp;mut arr2);                    // array fill</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// [`Standard`]: distributions::Standard</span>
     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">gen</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">T</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="ident">T</span>
     <span class="kw">where</span> <span class="ident">Standard</span>: <span class="ident">Distribution</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">T</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
         <span class="ident">Standard</span>.<span class="ident">sample</span>(<span class="self">self</span>)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Generate a random value in the given range.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// This function is optimised for the case that only a single sample is</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// made from the given range. See also the [`Uniform`] distribution</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// type which may be faster if sampling from the same range repeatedly.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// Only `gen_range(low..high)` and `gen_range(low..=high)` are supported.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # Panics</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// Panics if the range is empty.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # Example</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let mut rng = thread_rng();</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// // Exclusive range</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let n: u32 = rng.gen_range(0..10);</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// println!(&quot;{}&quot;, n);</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let m: f64 = rng.gen_range(-40.0..1.3e5);</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// println!(&quot;{}&quot;, m);</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// // Inclusive range</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let n: u32 = rng.gen_range(0..=10);</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// println!(&quot;{}&quot;, n);</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// [`Uniform`]: distributions::uniform::Uniform</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">gen_range</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">T</span>, <span class="ident">R</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">range</span>: <span class="ident">R</span>) -&gt; <span class="ident">T</span>
     <span class="kw">where</span>
         <span class="ident">T</span>: <span class="ident">SampleUniform</span>,
         <span class="ident">R</span>: <span class="ident">SampleRange</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">T</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>
     {
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(<span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">range</span>.<span class="ident">is_empty</span>(), <span class="string">&quot;cannot sample empty range&quot;</span>);
         <span class="ident">range</span>.<span class="ident">sample_single</span>(<span class="self">self</span>)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sample a new value, using the given distribution.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ### Example</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// use rand::distributions::Uniform;</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let mut rng = thread_rng();</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let x = rng.sample(Uniform::new(10u32, 15));</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// // Type annotation requires two types, the type and distribution; the</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// // distribution can be inferred.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let y = rng.sample::&lt;u16, _&gt;(Uniform::new(10, 15));</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">sample</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">T</span>, <span class="ident">D</span>: <span class="ident">Distribution</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">T</span><span class="op">&gt;</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">distr</span>: <span class="ident">D</span>) -&gt; <span class="ident">T</span> {
         <span class="ident">distr</span>.<span class="ident">sample</span>(<span class="self">self</span>)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Create an iterator that generates values using the given distribution.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// Note that this function takes its arguments by value. This works since</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// `(&amp;mut R): Rng where R: Rng` and</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// `(&amp;D): Distribution where D: Distribution`,</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// however borrowing is not automatic hence `rng.sample_iter(...)` may</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// need to be replaced with `(&amp;mut rng).sample_iter(...)`.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # Example</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// use rand::distributions::{Alphanumeric, Uniform, Standard};</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let mut rng = thread_rng();</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// // Vec of 16 x f32:</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let v: Vec&lt;f32&gt; = (&amp;mut rng).sample_iter(Standard).take(16).collect();</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// // String:</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let s: String = (&amp;mut rng).sample_iter(Alphanumeric)</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///     .take(7)</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///     .map(char::from)</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///     .collect();</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// // Combined values</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// println!(&quot;{:?}&quot;, (&amp;mut rng).sample_iter(Standard).take(5)</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///                              .collect::&lt;Vec&lt;(f64, bool)&gt;&gt;());</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// // Dice-rolling:</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let die_range = Uniform::new_inclusive(1, 6);</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let mut roll_die = (&amp;mut rng).sample_iter(die_range);</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// while roll_die.next().unwrap() != 6 {</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///     println!(&quot;Not a 6; rolling again!&quot;);</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">sample_iter</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">T</span>, <span class="ident">D</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">distr</span>: <span class="ident">D</span>) -&gt; <span class="ident">distributions::DistIter</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">D</span>, <span class="self">Self</span>, <span class="ident">T</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>
     <span class="kw">where</span>
         <span class="ident">D</span>: <span class="ident">Distribution</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">T</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>,
         <span class="self">Self</span>: <span class="ident">Sized</span>,
     {
         <span class="ident">distr</span>.<span class="ident">sample_iter</span>(<span class="self">self</span>)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Fill any type implementing [`Fill`] with random data</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// The distribution is expected to be uniform with portable results, but</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// this cannot be guaranteed for third-party implementations.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// This is identical to [`try_fill`] except that it panics on error.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # Example</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let mut arr = [0i8; 20];</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// thread_rng().fill(&amp;mut arr[..]);</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// [`fill_bytes`]: RngCore::fill_bytes</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// [`try_fill`]: Rng::try_fill</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fill</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">T</span>: <span class="ident">Fill</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="question-mark">?</span><span class="ident">Sized</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">dest</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">T</span>) {
         <span class="ident">dest</span>.<span class="ident">try_fill</span>(<span class="self">self</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap_or_else</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="kw">_</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="macro">panic!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Rng::fill failed&quot;</span>))
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Fill any type implementing [`Fill`] with random data</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// The distribution is expected to be uniform with portable results, but</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// this cannot be guaranteed for third-party implementations.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// This is identical to [`fill`] except that it forwards errors.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # Example</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # use rand::Error;</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # fn try_inner() -&gt; Result&lt;(), Error&gt; {</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let mut arr = [0u64; 4];</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// thread_rng().try_fill(&amp;mut arr[..])?;</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # Ok(())</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # }</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # try_inner().unwrap()</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// [`try_fill_bytes`]: RngCore::try_fill_bytes</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// [`fill`]: Rng::fill</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">try_fill</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">T</span>: <span class="ident">Fill</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="question-mark">?</span><span class="ident">Sized</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">dest</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">T</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>(), <span class="ident">Error</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
         <span class="ident">dest</span>.<span class="ident">try_fill</span>(<span class="self">self</span>)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Return a bool with a probability `p` of being true.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// See also the [`Bernoulli`] distribution, which may be faster if</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// sampling from the same probability repeatedly.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # Example</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let mut rng = thread_rng();</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// println!(&quot;{}&quot;, rng.gen_bool(1.0 / 3.0));</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # Panics</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// If `p &lt; 0` or `p &gt; 1`.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// [`Bernoulli`]: distributions::Bernoulli</span>
     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">gen_bool</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">p</span>: <span class="ident">f64</span>) -&gt; <span class="ident">bool</span> {
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">d</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">distributions::Bernoulli::new</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
         <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">sample</span>(<span class="ident">d</span>)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Return a bool with a probability of `numerator/denominator` of being</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// true. I.e. `gen_ratio(2, 3)` has chance of 2 in 3, or about 67%, of</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// returning true. If `numerator == denominator`, then the returned value</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// is guaranteed to be `true`. If `numerator == 0`, then the returned</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// value is guaranteed to be `false`.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// See also the [`Bernoulli`] distribution, which may be faster if</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// sampling from the same `numerator` and `denominator` repeatedly.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # Panics</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// If `denominator == 0` or `numerator &gt; denominator`.</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// # Example</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// let mut rng = thread_rng();</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// println!(&quot;{}&quot;, rng.gen_ratio(2, 3));</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
     <span class="doccomment">///</span>
     <span class="doccomment">/// [`Bernoulli`]: distributions::Bernoulli</span>
     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">gen_ratio</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">numerator</span>: <span class="ident">u32</span>, <span class="ident">denominator</span>: <span class="ident">u32</span>) -&gt; <span class="ident">bool</span> {
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">d</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">distributions::Bernoulli::from_ratio</span>(<span class="ident">numerator</span>, <span class="ident">denominator</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
         <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">sample</span>(<span class="ident">d</span>)
     }
 }

 <span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">R</span>: <span class="ident">RngCore</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="question-mark">?</span><span class="ident">Sized</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Rng</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">R</span> {}

 <span class="doccomment">/// Types which may be filled with random data</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// This trait allows arrays to be efficiently filled with random data.</span>
 <span class="doccomment">///</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// Implementations are expected to be portable across machines unless</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// clearly documented otherwise (see the</span>
 <span class="doccomment">/// [Chapter on Portability](https://rust-random.github.io/book/portability.html)).</span>
 <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">trait</span> <span class="ident">Fill</span> {
     <span class="doccomment">/// Fill self with random data</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">try_fill</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">R</span>: <span class="ident">Rng</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="question-mark">?</span><span class="ident">Sized</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">rng</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">R</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>(), <span class="ident">Error</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>;
 }

 <span class="macro">macro_rules!</span> <span class="ident">impl_fill_each</span> {
     () =&gt; {};
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">t</span>:<span class="ident">ty</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Fill</span> <span class="kw">for</span> [<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">t</span>] {
             <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">try_fill</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">R</span>: <span class="ident">Rng</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="question-mark">?</span><span class="ident">Sized</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">rng</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">R</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>(), <span class="ident">Error</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
                 <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">elt</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">iter_mut</span>() {
                     <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">elt</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">gen</span>();
                 }
                 <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
             }
         }
     };
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">t</span>:<span class="ident">ty</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">tt</span>:<span class="ident">ty</span>,)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">impl_fill_each!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">t</span>);
         <span class="macro">impl_fill_each!</span>($(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">tt</span>,)<span class="kw-2">*</span>);
     };
 }

 <span class="macro">impl_fill_each!</span>(<span class="ident">bool</span>, <span class="ident">char</span>, <span class="ident">f32</span>, <span class="ident">f64</span>,);

 <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Fill</span> <span class="kw">for</span> [<span class="ident">u8</span>] {
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">try_fill</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">R</span>: <span class="ident">Rng</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="question-mark">?</span><span class="ident">Sized</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">rng</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">R</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>(), <span class="ident">Error</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
         <span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">try_fill_bytes</span>(<span class="self">self</span>)
     }
 }

 <span class="macro">macro_rules!</span> <span class="ident">impl_fill</span> {
     () =&gt; {};
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">t</span>:<span class="ident">ty</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Fill</span> <span class="kw">for</span> [<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">t</span>] {
             <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>(<span class="ident">never</span>)]</span> <span class="comment">// in micro benchmarks, this improves performance</span>
             <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">try_fill</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">R</span>: <span class="ident">Rng</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="question-mark">?</span><span class="ident">Sized</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">rng</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">R</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>(), <span class="ident">Error</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
                 <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="number">0</span> {
                     <span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">try_fill_bytes</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
                         <span class="ident">slice::from_raw_parts_mut</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">as_mut_ptr</span>()
                             <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*mut</span> <span class="ident">u8</span>,
                             <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="op">*</span> <span class="ident">mem::size_of</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">t</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>()
                         )
                     })<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
                     <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">x</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="self">self</span> {
                         <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">x</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">x</span>.<span class="ident">to_le</span>();
                     }
                 }
                 <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
             }
         }

         <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Fill</span> <span class="kw">for</span> [<span class="ident">Wrapping</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">t</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>] {
             <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>(<span class="ident">never</span>)]</span>
             <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">try_fill</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">R</span>: <span class="ident">Rng</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="question-mark">?</span><span class="ident">Sized</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">rng</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">R</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>(), <span class="ident">Error</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
                 <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="number">0</span> {
                     <span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">try_fill_bytes</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
                         <span class="ident">slice::from_raw_parts_mut</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">as_mut_ptr</span>()
                             <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*mut</span> <span class="ident">u8</span>,
                             <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="op">*</span> <span class="ident">mem::size_of</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">t</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>()
                         )
                     })<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
                     <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">x</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="self">self</span> {
                     <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">x</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Wrapping</span>(<span class="ident">x</span>.<span class="number">0</span>.<span class="ident">to_le</span>());
                     }
                 }
                 <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
             }
         }
     };
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">t</span>:<span class="ident">ty</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">tt</span>:<span class="ident">ty</span>,)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">impl_fill!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">t</span>);
         <span class="comment">// TODO: this could replace above impl once Rust #32463 is fixed</span>
         <span class="comment">// impl_fill!(Wrapping&lt;$t&gt;);</span>
         <span class="macro">impl_fill!</span>($(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">tt</span>,)<span class="kw-2">*</span>);
     }
 }

 <span class="macro">impl_fill!</span>(<span class="ident">u16</span>, <span class="ident">u32</span>, <span class="ident">u64</span>, <span class="ident">usize</span>, <span class="ident">u128</span>,);
 <span class="macro">impl_fill!</span>(<span class="ident">i8</span>, <span class="ident">i16</span>, <span class="ident">i32</span>, <span class="ident">i64</span>, <span class="ident">isize</span>, <span class="ident">i128</span>,);

 <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg_attr</span>(<span class="ident">doc_cfg</span>, <span class="ident">doc</span>(<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;min_const_gen&quot;</span>)))]</span>
 <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;min_const_gen&quot;</span>)]</span>
 <span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">T</span>, <span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">N</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Fill</span> <span class="kw">for</span> [<span class="ident">T</span>; <span class="ident">N</span>]
 <span class="kw">where</span> [<span class="ident">T</span>]: <span class="ident">Fill</span>
 {
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">try_fill</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">R</span>: <span class="ident">Rng</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="question-mark">?</span><span class="ident">Sized</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">rng</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">R</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>(), <span class="ident">Error</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
         <span class="self">self</span>[..].<span class="ident">try_fill</span>(<span class="ident">rng</span>)
     }
 }

 <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">not</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;min_const_gen&quot;</span>))]</span>
 <span class="macro">macro_rules!</span> <span class="ident">impl_fill_arrays</span> {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">n</span>:<span class="ident">expr</span>,) =&gt; {};
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">n</span>:<span class="ident">expr</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">N</span>:<span class="ident">ident</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">T</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Fill</span> <span class="kw">for</span> [<span class="ident">T</span>; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">n</span>] <span class="kw">where</span> [<span class="ident">T</span>]: <span class="ident">Fill</span> {
             <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">try_fill</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">R</span>: <span class="ident">Rng</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="question-mark">?</span><span class="ident">Sized</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">rng</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">R</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>(), <span class="ident">Error</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
                 <span class="self">self</span>[..].<span class="ident">try_fill</span>(<span class="ident">rng</span>)
             }
         }
     };
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">n</span>:<span class="ident">expr</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">N</span>:<span class="ident">ident</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">NN</span>:<span class="ident">ident</span>,)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">impl_fill_arrays!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">n</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">N</span>);
         <span class="macro">impl_fill_arrays!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">n</span> <span class="op">-</span> <span class="number">1</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">NN</span>,)<span class="kw-2">*</span>);
     };
     (<span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">div</span> <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">n</span>:<span class="ident">expr</span>,) =&gt; {};
     (<span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">div</span> <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">n</span>:<span class="ident">expr</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">N</span>:<span class="ident">ident</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">NN</span>:<span class="ident">ident</span>,)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">impl_fill_arrays!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">n</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">N</span>);
         <span class="macro">impl_fill_arrays!</span>(<span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">div</span> <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">n</span> <span class="op">/</span> <span class="number">2</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">NN</span>,)<span class="kw-2">*</span>);
     };
 }
 <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">not</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;min_const_gen&quot;</span>))]</span>
 <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">rustfmt::skip</span>]</span>
 <span class="macro">impl_fill_arrays!</span>(<span class="number">32</span>, <span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,);
 <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">not</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;min_const_gen&quot;</span>))]</span>
 <span class="macro">impl_fill_arrays!</span>(<span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">div</span> <span class="number">4096</span>, <span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,<span class="ident">N</span>,);

 <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">test</span>)]</span>
 <span class="kw">mod</span> <span class="ident">test</span> {
     <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">super</span>::<span class="kw-2">*</span>;
     <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident"><span class="kw">crate</span>::test::rng</span>;
     <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident"><span class="kw">crate</span>::rngs::mock::StepRng</span>;
     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;alloc&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">alloc::boxed::Box</span>;

     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">test_fill_bytes_default</span>() {
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">StepRng::new</span>(<span class="number">0x11_22_33_44_55_66_77_88</span>, <span class="number">0</span>);

         <span class="comment">// check every remainder mod 8, both in small and big vectors.</span>
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">lengths</span> <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">7</span>, <span class="number">80</span>, <span class="number">81</span>, <span class="number">82</span>, <span class="number">83</span>, <span class="number">84</span>, <span class="number">85</span>, <span class="number">86</span>, <span class="number">87</span>];
         <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">n</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="ident">lengths</span>.<span class="ident">iter</span>() {
             <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">buffer</span> <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="number">0u8</span>; <span class="number">87</span>];
             <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">buffer</span>[<span class="number">0</span>..<span class="ident">n</span>];
             <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">fill_bytes</span>(<span class="ident">v</span>);

             <span class="comment">// use this to get nicer error messages.</span>
             <span class="kw">for</span> (<span class="ident">i</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">byte</span>) <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="ident">v</span>.<span class="ident">iter</span>().<span class="ident">enumerate</span>() {
                 <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">byte</span> <span class="op">==</span> <span class="number">0</span> {
                     <span class="macro">panic!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;byte {} of {} is zero&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">i</span>, <span class="ident">n</span>)
                 }
             }
         }
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">test_fill</span>() {
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">x</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">9041086907909331047</span>; <span class="comment">// a random u64</span>
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">rng</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">StepRng::new</span>(<span class="ident">x</span>, <span class="number">0</span>);

         <span class="comment">// Convert to byte sequence and back to u64; byte-swap twice if BE.</span>
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">array</span> <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="number">0u64</span>; <span class="number">2</span>];
         <span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">fill</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">array</span>[..]);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">array</span>, [<span class="ident">x</span>, <span class="ident">x</span>]);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">next_u64</span>(), <span class="ident">x</span>);

         <span class="comment">// Convert to bytes then u32 in LE order</span>
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">array</span> <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="number">0u32</span>; <span class="number">2</span>];
         <span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">fill</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">array</span>[..]);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">array</span>, [<span class="ident">x</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">u32</span>, (<span class="ident">x</span> <span class="op">&gt;</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="number">32</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">u32</span>]);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">next_u32</span>(), <span class="ident">x</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">u32</span>);

         <span class="comment">// Check equivalence using wrapped arrays</span>
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">warray</span> <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="ident">Wrapping</span>(<span class="number">0u32</span>); <span class="number">2</span>];
         <span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">fill</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">warray</span>[..]);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">array</span>[<span class="number">0</span>], <span class="ident">warray</span>[<span class="number">0</span>].<span class="number">0</span>);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">array</span>[<span class="number">1</span>], <span class="ident">warray</span>[<span class="number">1</span>].<span class="number">0</span>);

         <span class="comment">// Check equivalence for generated floats</span>
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">array</span> <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="number">0f32</span>; <span class="number">2</span>];
         <span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">fill</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">array</span>);
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">gen</span>: [<span class="ident">f32</span>; <span class="number">2</span>] <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">gen</span>();
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">array</span>, <span class="ident">gen</span>);
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">test_fill_empty</span>() {
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">array</span> <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="number">0u32</span>; <span class="number">0</span>];
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">rng</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">StepRng::new</span>(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">1</span>);
         <span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">fill</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">array</span>);
         <span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">fill</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">array</span>[..]);
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">test_gen_range_int</span>() {
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">rng</span>(<span class="number">101</span>);
         <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="kw">_</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="number">0</span>..<span class="number">1000</span> {
             <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">4711</span>..<span class="number">17</span>);
             <span class="macro">assert!</span>((<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">4711</span>..<span class="number">17</span>).<span class="ident">contains</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">a</span>));
             <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span>: <span class="ident">i8</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">3</span>..<span class="number">42</span>);
             <span class="macro">assert!</span>((<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">3</span>..<span class="number">42</span>).<span class="ident">contains</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">a</span>));
             <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span>: <span class="ident">u16</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="number">10</span>..<span class="number">99</span>);
             <span class="macro">assert!</span>((<span class="number">10</span>..<span class="number">99</span>).<span class="ident">contains</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">a</span>));
             <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span>: <span class="ident">i32</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">100</span>..<span class="number">2000</span>);
             <span class="macro">assert!</span>((<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">100</span>..<span class="number">2000</span>).<span class="ident">contains</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">a</span>));
             <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span>: <span class="ident">u32</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="number">12</span>..<span class="op">=</span><span class="number">24</span>);
             <span class="macro">assert!</span>((<span class="number">12</span>..<span class="op">=</span><span class="number">24</span>).<span class="ident">contains</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">a</span>));

             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="number">0u32</span>..<span class="number">1</span>), <span class="number">0u32</span>);
             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">12i64</span>..<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">11</span>), <span class="op">-</span><span class="number">12i64</span>);
             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="number">3_000_000</span>..<span class="number">3_000_001</span>), <span class="number">3_000_000</span>);
         }
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">test_gen_range_float</span>() {
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">rng</span>(<span class="number">101</span>);
         <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="kw">_</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="number">0</span>..<span class="number">1000</span> {
             <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">4.5</span>..<span class="number">1.7</span>);
             <span class="macro">assert!</span>((<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">4.5</span>..<span class="number">1.7</span>).<span class="ident">contains</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">a</span>));
             <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">1.1</span>..<span class="op">=</span><span class="op">-</span><span class="number">0.3</span>);
             <span class="macro">assert!</span>((<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">1.1</span>..<span class="op">=</span><span class="op">-</span><span class="number">0.3</span>).<span class="ident">contains</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">a</span>));

             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="number">0.0f32</span>..<span class="op">=</span><span class="number">0.0</span>), <span class="number">0.</span>);
             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">11.0</span>..<span class="op">=</span><span class="op">-</span><span class="number">11.0</span>), <span class="op">-</span><span class="number">11.</span>);
             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="number">3_000_000.0</span>..<span class="op">=</span><span class="number">3_000_000.0</span>), <span class="number">3_000_000.</span>);
         }
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">should_panic</span>]</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">test_gen_range_panic_int</span>() {
         <span class="attribute">#![<span class="ident">allow</span>(<span class="ident">clippy::reversed_empty_ranges</span>)]</span>
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">rng</span>(<span class="number">102</span>);
         <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="number">5</span>..<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">2</span>);
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">should_panic</span>]</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">test_gen_range_panic_usize</span>() {
         <span class="attribute">#![<span class="ident">allow</span>(<span class="ident">clippy::reversed_empty_ranges</span>)]</span>
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">rng</span>(<span class="number">103</span>);
         <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="number">5</span>..<span class="number">2</span>);
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">test_gen_bool</span>() {
         <span class="attribute">#![<span class="ident">allow</span>(<span class="ident">clippy::bool_assert_comparison</span>)]</span>

         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">rng</span>(<span class="number">105</span>);
         <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="kw">_</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="number">0</span>..<span class="number">5</span> {
             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_bool</span>(<span class="number">0.0</span>), <span class="bool-val">false</span>);
             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_bool</span>(<span class="number">1.0</span>), <span class="bool-val">true</span>);
         }
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">test_rng_trait_object</span>() {
         <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident"><span class="kw">crate</span>::distributions</span>::{<span class="ident">Distribution</span>, <span class="ident">Standard</span>};
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">rng</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">rng</span>(<span class="number">109</span>);
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">rng</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="kw">dyn</span> <span class="ident">RngCore</span>;
         <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">next_u32</span>();
         <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">i32</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>();
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="number">0</span>..<span class="number">1</span>), <span class="number">0</span>);
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">_c</span>: <span class="ident">u8</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Standard</span>.<span class="ident">sample</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span>);
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;alloc&quot;</span>)]</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">test_rng_boxed_trait</span>() {
         <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident"><span class="kw">crate</span>::distributions</span>::{<span class="ident">Distribution</span>, <span class="ident">Standard</span>};
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">rng</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">rng</span>(<span class="number">110</span>);
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Box::new</span>(<span class="ident">rng</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="kw">dyn</span> <span class="ident">RngCore</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>;
         <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">next_u32</span>();
         <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">i32</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>();
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">gen_range</span>(<span class="number">0</span>..<span class="number">1</span>), <span class="number">0</span>);
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">_c</span>: <span class="ident">u8</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Standard</span>.<span class="ident">sample</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span>);
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
     <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg_attr</span>(<span class="ident">miri</span>, <span class="ident">ignore</span>)]</span> <span class="comment">// Miri is too slow</span>
     <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">test_gen_ratio_average</span>() {
         <span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">NUM</span>: <span class="ident">u32</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">3</span>;
         <span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">DENOM</span>: <span class="ident">u32</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">10</span>;
         <span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">N</span>: <span class="ident">u32</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">100_000</span>;

         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">sum</span>: <span class="ident">u32</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">rng</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">rng</span>(<span class="number">111</span>);
         <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="kw">_</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="number">0</span>..<span class="ident">N</span> {
             <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">rng</span>.<span class="ident">gen_ratio</span>(<span class="ident">NUM</span>, <span class="ident">DENOM</span>) {
                 <span class="ident">sum</span> <span class="op">+</span><span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">1</span>;
             }
         }
         <span class="comment">// Have Binomial(N, NUM/DENOM) distribution</span>
         <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">expected</span> <span class="op">=</span> (<span class="ident">NUM</span> <span class="op">*</span> <span class="ident">N</span>) <span class="op">/</span> <span class="ident">DENOM</span>; <span class="comment">// exact integer</span>
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(((<span class="ident">sum</span> <span class="op">-</span> <span class="ident">expected</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">i32</span>).<span class="ident">abs</span>() <span class="op">&lt;</span> <span class="number">500</span>);
     }
 }
 </code></pre></div>
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