tensorflow/python/ops/lookup_ops.py

# Copyright 2017 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#==============================================================================
"""Lookup operations."""
# pylint: disable=g-bad-name
import collections
import functools
import uuid

from tensorflow.python.checkpoint import saveable_compat
from tensorflow.python.eager import context
from tensorflow.python.framework import constant_op
from tensorflow.python.framework import dtypes
from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
from tensorflow.python.framework import sparse_tensor
from tensorflow.python.framework import tensor_shape
from tensorflow.python.framework import tensor_util
from tensorflow.python.ops import array_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import control_flow_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import gen_lookup_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import math_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import string_ops
# go/tf-wildcard-import
# pylint: disable=wildcard-import
from tensorflow.python.ops.gen_lookup_ops import *
from tensorflow.python.ops.ragged import ragged_tensor
from tensorflow.python.saved_model import registration
from tensorflow.python.trackable import asset
# pylint: enable=wildcard-import
from tensorflow.python.trackable import base as trackable_base
from tensorflow.python.trackable import resource
from tensorflow.python.training.saver import BaseSaverBuilder
from tensorflow.python.util import compat as compat_util
from tensorflow.python.util.deprecation import deprecated
from tensorflow.python.util.tf_export import tf_export


@tf_export(v1=["initialize_all_tables"])
@deprecated(None, "Use `tf.tables_initializer` instead.")
def initialize_all_tables(name="init_all_tables"):
  """Returns an Op that initializes all tables of the default graph.

  Args:
    name: Optional name for the initialization op.

  Returns:
    An Op that initializes all tables.  Note that if there are
    not tables the returned Op is a NoOp.
  """
  return tables_initializer(name)


@tf_export(v1=["initializers.tables_initializer", "tables_initializer"])
def tables_initializer(name="init_all_tables"):
  """Returns an Op that initializes all tables of the default graph.

  Args:
    name: Optional name for the initialization op.

  Returns:
    An Op that initializes all tables.  Note that if there are
    not tables the returned Op is a NoOp.

  @compatibility(TF2)
  `tf.compat.v1.tables_initializer` is no longer needed with eager execution and
  `tf.function`. In TF2, when creating an initializable table like a
  `tf.lookup.StaticHashTable`, the table will automatically be initialized on
  creation.

  #### Before & After Usage Example

  Before:

  >>> with tf.compat.v1.Session():
  ...   init = tf.compat.v1.lookup.KeyValueTensorInitializer(['a', 'b'], [1, 2])
  ...   table = tf.compat.v1.lookup.StaticHashTable(init, default_value=-1)
  ...   tf.compat.v1.tables_initializer().run()
  ...   result = table.lookup(tf.constant(['a', 'c'])).eval()
  >>> result
  array([ 1, -1], dtype=int32)

  After:

  >>> init = tf.lookup.KeyValueTensorInitializer(['a', 'b'], [1, 2])
  >>> table = tf.lookup.StaticHashTable(init, default_value=-1)
  >>> table.lookup(tf.constant(['a', 'c'])).numpy()
  array([ 1, -1], dtype=int32)

  @end_compatibility
  """
  initializers = ops.get_collection(ops.GraphKeys.TABLE_INITIALIZERS)
  if initializers:
    return control_flow_ops.group(*initializers, name=name)
  return control_flow_ops.no_op(name=name)


def check_table_dtypes(table, key_dtype, value_dtype):
  """Check that the given key_dtype and value_dtype matches the table dtypes.

  Args:
    table: The table to check types against to.
    key_dtype: The key data type to check.
    value_dtype: The value data type to check.

  Raises:
    TypeError: when 'key_dtype' or 'value_dtype' doesn't match the table data
      types.
  """
  if key_dtype.base_dtype != table.key_dtype:
    raise TypeError(f"Invalid key dtype for table, expected {table.key_dtype} "
                    f"but got {key_dtype}.")
  if value_dtype.base_dtype != table.value_dtype:
    raise TypeError("Invalid value dtype for table, expected "
                    f"{table.value_dtype} but got {value_dtype}.")


class LookupInterface(resource.TrackableResource):
  """Represent a lookup table that persists across different steps."""

  def __init__(self, key_dtype, value_dtype):
    """Construct a lookup table interface.

    Args:
      key_dtype: The table key type.
      value_dtype: The table value type.
    """
    self._key_dtype = dtypes.as_dtype(key_dtype)
    self._value_dtype = dtypes.as_dtype(value_dtype)
    super(LookupInterface, self).__init__()

  def _create_resource(self):
    raise NotImplementedError

  @property
  def key_dtype(self):
    """The table key dtype."""
    return self._key_dtype

  @property
  def value_dtype(self):
    """The table value dtype."""
    return self._value_dtype

  @property
  def name(self):
    """The name of the table."""
    return NotImplementedError

  def size(self, name=None):
    """Compute the number of elements in this table."""
    raise NotImplementedError

  def lookup(self, keys, name=None):
    """Looks up `keys` in a table, outputs the corresponding values."""
    raise NotImplementedError

  def __getitem__(self, keys):
    """Looks up `keys` in a table, outputs the corresponding values."""
    return self.lookup(keys)


class InitializableLookupTableBase(LookupInterface):
  """Initializable lookup table interface.

  An initializable lookup tables persist across different steps.
  """

  def __init__(self, default_value, initializer):
    """Construct a table object from a table reference.

    If requires a table initializer object (subclass of `TableInitializerBase`).
    It provides the table key and value types, as well as the op to initialize
    the table. The caller is responsible to execute the initialization op.

    Args:
      default_value: The value to use if a key is missing in the table.
      initializer: The table initializer to use.
    """
    super(InitializableLookupTableBase, self).__init__(initializer.key_dtype,
                                                       initializer.value_dtype)
    self._default_value = ops.convert_to_tensor(
        default_value, dtype=self._value_dtype)
    self._default_value.get_shape().merge_with(tensor_shape.TensorShape([]))
    if isinstance(initializer, trackable_base.Trackable):
      self._initializer = self._track_trackable(initializer, "_initializer")
    with ops.init_scope():
      self._resource_handle = self._create_resource()
    if (not context.executing_eagerly() and
        ops.get_default_graph()._get_control_flow_context() is not None):  # pylint: disable=protected-access
      with ops.init_scope():
        self._init_op = self._initialize()
    else:
      self._init_op = self._initialize()

  def _initialize(self):
    return self._initializer.initialize(self)

  @property
  def default_value(self):
    """The default value of the table."""
    return self._default_value

  def size(self, name=None):
    """Compute the number of elements in this table.

    Args:
      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      A scalar tensor containing the number of elements in this table.
    """
    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_Size" % self.name, [self.resource_handle]):
      return gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_size_v2(self.resource_handle)

  def lookup(self, keys, name=None):
    """Looks up `keys` in a table, outputs the corresponding values.

    The `default_value` is used for keys not present in the table.

    Args:
      keys: Keys to look up. May be either a `SparseTensor` or dense `Tensor`.
      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      A `SparseTensor` if keys are sparse, a `RaggedTensor` if keys are ragged,
      otherwise a dense `Tensor`.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when `keys` or `default_value` doesn't match the table data
        types.
    """
    key_tensor = keys
    if isinstance(keys,
                  (sparse_tensor.SparseTensor, ragged_tensor.RaggedTensor)):
      key_tensor = keys.values

    if keys.dtype.base_dtype != self._key_dtype:
      raise TypeError(f"Dtype of argument `keys` must be {self._key_dtype}, "
                      f"received: {keys.dtype}")

    with ops.name_scope(
        name, "%s_Lookup" % self.name,
        (self.resource_handle, key_tensor, self._default_value)):
      values = gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_find_v2(self.resource_handle,
                                                   key_tensor,
                                                   self._default_value)

    values.set_shape(key_tensor.get_shape())
    if isinstance(keys, sparse_tensor.SparseTensor):
      return sparse_tensor.SparseTensor(keys.indices, values, keys.dense_shape)
    elif isinstance(keys, ragged_tensor.RaggedTensor):
      return keys.with_values(values)
    else:
      return values


class InitializableLookupTableBaseV1(InitializableLookupTableBase):

  @property
  def initializer(self):
    return self._init_op


@registration.register_tf_serializable(
    predicate=lambda obj: isinstance(obj, StaticHashTable))
@tf_export("lookup.StaticHashTable", v1=[])
class StaticHashTable(InitializableLookupTableBase):
  """A generic hash table that is immutable once initialized.

  Example usage:

  >>> keys_tensor = tf.constant(['a', 'b', 'c'])
  >>> vals_tensor = tf.constant([7, 8, 9])
  >>> input_tensor = tf.constant(['a', 'f'])
  >>> table = tf.lookup.StaticHashTable(
  ...     tf.lookup.KeyValueTensorInitializer(keys_tensor, vals_tensor),
  ...     default_value=-1)
  >>> table.lookup(input_tensor).numpy()
  array([ 7, -1], dtype=int32)

  Or for more pythonic code:

  >>> table[input_tensor].numpy()
  array([ 7, -1], dtype=int32)

  The result of a lookup operation has the same shape as the argument:

  >>> input_tensor = tf.constant([['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']])
  >>> table[input_tensor].numpy()
  array([[ 7,  8],
         [ 9, -1]], dtype=int32)


  """

  def __init__(self,
               initializer,
               default_value,
               name=None,
               experimental_is_anonymous=False):
    """Creates a non-initialized `HashTable` object.

    Creates a table, the type of its keys and values are specified by the
    initializer.
    Before using the table you will have to initialize it. After initialization
    the table will be immutable.

    Args:
      initializer: The table initializer to use. See `HashTable` kernel for
        supported key and value types.
      default_value: The value to use if a key is missing in the table.
      name: A name for the operation (optional).
      experimental_is_anonymous: Whether to use anonymous mode for the
        table (default is False). In anonymous mode, the table
        resource can only be accessed via a resource handle. It can't
        be looked up by a name. When all resource handles pointing to
        that resource are gone, the resource will be deleted
        automatically.

    Returns:
      A `HashTable` object.
    """
    self._initializer = initializer
    self._default_value = default_value
    self._is_anonymous = experimental_is_anonymous
    if not self._is_anonymous:
      self._shared_name = self._initializer._shared_name  # pylint: disable=protected-access
      if not self._shared_name:
        # Force using a shared name so that StaticHashTable resources can be
        # shared across different kernels. If no "shared_name" is set and
        # "use_node_name_sharing" is False, then each kernel gets its own local
        # resource.
        self._shared_name = "hash_table_%s" % (str(uuid.uuid4()),)
    self._name = name or "hash_table"
    self._table_name = None
    super(StaticHashTable, self).__init__(default_value, initializer)
    self._value_shape = self._default_value.get_shape()

  def _create_resource(self):
    if self._is_anonymous:
      table_ref = gen_lookup_ops.anonymous_hash_table(
          key_dtype=self._initializer.key_dtype,
          value_dtype=self._initializer.value_dtype,
          name=self._name)
    else:
      table_ref = gen_lookup_ops.hash_table_v2(
          shared_name=self._shared_name,
          key_dtype=self._initializer.key_dtype,
          value_dtype=self._initializer.value_dtype,
          name=self._name)
    if context.executing_eagerly():
      self._table_name = None
    else:
      self._table_name = table_ref.op.name.split("/")[-1]
    return table_ref

  @property
  def name(self):
    return self._table_name

  def export(self, name=None):
    """Returns tensors of all keys and values in the table.

    Args:
      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      A pair of tensors with the first tensor containing all keys and the
        second tensors containing all values in the table.
    """
    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_Export" % self.name, [self.resource_handle]):
      exported_keys, exported_values = gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_export_v2(
          self.resource_handle, self._key_dtype, self._value_dtype)

    exported_values.set_shape(exported_keys.get_shape().concatenate(
        self._value_shape))
    return exported_keys, exported_values

  def _serialize_to_proto(self, **unused_kwargs):
    return None

  def _add_trackable_child(self, name, value):
    setattr(self, name, value)
    if isinstance(value, trackable_base.Trackable):
      self._track_trackable(value, name)  # pylint:disable=protected-access

  @classmethod
  def _deserialize_from_proto(cls, **kwargs):

    class _RestoredStaticHashTable(resource.RestoredResource):  # pylint: disable=protected-access

      @classmethod
      def _resource_type(cls):
        return "RestoredStaticHashTable"

    return _RestoredStaticHashTable._deserialize_from_proto(**kwargs)  # pylint: disable=protected-access


@tf_export(v1=["lookup.StaticHashTable"])
class StaticHashTableV1(StaticHashTable):
  """A generic hash table that is immutable once initialized.

  When running in graph mode, you must evaluate the tensor returned by
  `tf.tables_initializer()` before evaluating the tensor returned by
  this class's `lookup()` method. Example usage in graph mode:

  ```python
  keys_tensor = tf.constant([1, 2])
  vals_tensor = tf.constant([3, 4])
  input_tensor = tf.constant([1, 5])
  table = tf.lookup.StaticHashTable(
      tf.lookup.KeyValueTensorInitializer(keys_tensor, vals_tensor), -1)
  out = table.lookup(input_tensor)
  with tf.Session() as sess:
      sess.run(tf.tables_initializer())
      print(sess.run(out))
  ```

  Note that in graph mode if you set `experimental_is_anonymous` to
  `True`, you should only call `Session.run` once, otherwise each
  `Session.run` will create (and destroy) a new table unrelated to
  each other, leading to errors such as "Table not initialized".
  You can do so like this:

  ```python
  keys_tensor = tf.constant([1, 2])
  vals_tensor = tf.constant([3, 4])
  input_tensor = tf.constant([1, 5])
  table = tf.lookup.StaticHashTable(
      tf.lookup.KeyValueTensorInitializer(keys_tensor, vals_tensor), -1,
      experimental_is_anonymous=True)
  with tf.control_dependencies([tf.tables_initializer()]):
    out = table.lookup(input_tensor)
  with tf.Session() as sess:
    print(sess.run(out))
  ```

  In eager mode, no special code is needed to initialize the table.
  Example usage in eager mode:

  ```python
  tf.enable_eager_execution()
  keys_tensor = tf.constant([1, 2])
  vals_tensor = tf.constant([3, 4])
  input_tensor = tf.constant([1, 5])
  table = tf.lookup.StaticHashTable(
      tf.lookup.KeyValueTensorInitializer(keys_tensor, vals_tensor), -1)
  print(table.lookup(input_tensor))
  ```
  """

  @property
  def initializer(self):
    return self._init_op


# For backwards compatibility. This will be removed in TF 2.0.
class HashTable(StaticHashTableV1):

  @property
  def init(self):
    return self.initializer


class TableInitializerBase(trackable_base.Trackable):
  """Base class for lookup table initializers."""

  def __init__(self, key_dtype, value_dtype):
    """Construct a table initializer object.

    Args:
      key_dtype: Type of the table keys.
      value_dtype: Type of the table values.
    """
    self._key_dtype = dtypes.as_dtype(key_dtype)
    self._value_dtype = dtypes.as_dtype(value_dtype)

  @property
  def key_dtype(self):
    """The expected table key dtype."""
    return self._key_dtype

  @property
  def value_dtype(self):
    """The expected table value dtype."""
    return self._value_dtype

  def initialize(self, table):
    """Returns the table initialization op."""
    raise NotImplementedError

  @property
  def _shared_name(self):
    """Returns a shared name to be used by the table."""
    shared_name = ""
    if context.executing_eagerly():
      # Ensure a unique name when eager execution is enabled to avoid spurious
      # sharing issues.
      # TODO(rohanj): Use context.anonymous_name() instead.
      shared_name += str(ops.uid())
    return shared_name


@tf_export("lookup.KeyValueTensorInitializer")
class KeyValueTensorInitializer(TableInitializerBase):
  """Table initializers given `keys` and `values` tensors.

  >>> keys_tensor = tf.constant(['a', 'b', 'c'])
  >>> vals_tensor = tf.constant([7, 8, 9])
  >>> input_tensor = tf.constant(['a', 'f'])
  >>> init = tf.lookup.KeyValueTensorInitializer(keys_tensor, vals_tensor)
  >>> table = tf.lookup.StaticHashTable(
  ...     init,
  ...     default_value=-1)
  >>> table.lookup(input_tensor).numpy()
  array([ 7, -1], dtype=int32)

  """

  def __init__(self, keys, values, key_dtype=None, value_dtype=None, name=None):
    """Constructs a table initializer object based on keys and values tensors.

    Args:
      keys: The tensor for the keys.
      values: The tensor for the values.
      key_dtype: The `keys` data type. Used when `keys` is a python array.
      value_dtype: The `values` data type. Used when `values` is a python array.
      name: A name for the operation (optional).
    """
    if (not context.executing_eagerly() and
        ops.get_default_graph()._get_control_flow_context() is not None):  # pylint: disable=protected-access
      with ops.init_scope():
        self._keys = ops.convert_to_tensor(keys, dtype=key_dtype, name="keys")
        self._values = ops.convert_to_tensor(
            values, dtype=value_dtype, name="values")
    else:
      self._keys = ops.convert_to_tensor(keys, dtype=key_dtype, name="keys")
      self._values = ops.convert_to_tensor(
          values, dtype=value_dtype, name="values")
    self._name = name if name is not None else "key_value_init"
    if context.executing_eagerly():
      # Ensure a unique name when eager execution is enabled to avoid spurious
      # sharing issues.
      # TODO(rohanj): Use context.anonymous_name() instead.
      self._name += str(ops.uid())

    super(KeyValueTensorInitializer, self).__init__(self._keys.dtype,
                                                    self._values.dtype)

  def initialize(self, table):
    """Initializes the given `table` with `keys` and `values` tensors.

    Args:
      table: The table to initialize.

    Returns:
      The operation that initializes the table.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when the keys and values data types do not match the table
      key and value data types.
    """
    check_table_dtypes(table, self._keys.dtype, self._values.dtype)
    with ops.name_scope(
        self._name, values=(table.resource_handle, self._keys, self._values)):
      init_op = gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_import_v2(table.resource_handle,
                                                      self._keys, self._values)
    ops.add_to_collection(ops.GraphKeys.TABLE_INITIALIZERS, init_op)
    return init_op


@tf_export("lookup.TextFileIndex")
class TextFileIndex:
  """The key and value content to get from each line.

  This class defines the key and value used for `tf.lookup.TextFileInitializer`.

  The key and value content to get from each line is specified either
  by the following, or a value `>=0`.
  * `TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER` means use the line number starting from zero,
    expects data type int64.
  * `TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE` means use the whole line content, expects data
    type string.

  A value `>=0` means use the index (starting at zero) of the split line based
      on `delimiter`.
  """
  WHOLE_LINE = -2
  LINE_NUMBER = -1


@tf_export("lookup.TextFileInitializer")
class TextFileInitializer(TableInitializerBase):
  r"""Table initializers from a text file.

  This initializer assigns one entry in the table for each line in the file.

  The key and value type of the table to initialize is given by `key_dtype` and
  `value_dtype`.

  The key and value content to get from each line is specified by
  the `key_index` and `value_index`.

  * `TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER` means use the line number starting from zero,
    expects data type int64.
  * `TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE` means use the whole line content, expects data
    type string.
  * A value `>=0` means use the index (starting at zero) of the split line based
      on `delimiter`.

  For example if we have a file with the following content:

  >>> import tempfile
  >>> f = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
  >>> content='\n'.join(["emerson 10", "lake 20", "palmer 30",])
  >>> f.file.write(content.encode('utf-8'))
  >>> f.file.close()

  The following snippet initializes a table with the first column as keys and
  second column as values:

  * `emerson -> 10`
  * `lake -> 20`
  * `palmer -> 30`

  >>> init= tf.lookup.TextFileInitializer(
  ...    filename=f.name,
  ...    key_dtype=tf.string, key_index=0,
  ...    value_dtype=tf.int64, value_index=1,
  ...    delimiter=" ")
  >>> table = tf.lookup.StaticHashTable(init, default_value=-1)
  >>> table.lookup(tf.constant(['palmer','lake','tarkus'])).numpy()

  Similarly to initialize the whole line as keys and the line number as values.

  * `emerson 10 -> 0`
  * `lake 20 -> 1`
  * `palmer 30 -> 2`

  >>> init = tf.lookup.TextFileInitializer(
  ...   filename=f.name,
  ...   key_dtype=tf.string, key_index=tf.lookup.TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE,
  ...   value_dtype=tf.int64, value_index=tf.lookup.TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER)
  >>> table = tf.lookup.StaticHashTable(init, -1)
  >>> table.lookup(tf.constant('palmer 30')).numpy()
  2
  """

  def __init__(self,
               filename,
               key_dtype,
               key_index,
               value_dtype,
               value_index,
               vocab_size=None,
               delimiter="\t",
               name=None,
               value_index_offset=0):
    """Constructs a table initializer object to populate from a text file.

    It generates one key-value pair per line. The type of table key and
    value are specified by `key_dtype` and `value_dtype`, respectively.
    Similarly the content of the key and value are specified by the key_index
    and value_index.

    - TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER means use the line number starting from zero,
      expects data type int64.
    - TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE means use the whole line content, expects data
      type string or int64.
    - A value >=0 means use the index (starting at zero) of the split line based
      on `delimiter`.

    Args:
      filename: The filename of the text file to be used for initialization. The
        path must be accessible from wherever the graph is initialized (eg.
        trainer or eval workers). The filename may be a scalar `Tensor`.
      key_dtype: The `key` data type.
      key_index: the index that represents information of a line to get the
        table 'key' values from.
      value_dtype: The `value` data type.
      value_index: the index that represents information of a line to get the
        table 'value' values from.'
      vocab_size: The number of elements in the file, if known.
      delimiter: The delimiter to separate fields in a line.
      name: A name for the operation (optional).
      value_index_offset: A number to add to all indices extracted from the file
        This is useful for cases where a user would like to reserve one or more
        low index values for control characters. For instance, if you would
        like to ensure that no vocabulary item is mapped to index 0 (so you can
        reserve 0 for a masking value), you can set value_index_offset to 1;
        this will mean that the first vocabulary element is mapped to 1
        instead of 0.

    Raises:
      ValueError: when the filename is empty, or when the table key and value
      data types do not match the expected data types.
    """
    if not isinstance(filename, ops.Tensor) and not filename:
      raise ValueError("`filename` argument required for tf.lookup.TextFileInitializer")

    self._filename_arg = filename
    key_dtype = dtypes.as_dtype(key_dtype)
    value_dtype = dtypes.as_dtype(value_dtype)

    if key_index < -2:
      raise ValueError(f"`key_index` should be >= -2, received: {key_index}.")

    if key_index == TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER and key_dtype != dtypes.int64:
      raise ValueError("`key_dtype` must be int64 if `key_index` is "
                       f"{TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER}, received: {key_dtype}")
    if ((key_index == TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE) and
        (not key_dtype.is_integer) and (key_dtype != dtypes.string)):
      raise ValueError(
          "`key_dtype` should be either integer or string for `key_index` "
          f"{TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE}, received: {key_dtype}")
    if value_index < -2:
      raise ValueError("`value_index` should be >= -2, received: "
                       f"{value_index}")

    if value_index == TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER and value_dtype != dtypes.int64:
      raise ValueError("`value_dtype` must be int64 for `value_index` "
                       f"{TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER}, received: {value_dtype}")
    if ((value_index == TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE) and
        (not value_dtype.is_integer) and (value_dtype != dtypes.string)):
      raise ValueError(
          "`value_dtype` should be either integer or string for `value_index` "
          f"{TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE}, received: {value_dtype}")

    if (vocab_size is not None) and (vocab_size <= 0):
      raise ValueError(f"`vocab_size` should be > 0, received: {vocab_size}")

    self._key_index = key_index
    self._value_index = value_index
    self._vocab_size = vocab_size
    self._delimiter = delimiter
    self._name = name
    self._filename = self._track_trackable(
        asset.Asset(filename), "_filename")
    self._offset = value_index_offset

    super(TextFileInitializer, self).__init__(key_dtype, value_dtype)

  def initialize(self, table):
    """Initializes the table from a text file.

    Args:
      table: The table to be initialized.

    Returns:
      The operation that initializes the table.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when the keys and values data types do not match the table
      key and value data types.
    """
    check_table_dtypes(table, self.key_dtype, self.value_dtype)
    with ops.name_scope(self._name, "text_file_init", (table.resource_handle,)):
      filename = ops.convert_to_tensor(
          self._filename, dtypes.string, name="asset_filepath")
      init_op = gen_lookup_ops.initialize_table_from_text_file_v2(
          table.resource_handle, filename, self._key_index, self._value_index,
          -1 if self._vocab_size is None else self._vocab_size, self._delimiter,
          self._offset)
    ops.add_to_collection(ops.GraphKeys.TABLE_INITIALIZERS, init_op)
    # If the filename tensor is anything other than a string constant (e.g.,
    # if it is a placeholder) then it does not make sense to track it as an
    # asset.
    if not context.executing_eagerly() and constant_op.is_constant(filename):
      ops.add_to_collection(ops.GraphKeys.ASSET_FILEPATHS, filename)
    return init_op

  @property
  def _shared_name(self):
    if self._vocab_size:
      # Keep the shared_name:
      # <table_type>_<filename>_<vocab_size>_<key_index>_<value_index>_<offset>
      if self._offset:
        shared_name = "hash_table_%s_%d_%s_%s_%s" % (
            self._filename_arg, self._vocab_size, self._key_index,
            self._value_index, self._offset)
      else:
        shared_name = "hash_table_%s_%d_%s_%s" % (
            self._filename_arg, self._vocab_size, self._key_index,
            self._value_index)
    else:
      # Keep the shared_name
      # <table_type>_<filename>_<key_index>_<value_index>_<offset>
      if self._offset:
        shared_name = "hash_table_%s_%s_%s_%s" % (
            self._filename_arg, self._key_index, self._value_index,
            self._offset)
      else:
        shared_name = "hash_table_%s_%s_%s" % (
            self._filename_arg, self._key_index, self._value_index)

    return shared_name


class TextFileStringTableInitializer(TextFileInitializer):
  """Table initializer for `int64` IDs to string tables from a text file."""

  def __init__(self,
               filename,
               key_column_index=TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER,
               value_column_index=TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE,
               vocab_size=None,
               delimiter="\t",
               name="text_file_string_table_init"):
    """Constructs an initializer for an id-to-string table from a text file.

    It populates a table that its key and value types are int64 and string,
    respectively. It generates one key-value pair per line.
    The content of the key and value are specified by `key_column_index`
    and `value_column_index`.

    - TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER means use the line number starting from zero,
      expects data type int64.
    - TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE means use the whole line content, expects data
      type string or int64.
    - A value >=0 means use the index (starting at zero) of the split line based
      on `delimiter`.

    Args:
      filename: The filename of the text file to be used for initialization. The
        path must be accessible from wherever the graph is initialized (eg.
        trainer or eval workers). The filename may be a scalar `Tensor`.
      key_column_index: The column index from the text file to get the keys
        from. The default is to use the line number, starting from zero.
      value_column_index: The column index from the text file to get the values
        from. The default is to use the whole line content.
      vocab_size: The number of elements in the file, if known.
      delimiter: The delimiter to separate fields in a line.
      name: Optional name for the op.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when the filename is empty, or when the table key and value
      data types do not match the expected data types.
    """
    super(TextFileStringTableInitializer, self).__init__(
        filename,
        dtypes.int64,
        key_column_index,
        dtypes.string,
        value_column_index,
        vocab_size=vocab_size,
        delimiter=delimiter,
        name=name)


class TextFileIdTableInitializer(TextFileInitializer):
  """Table initializer for string to `int64` IDs tables from a text file."""

  def __init__(self,
               filename,
               key_column_index=TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE,
               value_column_index=TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER,
               vocab_size=None,
               delimiter="\t",
               name="text_file_id_table_init",
               key_dtype=dtypes.string):
    """Constructs an initializer for an string-to-id table from a text file.

    It populates a table that its key and value types are string and int64,
    respectively. It generates one key-value pair per line.
    The content of the key and value are specified by the key_index
    and value_index.

    - TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER means use the line number starting from zero,
      expects data type int64.
    - TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE means use the whole line content, expects data
      type string.
    - A value >=0 means use the index (starting at zero) of the split line based
      on `delimiter`.

    Args:
      filename: The filename of the text file to be used for initialization. The
        path must be accessible from wherever the graph is initialized (eg.
        trainer or eval workers). The filename may be a scalar `Tensor`.
      key_column_index: The column index from the text file to get the `key`
        values from. The default is to use the whole line content.
      value_column_index: The column index from the text file to get the `value`
        values from. The default is to use the line number, starting from zero.
      vocab_size: The number of elements in the file, if known.
      delimiter: The delimiter to separate fields in a line.
      name: Optional name for the op.
      key_dtype: The `key` data type.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when the filename is empty, or when the table key and value
      data types do not match the expected data types.
    """
    super(TextFileIdTableInitializer, self).__init__(
        filename,
        key_dtype,
        key_column_index,
        dtypes.int64,
        value_column_index,
        vocab_size=vocab_size,
        delimiter=delimiter,
        name=name)


class HasherSpec(collections.namedtuple("HasherSpec", ["hasher", "key"])):
  """A structure for the spec of the hashing function to use for hash buckets.

  `hasher` is the name of the hashing function to use (eg. "fasthash",
  "stronghash").
  `key` is optional and specify the key to use for the hash function if
  supported, currently only used by a strong hash.

  Fields:
    hasher: The hasher name to use.
    key: The key to be used by the hashing function, if required.
  """
  __slots__ = ()


FastHashSpec = HasherSpec("fasthash", None)  # pylint: disable=invalid-name


class StrongHashSpec(HasherSpec):
  """A structure to specify a key of the strong keyed hash spec.

  The strong hash requires a `key`, which is a list of 2 unsigned integer
  numbers. These should be non-zero; random numbers generated from random.org
  would be a fine choice.

  Fields:
    key: The key to be used by the keyed hashing function.
  """
  __slots__ = ()

  def __new__(cls, key):
    if len(key) != 2:
      raise ValueError(f"`key` must have size 2, received {len(key)}")

    if not isinstance(key[0], compat_util.integral_types) or not isinstance(
        key[1], compat_util.integral_types):
      raise TypeError("Invalid key %s. Must be unsigned integer values." % key)

    return super(cls, StrongHashSpec).__new__(cls, "stronghash", key)


def _as_string(tensor):
  if dtypes.string == tensor.dtype.base_dtype:
    return tensor
  return string_ops.as_string(tensor)


class IdTableWithHashBuckets(LookupInterface):
  r"""String to Id table wrapper that assigns out-of-vocabulary keys to buckets.

  For example, if an instance of `IdTableWithHashBuckets` is initialized with a
  string-to-id table that maps:

  * `emerson -> 0`
  * `lake -> 1`
  * `palmer -> 2`

  The `IdTableWithHashBuckets` object will performs the following mapping:

  * `emerson -> 0`
  * `lake -> 1`
  * `palmer -> 2`
  * `<other term> -> bucket_id`, where bucket_id will be between `3` and
  `3 + num_oov_buckets - 1`, calculated by:
  `hash(<term>) % num_oov_buckets + vocab_size`

  If input_tensor is `["emerson", "lake", "palmer", "king", "crimson"]`,
  the lookup result is `[0, 1, 2, 4, 7]`.

  If `table` is None, only out-of-vocabulary buckets are used.

  Example usage:

  ```python
  num_oov_buckets = 3
  input_tensor = tf.constant(["emerson", "lake", "palmer", "king", "crimnson"])
  table = tf.IdTableWithHashBuckets(
      tf.StaticHashTable(
          tf.lookup.TextFileInitializer(
              filename,
              key_dtype=tf.string,
              key_index=tf.lookup.TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE,
              value_dtype=tf.int64,
              value_index=tf.lookup.TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER,
              delimiter="\t"),
          default_value),
      num_oov_buckets)
  out = table.lookup(input_tensor).
  table.init.run()
  print(out.eval())
  ```

  The hash function used for generating out-of-vocabulary buckets ID is handled
  by `hasher_spec`.
  """

  def __init__(self,
               table,
               num_oov_buckets,
               hasher_spec=FastHashSpec,
               name=None,
               key_dtype=None):
    """Construct a `IdTableWithHashBuckets` object.

    Args:
      table: Table that maps `tf.string` or `tf.int64` keys to `tf.int64` ids.
      num_oov_buckets: Number of buckets to use for out-of-vocabulary keys.
      hasher_spec: A `HasherSpec` to specify the hash function to use for
        assignation of out-of-vocabulary buckets  (optional).
      name: A name for the operation (optional).
      key_dtype: Data type of keys passed to `lookup`. Defaults to
        `table.key_dtype` if `table` is specified, otherwise `tf.string`. Must
        be string or integer, and must be castable to `table.key_dtype`.

    Raises:
      ValueError: when `table` in None and `num_oov_buckets` is not positive.
      TypeError: when `hasher_spec` is invalid.
    """
    # If a name ends with a '/' it is a "name scope", remove all trailing '/'
    # characters to use as table name.
    if name:
      name = name.rstrip("/")
    if table:
      if key_dtype is None:
        key_dtype = table.key_dtype
      supported_table_key_dtypes = (dtypes.int64, dtypes.string)
      if table.key_dtype not in supported_table_key_dtypes:
        raise TypeError("Invalid `key_dtype`, expected one of "
                        f"{supported_table_key_dtypes}, received {key_dtype}.")
      if table.key_dtype.is_integer != key_dtype.is_integer:
        raise TypeError("Invalid `key dtype`, expected %s but got %s." %
                        ("integer" if key_dtype.is_integer else "non-integer",
                         table.key_dtype))
      if table.value_dtype != dtypes.int64:
        raise TypeError("Invalid `value_dtype`: expected int64 but got %s." %
                        (table.value_dtype))
      self._table = table
      name = name or self._table.name
    else:
      if num_oov_buckets <= 0:
        raise ValueError("`oov_buckets` must be > 0 if no `table` is supplied.")
      key_dtype = dtypes.string if key_dtype is None else key_dtype
      self._table = None
      name = name or "hash_bucket"
    if (not key_dtype.is_integer) and (dtypes.string != key_dtype):
      raise TypeError("Invalid `key_dtype`, expected integer or string, got "
                      f"{key_dtype}.")
    self._num_oov_buckets = num_oov_buckets

    if not isinstance(hasher_spec, HasherSpec):
      raise TypeError("`hasher_spec` must be of type HasherSpec, got "
                      f"{type(hasher_spec)}.")
    self._hasher_spec = hasher_spec
    if name:
      self._table_name = name.split("/")[-1]
    else:
      self._table_name = None
    super(IdTableWithHashBuckets, self).__init__(key_dtype, dtypes.int64)

  def _create_resource(self):
    if self._table is not None:
      return self._table._create_resource()  # pylint: disable=protected-access
    return None

  def _initialize(self):
    if self._table is not None:
      return self._table._initialize()  # pylint: disable=protected-access
    with ops.name_scope(None, "init"):
      return control_flow_ops.no_op()

  @property
  def initializer(self):
    if self._table is not None:
      return self._table._init_op  # pylint: disable=protected-access
    with ops.name_scope(None, "init"):
      return control_flow_ops.no_op()

  @property
  @deprecated("2018-12-15", "Use `initializer` instead.")
  def init(self):
    return self.initializer

  @property
  def resource_handle(self):
    if self._table is not None:
      return self._table.resource_handle
    return None

  @property
  def name(self):
    return self._table_name

  def size(self, name=None):
    """Compute the number of elements in this table."""
    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_Size" % self.name):
      if self._table:
        tsize = self._table.size()
      else:
        tsize = ops.convert_to_tensor(0, dtype=dtypes.int64)
      return tsize + self._num_oov_buckets

  def _get_string_to_hash_bucket_fn(self, hasher_spec):
    """Returns the string_to_hash_bucket op to use based on `hasher_spec`."""
    if not isinstance(hasher_spec, HasherSpec):
      raise TypeError("`hasher_spec` must be of type HasherSpec, got "
                      f"{type(hasher_spec)}.")
    if hasher_spec.hasher == "fasthash":
      return string_ops.string_to_hash_bucket_fast
    if hasher_spec.hasher == "legacy":
      return string_ops.string_to_hash_bucket
    if hasher_spec.hasher == "stronghash":
      return functools.partial(
          string_ops.string_to_hash_bucket_strong, key=hasher_spec.key)
    raise ValueError(
        f"Found unknown hasher {hasher_spec.hasher} in `hasher_spec`")

  def lookup(self, keys, name=None):
    """Looks up `keys` in the table, outputs the corresponding values.

    It assigns out-of-vocabulary keys to buckets based in their hashes.

    Args:
      keys: Keys to look up. May be either a `SparseTensor` or dense `Tensor`.
      name: Optional name for the op.

    Returns:
      A `SparseTensor` if keys are sparse, a `RaggedTensor` if keys are ragged,
      otherwise a dense `Tensor`.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when `keys` doesn't match the table key data type.
    """
    if keys.dtype.base_dtype != self._key_dtype:
      raise TypeError(f"Dtype of argument `keys` must be {self._key_dtype}, "
                      f"received: {keys.dtype}")
    values = keys
    if isinstance(keys,
                  (sparse_tensor.SparseTensor, ragged_tensor.RaggedTensor)):
      values = keys.values
    if self._table and (self._table.key_dtype.base_dtype == dtypes.int64):
      values = math_ops.cast(values, dtypes.int64)

    if self._num_oov_buckets == 0:
      ids = self._table.lookup(values, name=name)
    else:
      # TODO(yleon): Consider moving this functionality to its own kernel.
      with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_Lookup" % self.name):
        str_to_hash_bucket = self._get_string_to_hash_bucket_fn(
            self._hasher_spec)
        buckets = str_to_hash_bucket(
            _as_string(values),
            num_buckets=self._num_oov_buckets,
            name="hash_bucket")
        if self._table:
          ids = self._table.lookup(values)
          buckets = math_ops.add(buckets, self._table.size())
          is_id_non_default = math_ops.not_equal(ids, self._table.default_value)
          ids = array_ops.where_v2(is_id_non_default, ids, buckets)
        else:
          ids = buckets
    if isinstance(keys, sparse_tensor.SparseTensor):
      return sparse_tensor.SparseTensor(keys.indices, ids, keys.dense_shape)
    elif isinstance(keys, ragged_tensor.RaggedTensor):
      return keys.with_values(ids)
    return ids


@tf_export("lookup.StaticVocabularyTable", v1=[])
class StaticVocabularyTable(LookupInterface):
  r"""String to Id table that assigns out-of-vocabulary keys to hash buckets.

  For example, if an instance of `StaticVocabularyTable` is initialized with a
  string-to-id initializer that maps:

  >>> init = tf.lookup.KeyValueTensorInitializer(
  ...     keys=tf.constant(['emerson', 'lake', 'palmer']),
  ...     values=tf.constant([0, 1, 2], dtype=tf.int64))
  >>> table = tf.lookup.StaticVocabularyTable(
  ...    init,
  ...    num_oov_buckets=5)

  The `Vocabulary` object will performs the following mapping:

  * `emerson -> 0`
  * `lake -> 1`
  * `palmer -> 2`
  * `<other term> -> bucket_id`, where `bucket_id` will be between `3` and
  `3 + num_oov_buckets - 1 = 7`, calculated by:
  `hash(<term>) % num_oov_buckets + vocab_size`

  If input_tensor is:

  >>> input_tensor = tf.constant(["emerson", "lake", "palmer",
  ...                             "king", "crimson"])
  >>> table[input_tensor].numpy()
  array([0, 1, 2, 6, 7])

  If `initializer` is None, only out-of-vocabulary buckets are used.

  Example usage:

  >>> num_oov_buckets = 3
  >>> vocab = ["emerson", "lake", "palmer", "crimnson"]
  >>> import tempfile
  >>> f = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
  >>> f.write('\n'.join(vocab).encode('utf-8'))
  >>> f.close()

  >>> init = tf.lookup.TextFileInitializer(
  ...     f.name,
  ...     key_dtype=tf.string, key_index=tf.lookup.TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE,
  ...     value_dtype=tf.int64, value_index=tf.lookup.TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER)
  >>> table = tf.lookup.StaticVocabularyTable(init, num_oov_buckets)
  >>> table.lookup(tf.constant(["palmer", "crimnson" , "king",
  ...                           "tarkus", "black", "moon"])).numpy()
  array([2, 3, 5, 6, 6, 4])

  The hash function used for generating out-of-vocabulary buckets ID is
  Fingerprint64.

  Note that the out-of-vocabulary bucket IDs always range from the table `size`
  up to `size + num_oov_buckets - 1` regardless of the table values, which could
  cause unexpected collisions:

  >>> init = tf.lookup.KeyValueTensorInitializer(
  ...     keys=tf.constant(["emerson", "lake", "palmer"]),
  ...     values=tf.constant([1, 2, 3], dtype=tf.int64))
  >>> table = tf.lookup.StaticVocabularyTable(
  ...     init,
  ...     num_oov_buckets=1)
  >>> input_tensor = tf.constant(["emerson", "lake", "palmer", "king"])
  >>> table[input_tensor].numpy()
  array([1, 2, 3, 3])
  """

  def __init__(self,
               initializer,
               num_oov_buckets,
               lookup_key_dtype=None,
               name=None,
               experimental_is_anonymous=False):
    """Construct a `StaticVocabularyTable` object.

    Args:
      initializer: A `TableInitializerBase` object that contains the data used
        to initialize the table. If None, then we only use out-of-vocab buckets.
      num_oov_buckets: Number of buckets to use for out-of-vocabulary keys. Must
        be greater than zero. If out-of-vocab buckets are not required, use
        `StaticHashTable` instead.
      lookup_key_dtype: Data type of keys passed to `lookup`. Defaults to
        `initializer.key_dtype` if `initializer` is specified, otherwise
        `tf.string`. Must be string or integer, and must be castable to
        `initializer.key_dtype`.
      name: A name for the operation (optional).
      experimental_is_anonymous: Whether to use anonymous mode for the
        table (default is False). In anonymous mode, the table
        resource can only be accessed via a resource handle. It can't
        be looked up by a name. When all resource handles pointing to
        that resource are gone, the resource will be deleted
        automatically.

    Raises:
      ValueError: when `num_oov_buckets` is not positive.
      TypeError: when lookup_key_dtype or initializer.key_dtype are not
        integer or string. Also when initializer.value_dtype != int64.
    """
    if num_oov_buckets <= 0:
      raise ValueError("`num_oov_buckets` must be > 0; use StaticHashTable.")
    # If a name ends with a '/' it is a "name scope", remove all trailing '/'
    # characters to use as table name.
    if name:
      name = name.rstrip("/")
    if initializer:
      if lookup_key_dtype is None:
        lookup_key_dtype = initializer.key_dtype
      supported_table_key_dtypes = (dtypes.int64, dtypes.string)
      if initializer.key_dtype not in supported_table_key_dtypes:
        raise TypeError("Invalid `key_dtype`, expected one of %s, but got %s." %
                        (supported_table_key_dtypes, initializer.key_dtype))
      if initializer.key_dtype.is_integer != lookup_key_dtype.is_integer:
        raise TypeError(
            "Invalid `key_dtype`, expected %s but got %s." %
            ("integer" if lookup_key_dtype.is_integer else "non-integer",
             initializer.key_dtype))
      if initializer.value_dtype != dtypes.int64:
        raise TypeError("Invalid `value_dtype`, expected %s but got %s." %
                        (dtypes.int64, initializer.value_dtype))
      if isinstance(initializer, trackable_base.Trackable):
        self._initializer = self._track_trackable(initializer, "_initializer")
      self._table = HashTable(
          initializer,
          default_value=-1,
          experimental_is_anonymous=experimental_is_anonymous)
      name = name or self._table.name
    else:
      lookup_key_dtype = dtypes.string
      self._table = None
      name = name or "hash_bucket"
    if (not lookup_key_dtype.is_integer) and (dtypes.string !=
                                              lookup_key_dtype):
      raise TypeError("Invalid `key_dtype`, expected integer or string, got "
                      f"{lookup_key_dtype}")
    self._num_oov_buckets = num_oov_buckets

    self._table_name = None
    if name is not None:
      self._table_name = name.split("/")[-1]
    super(StaticVocabularyTable, self).__init__(lookup_key_dtype, dtypes.int64)

  def _create_resource(self):
    if self._table is not None:
      return self._table._create_resource()  # pylint: disable=protected-access
    return None

  def _initialize(self):
    if self._table is not None:
      return self._table._initialize()  # pylint: disable=protected-access
    with ops.name_scope(None, "init"):
      return control_flow_ops.no_op()

  @property
  def resource_handle(self):
    if self._table is not None:
      return self._table.resource_handle
    return None

  @property
  def name(self):
    return self._table_name

  def size(self, name=None):
    """Compute the number of elements in this table."""
    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_Size" % self.name):
      if self._table:
        tsize = self._table.size()
      else:
        tsize = ops.convert_to_tensor(0, dtype=dtypes.int64)
      return tsize + self._num_oov_buckets

  def lookup(self, keys, name=None):
    """Looks up `keys` in the table, outputs the corresponding values.

    It assigns out-of-vocabulary keys to buckets based in their hashes.

    Args:
      keys: Keys to look up. May be either a `SparseTensor` or dense `Tensor`.
      name: Optional name for the op.

    Returns:
      A `SparseTensor` if keys are sparse, a `RaggedTensor` if keys are ragged,
      otherwise a dense `Tensor`.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when `keys` doesn't match the table key data type.
    """
    if keys.dtype.base_dtype != self._key_dtype:
      raise TypeError(f"Dtype of argument `keys` must be {self._key_dtype}, "
                      f"received: {keys.dtype}")
    values = keys
    if isinstance(keys,
                  (sparse_tensor.SparseTensor, ragged_tensor.RaggedTensor)):
      values = keys.values
    if self._table and (self._table.key_dtype.base_dtype == dtypes.int64):
      values = math_ops.cast(values, dtypes.int64)

    # TODO(yleon): Consider moving this functionality to its own kernel.
    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_Lookup" % self.name):
      buckets = string_ops.string_to_hash_bucket_fast(
          _as_string(values),
          num_buckets=self._num_oov_buckets,
          name="hash_bucket")
      if self._table:
        ids = self._table.lookup(values)
        buckets = math_ops.add(buckets, self._table.size())
        is_id_non_default = math_ops.not_equal(ids, self._table.default_value)
        ids = array_ops.where_v2(is_id_non_default, ids, buckets)
      else:
        ids = buckets
    if isinstance(keys, sparse_tensor.SparseTensor):
      return sparse_tensor.SparseTensor(keys.indices, ids, keys.dense_shape)
    elif isinstance(keys, ragged_tensor.RaggedTensor):
      return keys.with_values(ids)
    return ids


@tf_export(v1=["lookup.StaticVocabularyTable"])
class StaticVocabularyTableV1(StaticVocabularyTable):

  @property
  def initializer(self):
    if self._table is not None:
      return self._table._init_op  # pylint: disable=protected-access
    with ops.name_scope(None, "init"):
      return control_flow_ops.no_op()


def index_table_from_file(vocabulary_file=None,
                          num_oov_buckets=0,
                          vocab_size=None,
                          default_value=-1,
                          hasher_spec=FastHashSpec,
                          key_dtype=dtypes.string,
                          name=None,
                          key_column_index=TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE,
                          value_column_index=TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER,
                          delimiter="\t"):
  """Returns a lookup table that converts a string tensor into int64 IDs.

  This operation constructs a lookup table to convert tensor of strings into
  int64 IDs. The mapping can be initialized from a vocabulary file specified in
  `vocabulary_file`, where the whole line is the key and the zero-based line
  number is the ID.

  Any lookup of an out-of-vocabulary token will return a bucket ID based on its
  hash if `num_oov_buckets` is greater than zero. Otherwise it is assigned the
  `default_value`.
  The bucket ID range is
  `[vocabulary size, vocabulary size + num_oov_buckets - 1]`.

  The underlying table must be initialized by calling
  `session.run(tf.compat.v1.tables_initializer())` or
  `session.run(table.init())` once.

  To specify multi-column vocabulary files, use key_column_index and
  value_column_index and delimiter.

  - TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER means use the line number starting from zero,
    expects data type int64.
  - TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE means use the whole line content, expects data
    type string.
  - A value >=0 means use the index (starting at zero) of the split line based
    on `delimiter`.

  Sample Usages:

  If we have a vocabulary file "test.txt" with the following content:

  ```
  emerson
  lake
  palmer
  ```

  ```python
  features = tf.constant(["emerson", "lake", "and", "palmer"])
  table = tf.lookup.index_table_from_file(
      vocabulary_file="test.txt", num_oov_buckets=1)
  ids = table.lookup(features)
  ...
  tf.compat.v1.tables_initializer().run()

  ids.eval()  ==> [0, 1, 3, 2]  # where 3 is the out-of-vocabulary bucket
  ```

  Args:
    vocabulary_file: The vocabulary filename, may be a constant scalar `Tensor`.
    num_oov_buckets: The number of out-of-vocabulary buckets.
    vocab_size: Number of the elements in the vocabulary, if known.
    default_value: The value to use for out-of-vocabulary feature values.
      Defaults to -1.
    hasher_spec: A `HasherSpec` to specify the hash function to use for
      assignation of out-of-vocabulary buckets.
    key_dtype: The `key` data type.
    name: A name for this op (optional).
    key_column_index: The column index from the text file to get the `key`
      values from. The default is to use the whole line content.
    value_column_index: The column index from the text file to get the `value`
      values from. The default is to use the line number, starting from zero.
    delimiter: The delimiter to separate fields in a line.

  Returns:
    The lookup table to map a `key_dtype` `Tensor` to index `int64` `Tensor`.

  Raises:
    ValueError: If `vocabulary_file` is not set.
    ValueError: If `num_oov_buckets` is negative or `vocab_size` is not greater
      than zero.
  """
  if vocabulary_file is None or (isinstance(vocabulary_file, str) and
                                 not vocabulary_file):
    raise ValueError(
        "`vocabulary_file` must be specified and must not be empty.")
  if num_oov_buckets < 0:
    raise ValueError(
        "num_oov_buckets must be greater or equal than 0, got %d." %
        num_oov_buckets)
  if vocab_size is not None and vocab_size < 1:
    vocab_file_value = vocabulary_file
    if isinstance(vocabulary_file, ops.Tensor):
      vocab_file_value = tensor_util.constant_value(vocabulary_file) or "?"
    raise ValueError("`vocab_size` must be greater than 0, got %d for "
                     "vocabulary_file: %s." % (vocab_size, vocab_file_value))
  if (not key_dtype.is_integer) and (dtypes.string != key_dtype.base_dtype):
    raise TypeError("Dtype for `keys` should be either integer or string.")

  with ops.name_scope(name, "string_to_index"):
    table = None
    with ops.name_scope(None, "hash_table"):
      init = TextFileIdTableInitializer(
          vocabulary_file,
          vocab_size=vocab_size,
          key_dtype=dtypes.int64 if key_dtype.is_integer else key_dtype,
          name="table_init",
          key_column_index=key_column_index,
          value_column_index=value_column_index,
          delimiter=delimiter)

      table = StaticHashTableV1(init, default_value)
    if num_oov_buckets:
      table = IdTableWithHashBuckets(
          table,
          num_oov_buckets=num_oov_buckets,
          hasher_spec=hasher_spec,
          key_dtype=key_dtype)

    return table


def index_table_from_tensor(vocabulary_list,
                            num_oov_buckets=0,
                            default_value=-1,
                            hasher_spec=FastHashSpec,
                            dtype=dtypes.string,
                            name=None):
  """Returns a lookup table that converts a string tensor into int64 IDs.

  This operation constructs a lookup table to convert tensor of strings into
  int64 IDs. The mapping can be initialized from a string `vocabulary_list` 1-D
  tensor where each element is a key and corresponding index within the tensor
  is the value.

  Any lookup of an out-of-vocabulary token will return a bucket ID based on its
  hash if `num_oov_buckets` is greater than zero. Otherwise it is assigned the
  `default_value`. The bucket ID range is
  `[vocabulary list size, vocabulary list size + num_oov_buckets - 1]`.

  The underlying table must be initialized by calling
  `session.run(tf.compat.v1.tables_initializer())` or
  `session.run(table.init())` once.

  Elements in `vocabulary_list` cannot have duplicates, otherwise when executing
  the table initializer op, it will throw a `FailedPreconditionError`.

  Sample Usages:

  ```python
  vocabulary_list = tf.constant(["emerson", "lake", "palmer"])
  table = tf.lookup.index_table_from_tensor(
      vocabulary_list=vocabulary_list, num_oov_buckets=1, default_value=-1)
  features = tf.constant(["emerson", "lake", "and", "palmer"])
  ids = table.lookup(features)
  ...
  tf.compat.v1.tables_initializer().run()

  ids.eval()  ==> [0, 1, 4, 2]
  ```

  Args:
    vocabulary_list: A 1-D `Tensor` that specifies the mapping of keys to
      indices. The type of this object must be castable to `dtype`.
    num_oov_buckets: The number of out-of-vocabulary buckets.
    default_value: The value to use for out-of-vocabulary feature values.
      Defaults to -1.
    hasher_spec: A `HasherSpec` to specify the hash function to use for
      assignment of out-of-vocabulary buckets.
    dtype: The type of values passed to `lookup`. Only string and integers are
      supported.
    name: A name for this op (optional).

  Returns:
    The lookup table to map an input `Tensor` to index `int64` `Tensor`.

  Raises:
    ValueError: If `vocabulary_list` is invalid.
    ValueError: If `num_oov_buckets` is negative.
  """
  if vocabulary_list is None:
    raise ValueError("`vocabulary_list` must be specified.")

  if num_oov_buckets < 0:
    raise ValueError(
        "`num_oov_buckets` must be greater or equal than 0, got %d." %
        num_oov_buckets)

  if (not dtype.is_integer) and (dtypes.string != dtype.base_dtype):
    raise TypeError("`dtype` must either be integer or string.")

  with ops.name_scope(name, "string_to_index"):
    keys = ops.convert_to_tensor(vocabulary_list)
    if keys.dtype.is_integer != dtype.is_integer:
      raise ValueError(
          "Invalid `dtype`: Expected %s, got %s." %
          ("integer" if dtype.is_integer else "non-integer", keys.dtype))
    if (not dtype.is_integer) and (keys.dtype.base_dtype != dtype):
      raise ValueError("Invalid `dtype`: Expected %s, got %s." %
                       (dtype, keys.dtype))
    num_elements = array_ops.size(keys)
    values = math_ops.cast(math_ops.range(num_elements), dtypes.int64)

    with ops.name_scope(None, "hash_table"):
      table_keys = math_ops.cast(
          keys, dtypes.int64) if keys.dtype.is_integer else keys
      init = KeyValueTensorInitializer(
          table_keys,
          values,
          table_keys.dtype.base_dtype,
          dtypes.int64,
          name="table_init")
      table = StaticHashTableV1(init, default_value)
    if num_oov_buckets:
      table = IdTableWithHashBuckets(
          table,
          num_oov_buckets=num_oov_buckets,
          hasher_spec=hasher_spec,
          key_dtype=dtype)
    return table


def index_to_string_table_from_file(vocabulary_file,
                                    vocab_size=None,
                                    default_value="UNK",
                                    name=None,
                                    key_column_index=TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER,
                                    value_column_index=TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE,
                                    delimiter="\t"):
  """Returns a lookup table that maps a `Tensor` of indices into strings.

  This operation constructs a lookup table to map int64 indices into string
  values. The table is initialized from a vocabulary file specified in
  `vocabulary_file`, where the whole line is the value and the
  zero-based line number is the index.

  Any input which does not have a corresponding index in the vocabulary file
  (an out-of-vocabulary entry) is assigned the `default_value`

  The underlying table must be initialized by calling
  `session.run(tf.compat.v1.tables_initializer())` or
  `session.run(table.init())` once.

  To specify multi-column vocabulary files, use key_column_index and
  value_column_index and delimiter.

  - TextFileIndex.LINE_NUMBER means use the line number starting from zero,
    expects data type int64.
  - TextFileIndex.WHOLE_LINE means use the whole line content, expects data
    type string.
  - A value >=0 means use the index (starting at zero) of the split line based
    on `delimiter`.

  Sample Usages:

  If we have a vocabulary file "test.txt" with the following content:

  ```
  emerson
  lake
  palmer
  ```

  ```python
  indices = tf.constant([1, 5], tf.int64)
  table = tf.lookup.index_to_string_table_from_file(
      vocabulary_file="test.txt", default_value="UNKNOWN")
  values = table.lookup(indices)
  ...
  tf.compat.v1.tables_initializer().run()

  values.eval() ==> ["lake", "UNKNOWN"]
  ```

  Args:
    vocabulary_file: The vocabulary filename, may be a constant scalar `Tensor`.
    vocab_size: Number of the elements in the vocabulary, if known.
    default_value: The value to use for out-of-vocabulary indices.
    name: A name for this op (optional).
    key_column_index: The column index from the text file to get the `key`
      values from. The default is to use the line number, starting from zero.
    value_column_index: The column index from the text file to get the `value`
      values from. The default is to use the whole line content.
    delimiter: The delimiter to separate fields in a line.

  Returns:
    The lookup table to map a string values associated to a given index `int64`
    `Tensors`.

  Raises:
    ValueError: when `vocabulary_file` is empty.
    ValueError: when `vocab_size` is invalid.
  """
  if vocabulary_file is None or (isinstance(vocabulary_file, str) and
                                 not vocabulary_file):
    raise ValueError(
        "`vocabulary_file` must be specified and must not be empty.")

  if vocab_size is not None and vocab_size < 1:
    raise ValueError(f"`vocab_size` must be greater than 0, got {vocab_size}.")

  with ops.name_scope(name, "index_to_string"):
    init = TextFileStringTableInitializer(
        vocabulary_file,
        vocab_size=vocab_size,
        name="table_init",
        key_column_index=key_column_index,
        value_column_index=value_column_index,
        delimiter=delimiter)

    # TODO(yleon): Use a more efficient structure.
    return StaticHashTableV1(init, default_value)


def index_to_string_table_from_tensor(vocabulary_list,
                                      default_value="UNK",
                                      name=None):
  """Returns a lookup table that maps a `Tensor` of indices into strings.

  This operation constructs a lookup table to map int64 indices into string
  values. The mapping is initialized from a string `vocabulary_list` 1-D
  `Tensor` where each element is a value and the corresponding index within the
  tensor is the key.

  Any input which does not have a corresponding index in 'vocabulary_list'
  (an out-of-vocabulary entry) is assigned the `default_value`

  The underlying table must be initialized by calling
  `session.run(tf.compat.v1.tables_initializer())` or
  `session.run(table.init())` once.

  Elements in `vocabulary_list` cannot have duplicates, otherwise when executing
  the table initializer op, it will throw a `FailedPreconditionError`.

  Sample Usages:

  ```python
  vocabulary_list = tf.constant(["emerson", "lake", "palmer"])
  indices = tf.constant([1, 5], tf.int64)
  table = tf.lookup.index_to_string_table_from_tensor(
      vocabulary_list, default_value="UNKNOWN")
  values = table.lookup(indices)
  ...
  tf.compat.v1.tables_initializer().run()

  values.eval() ==> ["lake", "UNKNOWN"]
  ```

  Args:
    vocabulary_list: A 1-D string `Tensor` that specifies the strings to map
      from indices.
    default_value: The value to use for out-of-vocabulary indices.
    name: A name for this op (optional).

  Returns:
    The lookup table to map a string values associated to a given index `int64`
    `Tensors`.

  Raises:
    ValueError: when `vocabulary_list` is not set.
  """

  if vocabulary_list is None:
    raise ValueError("`vocabulary_list` argument must be specified.")

  with ops.name_scope(name, "index_to_string"):
    vocabulary_list = ops.convert_to_tensor(vocabulary_list, dtypes.string)
    num_elements = array_ops.size(vocabulary_list)
    keys = math_ops.cast(math_ops.range(num_elements), dtypes.int64)

    init = KeyValueTensorInitializer(
        keys, vocabulary_list, dtypes.int64, dtypes.string, name="table_init")
    # TODO(yleon): Use a more efficient structure.
    return StaticHashTableV1(init, default_value)


@tf_export("lookup.experimental.MutableHashTable")
@saveable_compat.legacy_saveable_name("table")
class MutableHashTable(LookupInterface):
  """A generic mutable hash table implementation.

  Data can be inserted by calling the `insert` method and removed by calling the
  `remove` method. It does not support initialization via the init method.

  `MutableHashTable` requires additional memory during checkpointing and restore
  operations to create temporary key and value tensors.

  Example usage:

  >>> table = tf.lookup.experimental.MutableHashTable(key_dtype=tf.string,
  ...                                                 value_dtype=tf.int64,
  ...                                                 default_value=-1)
  >>> keys_tensor = tf.constant(['a', 'b', 'c'])
  >>> vals_tensor = tf.constant([7, 8, 9], dtype=tf.int64)
  >>> input_tensor = tf.constant(['a', 'f'])
  >>> table.insert(keys_tensor, vals_tensor)
  >>> table.lookup(input_tensor).numpy()
  array([ 7, -1])
  >>> table.remove(tf.constant(['c']))
  >>> table.lookup(keys_tensor).numpy()
  array([ 7, 8, -1])
  >>> sorted(table.export()[0].numpy())
  [b'a', b'b']
  >>> sorted(table.export()[1].numpy())
  [7, 8]
  """

  def __init__(self,
               key_dtype,
               value_dtype,
               default_value,
               name="MutableHashTable",
               checkpoint=True,
               experimental_is_anonymous=False):
    """Creates an empty `MutableHashTable` object.

    Creates a table, the type of its keys and values are specified by key_dtype
    and value_dtype, respectively.

    Args:
      key_dtype: the type of the key tensors.
      value_dtype: the type of the value tensors.
      default_value: The value to use if a key is missing in the table.
      name: A name for the operation (optional).
      checkpoint: if True, the contents of the table are saved to and restored
        from checkpoints. If `shared_name` is empty for a checkpointed table, it
        is shared using the table node name.
      experimental_is_anonymous: Whether to use anonymous mode for the
        table (default is False). In anonymous mode, the table
        resource can only be accessed via a resource handle. It can't
        be looked up by a name. When all resource handles pointing to
        that resource are gone, the resource will be deleted
        automatically.

    Returns:
      A `MutableHashTable` object.

    Raises:
      ValueError: If checkpoint is True and no name was specified.
    """
    self._default_value = ops.convert_to_tensor(
        default_value, dtype=value_dtype)
    self._value_shape = self._default_value.get_shape()
    self._checkpoint = checkpoint
    self._key_dtype = key_dtype
    self._value_dtype = value_dtype
    self._name = name
    self._is_anonymous = experimental_is_anonymous
    if not self._is_anonymous:
      self._shared_name = None
      if context.executing_eagerly():
        # TODO(allenl): This will leak memory due to kernel caching by
        # the shared_name attribute value (but is better than the
        # alternative of sharing everything by default when executing
        # eagerly; hopefully creating tables in a loop is uncommon).
        self._shared_name = "table_%d" % (ops.uid(),)
    super(MutableHashTable, self).__init__(key_dtype, value_dtype)
    self._resource_handle = self._create_resource()
    if checkpoint:
      saveable = MutableHashTable._Saveable(self, name)
      if not context.executing_eagerly():
        ops.add_to_collection(ops.GraphKeys.SAVEABLE_OBJECTS, saveable)

  def _create_resource(self):
    if self._is_anonymous:
      if self._default_value.get_shape().ndims == 0:
        table_ref = gen_lookup_ops.anonymous_mutable_hash_table(
            key_dtype=self._key_dtype,
            value_dtype=self._value_dtype,
            name=self._name)
      else:
        table_ref = gen_lookup_ops.anonymous_mutable_hash_table_of_tensors(
            key_dtype=self._key_dtype,
            value_dtype=self._value_dtype,
            value_shape=self._default_value.get_shape(),
            name=self._name)
    else:
      # The table must be shared if checkpointing is requested for multi-worker
      # training to work correctly. Use the node name if no shared_name has been
      # explicitly specified.
      use_node_name_sharing = self._checkpoint and self._shared_name is None
      if self._default_value.get_shape().ndims == 0:
        table_ref = gen_lookup_ops.mutable_hash_table_v2(
            shared_name=self._shared_name,
            use_node_name_sharing=use_node_name_sharing,
            key_dtype=self._key_dtype,
            value_dtype=self._value_dtype,
            name=self._name)
      else:
        table_ref = gen_lookup_ops.mutable_hash_table_of_tensors_v2(
            shared_name=self._shared_name,
            use_node_name_sharing=use_node_name_sharing,
            key_dtype=self._key_dtype,
            value_dtype=self._value_dtype,
            value_shape=self._default_value.get_shape(),
            name=self._name)

    if context.executing_eagerly():
      self._table_name = None
    else:
      self._table_name = table_ref.op.name.split("/")[-1]
    return table_ref

  @property
  def name(self):
    return self._table_name

  def size(self, name=None):
    """Compute the number of elements in this table.

    Args:
      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      A scalar tensor containing the number of elements in this table.
    """
    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_Size" % self.name, [self.resource_handle]):
      with ops.colocate_with(self.resource_handle):
        return gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_size_v2(self.resource_handle)

  def remove(self, keys, name=None):
    """Removes `keys` and its associated values from the table.

    If a key is not present in the table, it is silently ignored.

    Args:
      keys: Keys to remove. Can be a tensor of any shape. Must match the table's
        key type.
      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      The created Operation.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when `keys` do not match the table data types.
    """
    if keys.dtype != self._key_dtype:
      raise TypeError(f"Dtype of argument `keys` must be {self._key_dtype}, "
                      f"received: {keys.dtype}")

    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_lookup_table_remove" % self.name,
                        (self.resource_handle, keys, self._default_value)):
      op = gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_remove_v2(self.resource_handle, keys)

    return op

  def lookup(self, keys, dynamic_default_values=None, name=None):
    """Looks up `keys` in a table, outputs the corresponding values.

    The `default_value` is used for keys not present in the table.

    Args:
      keys: Keys to look up. Can be a tensor of any shape. Must match the
        table's key_dtype.
      dynamic_default_values: The values to use if a key is missing in the
        table. If None (by default), the `table.default_value` will be used.
        Shape of `dynamic_default_values` must be same with
        `table.default_value` or the lookup result tensor.
        In the latter case, each key will have a different default value.

        For example:

          ```python
          keys = [0, 1, 3]
          dynamic_default_values = [[1, 3, 4], [2, 3, 9], [8, 3, 0]]

          # The key '0' will use [1, 3, 4] as default value.
          # The key '1' will use [2, 3, 9] as default value.
          # The key '3' will use [8, 3, 0] as default value.
          ```

      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      A tensor containing the values in the same shape as `keys` using the
        table's value type.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when `keys` do not match the table data types.
    """
    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_lookup_table_find" % self.name,
                        (self.resource_handle, keys, self._default_value)):
      keys = ops.convert_to_tensor(keys, dtype=self._key_dtype, name="keys")
      with ops.colocate_with(self.resource_handle):
        values = gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_find_v2(
            self.resource_handle, keys, dynamic_default_values
            if dynamic_default_values is not None else self._default_value)
    return values

  def insert(self, keys, values, name=None):
    """Associates `keys` with `values`.

    Args:
      keys: Keys to insert. Can be a tensor of any shape. Must match the table's
        key type.
      values: Values to be associated with keys. Must be a tensor of the same
        shape as `keys` and match the table's value type.
      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      The created Operation.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when `keys` or `values` doesn't match the table data
        types.
    """
    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_lookup_table_insert" % self.name,
                        [self.resource_handle, keys, values]):
      keys = ops.convert_to_tensor(keys, self._key_dtype, name="keys")
      values = ops.convert_to_tensor(values, self._value_dtype, name="values")
      with ops.colocate_with(self.resource_handle):
        # pylint: disable=protected-access
        op = gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_insert_v2(self.resource_handle, keys,
                                                   values)
    return op

  def export(self, name=None):
    """Returns tensors of all keys and values in the table.

    Args:
      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      A pair of tensors with the first tensor containing all keys and the
        second tensors containing all values in the table.
    """
    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_lookup_table_export_values" % self.name,
                        [self.resource_handle]):
      with ops.colocate_with(self.resource_handle):
        exported_keys, exported_values = gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_export_v2(
            self.resource_handle, self._key_dtype, self._value_dtype)
    return exported_keys, exported_values

  def _serialize_to_tensors(self):
    """Implements checkpointing protocols for `Trackable`."""
    tensors = self.export()
    return {"-keys": tensors[0], "-values": tensors[1]}

  def _restore_from_tensors(self, restored_tensors):
    """Implements checkpointing protocols for `Trackable`."""
    with ops.name_scope("%s_table_restore" % self._name):
      with ops.colocate_with(self.resource_handle):
        return gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_import_v2(
            self.resource_handle,
            restored_tensors["-keys"],
            restored_tensors["-values"])

    # This class is needed for `MutableHashTable(checkpoint=True)`.
  class _Saveable(BaseSaverBuilder.SaveableObject):
    """SaveableObject implementation for DenseHashTable."""

    def __init__(self, table, name, table_name=None):
      tensors = table.export()
      specs = [
          BaseSaverBuilder.SaveSpec(tensors[0], "", name + "-keys"),
          BaseSaverBuilder.SaveSpec(tensors[1], "", name + "-values")
      ]
      self.table_name = table_name or name
      # pylint: disable=protected-access
      super(MutableHashTable._Saveable, self).__init__(table, specs, name)

    def restore(self, restored_tensors, restored_shapes):
      del restored_shapes  # unused
      # pylint: disable=protected-access
      with ops.name_scope("%s_table_restore" % self.table_name):
        with ops.colocate_with(self.op.resource_handle):
          return gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_import_v2(self.op.resource_handle,
                                                       restored_tensors[0],
                                                       restored_tensors[1])


@tf_export("lookup.experimental.DenseHashTable")
@saveable_compat.legacy_saveable_name("table")
class DenseHashTable(LookupInterface):
  """A mutable hash table with faster lookups and higher memory usage.

  Data can be inserted by calling the `insert` method and removed by calling the
  `remove` method. It does not support initialization via the init method.

  Compared to `MutableHashTable`, `DenseHashTable` offers generally faster
  `insert`, `remove` and `lookup` operations, in exchange for a higher overall
  memory footprint.

  It uses "open addressing" with quadratic reprobing to resolve collisions. This
  requires specifying two keys in the key space, `empty_key` and `deleted_key`,
  that can never inserted into the table.

  Unlike `MutableHashTable`, `DenseHashTable` does not require additional memory
  for temporary tensors created during checkpointing and restore operations.

  Example usage:

  >>> table = tf.lookup.experimental.DenseHashTable(
  ...     key_dtype=tf.string,
  ...     value_dtype=tf.int64,
  ...     default_value=-1,
  ...     empty_key='',
  ...     deleted_key='$')
  >>> keys = tf.constant(['a', 'b', 'c'])
  >>> values = tf.constant([0, 1, 2], dtype=tf.int64)
  >>> table.insert(keys, values)
  >>> table.remove(tf.constant(['c']))
  >>> table.lookup(tf.constant(['a', 'b', 'c','d'])).numpy()
  array([ 0,  1, -1, -1])
  """

  # TODO(andreasst): consider extracting common code with MutableHashTable into
  # a common superclass.
  def __init__(self,
               key_dtype,
               value_dtype,
               default_value,
               empty_key,
               deleted_key,
               initial_num_buckets=None,
               name="MutableDenseHashTable",
               checkpoint=True,
               experimental_is_anonymous=False):
    """Creates an empty `DenseHashTable` object.

    Creates a table, the type of its keys and values are specified by key_dtype
    and value_dtype, respectively.

    Args:
      key_dtype: the type of the key tensors.
      value_dtype: the type of the value tensors.
      default_value: The value to use if a key is missing in the table.
      empty_key: the key to use to represent empty buckets internally. Must not
        be used in insert, remove or lookup operations.
      deleted_key: the key to use to represent deleted buckets internally. Must
        not be used in insert, remove or lookup operations and be different from
        the empty_key.
      initial_num_buckets: the initial number of buckets (optional,
        default to 2^17=131072). Note that the default value is
        relatively large (~1MB), so if you are going to create many
        tables (likely the case when `experimental_is_anonymous` is
        `True`), you should set `initial_num_buckets` to a smaller
        value to reduce memory usage.
      name: A name for the operation (optional).
      checkpoint: if True, the contents of the table are saved to and restored
        from checkpoints. If `shared_name` is empty for a checkpointed table, it
        is shared using the table node name.
      experimental_is_anonymous: Whether to use anonymous mode for the
        table (default is False). In anonymous mode, the table
        resource can only be accessed via a resource handle. It can't
        be looked up by a name. When all resource handles pointing to
        that resource are gone, the resource will be deleted
        automatically.

    Returns:
      A `DenseHashTable` object.

    Raises:
      ValueError: If checkpoint is True and no name was specified.
    """
    self._default_value = ops.convert_to_tensor(
        default_value, dtype=value_dtype, name="default_value")
    self._key_dtype = key_dtype
    self._value_dtype = value_dtype
    # TODO(b/201578996): Pick a good default for initial_num_buckets
    #   other than 2^17.
    self._initial_num_buckets = initial_num_buckets
    self._value_shape = self._default_value.get_shape()
    self._checkpoint = checkpoint
    self._name = name
    self._empty_key = empty_key
    self._deleted_key = deleted_key
    self._is_anonymous = experimental_is_anonymous
    if not self._is_anonymous:
      self._shared_name = None
      if context.executing_eagerly():
        # TODO(allenl): This will leak memory due to kernel caching by
        # the shared_name attribute value (but is better than the
        # alternative of sharing everything by default when executing
        # eagerly; hopefully creating tables in a loop is uncommon).
        self._shared_name = "table_%d" % (ops.uid(),)
    super(DenseHashTable, self).__init__(key_dtype, value_dtype)
    self._resource_handle = self._create_resource()
    if checkpoint:
      saveable = DenseHashTable._Saveable(self, name)
      if not context.executing_eagerly():
        ops.add_to_collection(ops.GraphKeys.SAVEABLE_OBJECTS, saveable)

  def _create_resource(self):
    empty_key = ops.convert_to_tensor(
        self._empty_key, dtype=self._key_dtype, name="empty_key")
    deleted_key = ops.convert_to_tensor(
        self._deleted_key, dtype=self._key_dtype, name="deleted_key")
    if self._is_anonymous:
      table_ref = gen_lookup_ops.anonymous_mutable_dense_hash_table(
          empty_key=empty_key,
          deleted_key=deleted_key,
          value_dtype=self._value_dtype,
          value_shape=self._value_shape,
          initial_num_buckets=self._initial_num_buckets,
          name=self._name)
    else:
      # The table must be shared if checkpointing is requested for multi-worker
      # training to work correctly. Use the node name if no shared_name has been
      # explicitly specified.
      use_node_name_sharing = self._checkpoint and self._shared_name is None
      table_ref = gen_lookup_ops.mutable_dense_hash_table_v2(
          empty_key=empty_key,
          deleted_key=deleted_key,
          shared_name=self._shared_name,
          use_node_name_sharing=use_node_name_sharing,
          value_dtype=self._value_dtype,
          value_shape=self._value_shape,
          initial_num_buckets=self._initial_num_buckets,
          name=self._name)
    if context.executing_eagerly():
      self._table_name = None
    else:
      self._table_name = table_ref.op.name.split("/")[-1]
    return table_ref

  @property
  def name(self):
    return self._table_name

  def size(self, name=None):
    """Compute the number of elements in this table.

    Args:
      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      A scalar tensor containing the number of elements in this table.
    """
    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_Size" % self.name, [self.resource_handle]):
      with ops.colocate_with(self.resource_handle):
        return gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_size_v2(self.resource_handle)

  def lookup(self, keys, name=None):
    """Looks up `keys` in a table, outputs the corresponding values.

    The `default_value` is used for keys not present in the table.

    Args:
      keys: Keys to look up. Can be a tensor of any shape. Must match the
        table's key_dtype.
      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      A tensor containing the values in the same shape as `keys` using the
        table's value type.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when `keys` do not match the table data types.
    """
    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_lookup_table_find" % self.name,
                        [self.resource_handle, keys]):
      keys = ops.convert_to_tensor(keys, dtype=self._key_dtype, name="keys")
      with ops.colocate_with(self.resource_handle):
        values = gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_find_v2(self.resource_handle, keys,
                                                     self._default_value)

    return values

  def insert_or_assign(self, keys, values, name=None):
    """Associates `keys` with `values`.

    Args:
      keys: Keys to insert. Can be a tensor of any shape. Must match the table's
        key type.
      values: Values to be associated with keys. Must be a tensor of the same
        shape as `keys` and match the table's value type.
      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      The created Operation.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when `keys` or `values` doesn't match the table data
        types.
    """
    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_lookup_table_insert" % self.name,
                        [self.resource_handle, keys, values]):
      keys = ops.convert_to_tensor(keys, dtype=self._key_dtype, name="keys")
      values = ops.convert_to_tensor(
          values, dtype=self._value_dtype, name="values")
      with ops.colocate_with(self.resource_handle):
        op = gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_insert_v2(self.resource_handle, keys,
                                                   values)
      return op

  def insert(self, keys, values, name=None):
    """Associates `keys` with `values`.

    Args:
      keys: Keys to insert. Can be a tensor of any shape. Must match the table's
        key type.
      values: Values to be associated with keys. Must be a tensor of the same
        shape as `keys` and match the table's value type.
      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      The created Operation.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when `keys` or `values` doesn't match the table data
        types.
    """
    return self.insert_or_assign(keys, values, name)

  def erase(self, keys, name=None):
    """Removes `keys` and its associated values from the table.

    If a key is not present in the table, it is silently ignored.

    Args:
      keys: Keys to remove. Can be a tensor of any shape. Must match the table's
        key type.
      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      The created Operation.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when `keys` do not match the table data types.
    """
    if keys.dtype != self._key_dtype:
      raise TypeError("Signature mismatch. Keys must be dtype %s, got %s." %
                      (self._key_dtype, keys.dtype))

    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_lookup_table_remove" % self.name,
                        (self.resource_handle, keys, self._default_value)):
      # pylint: disable=protected-access
      op = gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_remove_v2(self.resource_handle, keys)

    return op

  def remove(self, keys, name=None):
    """Removes `keys` and its associated values from the table.

    If a key is not present in the table, it is silently ignored.

    Args:
      keys: Keys to remove. Can be a tensor of any shape. Must match the table's
        key type.
      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      The created Operation.

    Raises:
      TypeError: when `keys` do not match the table data types.
    """
    return self.erase(keys, name)

  def export(self, name=None):
    """Returns tensors of all keys and values in the table.

    Args:
      name: A name for the operation (optional).

    Returns:
      A pair of tensors with the first tensor containing all keys and the
        second tensors containing all values in the table.
    """
    with ops.name_scope(name, "%s_lookup_table_export_values" % self.name,
                        [self.resource_handle]):
      with ops.colocate_with(self.resource_handle):
        exported_keys, exported_values = gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_export_v2(
            self.resource_handle, self._key_dtype, self._value_dtype)

    return exported_keys, exported_values

  def _serialize_to_tensors(self):
    """Implements checkpointing interface in `Trackable`."""
    tensors = self.export()
    return {"-keys": tensors[0], "-values": tensors[1]}

  def _restore_from_tensors(self, restored_tensors):
    """Implements checkpointing interface in `Trackable`."""
    with ops.name_scope("%s_table_restore" % self._name):
      with ops.colocate_with(self.resource_handle):
        return gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_import_v2(
            self.resource_handle,
            restored_tensors["-keys"],
            restored_tensors["-values"])

  # This class is needed for `DenseHashTable(checkpoint=True)`.
  class _Saveable(BaseSaverBuilder.SaveableObject):
    """SaveableObject implementation for DenseHashTable."""

    def __init__(self, table, name, table_name=None):
      tensors = table.export()
      specs = [
          BaseSaverBuilder.SaveSpec(tensors[0], "", name + "-keys"),
          BaseSaverBuilder.SaveSpec(tensors[1], "", name + "-values")
      ]
      self.table_name = table_name or name
      # pylint: disable=protected-access
      super(DenseHashTable._Saveable, self).__init__(table, specs, name)

    def restore(self, restored_tensors, restored_shapes):
      del restored_shapes  # unused
      # pylint: disable=protected-access
      with ops.name_scope("%s_table_restore" % self.table_name):
        with ops.colocate_with(self.op.resource_handle):
          return gen_lookup_ops.lookup_table_import_v2(self.op.resource_handle,
                                                       restored_tensors[0],
                                                       restored_tensors[1])


ops.NotDifferentiable("LookupTableFind")
ops.NotDifferentiable("LookupTableFindV2")
ops.NotDifferentiable("LookupTableInsert")
ops.NotDifferentiable("LookupTableInsertV2")
ops.NotDifferentiable("LookupTableSize")
ops.NotDifferentiable("LookupTableSizeV2")
ops.NotDifferentiable("HashTable")
ops.NotDifferentiable("HashTableV2")
ops.NotDifferentiable("InitializeTable")
ops.NotDifferentiable("InitializeTableV2")
ops.NotDifferentiable("InitializeTableFromTextFile")
ops.NotDifferentiable("InitializeTableFromTextFileV2")
ops.NotDifferentiable("MutableDenseHashTable")
ops.NotDifferentiable("MutableDenseHashTableV2")
ops.NotDifferentiable("MutableHashTable")
ops.NotDifferentiable("MutableHashTableV2")
ops.NotDifferentiable("MutableHashTableOfTensors")
ops.NotDifferentiable("MutableHashTableOfTensorsV2")