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/*
* QEMU Error Objects
*
* Copyright IBM, Corp. 2011
* Copyright (C) 2011-2015 Red Hat, Inc.
*
* Authors:
* Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
* Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
*
* This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2. See
* the COPYING.LIB file in the top-level directory.
*/
/*
* Error reporting system loosely patterned after Glib's GError.
*
* = Rules =
*
* - Functions that use Error to report errors have an Error **errp
* parameter. It should be the last parameter, except for functions
* taking variable arguments.
*
* - You may pass NULL to not receive the error, &error_abort to abort
* on error, &error_fatal to exit(1) on error, or a pointer to a
* variable containing NULL to receive the error.
*
* - Separation of concerns: the function is responsible for detecting
* errors and failing cleanly; handling the error is its caller's
* job. Since the value of @errp is about handling the error, the
* function should not examine it.
*
* - The function may pass @errp to functions it calls to pass on
* their errors to its caller. If it dereferences @errp to check
* for errors, it must use ERRP_GUARD().
*
* - On success, the function should not touch *errp. On failure, it
* should set a new error, e.g. with error_setg(errp, ...), or
* propagate an existing one, e.g. with error_propagate(errp, ...).
*
* - Whenever practical, also return a value that indicates success /
* failure. This can make the error checking more concise, and can
* avoid useless error object creation and destruction. Note that
* we still have many functions returning void. We recommend
* • bool-valued functions return true on success / false on failure,
* • pointer-valued functions return non-null / null pointer, and
* • integer-valued functions return non-negative / negative.
*
* = Creating errors =
*
* Create an error:
* error_setg(errp, "situation normal, all fouled up");
* where @errp points to the location to receive the error.
*
* Create an error and add additional explanation:
* error_setg(errp, "invalid quark");
* error_append_hint(errp, "Valid quarks are up, down, strange, "
* "charm, top, bottom.\n");
* This may require use of ERRP_GUARD(); more on that below.
*
* Do *not* contract this to
* error_setg(errp, "invalid quark\n" // WRONG!
* "Valid quarks are up, down, strange, charm, top, bottom.");
*
* = Reporting and destroying errors =
*
* Report an error to the current monitor if we have one, else stderr:
* error_report_err(err);
* This frees the error object.
*
* Likewise, but with additional text prepended:
* error_reportf_err(err, "Could not frobnicate '%s': ", name);
*
* Report an error somewhere else:
* const char *msg = error_get_pretty(err);
* do with msg what needs to be done...
* error_free(err);
* Note that this loses hints added with error_append_hint().
*
* Call a function ignoring errors:
* foo(arg, NULL);
* This is more concise than
* Error *err = NULL;
* foo(arg, &err);
* error_free(err); // don't do this
*
* Call a function aborting on errors:
* foo(arg, &error_abort);
* This is more concise and fails more nicely than
* Error *err = NULL;
* foo(arg, &err);
* assert(!err); // don't do this
*
* Call a function treating errors as fatal:
* foo(arg, &error_fatal);
* This is more concise than
* Error *err = NULL;
* foo(arg, &err);
* if (err) { // don't do this
* error_report_err(err);
* exit(1);
* }
*
* Handle an error without reporting it (just for completeness):
* error_free(err);
*
* Assert that an expected error occurred, but clean it up without
* reporting it (primarily useful in testsuites):
* error_free_or_abort(&err);
*
* = Passing errors around =
*
* Errors get passed to the caller through the conventional @errp
* parameter.
*
* Create a new error and pass it to the caller:
* error_setg(errp, "situation normal, all fouled up");
*
* Call a function, receive an error from it, and pass it to the caller
* - when the function returns a value that indicates failure, say
* false:
* if (!foo(arg, errp)) {
* handle the error...
* }
* - when it does not, say because it is a void function:
* ERRP_GUARD();
* foo(arg, errp);
* if (*errp) {
* handle the error...
* }
* More on ERRP_GUARD() below.
*
* Code predating ERRP_GUARD() still exists, and looks like this:
* Error *err = NULL;
* foo(arg, &err);
* if (err) {
* handle the error...
* error_propagate(errp, err); // deprecated
* }
* Avoid in new code. Do *not* "optimize" it to
* foo(arg, errp);
* if (*errp) { // WRONG!
* handle the error...
* }
* because errp may be NULL without the ERRP_GUARD() guard.
*
* But when all you do with the error is pass it on, please use
* foo(arg, errp);
* for readability.
*
* Receive an error, and handle it locally
* - when the function returns a value that indicates failure, say
* false:
* Error *err = NULL;
* if (!foo(arg, &err)) {
* handle the error...
* }
* - when it does not, say because it is a void function:
* Error *err = NULL;
* foo(arg, &err);
* if (err) {
* handle the error...
* }
*
* Pass an existing error to the caller:
* error_propagate(errp, err);
* This is rarely needed. When @err is a local variable, use of
* ERRP_GUARD() commonly results in more readable code.
*
* Pass an existing error to the caller with the message modified:
* error_propagate_prepend(errp, err,
* "Could not frobnicate '%s': ", name);
* This is more concise than
* error_propagate(errp, err); // don't do this
* error_prepend(errp, "Could not frobnicate '%s': ", name);
* and works even when @errp is &error_fatal.
*
* Receive and accumulate multiple errors (first one wins):
* Error *err = NULL, *local_err = NULL;
* foo(arg, &err);
* bar(arg, &local_err);
* error_propagate(&err, local_err);
* if (err) {
* handle the error...
* }
*
* Do *not* "optimize" this to
* Error *err = NULL;
* foo(arg, &err);
* bar(arg, &err); // WRONG!
* if (err) {
* handle the error...
* }
* because this may pass a non-null err to bar().
*
* Likewise, do *not*
* Error *err = NULL;
* if (cond1) {
* error_setg(&err, ...);
* }
* if (cond2) {
* error_setg(&err, ...); // WRONG!
* }
* because this may pass a non-null err to error_setg().
*
* = Why, when and how to use ERRP_GUARD() =
*
* Without ERRP_GUARD(), use of the @errp parameter is restricted:
* - It must not be dereferenced, because it may be null.
* - It should not be passed to error_prepend() or
* error_append_hint(), because that doesn't work with &error_fatal.
* ERRP_GUARD() lifts these restrictions.
*
* To use ERRP_GUARD(), add it right at the beginning of the function.
* @errp can then be used without worrying about the argument being
* NULL or &error_fatal.
*
* Using it when it's not needed is safe, but please avoid cluttering
* the source with useless code.
*
* = Converting to ERRP_GUARD() =
*
* To convert a function to use ERRP_GUARD():
*
* 0. If the Error ** parameter is not named @errp, rename it to
* @errp.
*
* 1. Add an ERRP_GUARD() invocation, by convention right at the
* beginning of the function. This makes @errp safe to use.
*
* 2. Replace &err by errp, and err by *errp. Delete local variable
* @err.
*
* 3. Delete error_propagate(errp, *errp), replace
* error_propagate_prepend(errp, *errp, ...) by error_prepend(errp, ...)
*
* 4. Ensure @errp is valid at return: when you destroy *errp, set
* *errp = NULL.
*
* Example:
*
* bool fn(..., Error **errp)
* {
* Error *err = NULL;
*
* foo(arg, &err);
* if (err) {
* handle the error...
* error_propagate(errp, err);
* return false;
* }
* ...
* }
*
* becomes
*
* bool fn(..., Error **errp)
* {
* ERRP_GUARD();
*
* foo(arg, errp);
* if (*errp) {
* handle the error...
* return false;
* }
* ...
* }
*
* For mass-conversion, use scripts/coccinelle/errp-guard.cocci.
*/
#ifndef ERROR_H
#define ERROR_H
#include "qapi/qapi-types-error.h"
/*
* Overall category of an error.
* Based on the qapi type QapiErrorClass, but reproduced here for nicer
* enum names.
*/
typedef enum ErrorClass {
ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR = QAPI_ERROR_CLASS_GENERICERROR,
ERROR_CLASS_COMMAND_NOT_FOUND = QAPI_ERROR_CLASS_COMMANDNOTFOUND,
ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_ACTIVE = QAPI_ERROR_CLASS_DEVICENOTACTIVE,
ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND = QAPI_ERROR_CLASS_DEVICENOTFOUND,
ERROR_CLASS_KVM_MISSING_CAP = QAPI_ERROR_CLASS_KVMMISSINGCAP,
} ErrorClass;
/*
* Get @err's human-readable error message.
*/
const char *error_get_pretty(const Error *err);
/*
* Get @err's error class.
* Note: use of error classes other than ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR is
* strongly discouraged.
*/
ErrorClass error_get_class(const Error *err);
/*
* Create a new error object and assign it to *@errp.
* If @errp is NULL, the error is ignored. Don't bother creating one
* then.
* If @errp is &error_abort, print a suitable message and abort().
* If @errp is &error_fatal, print a suitable message and exit(1).
* If @errp is anything else, *@errp must be NULL.
* The new error's class is ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR, and its
* human-readable error message is made from printf-style @fmt, ...
* The resulting message should be a single phrase, with no newline or
* trailing punctuation.
* Please don't error_setg(&error_fatal, ...), use error_report() and
* exit(), because that's more obvious.
* Likewise, don't error_setg(&error_abort, ...), use assert().
*/
#define error_setg(errp, fmt, ...) \
error_setg_internal((errp), __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, \
(fmt), ## __VA_ARGS__)
void error_setg_internal(Error **errp,
const char *src, int line, const char *func,
const char *fmt, ...)
G_GNUC_PRINTF(5, 6);
/*
* Just like error_setg(), with @os_error info added to the message.
* If @os_error is non-zero, ": " + strerror(os_error) is appended to
* the human-readable error message.
*
* The value of errno (which usually can get clobbered by almost any
* function call) will be preserved.
*/
#define error_setg_errno(errp, os_error, fmt, ...) \
error_setg_errno_internal((errp), __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, \
(os_error), (fmt), ## __VA_ARGS__)
void error_setg_errno_internal(Error **errp,
const char *fname, int line, const char *func,
int os_error, const char *fmt, ...)
G_GNUC_PRINTF(6, 7);
#ifdef _WIN32
/*
* Just like error_setg(), with @win32_error info added to the message.
* If @win32_error is non-zero, ": " + g_win32_error_message(win32_err)
* is appended to the human-readable error message.
*/
#define error_setg_win32(errp, win32_err, fmt, ...) \
error_setg_win32_internal((errp), __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, \
(win32_err), (fmt), ## __VA_ARGS__)
void error_setg_win32_internal(Error **errp,
const char *src, int line, const char *func,
int win32_err, const char *fmt, ...)
G_GNUC_PRINTF(6, 7);
#endif
/*
* Propagate error object (if any) from @local_err to @dst_errp.
* If @local_err is NULL, do nothing (because there's nothing to
* propagate).
* Else, if @dst_errp is NULL, errors are being ignored. Free the
* error object.
* Else, if @dst_errp is &error_abort, print a suitable message and
* abort().
* Else, if @dst_errp is &error_fatal, print a suitable message and
* exit(1).
* Else, if @dst_errp already contains an error, ignore this one: free
* the error object.
* Else, move the error object from @local_err to *@dst_errp.
* On return, @local_err is invalid.
* Please use ERRP_GUARD() instead when possible.
* Please don't error_propagate(&error_fatal, ...), use
* error_report_err() and exit(), because that's more obvious.
*/
void error_propagate(Error **dst_errp, Error *local_err);
/*
* Propagate error object (if any) with some text prepended.
* Behaves like
* error_prepend(&local_err, fmt, ...);
* error_propagate(dst_errp, local_err);
* Please use ERRP_GUARD() and error_prepend() instead when possible.
*/
void error_propagate_prepend(Error **dst_errp, Error *local_err,
const char *fmt, ...)
G_GNUC_PRINTF(3, 4);
/*
* Prepend some text to @errp's human-readable error message.
* The text is made by formatting @fmt, @ap like vprintf().
*/
void error_vprepend(Error *const *errp, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
G_GNUC_PRINTF(2, 0);
/*
* Prepend some text to @errp's human-readable error message.
* The text is made by formatting @fmt, ... like printf().
*/
void error_prepend(Error *const *errp, const char *fmt, ...)
G_GNUC_PRINTF(2, 3);
/*
* Append a printf-style human-readable explanation to an existing error.
* If the error is later reported to a human user with
* error_report_err() or warn_report_err(), the hints will be shown,
* too. If it's reported via QMP, the hints will be ignored.
* Intended use is adding helpful hints on the human user interface,
* e.g. a list of valid values. It's not for clarifying a confusing
* error message.
* @errp may be NULL, but not &error_fatal or &error_abort.
* Trivially the case if you call it only after error_setg() or
* error_propagate().
* May be called multiple times. The resulting hint should end with a
* newline.
*/
void error_append_hint(Error *const *errp, const char *fmt, ...)
G_GNUC_PRINTF(2, 3);
/*
* Convenience function to report open() failure.
*/
#define error_setg_file_open(errp, os_errno, filename) \
error_setg_file_open_internal((errp), __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, \
(os_errno), (filename))
void error_setg_file_open_internal(Error **errp,
const char *src, int line, const char *func,
int os_errno, const char *filename);
/*
* Return an exact copy of @err.
*/
Error *error_copy(const Error *err);
/*
* Free @err.
* @err may be NULL.
*/
void error_free(Error *err);
/*
* Convenience function to assert that *@errp is set, then silently free it.
*/
void error_free_or_abort(Error **errp);
/*
* Convenience function to warn_report() and free @err.
* The report includes hints added with error_append_hint().
*/
void warn_report_err(Error *err);
/*
* Convenience function to error_report() and free @err.
* The report includes hints added with error_append_hint().
*/
void error_report_err(Error *err);
/*
* Convenience function to error_prepend(), warn_report() and free @err.
*/
void warn_reportf_err(Error *err, const char *fmt, ...)
G_GNUC_PRINTF(2, 3);
/*
* Convenience function to error_prepend(), error_report() and free @err.
*/
void error_reportf_err(Error *err, const char *fmt, ...)
G_GNUC_PRINTF(2, 3);
/*
* Just like error_setg(), except you get to specify the error class.
* Note: use of error classes other than ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR is
* strongly discouraged.
*/
#define error_set(errp, err_class, fmt, ...) \
error_set_internal((errp), __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, \
(err_class), (fmt), ## __VA_ARGS__)
void error_set_internal(Error **errp,
const char *src, int line, const char *func,
ErrorClass err_class, const char *fmt, ...)
G_GNUC_PRINTF(6, 7);
/*
* Make @errp parameter easier to use regardless of argument value
*
* This macro is for use right at the beginning of a function that
* takes an Error **errp parameter to pass errors to its caller. The
* parameter must be named @errp.
*
* It must be used when the function dereferences @errp or passes
* @errp to error_prepend(), error_vprepend(), or error_append_hint().
* It is safe to use even when it's not needed, but please avoid
* cluttering the source with useless code.
*
* If @errp is NULL or &error_fatal, rewrite it to point to a local
* Error variable, which will be automatically propagated to the
* original @errp on function exit.
*
* Note: &error_abort is not rewritten, because that would move the
* abort from the place where the error is created to the place where
* it's propagated.
*/
#define ERRP_GUARD() \
g_auto(ErrorPropagator) _auto_errp_prop = {.errp = errp}; \
do { \
if (!errp || errp == &error_fatal) { \
errp = &_auto_errp_prop.local_err; \
} \
} while (0)
typedef struct ErrorPropagator {
Error *local_err;
Error **errp;
} ErrorPropagator;
static inline void error_propagator_cleanup(ErrorPropagator *prop)
{
error_propagate(prop->errp, prop->local_err);
}
G_DEFINE_AUTO_CLEANUP_CLEAR_FUNC(ErrorPropagator, error_propagator_cleanup);
/*
* Special error destination to warn on error.
* See error_setg() and error_propagate() for details.
*/
extern Error *error_warn;
/*
* Special error destination to abort on error.
* See error_setg() and error_propagate() for details.
*/
extern Error *error_abort;
/*
* Special error destination to exit(1) on error.
* See error_setg() and error_propagate() for details.
*/
extern Error *error_fatal;
#endif