jclhuff.c

/*
 * jclhuff.c
 *
 * This file was part of the Independent JPEG Group's software:
 * Copyright (C) 1991-1997, Thomas G. Lane.
 * Lossless JPEG Modifications:
 * Copyright (C) 1999, Ken Murchison.
 * Copyright (C) 2022, D. R. Commander.
 * For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README file.
 *
 * This file contains Huffman entropy encoding routines for lossless JPEG.
 *
 * Much of the complexity here has to do with supporting output suspension.
 * If the data destination module demands suspension, we want to be able to
 * back up to the start of the current MCU.  To do this, we copy state
 * variables into local working storage, and update them back to the
 * permanent JPEG objects only upon successful completion of an MCU.
 */

#define JPEG_INTERNALS
#include "jinclude.h"
#include "jpeglib.h"
#include "jlossls.h"		/* Private declarations for lossless codec */
#include "jchuff.h"		/* Declarations shared with jc*huff.c */


#ifdef C_LOSSLESS_SUPPORTED

/* The legal range of a spatial difference is
 * -32767 .. +32768.
 * Hence the magnitude should always fit in 16 bits.
 */

#define MAX_DIFF_BITS 16


/* Expanded entropy encoder object for Huffman encoding in lossless mode.
 *
 * The savable_state subrecord contains fields that change within an MCU,
 * but must not be updated permanently until we complete the MCU.
 */

typedef struct {
  INT32 put_buffer;		/* current bit-accumulation buffer */
  int put_bits;			/* # of bits now in it */
} savable_state;

/* This macro is to work around compilers with missing or broken
 * structure assignment.  You'll need to fix this code if you have
 * such a compiler and you change MAX_COMPS_IN_SCAN.
 */

#ifndef NO_STRUCT_ASSIGN
#define ASSIGN_STATE(dest,src)  ((dest) = (src))
#else
#define ASSIGN_STATE(dest,src)  \
	((dest).put_buffer = (src).put_buffer, \
	 (dest).put_bits = (src).put_bits)
#endif


typedef struct {
  int ci, yoffset, MCU_width;
} lhe_input_ptr_info;


typedef struct {
  struct jpeg_entropy_encoder pub; /* public fields */

  savable_state saved;		/* Bit buffer at start of MCU */

  /* These fields are NOT loaded into local working state. */
  unsigned int restarts_to_go;	/* MCUs left in this restart interval */
  int next_restart_num;		/* next restart number to write (0-7) */

  /* Pointers to derived tables (these workspaces have image lifespan) */
  c_derived_tbl * derived_tbls[NUM_HUFF_TBLS];

  /* Pointers to derived tables to be used for each data unit within an MCU */
  c_derived_tbl * cur_tbls[C_MAX_BLOCKS_IN_MCU];

#ifdef ENTROPY_OPT_SUPPORTED	/* Statistics tables for optimization */
  long * count_ptrs[NUM_HUFF_TBLS];

  /* Pointers to stats tables to be used for each data unit within an MCU */
  long * cur_counts[C_MAX_BLOCKS_IN_MCU];
#endif

  /* Pointers to the proper input difference row for each group of data units
   * within an MCU.  For each component, there are Vi groups of Hi data units.
   */
  JDIFFROW input_ptr[C_MAX_BLOCKS_IN_MCU];

  /* Number of input pointers in use for the current MCU.  This is the sum
   * of all Vi in the MCU.
   */
  int num_input_ptrs;

  /* Information used for positioning the input pointers within the input
   * difference rows.
   */
  lhe_input_ptr_info input_ptr_info[C_MAX_BLOCKS_IN_MCU];

  /* Index of the proper input pointer for each data unit within an MCU */
  int input_ptr_index[C_MAX_BLOCKS_IN_MCU];

} lhuff_entropy_encoder;

typedef lhuff_entropy_encoder * lhuff_entropy_ptr;

/* Working state while writing an MCU.
 * This struct contains all the fields that are needed by subroutines.
 */

typedef struct {
  JOCTET * next_output_byte;	/* => next byte to write in buffer */
  size_t free_in_buffer;	/* # of byte spaces remaining in buffer */
  savable_state cur;		/* Current bit buffer & DC state */
  j_compress_ptr cinfo;		/* dump_buffer needs access to this */
} working_state;


/* Forward declarations */
METHODDEF(JDIMENSION) encode_mcus_huff (j_compress_ptr cinfo,
					JDIFFIMAGE diff_buf,
					JDIMENSION MCU_row_num,
					JDIMENSION MCU_col_num,
					JDIMENSION nMCU);
METHODDEF(void) finish_pass_huff JPP((j_compress_ptr cinfo));
#ifdef ENTROPY_OPT_SUPPORTED
METHODDEF(JDIMENSION) encode_mcus_gather (j_compress_ptr cinfo,
					  JDIFFIMAGE diff_buf,
					  JDIMENSION MCU_row_num,
					  JDIMENSION MCU_col_num,
					  JDIMENSION nMCU);
METHODDEF(void) finish_pass_gather JPP((j_compress_ptr cinfo));
#endif


/*
 * Initialize for a Huffman-compressed scan.
 * If gather_statistics is TRUE, we do not output anything during the scan,
 * just count the Huffman symbols used and generate Huffman code tables.
 */

METHODDEF(void)
start_pass_lhuff (j_compress_ptr cinfo, boolean gather_statistics)
{
  lhuff_entropy_ptr entropy = (lhuff_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
  int ci, dctbl, sampn, ptrn, yoffset, xoffset;
  jpeg_component_info * compptr;

  if (gather_statistics) {
#ifdef ENTROPY_OPT_SUPPORTED
    entropy->pub.encode_mcus = encode_mcus_gather;
    entropy->pub.finish_pass = finish_pass_gather;
#else
    ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_NOT_COMPILED);
#endif
  } else {
    entropy->pub.encode_mcus = encode_mcus_huff;
    entropy->pub.finish_pass = finish_pass_huff;
  }

  for (ci = 0; ci < cinfo->comps_in_scan; ci++) {
    compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci];
    dctbl = compptr->dc_tbl_no;
    if (gather_statistics) {
#ifdef ENTROPY_OPT_SUPPORTED
      /* Check for invalid table indexes */
      /* (make_c_derived_tbl does this in the other path) */
      if (dctbl < 0 || dctbl >= NUM_HUFF_TBLS)
	ERREXIT1(cinfo, JERR_NO_HUFF_TABLE, dctbl);
      /* Allocate and zero the statistics tables */
      /* Note that jpeg_gen_optimal_table expects 257 entries in each table! */
      if (entropy->count_ptrs[dctbl] == NULL)
	entropy->count_ptrs[dctbl] = (long *)
	  (*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr) cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE,
				      257 * SIZEOF(long));
      MEMZERO(entropy->count_ptrs[dctbl], 257 * SIZEOF(long));
#endif
    } else {
      /* Compute derived values for Huffman tables */
      /* We may do this more than once for a table, but it's not expensive */
      jpeg_make_c_derived_tbl(cinfo, TRUE, dctbl,
			      & entropy->derived_tbls[dctbl]);
    }
  }

  /* Precalculate encoding info for each sample in an MCU of this scan */
  for (sampn = 0, ptrn = 0; sampn < cinfo->blocks_in_MCU;) {
    compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[cinfo->MCU_membership[sampn]];
    ci = compptr->component_index;
    for (yoffset = 0; yoffset < compptr->MCU_height; yoffset++, ptrn++) {
      /* Precalculate the setup info for each input pointer */
      entropy->input_ptr_info[ptrn].ci = ci;
      entropy->input_ptr_info[ptrn].yoffset = yoffset;
      entropy->input_ptr_info[ptrn].MCU_width = compptr->MCU_width;
      for (xoffset = 0; xoffset < compptr->MCU_width; xoffset++, sampn++) {
	/* Precalculate the input pointer index for each sample */
	entropy->input_ptr_index[sampn] = ptrn;
	/* Precalculate which tables to use for each sample */
	entropy->cur_tbls[sampn] = entropy->derived_tbls[compptr->dc_tbl_no];
	entropy->cur_counts[sampn] = entropy->count_ptrs[compptr->dc_tbl_no];
      }
    }
  }
  entropy->num_input_ptrs = ptrn;

  /* Initialize bit buffer to empty */
  entropy->saved.put_buffer = 0;
  entropy->saved.put_bits = 0;

  /* Initialize restart stuff */
  entropy->restarts_to_go = cinfo->restart_interval;
  entropy->next_restart_num = 0;
}


/* Outputting bytes to the file */

/* Emit a byte, taking 'action' if must suspend. */
#define emit_byte(state,val,action)  \
	{ *(state)->next_output_byte++ = (JOCTET) (val);  \
	  if (--(state)->free_in_buffer == 0)  \
	    if (! dump_buffer(state))  \
	      { action; } }


LOCAL(boolean)
dump_buffer (working_state * state)
/* Empty the output buffer; return TRUE if successful, FALSE if must suspend */
{
  struct jpeg_destination_mgr * dest = state->cinfo->dest;

  if (! (*dest->empty_output_buffer) (state->cinfo))
    return FALSE;
  /* After a successful buffer dump, must reset buffer pointers */
  state->next_output_byte = dest->next_output_byte;
  state->free_in_buffer = dest->free_in_buffer;
  return TRUE;
}


/* Outputting bits to the file */

/* Only the right 24 bits of put_buffer are used; the valid bits are
 * left-justified in this part.  At most 16 bits can be passed to emit_bits
 * in one call, and we never retain more than 7 bits in put_buffer
 * between calls, so 24 bits are sufficient.
 */

INLINE
LOCAL(boolean)
emit_bits (working_state * state, unsigned int code, int size)
/* Emit some bits; return TRUE if successful, FALSE if must suspend */
{
  /* This routine is heavily used, so it's worth coding tightly. */
  register INT32 put_buffer = (INT32) code;
  register int put_bits = state->cur.put_bits;

  /* if size is 0, caller used an invalid Huffman table entry */
  if (size == 0)
    ERREXIT(state->cinfo, JERR_HUFF_MISSING_CODE);

  put_buffer &= (((INT32) 1)<<size) - 1; /* mask off any extra bits in code */
  
  put_bits += size;		/* new number of bits in buffer */
  
  put_buffer <<= 24 - put_bits; /* align incoming bits */

  put_buffer |= state->cur.put_buffer; /* and merge with old buffer contents */
  
  while (put_bits >= 8) {
    int c = (int) ((put_buffer >> 16) & 0xFF);
    
    emit_byte(state, c, return FALSE);
    if (c == 0xFF) {		/* need to stuff a zero byte? */
      emit_byte(state, 0, return FALSE);
    }
    put_buffer <<= 8;
    put_bits -= 8;
  }

  state->cur.put_buffer = put_buffer; /* update state variables */
  state->cur.put_bits = put_bits;

  return TRUE;
}


LOCAL(boolean)
flush_bits (working_state * state)
{
  if (! emit_bits(state, 0x7F, 7)) /* fill any partial byte with ones */
    return FALSE;
  state->cur.put_buffer = 0;	/* and reset bit-buffer to empty */
  state->cur.put_bits = 0;
  return TRUE;
}


/*
 * Emit a restart marker & resynchronize predictions.
 */

LOCAL(boolean)
emit_restart (working_state * state, int restart_num)
{
  if (! flush_bits(state))
    return FALSE;

  emit_byte(state, 0xFF, return FALSE);
  emit_byte(state, JPEG_RST0 + restart_num, return FALSE);

  /* The restart counter is not updated until we successfully write the MCU. */

  return TRUE;
}


/*
 * Encode and output nMCU MCUs' worth of Huffman-compressed differences.
 */

METHODDEF(JDIMENSION)
encode_mcus_huff (j_compress_ptr cinfo, JDIFFIMAGE diff_buf,
		  JDIMENSION MCU_row_num, JDIMENSION MCU_col_num,
		  JDIMENSION nMCU)
{
  lhuff_entropy_ptr entropy = (lhuff_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
  working_state state;
  int mcu_num, sampn, ci, yoffset, MCU_width, ptrn;

  /* Load up working state */
  state.next_output_byte = cinfo->dest->next_output_byte;
  state.free_in_buffer = cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer;
  ASSIGN_STATE(state.cur, entropy->saved);
  state.cinfo = cinfo;

  /* Emit restart marker if needed */
  if (cinfo->restart_interval) {
    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0)
      if (! emit_restart(&state, entropy->next_restart_num))
	return 0;
  }

  /* Set input pointer locations based on MCU_col_num */
  for (ptrn = 0; ptrn < entropy->num_input_ptrs; ptrn++) {
    ci = entropy->input_ptr_info[ptrn].ci;
    yoffset = entropy->input_ptr_info[ptrn].yoffset;
    MCU_width = entropy->input_ptr_info[ptrn].MCU_width;
    entropy->input_ptr[ptrn] =
      diff_buf[ci][MCU_row_num + yoffset] + (MCU_col_num * MCU_width);
  }

  for (mcu_num = 0; mcu_num < nMCU; mcu_num++) {

    /* Inner loop handles the samples in the MCU */
    for (sampn = 0; sampn < cinfo->blocks_in_MCU; sampn++) {
      register int temp, temp2;
      register int nbits;
      c_derived_tbl *dctbl = entropy->cur_tbls[sampn];
  
      /* Encode the difference per section H.1.2.2 */
  
      /* Input the sample difference */
      temp = *entropy->input_ptr[entropy->input_ptr_index[sampn]]++;

      if (temp & 0x8000) {	/* instead of temp < 0 */
	temp = (-temp) & 0x7FFF; /* absolute value, mod 2^16 */
	if (temp == 0)		/* special case: magnitude = 32768 */
	  temp2 = temp = 0x8000;
	temp2 = ~ temp;		/* one's complement of magnitude */
      } else {
	temp &= 0x7FFF;		/* abs value mod 2^16 */
	temp2 = temp;		/* magnitude */
      }

      /* Find the number of bits needed for the magnitude of the difference */
      nbits = 0;
      while (temp) {
	nbits++;
	temp >>= 1;
      }
      /* Check for out-of-range difference values.
       */
      if (nbits > MAX_DIFF_BITS)
	ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_BAD_DCT_COEF);
  
      /* Emit the Huffman-coded symbol for the number of bits */
      if (! emit_bits(&state, dctbl->ehufco[nbits], dctbl->ehufsi[nbits]))
	return mcu_num;

      /* Emit that number of bits of the value, if positive, */
      /* or the complement of its magnitude, if negative. */
      if (nbits &&		/* emit_bits rejects calls with size 0 */
	  nbits != 16)		/* special case: no bits should be emitted */
	if (! emit_bits(&state, (unsigned int) temp2, nbits))
	  return mcu_num;
    }

    /* Completed MCU, so update state */
    cinfo->dest->next_output_byte = state.next_output_byte;
    cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer = state.free_in_buffer;
    ASSIGN_STATE(entropy->saved, state.cur);

    /* Update restart-interval state too */
    if (cinfo->restart_interval) {
      if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0) {
	entropy->restarts_to_go = cinfo->restart_interval;
	entropy->next_restart_num++;
	entropy->next_restart_num &= 7;
      }
      entropy->restarts_to_go--;
    }

  }

  return nMCU;
}


/*
 * Finish up at the end of a Huffman-compressed scan.
 */

METHODDEF(void)
finish_pass_huff (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
{
  lhuff_entropy_ptr entropy = (lhuff_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
  working_state state;

  /* Load up working state ... flush_bits needs it */
  state.next_output_byte = cinfo->dest->next_output_byte;
  state.free_in_buffer = cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer;
  ASSIGN_STATE(state.cur, entropy->saved);
  state.cinfo = cinfo;

  /* Flush out the last data */
  if (! flush_bits(&state))
    ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_CANT_SUSPEND);

  /* Update state */
  cinfo->dest->next_output_byte = state.next_output_byte;
  cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer = state.free_in_buffer;
  ASSIGN_STATE(entropy->saved, state.cur);
}


/*
 * Huffman coding optimization.
 *
 * We first scan the supplied data and count the number of uses of each symbol
 * that is to be Huffman-coded. (This process MUST agree with the code above.)
 * Then we build a Huffman coding tree for the observed counts.
 * Symbols which are not needed at all for the particular image are not
 * assigned any code, which saves space in the DHT marker as well as in
 * the compressed data.
 */

#ifdef ENTROPY_OPT_SUPPORTED

/*
 * Trial-encode nMCU MCUs' worth of Huffman-compressed differences.
 * No data is actually output, so no suspension return is possible.
 */

METHODDEF(JDIMENSION)
encode_mcus_gather (j_compress_ptr cinfo, JDIFFIMAGE diff_buf,
		    JDIMENSION MCU_row_num, JDIMENSION MCU_col_num,
		    JDIMENSION nMCU)
{
  lhuff_entropy_ptr entropy = (lhuff_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
  int mcu_num, sampn, ci, yoffset, MCU_width, ptrn;

  /* Take care of restart intervals if needed */
  if (cinfo->restart_interval) {
    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0) {
      /* Update restart state */
      entropy->restarts_to_go = cinfo->restart_interval;
    }
    entropy->restarts_to_go--;
  }

  /* Set input pointer locations based on MCU_col_num */
  for (ptrn = 0; ptrn < entropy->num_input_ptrs; ptrn++) {
    ci = entropy->input_ptr_info[ptrn].ci;
    yoffset = entropy->input_ptr_info[ptrn].yoffset;
    MCU_width = entropy->input_ptr_info[ptrn].MCU_width;
    entropy->input_ptr[ptrn] =
      diff_buf[ci][MCU_row_num + yoffset] + (MCU_col_num * MCU_width);
  }

  for (mcu_num = 0; mcu_num < nMCU; mcu_num++) {

    /* Inner loop handles the samples in the MCU */
    for (sampn = 0; sampn < cinfo->blocks_in_MCU; sampn++) {
      register int temp;
      register int nbits;
      long * counts = entropy->cur_counts[sampn];
  
      /* Encode the difference per section H.1.2.2 */
  
      /* Input the sample difference */
      temp = *entropy->input_ptr[entropy->input_ptr_index[sampn]]++;

      if (temp & 0x8000) {	/* instead of temp < 0 */
	temp = (-temp) & 0x7FFF; /* absolute value, mod 2^16 */
	if (temp == 0)		/* special case: magnitude = 32768 */
	  temp = 0x8000;
      } else
	temp &= 0x7FFF;		/* abs value mod 2^16 */

      /* Find the number of bits needed for the magnitude of the difference */
      nbits = 0;
      while (temp) {
	nbits++;
	temp >>= 1;
      }
      /* Check for out-of-range difference values.
       */
      if (nbits > MAX_DIFF_BITS)
	ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_BAD_DCT_COEF);
  
      /* Count the Huffman symbol for the number of bits */
      counts[nbits]++;
    }
  }

  return nMCU;
}


/*
 * Finish up a statistics-gathering pass and create the new Huffman tables.
 */

METHODDEF(void)
finish_pass_gather (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
{
  lhuff_entropy_ptr entropy = (lhuff_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
  int ci, dctbl;
  jpeg_component_info * compptr;
  JHUFF_TBL **htblptr;
  boolean did_dc[NUM_HUFF_TBLS];

  /* It's important not to apply jpeg_gen_optimal_table more than once
   * per table, because it clobbers the input frequency counts!
   */
  MEMZERO(did_dc, SIZEOF(did_dc));

  for (ci = 0; ci < cinfo->comps_in_scan; ci++) {
    compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci];
    dctbl = compptr->dc_tbl_no;
    if (! did_dc[dctbl]) {
      htblptr = & cinfo->dc_huff_tbl_ptrs[dctbl];
      if (*htblptr == NULL)
	*htblptr = jpeg_alloc_huff_table((j_common_ptr) cinfo);
      jpeg_gen_optimal_table(cinfo, *htblptr, entropy->count_ptrs[dctbl]);
      did_dc[dctbl] = TRUE;
    }
  }
}


#endif /* ENTROPY_OPT_SUPPORTED */


/*
 * Module initialization routine for lossless mode Huffman entropy encoding.
 */

GLOBAL(void)
jinit_lhuff_encoder (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
{
  lhuff_entropy_ptr entropy;
  int i;

  entropy = (lhuff_entropy_ptr)
    (*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr) cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE,
				SIZEOF(lhuff_entropy_encoder));
  cinfo->entropy = (struct jpeg_entropy_encoder *) entropy;
  entropy->pub.start_pass = start_pass_lhuff;

  /* Mark tables unallocated */
  for (i = 0; i < NUM_HUFF_TBLS; i++) {
    entropy->derived_tbls[i] = NULL;
#ifdef ENTROPY_OPT_SUPPORTED
    entropy->count_ptrs[i] = NULL;
#endif
  }
}

#endif /* C_LOSSLESS_SUPPORTED */