mypy/meet.py

from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Callable

from mypy import join
from mypy.erasetype import erase_type
from mypy.maptype import map_instance_to_supertype
from mypy.state import state
from mypy.subtypes import (
    is_callable_compatible,
    is_equivalent,
    is_proper_subtype,
    is_same_type,
    is_subtype,
)
from mypy.typeops import is_recursive_pair, make_simplified_union, tuple_fallback
from mypy.types import (
    MYPYC_NATIVE_INT_NAMES,
    TUPLE_LIKE_INSTANCE_NAMES,
    AnyType,
    CallableType,
    DeletedType,
    ErasedType,
    FunctionLike,
    Instance,
    LiteralType,
    NoneType,
    Overloaded,
    Parameters,
    ParamSpecType,
    PartialType,
    ProperType,
    TupleType,
    Type,
    TypeAliasType,
    TypedDictType,
    TypeGuardedType,
    TypeOfAny,
    TypeType,
    TypeVarLikeType,
    TypeVarTupleType,
    TypeVarType,
    TypeVisitor,
    UnboundType,
    UninhabitedType,
    UnionType,
    UnpackType,
    find_unpack_in_list,
    get_proper_type,
    get_proper_types,
    split_with_prefix_and_suffix,
)

# TODO Describe this module.


def trivial_meet(s: Type, t: Type) -> ProperType:
    """Return one of types (expanded) if it is a subtype of other, otherwise bottom type."""
    if is_subtype(s, t):
        return get_proper_type(s)
    elif is_subtype(t, s):
        return get_proper_type(t)
    else:
        if state.strict_optional:
            return UninhabitedType()
        else:
            return NoneType()


def meet_types(s: Type, t: Type) -> ProperType:
    """Return the greatest lower bound of two types."""
    if is_recursive_pair(s, t):
        # This case can trigger an infinite recursion, general support for this will be
        # tricky, so we use a trivial meet (like for protocols).
        return trivial_meet(s, t)
    s = get_proper_type(s)
    t = get_proper_type(t)

    if isinstance(s, Instance) and isinstance(t, Instance) and s.type == t.type:
        # Code in checker.py should merge any extra_items where possible, so we
        # should have only compatible extra_items here. We check this before
        # the below subtype check, so that extra_attrs will not get erased.
        if (s.extra_attrs or t.extra_attrs) and is_same_type(s, t):
            if s.extra_attrs and t.extra_attrs:
                if len(s.extra_attrs.attrs) > len(t.extra_attrs.attrs):
                    # Return the one that has more precise information.
                    return s
                return t
            if s.extra_attrs:
                return s
            return t

    if not isinstance(s, UnboundType) and not isinstance(t, UnboundType):
        if is_proper_subtype(s, t, ignore_promotions=True):
            return s
        if is_proper_subtype(t, s, ignore_promotions=True):
            return t

    if isinstance(s, ErasedType):
        return s
    if isinstance(s, AnyType):
        return t
    if isinstance(s, UnionType) and not isinstance(t, UnionType):
        s, t = t, s

    # Meets/joins require callable type normalization.
    s, t = join.normalize_callables(s, t)

    return t.accept(TypeMeetVisitor(s))


def narrow_declared_type(declared: Type, narrowed: Type) -> Type:
    """Return the declared type narrowed down to another type."""
    # TODO: check infinite recursion for aliases here.
    if isinstance(narrowed, TypeGuardedType):  # type: ignore[misc]
        # A type guard forces the new type even if it doesn't overlap the old.
        return narrowed.type_guard

    original_declared = declared
    original_narrowed = narrowed
    declared = get_proper_type(declared)
    narrowed = get_proper_type(narrowed)

    if declared == narrowed:
        return original_declared
    if isinstance(declared, UnionType):
        return make_simplified_union(
            [
                narrow_declared_type(x, narrowed)
                for x in declared.relevant_items()
                # This (ugly) special-casing is needed to support checking
                # branches like this:
                # x: Union[float, complex]
                # if isinstance(x, int):
                #     ...
                if (
                    is_overlapping_types(x, narrowed, ignore_promotions=True)
                    or is_subtype(narrowed, x, ignore_promotions=False)
                )
            ]
        )
    if is_enum_overlapping_union(declared, narrowed):
        return original_narrowed
    elif not is_overlapping_types(declared, narrowed, prohibit_none_typevar_overlap=True):
        if state.strict_optional:
            return UninhabitedType()
        else:
            return NoneType()
    elif isinstance(narrowed, UnionType):
        return make_simplified_union(
            [narrow_declared_type(declared, x) for x in narrowed.relevant_items()]
        )
    elif isinstance(narrowed, AnyType):
        return original_narrowed
    elif isinstance(narrowed, TypeVarType) and is_subtype(narrowed.upper_bound, declared):
        return narrowed
    elif isinstance(declared, TypeType) and isinstance(narrowed, TypeType):
        return TypeType.make_normalized(narrow_declared_type(declared.item, narrowed.item))
    elif (
        isinstance(declared, TypeType)
        and isinstance(narrowed, Instance)
        and narrowed.type.is_metaclass()
    ):
        # We'd need intersection types, so give up.
        return original_declared
    elif isinstance(declared, Instance):
        if declared.type.alt_promote:
            # Special case: low-level integer type can't be narrowed
            return original_declared
        if (
            isinstance(narrowed, Instance)
            and narrowed.type.alt_promote
            and narrowed.type.alt_promote.type is declared.type
        ):
            # Special case: 'int' can't be narrowed down to a native int type such as
            # i64, since they have different runtime representations.
            return original_declared
        return meet_types(original_declared, original_narrowed)
    elif isinstance(declared, (TupleType, TypeType, LiteralType)):
        return meet_types(original_declared, original_narrowed)
    elif isinstance(declared, TypedDictType) and isinstance(narrowed, Instance):
        # Special case useful for selecting TypedDicts from unions using isinstance(x, dict).
        if narrowed.type.fullname == "builtins.dict" and all(
            isinstance(t, AnyType) for t in get_proper_types(narrowed.args)
        ):
            return original_declared
        return meet_types(original_declared, original_narrowed)
    return original_narrowed


def get_possible_variants(typ: Type) -> list[Type]:
    """This function takes any "Union-like" type and returns a list of the available "options".

    Specifically, there are currently exactly three different types that can have
    "variants" or are "union-like":

    - Unions
    - TypeVars with value restrictions
    - Overloads

    This function will return a list of each "option" present in those types.

    If this function receives any other type, we return a list containing just that
    original type. (E.g. pretend the type was contained within a singleton union).

    The only current exceptions are regular TypeVars and ParamSpecs. For these "TypeVarLike"s,
    we return a list containing that TypeVarLike's upper bound.

    This function is useful primarily when checking to see if two types are overlapping:
    the algorithm to check if two unions are overlapping is fundamentally the same as
    the algorithm for checking if two overloads are overlapping.

    Normalizing both kinds of types in the same way lets us reuse the same algorithm
    for both.
    """
    typ = get_proper_type(typ)

    if isinstance(typ, TypeVarType):
        if len(typ.values) > 0:
            return typ.values
        else:
            return [typ.upper_bound]
    elif isinstance(typ, ParamSpecType):
        return [typ.upper_bound]
    elif isinstance(typ, TypeVarTupleType):
        return [typ.upper_bound]
    elif isinstance(typ, UnionType):
        return list(typ.items)
    elif isinstance(typ, Overloaded):
        # Note: doing 'return typ.items()' makes mypy
        # infer a too-specific return type of List[CallableType]
        return list(typ.items)
    else:
        return [typ]


def is_enum_overlapping_union(x: ProperType, y: ProperType) -> bool:
    """Return True if x is an Enum, and y is an Union with at least one Literal from x"""
    return (
        isinstance(x, Instance)
        and x.type.is_enum
        and isinstance(y, UnionType)
        and any(
            isinstance(p, LiteralType) and x.type == p.fallback.type
            for p in (get_proper_type(z) for z in y.relevant_items())
        )
    )


def is_literal_in_union(x: ProperType, y: ProperType) -> bool:
    """Return True if x is a Literal and y is an Union that includes x"""
    return (
        isinstance(x, LiteralType)
        and isinstance(y, UnionType)
        and any(x == get_proper_type(z) for z in y.items)
    )


def is_overlapping_types(
    left: Type,
    right: Type,
    ignore_promotions: bool = False,
    prohibit_none_typevar_overlap: bool = False,
    ignore_uninhabited: bool = False,
    seen_types: set[tuple[Type, Type]] | None = None,
) -> bool:
    """Can a value of type 'left' also be of type 'right' or vice-versa?

    If 'ignore_promotions' is True, we ignore promotions while checking for overlaps.
    If 'prohibit_none_typevar_overlap' is True, we disallow None from overlapping with
    TypeVars (in both strict-optional and non-strict-optional mode).
    """
    if isinstance(left, TypeGuardedType) or isinstance(  # type: ignore[misc]
        right, TypeGuardedType
    ):
        # A type guard forces the new type even if it doesn't overlap the old.
        return True

    if seen_types is None:
        seen_types = set()
    if (left, right) in seen_types:
        return True
    if isinstance(left, TypeAliasType) and isinstance(right, TypeAliasType):
        seen_types.add((left, right))

    left, right = get_proper_types((left, right))

    def _is_overlapping_types(left: Type, right: Type) -> bool:
        """Encode the kind of overlapping check to perform.

        This function mostly exists, so we don't have to repeat keyword arguments everywhere.
        """
        return is_overlapping_types(
            left,
            right,
            ignore_promotions=ignore_promotions,
            prohibit_none_typevar_overlap=prohibit_none_typevar_overlap,
            ignore_uninhabited=ignore_uninhabited,
            seen_types=seen_types.copy(),
        )

    # We should never encounter this type.
    if isinstance(left, PartialType) or isinstance(right, PartialType):
        assert False, "Unexpectedly encountered partial type"

    # We should also never encounter these types, but it's possible a few
    # have snuck through due to unrelated bugs. For now, we handle these
    # in the same way we handle 'Any'.
    #
    # TODO: Replace these with an 'assert False' once we are more confident.
    illegal_types = (UnboundType, ErasedType, DeletedType)
    if isinstance(left, illegal_types) or isinstance(right, illegal_types):
        return True

    # When running under non-strict optional mode, simplify away types of
    # the form 'Union[A, B, C, None]' into just 'Union[A, B, C]'.

    if not state.strict_optional:
        if isinstance(left, UnionType):
            left = UnionType.make_union(left.relevant_items())
        if isinstance(right, UnionType):
            right = UnionType.make_union(right.relevant_items())
        left, right = get_proper_types((left, right))

    # 'Any' may or may not be overlapping with the other type
    if isinstance(left, AnyType) or isinstance(right, AnyType):
        return True

    # We check for complete overlaps next as a general-purpose failsafe.
    # If this check fails, we start checking to see if there exists a
    # *partial* overlap between types.
    #
    # These checks will also handle the NoneType and UninhabitedType cases for us.

    # enums are sometimes expanded into an Union of Literals
    # when that happens we want to make sure we treat the two as overlapping
    # and crucially, we want to do that *fast* in case the enum is large
    # so we do it before expanding variants below to avoid O(n**2) behavior
    if (
        is_enum_overlapping_union(left, right)
        or is_enum_overlapping_union(right, left)
        or is_literal_in_union(left, right)
        or is_literal_in_union(right, left)
    ):
        return True

    if is_proper_subtype(
        left, right, ignore_promotions=ignore_promotions, ignore_uninhabited=ignore_uninhabited
    ) or is_proper_subtype(
        right, left, ignore_promotions=ignore_promotions, ignore_uninhabited=ignore_uninhabited
    ):
        return True

    # See the docstring for 'get_possible_variants' for more info on what the
    # following lines are doing.

    left_possible = get_possible_variants(left)
    right_possible = get_possible_variants(right)

    # First handle special cases relating to PEP 612:
    # - comparing a `Parameters` to a `Parameters`
    # - comparing a `Parameters` to a `ParamSpecType`
    # - comparing a `ParamSpecType` to a `ParamSpecType`
    #
    # These should all always be considered overlapping equality checks.
    # These need to be done before we move on to other TypeVarLike comparisons.
    if isinstance(left, (Parameters, ParamSpecType)) and isinstance(
        right, (Parameters, ParamSpecType)
    ):
        return True
    # A `Parameters` does not overlap with anything else, however
    if isinstance(left, Parameters) or isinstance(right, Parameters):
        return False

    # Now move on to checking multi-variant types like Unions. We also perform
    # the same logic if either type happens to be a TypeVar/ParamSpec/TypeVarTuple.
    #
    # Handling the TypeVarLikes now lets us simulate having them bind to the corresponding
    # type -- if we deferred these checks, the "return-early" logic of the other
    # checks will prevent us from detecting certain overlaps.
    #
    # If both types are singleton variants (and are not TypeVarLikes), we've hit the base case:
    # we skip these checks to avoid infinitely recursing.

    def is_none_typevarlike_overlap(t1: Type, t2: Type) -> bool:
        t1, t2 = get_proper_types((t1, t2))
        return isinstance(t1, NoneType) and isinstance(t2, TypeVarLikeType)

    if prohibit_none_typevar_overlap:
        if is_none_typevarlike_overlap(left, right) or is_none_typevarlike_overlap(right, left):
            return False

    if (
        len(left_possible) > 1
        or len(right_possible) > 1
        or isinstance(left, TypeVarLikeType)
        or isinstance(right, TypeVarLikeType)
    ):
        for l in left_possible:
            for r in right_possible:
                if _is_overlapping_types(l, r):
                    return True
        return False

    # Now that we've finished handling TypeVarLikes, we're free to end early
    # if one one of the types is None and we're running in strict-optional mode.
    # (None only overlaps with None in strict-optional mode).
    #
    # We must perform this check after the TypeVarLike checks because
    # a TypeVar could be bound to None, for example.

    if state.strict_optional and isinstance(left, NoneType) != isinstance(right, NoneType):
        return False

    # Next, we handle single-variant types that may be inherently partially overlapping:
    #
    # - TypedDicts
    # - Tuples
    #
    # If we cannot identify a partial overlap and end early, we degrade these two types
    # into their 'Instance' fallbacks.

    if isinstance(left, TypedDictType) and isinstance(right, TypedDictType):
        return are_typed_dicts_overlapping(left, right, ignore_promotions=ignore_promotions)
    elif typed_dict_mapping_pair(left, right):
        # Overlaps between TypedDicts and Mappings require dedicated logic.
        return typed_dict_mapping_overlap(left, right, overlapping=_is_overlapping_types)
    elif isinstance(left, TypedDictType):
        left = left.fallback
    elif isinstance(right, TypedDictType):
        right = right.fallback

    if is_tuple(left) and is_tuple(right):
        return are_tuples_overlapping(left, right, ignore_promotions=ignore_promotions)
    elif isinstance(left, TupleType):
        left = tuple_fallback(left)
    elif isinstance(right, TupleType):
        right = tuple_fallback(right)

    # Next, we handle single-variant types that cannot be inherently partially overlapping,
    # but do require custom logic to inspect.
    #
    # As before, we degrade into 'Instance' whenever possible.

    if isinstance(left, TypeType) and isinstance(right, TypeType):
        return _is_overlapping_types(left.item, right.item)

    def _type_object_overlap(left: Type, right: Type) -> bool:
        """Special cases for type object types overlaps."""
        # TODO: these checks are a bit in gray area, adjust if they cause problems.
        left, right = get_proper_types((left, right))
        # 1. Type[C] vs Callable[..., C] overlap even if the latter is not class object.
        if isinstance(left, TypeType) and isinstance(right, CallableType):
            return _is_overlapping_types(left.item, right.ret_type)
        # 2. Type[C] vs Meta, where Meta is a metaclass for C.
        if isinstance(left, TypeType) and isinstance(right, Instance):
            if isinstance(left.item, Instance):
                left_meta = left.item.type.metaclass_type
                if left_meta is not None:
                    return _is_overlapping_types(left_meta, right)
                # builtins.type (default metaclass) overlaps with all metaclasses
                return right.type.has_base("builtins.type")
            elif isinstance(left.item, AnyType):
                return right.type.has_base("builtins.type")
        # 3. Callable[..., C] vs Meta is considered below, when we switch to fallbacks.
        return False

    if isinstance(left, TypeType) or isinstance(right, TypeType):
        return _type_object_overlap(left, right) or _type_object_overlap(right, left)

    if isinstance(left, CallableType) and isinstance(right, CallableType):
        return is_callable_compatible(
            left,
            right,
            is_compat=_is_overlapping_types,
            is_proper_subtype=False,
            ignore_pos_arg_names=True,
            allow_partial_overlap=True,
        )
    elif isinstance(left, CallableType):
        left = left.fallback
    elif isinstance(right, CallableType):
        right = right.fallback

    if isinstance(left, LiteralType) and isinstance(right, LiteralType):
        if left.value == right.value:
            # If values are the same, we still need to check if fallbacks are overlapping,
            # this is done below.
            left = left.fallback
            right = right.fallback
        else:
            return False
    elif isinstance(left, LiteralType):
        left = left.fallback
    elif isinstance(right, LiteralType):
        right = right.fallback

    # Finally, we handle the case where left and right are instances.

    if isinstance(left, Instance) and isinstance(right, Instance):
        # First we need to handle promotions and structural compatibility for instances
        # that came as fallbacks, so simply call is_subtype() to avoid code duplication.
        if is_subtype(
            left, right, ignore_promotions=ignore_promotions, ignore_uninhabited=ignore_uninhabited
        ) or is_subtype(
            right, left, ignore_promotions=ignore_promotions, ignore_uninhabited=ignore_uninhabited
        ):
            return True

        if right.type.fullname == "builtins.int" and left.type.fullname in MYPYC_NATIVE_INT_NAMES:
            return True

        # Two unrelated types cannot be partially overlapping: they're disjoint.
        if left.type.has_base(right.type.fullname):
            left = map_instance_to_supertype(left, right.type)
        elif right.type.has_base(left.type.fullname):
            right = map_instance_to_supertype(right, left.type)
        else:
            return False

        if len(left.args) == len(right.args):
            # Note: we don't really care about variance here, since the overlapping check
            # is symmetric and since we want to return 'True' even for partial overlaps.
            #
            # For example, suppose we have two types Wrapper[Parent] and Wrapper[Child].
            # It doesn't matter whether Wrapper is covariant or contravariant since
            # either way, one of the two types will overlap with the other.
            #
            # Similarly, if Wrapper was invariant, the two types could still be partially
            # overlapping -- what if Wrapper[Parent] happened to contain only instances of
            # specifically Child?
            #
            # Or, to use a more concrete example, List[Union[A, B]] and List[Union[B, C]]
            # would be considered partially overlapping since it's possible for both lists
            # to contain only instances of B at runtime.
            if all(
                _is_overlapping_types(left_arg, right_arg)
                for left_arg, right_arg in zip(left.args, right.args)
            ):
                return True

        return False

    # We ought to have handled every case by now: we conclude the
    # two types are not overlapping, either completely or partially.
    #
    # Note: it's unclear however, whether returning False is the right thing
    # to do when inferring reachability -- see  https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/5529

    assert type(left) != type(right), f"{type(left)} vs {type(right)}"
    return False


def is_overlapping_erased_types(
    left: Type, right: Type, *, ignore_promotions: bool = False
) -> bool:
    """The same as 'is_overlapping_erased_types', except the types are erased first."""
    return is_overlapping_types(
        erase_type(left),
        erase_type(right),
        ignore_promotions=ignore_promotions,
        prohibit_none_typevar_overlap=True,
    )


def are_typed_dicts_overlapping(
    left: TypedDictType,
    right: TypedDictType,
    *,
    ignore_promotions: bool = False,
    prohibit_none_typevar_overlap: bool = False,
) -> bool:
    """Returns 'true' if left and right are overlapping TypeDictTypes."""
    # All required keys in left are present and overlapping with something in right
    for key in left.required_keys:
        if key not in right.items:
            return False
        if not is_overlapping_types(
            left.items[key],
            right.items[key],
            ignore_promotions=ignore_promotions,
            prohibit_none_typevar_overlap=prohibit_none_typevar_overlap,
        ):
            return False

    # Repeat check in the other direction
    for key in right.required_keys:
        if key not in left.items:
            return False
        if not is_overlapping_types(
            left.items[key], right.items[key], ignore_promotions=ignore_promotions
        ):
            return False

    # The presence of any additional optional keys does not affect whether the two
    # TypedDicts are partially overlapping: the dicts would be overlapping if the
    # keys happened to be missing.
    return True


def are_tuples_overlapping(
    left: Type,
    right: Type,
    *,
    ignore_promotions: bool = False,
    prohibit_none_typevar_overlap: bool = False,
) -> bool:
    """Returns true if left and right are overlapping tuples."""
    left, right = get_proper_types((left, right))
    left = adjust_tuple(left, right) or left
    right = adjust_tuple(right, left) or right
    assert isinstance(left, TupleType), f"Type {left} is not a tuple"
    assert isinstance(right, TupleType), f"Type {right} is not a tuple"
    if len(left.items) != len(right.items):
        return False
    return all(
        is_overlapping_types(
            l,
            r,
            ignore_promotions=ignore_promotions,
            prohibit_none_typevar_overlap=prohibit_none_typevar_overlap,
        )
        for l, r in zip(left.items, right.items)
    )


def adjust_tuple(left: ProperType, r: ProperType) -> TupleType | None:
    """Find out if `left` is a Tuple[A, ...], and adjust its length to `right`"""
    if isinstance(left, Instance) and left.type.fullname == "builtins.tuple":
        n = r.length() if isinstance(r, TupleType) else 1
        return TupleType([left.args[0]] * n, left)
    return None


def is_tuple(typ: Type) -> bool:
    typ = get_proper_type(typ)
    return isinstance(typ, TupleType) or (
        isinstance(typ, Instance) and typ.type.fullname == "builtins.tuple"
    )


class TypeMeetVisitor(TypeVisitor[ProperType]):
    def __init__(self, s: ProperType) -> None:
        self.s = s

    def visit_unbound_type(self, t: UnboundType) -> ProperType:
        if isinstance(self.s, NoneType):
            if state.strict_optional:
                return AnyType(TypeOfAny.special_form)
            else:
                return self.s
        elif isinstance(self.s, UninhabitedType):
            return self.s
        else:
            return AnyType(TypeOfAny.special_form)

    def visit_any(self, t: AnyType) -> ProperType:
        return self.s

    def visit_union_type(self, t: UnionType) -> ProperType:
        if isinstance(self.s, UnionType):
            meets: list[Type] = []
            for x in t.items:
                for y in self.s.items:
                    meets.append(meet_types(x, y))
        else:
            meets = [meet_types(x, self.s) for x in t.items]
        return make_simplified_union(meets)

    def visit_none_type(self, t: NoneType) -> ProperType:
        if state.strict_optional:
            if isinstance(self.s, NoneType) or (
                isinstance(self.s, Instance) and self.s.type.fullname == "builtins.object"
            ):
                return t
            else:
                return UninhabitedType()
        else:
            return t

    def visit_uninhabited_type(self, t: UninhabitedType) -> ProperType:
        return t

    def visit_deleted_type(self, t: DeletedType) -> ProperType:
        if isinstance(self.s, NoneType):
            if state.strict_optional:
                return t
            else:
                return self.s
        elif isinstance(self.s, UninhabitedType):
            return self.s
        else:
            return t

    def visit_erased_type(self, t: ErasedType) -> ProperType:
        return self.s

    def visit_type_var(self, t: TypeVarType) -> ProperType:
        if isinstance(self.s, TypeVarType) and self.s.id == t.id:
            return self.s
        else:
            return self.default(self.s)

    def visit_param_spec(self, t: ParamSpecType) -> ProperType:
        if self.s == t:
            return self.s
        else:
            return self.default(self.s)

    def visit_type_var_tuple(self, t: TypeVarTupleType) -> ProperType:
        if isinstance(self.s, TypeVarTupleType) and self.s.id == t.id:
            return self.s if self.s.min_len > t.min_len else t
        else:
            return self.default(self.s)

    def visit_unpack_type(self, t: UnpackType) -> ProperType:
        raise NotImplementedError

    def visit_parameters(self, t: Parameters) -> ProperType:
        if isinstance(self.s, Parameters):
            if len(t.arg_types) != len(self.s.arg_types):
                return self.default(self.s)
            from mypy.join import join_types

            return t.copy_modified(
                arg_types=[join_types(s_a, t_a) for s_a, t_a in zip(self.s.arg_types, t.arg_types)]
            )
        else:
            return self.default(self.s)

    def visit_instance(self, t: Instance) -> ProperType:
        if isinstance(self.s, Instance):
            if t.type == self.s.type:
                if is_subtype(t, self.s) or is_subtype(self.s, t):
                    # Combine type arguments. We could have used join below
                    # equivalently.
                    args: list[Type] = []
                    # N.B: We use zip instead of indexing because the lengths might have
                    # mismatches during daemon reprocessing.
                    if t.type.has_type_var_tuple_type:
                        # We handle meet of variadic instances by simply creating correct mapping
                        # for type arguments and compute the individual meets same as for regular
                        # instances. All the heavy lifting is done in the meet of tuple types.
                        s = self.s
                        assert s.type.type_var_tuple_prefix is not None
                        assert s.type.type_var_tuple_suffix is not None
                        prefix = s.type.type_var_tuple_prefix
                        suffix = s.type.type_var_tuple_suffix
                        tvt = s.type.defn.type_vars[prefix]
                        assert isinstance(tvt, TypeVarTupleType)
                        fallback = tvt.tuple_fallback
                        s_prefix, s_middle, s_suffix = split_with_prefix_and_suffix(
                            s.args, prefix, suffix
                        )
                        t_prefix, t_middle, t_suffix = split_with_prefix_and_suffix(
                            t.args, prefix, suffix
                        )
                        s_args = s_prefix + (TupleType(list(s_middle), fallback),) + s_suffix
                        t_args = t_prefix + (TupleType(list(t_middle), fallback),) + t_suffix
                    else:
                        t_args = t.args
                        s_args = self.s.args
                    for ta, sa, tv in zip(t_args, s_args, t.type.defn.type_vars):
                        meet = self.meet(ta, sa)
                        if isinstance(tv, TypeVarTupleType):
                            # Correctly unpack possible outcomes of meets of tuples: it can be
                            # either another tuple type or Never (normalized as *tuple[Never, ...])
                            if isinstance(meet, TupleType):
                                args.extend(meet.items)
                                continue
                            else:
                                assert isinstance(meet, UninhabitedType)
                                meet = UnpackType(tv.tuple_fallback.copy_modified(args=[meet]))
                        args.append(meet)
                    return Instance(t.type, args)
                else:
                    if state.strict_optional:
                        return UninhabitedType()
                    else:
                        return NoneType()
            else:
                alt_promote = t.type.alt_promote
                if alt_promote and alt_promote.type is self.s.type:
                    return t
                alt_promote = self.s.type.alt_promote
                if alt_promote and alt_promote.type is t.type:
                    return self.s
                if is_subtype(t, self.s):
                    return t
                elif is_subtype(self.s, t):
                    # See also above comment.
                    return self.s
                else:
                    if state.strict_optional:
                        return UninhabitedType()
                    else:
                        return NoneType()
        elif isinstance(self.s, FunctionLike) and t.type.is_protocol:
            call = join.unpack_callback_protocol(t)
            if call:
                return meet_types(call, self.s)
        elif isinstance(self.s, FunctionLike) and self.s.is_type_obj() and t.type.is_metaclass():
            if is_subtype(self.s.fallback, t):
                return self.s
            return self.default(self.s)
        elif isinstance(self.s, TypeType):
            return meet_types(t, self.s)
        elif isinstance(self.s, TupleType):
            return meet_types(t, self.s)
        elif isinstance(self.s, LiteralType):
            return meet_types(t, self.s)
        elif isinstance(self.s, TypedDictType):
            return meet_types(t, self.s)
        return self.default(self.s)

    def visit_callable_type(self, t: CallableType) -> ProperType:
        if isinstance(self.s, CallableType) and join.is_similar_callables(t, self.s):
            if is_equivalent(t, self.s):
                return join.combine_similar_callables(t, self.s)
            result = meet_similar_callables(t, self.s)
            # We set the from_type_type flag to suppress error when a collection of
            # concrete class objects gets inferred as their common abstract superclass.
            if not (
                (t.is_type_obj() and t.type_object().is_abstract)
                or (self.s.is_type_obj() and self.s.type_object().is_abstract)
            ):
                result.from_type_type = True
            if isinstance(get_proper_type(result.ret_type), UninhabitedType):
                # Return a plain None or <uninhabited> instead of a weird function.
                return self.default(self.s)
            return result
        elif isinstance(self.s, TypeType) and t.is_type_obj() and not t.is_generic():
            # In this case we are able to potentially produce a better meet.
            res = meet_types(self.s.item, t.ret_type)
            if not isinstance(res, (NoneType, UninhabitedType)):
                return TypeType.make_normalized(res)
            return self.default(self.s)
        elif isinstance(self.s, Instance) and self.s.type.is_protocol:
            call = join.unpack_callback_protocol(self.s)
            if call:
                return meet_types(t, call)
        return self.default(self.s)

    def visit_overloaded(self, t: Overloaded) -> ProperType:
        # TODO: Implement a better algorithm that covers at least the same cases
        # as TypeJoinVisitor.visit_overloaded().
        s = self.s
        if isinstance(s, FunctionLike):
            if s.items == t.items:
                return Overloaded(t.items)
            elif is_subtype(s, t):
                return s
            elif is_subtype(t, s):
                return t
            else:
                return meet_types(t.fallback, s.fallback)
        elif isinstance(self.s, Instance) and self.s.type.is_protocol:
            call = join.unpack_callback_protocol(self.s)
            if call:
                return meet_types(t, call)
        return meet_types(t.fallback, s)

    def meet_tuples(self, s: TupleType, t: TupleType) -> list[Type] | None:
        """Meet two tuple types while handling variadic entries.

        This is surprisingly tricky, and we don't handle some tricky corner cases.
        Most of the trickiness comes from the variadic tuple items like *tuple[X, ...]
        since they can have arbitrary partial overlaps (while *Ts can't be split). This
        function is roughly a mirror of join_tuples() w.r.t. to the fact that fixed
        tuples are subtypes of variadic ones but not vice versa.
        """
        s_unpack_index = find_unpack_in_list(s.items)
        t_unpack_index = find_unpack_in_list(t.items)
        if s_unpack_index is None and t_unpack_index is None:
            if s.length() == t.length():
                items: list[Type] = []
                for i in range(t.length()):
                    items.append(self.meet(t.items[i], s.items[i]))
                return items
            return None
        if s_unpack_index is not None and t_unpack_index is not None:
            # The only simple case we can handle if both tuples are variadic
            # is when their structure fully matches. Other cases are tricky because
            # a variadic item is effectively a union of tuples of all length, thus
            # potentially causing overlap between a suffix in `s` and a prefix
            # in `t` (see how this is handled in is_subtype() for details).
            # TODO: handle more cases (like when both prefix/suffix are shorter in s or t).
            if s.length() == t.length() and s_unpack_index == t_unpack_index:
                unpack_index = s_unpack_index
                s_unpack = s.items[unpack_index]
                assert isinstance(s_unpack, UnpackType)
                s_unpacked = get_proper_type(s_unpack.type)
                t_unpack = t.items[unpack_index]
                assert isinstance(t_unpack, UnpackType)
                t_unpacked = get_proper_type(t_unpack.type)
                if not (isinstance(s_unpacked, Instance) and isinstance(t_unpacked, Instance)):
                    return None
                meet = self.meet(s_unpacked, t_unpacked)
                if not isinstance(meet, Instance):
                    return None
                m_prefix: list[Type] = []
                for si, ti in zip(s.items[:unpack_index], t.items[:unpack_index]):
                    m_prefix.append(meet_types(si, ti))
                m_suffix: list[Type] = []
                for si, ti in zip(s.items[unpack_index + 1 :], t.items[unpack_index + 1 :]):
                    m_suffix.append(meet_types(si, ti))
                return m_prefix + [UnpackType(meet)] + m_suffix
            return None
        if s_unpack_index is not None:
            variadic = s
            unpack_index = s_unpack_index
            fixed = t
        else:
            assert t_unpack_index is not None
            variadic = t
            unpack_index = t_unpack_index
            fixed = s
        # If one tuple is variadic one, and the other one is fixed, the meet will be fixed.
        unpack = variadic.items[unpack_index]
        assert isinstance(unpack, UnpackType)
        unpacked = get_proper_type(unpack.type)
        if not isinstance(unpacked, Instance):
            return None
        if fixed.length() < variadic.length() - 1:
            return None
        prefix_len = unpack_index
        suffix_len = variadic.length() - prefix_len - 1
        prefix, middle, suffix = split_with_prefix_and_suffix(
            tuple(fixed.items), prefix_len, suffix_len
        )
        items = []
        for fi, vi in zip(prefix, variadic.items[:prefix_len]):
            items.append(self.meet(fi, vi))
        for mi in middle:
            items.append(self.meet(mi, unpacked.args[0]))
        if suffix_len:
            for fi, vi in zip(suffix, variadic.items[-suffix_len:]):
                items.append(self.meet(fi, vi))
        return items

    def visit_tuple_type(self, t: TupleType) -> ProperType:
        if isinstance(self.s, TupleType):
            items = self.meet_tuples(self.s, t)
            if items is None:
                return self.default(self.s)
            # TODO: What if the fallbacks are different?
            return TupleType(items, tuple_fallback(t))
        elif isinstance(self.s, Instance):
            # meet(Tuple[t1, t2, <...>], Tuple[s, ...]) == Tuple[meet(t1, s), meet(t2, s), <...>].
            if self.s.type.fullname in TUPLE_LIKE_INSTANCE_NAMES and self.s.args:
                return t.copy_modified(items=[meet_types(it, self.s.args[0]) for it in t.items])
            elif is_proper_subtype(t, self.s):
                # A named tuple that inherits from a normal class
                return t
            elif self.s.type.has_type_var_tuple_type and is_subtype(t, self.s):
                # This is a bit ad-hoc but more principled handling is tricky, and this
                # special case is important for type narrowing in binder to work.
                return t
        return self.default(self.s)

    def visit_typeddict_type(self, t: TypedDictType) -> ProperType:
        if isinstance(self.s, TypedDictType):
            for name, l, r in self.s.zip(t):
                if not is_equivalent(l, r) or (name in t.required_keys) != (
                    name in self.s.required_keys
                ):
                    return self.default(self.s)
            item_list: list[tuple[str, Type]] = []
            for item_name, s_item_type, t_item_type in self.s.zipall(t):
                if s_item_type is not None:
                    item_list.append((item_name, s_item_type))
                else:
                    # at least one of s_item_type and t_item_type is not None
                    assert t_item_type is not None
                    item_list.append((item_name, t_item_type))
            items = dict(item_list)
            fallback = self.s.create_anonymous_fallback()
            required_keys = t.required_keys | self.s.required_keys
            return TypedDictType(items, required_keys, fallback)
        elif isinstance(self.s, Instance) and is_subtype(t, self.s):
            return t
        else:
            return self.default(self.s)

    def visit_literal_type(self, t: LiteralType) -> ProperType:
        if isinstance(self.s, LiteralType) and self.s == t:
            return t
        elif isinstance(self.s, Instance) and is_subtype(t.fallback, self.s):
            return t
        else:
            return self.default(self.s)

    def visit_partial_type(self, t: PartialType) -> ProperType:
        # We can't determine the meet of partial types. We should never get here.
        assert False, "Internal error"

    def visit_type_type(self, t: TypeType) -> ProperType:
        if isinstance(self.s, TypeType):
            typ = self.meet(t.item, self.s.item)
            if not isinstance(typ, NoneType):
                typ = TypeType.make_normalized(typ, line=t.line)
            return typ
        elif isinstance(self.s, Instance) and self.s.type.fullname == "builtins.type":
            return t
        elif isinstance(self.s, CallableType):
            return self.meet(t, self.s)
        else:
            return self.default(self.s)

    def visit_type_alias_type(self, t: TypeAliasType) -> ProperType:
        assert False, f"This should be never called, got {t}"

    def meet(self, s: Type, t: Type) -> ProperType:
        return meet_types(s, t)

    def default(self, typ: Type) -> ProperType:
        if isinstance(typ, UnboundType):
            return AnyType(TypeOfAny.special_form)
        else:
            if state.strict_optional:
                return UninhabitedType()
            else:
                return NoneType()


def meet_similar_callables(t: CallableType, s: CallableType) -> CallableType:
    from mypy.join import safe_join

    arg_types: list[Type] = []
    for i in range(len(t.arg_types)):
        arg_types.append(safe_join(t.arg_types[i], s.arg_types[i]))
    # TODO in combine_similar_callables also applies here (names and kinds)
    # The fallback type can be either 'function' or 'type'. The result should have 'function' as
    # fallback only if both operands have it as 'function'.
    if t.fallback.type.fullname != "builtins.function":
        fallback = t.fallback
    else:
        fallback = s.fallback
    return t.copy_modified(
        arg_types=arg_types,
        ret_type=meet_types(t.ret_type, s.ret_type),
        fallback=fallback,
        name=None,
    )


def meet_type_list(types: list[Type]) -> Type:
    if not types:
        # This should probably be builtins.object but that is hard to get and
        # it doesn't matter for any current users.
        return AnyType(TypeOfAny.implementation_artifact)
    met = types[0]
    for t in types[1:]:
        met = meet_types(met, t)
    return met


def typed_dict_mapping_pair(left: Type, right: Type) -> bool:
    """Is this a pair where one type is a TypedDict and another one is an instance of Mapping?

    This case requires a precise/principled consideration because there are two use cases
    that push the boundary the opposite ways: we need to avoid spurious overlaps to avoid
    false positives for overloads, but we also need to avoid spuriously non-overlapping types
    to avoid false positives with --strict-equality.
    """
    left, right = get_proper_types((left, right))
    assert not isinstance(left, TypedDictType) or not isinstance(right, TypedDictType)

    if isinstance(left, TypedDictType):
        _, other = left, right
    elif isinstance(right, TypedDictType):
        _, other = right, left
    else:
        return False
    return isinstance(other, Instance) and other.type.has_base("typing.Mapping")


def typed_dict_mapping_overlap(
    left: Type, right: Type, overlapping: Callable[[Type, Type], bool]
) -> bool:
    """Check if a TypedDict type is overlapping with a Mapping.

    The basic logic here consists of two rules:

    * A TypedDict with some required keys is overlapping with Mapping[str, <some type>]
      if and only if every key type is overlapping with <some type>. For example:

      - TypedDict(x=int, y=str) overlaps with Dict[str, Union[str, int]]
      - TypedDict(x=int, y=str) doesn't overlap with Dict[str, int]

      Note that any additional non-required keys can't change the above result.

    * A TypedDict with no required keys overlaps with Mapping[str, <some type>] if and
      only if at least one of key types overlaps with <some type>. For example:

      - TypedDict(x=str, y=str, total=False) overlaps with Dict[str, str]
      - TypedDict(x=str, y=str, total=False) doesn't overlap with Dict[str, int]
      - TypedDict(x=int, y=str, total=False) overlaps with Dict[str, str]

    As usual empty, dictionaries lie in a gray area. In general, List[str] and List[str]
    are considered non-overlapping despite empty list belongs to both. However, List[int]
    and List[Never] are considered overlapping.

    So here we follow the same logic: a TypedDict with no required keys is considered
    non-overlapping with Mapping[str, <some type>], but is considered overlapping with
    Mapping[Never, Never]. This way we avoid false positives for overloads, and also
    avoid false positives for comparisons like SomeTypedDict == {} under --strict-equality.
    """
    left, right = get_proper_types((left, right))
    assert not isinstance(left, TypedDictType) or not isinstance(right, TypedDictType)

    if isinstance(left, TypedDictType):
        assert isinstance(right, Instance)
        typed, other = left, right
    else:
        assert isinstance(left, Instance)
        assert isinstance(right, TypedDictType)
        typed, other = right, left

    mapping = next(base for base in other.type.mro if base.fullname == "typing.Mapping")
    other = map_instance_to_supertype(other, mapping)
    key_type, value_type = get_proper_types(other.args)

    # TODO: is there a cleaner way to get str_type here?
    fallback = typed.as_anonymous().fallback
    str_type = fallback.type.bases[0].args[0]  # typing._TypedDict inherits Mapping[str, object]

    # Special case: a TypedDict with no required keys overlaps with an empty dict.
    if isinstance(key_type, UninhabitedType) and isinstance(value_type, UninhabitedType):
        return not typed.required_keys

    if typed.required_keys:
        if not overlapping(key_type, str_type):
            return False
        return all(overlapping(typed.items[k], value_type) for k in typed.required_keys)
    else:
        if not overlapping(key_type, str_type):
            return False
        non_required = set(typed.items.keys()) - typed.required_keys
        return any(overlapping(typed.items[k], value_type) for k in non_required)