Further simplify the implementations of the TypeVarLikes (#176)

src/typing_extensions.py

diff --git a/src/typing_extensions.py b/src/typing_extensions.py
index 00644d5..7866555 100644
--- a/src/typing_extensions.py
+++ b/src/typing_extensions.py
@@ -1371,18 +1371,21 @@
     __init__ = _set_default
 
 
+# Classes using this metaclass must provide a _backported_typevarlike ClassVar
 class _TypeVarLikeMeta(type):
     def __instancecheck__(cls, __instance: Any) -> bool:
         return isinstance(__instance, cls._backported_typevarlike)
 
 
 # Add default and infer_variance parameters from PEP 696 and 695
-class _TypeVarMeta(_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+class TypeVar(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+    """Type variable."""
+
     _backported_typevarlike = typing.TypeVar
 
-    def __call__(self, name, *constraints, bound=None,
-                 covariant=False, contravariant=False,
-                 default=_marker, infer_variance=False):
+    def __new__(cls, name, *constraints, bound=None,
+                covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                default=_marker, infer_variance=False):
         if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
             # PEP 695 implemented, can pass infer_variance to typing.TypeVar
             typevar = typing.TypeVar(name, *constraints, bound=bound,
@@ -1398,10 +1401,6 @@
         _set_module(typevar)
         return typevar
 
-
-class TypeVar(metaclass=_TypeVarMeta):
-    """Type variable."""
-
     def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
         raise TypeError(f"type '{__name__}.TypeVar' is not an acceptable base type")
 
@@ -1472,12 +1471,14 @@
 if hasattr(typing, 'ParamSpec'):
 
     # Add default parameter - PEP 696
-    class _ParamSpecMeta(_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+    class ParamSpec(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Parameter specification."""
+
         _backported_typevarlike = typing.ParamSpec
 
-        def __call__(self, name, *, bound=None,
-                     covariant=False, contravariant=False,
-                     infer_variance=False, default=_marker):
+        def __new__(cls, name, *, bound=None,
+                    covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                    infer_variance=False, default=_marker):
             if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
                 # PEP 695 implemented, can pass infer_variance to typing.TypeVar
                 paramspec = typing.ParamSpec(name, bound=bound,
@@ -1494,9 +1495,6 @@
             _set_module(paramspec)
             return paramspec
 
-    class ParamSpec(metaclass=_ParamSpecMeta):
-        """Parameter specification."""
-
         def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
             raise TypeError(f"type '{__name__}.ParamSpec' is not an acceptable base type")
 
@@ -2105,18 +2103,17 @@
 if hasattr(typing, "TypeVarTuple"):  # 3.11+
 
     # Add default parameter - PEP 696
-    class _TypeVarTupleMeta(_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+    class TypeVarTuple(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Type variable tuple."""
+
         _backported_typevarlike = typing.TypeVarTuple
 
-        def __call__(self, name, *, default=_marker):
+        def __new__(cls, name, *, default=_marker):
             tvt = typing.TypeVarTuple(name)
             _set_default(tvt, default)
             _set_module(tvt)
             return tvt
 
-    class TypeVarTuple(metaclass=_TypeVarTupleMeta):
-        """Type variable tuple."""
-
         def __init_subclass__(self, *args, **kwds):
             raise TypeError("Cannot subclass special typing classes")