astroid/builder.py

# Licensed under the LGPL: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.en.html
# For details: https://github.com/pylint-dev/astroid/blob/main/LICENSE
# Copyright (c) https://github.com/pylint-dev/astroid/blob/main/CONTRIBUTORS.txt

"""The AstroidBuilder makes astroid from living object and / or from _ast.

The builder is not thread safe and can't be used to parse different sources
at the same time.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import ast
import os
import textwrap
import types
from collections.abc import Iterator, Sequence
from io import TextIOWrapper
from tokenize import detect_encoding

from astroid import bases, modutils, nodes, raw_building, rebuilder, util
from astroid._ast import ParserModule, get_parser_module
from astroid.exceptions import AstroidBuildingError, AstroidSyntaxError, InferenceError
from astroid.manager import AstroidManager

# The name of the transient function that is used to
# wrap expressions to be extracted when calling
# extract_node.
_TRANSIENT_FUNCTION = "__"

# The comment used to select a statement to be extracted
# when calling extract_node.
_STATEMENT_SELECTOR = "#@"
MISPLACED_TYPE_ANNOTATION_ERROR = "misplaced type annotation"


def open_source_file(filename: str) -> tuple[TextIOWrapper, str, str]:
    # pylint: disable=consider-using-with
    with open(filename, "rb") as byte_stream:
        encoding = detect_encoding(byte_stream.readline)[0]
    stream = open(filename, newline=None, encoding=encoding)
    data = stream.read()
    return stream, encoding, data


def _can_assign_attr(node: nodes.ClassDef, attrname: str | None) -> bool:
    try:
        slots = node.slots()
    except NotImplementedError:
        pass
    else:
        if slots and attrname not in {slot.value for slot in slots}:
            return False
    return node.qname() != "builtins.object"


class AstroidBuilder(raw_building.InspectBuilder):
    """Class for building an astroid tree from source code or from a live module.

    The param *manager* specifies the manager class which should be used.
    If no manager is given, then the default one will be used. The
    param *apply_transforms* determines if the transforms should be
    applied after the tree was built from source or from a live object,
    by default being True.
    """

    def __init__(
        self, manager: AstroidManager | None = None, apply_transforms: bool = True
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(manager)
        self._apply_transforms = apply_transforms
        if not raw_building.InspectBuilder.bootstrapped:
            raw_building._astroid_bootstrapping()

    def module_build(
        self, module: types.ModuleType, modname: str | None = None
    ) -> nodes.Module:
        """Build an astroid from a living module instance."""
        node = None
        path = getattr(module, "__file__", None)
        loader = getattr(module, "__loader__", None)
        # Prefer the loader to get the source rather than assuming we have a
        # filesystem to read the source file from ourselves.
        if loader:
            modname = modname or module.__name__
            source = loader.get_source(modname)
            if source:
                node = self.string_build(source, modname, path=path)
        if node is None and path is not None:
            path_, ext = os.path.splitext(modutils._path_from_filename(path))
            if ext in {".py", ".pyc", ".pyo"} and os.path.exists(path_ + ".py"):
                node = self.file_build(path_ + ".py", modname)
        if node is None:
            # this is a built-in module
            # get a partial representation by introspection
            node = self.inspect_build(module, modname=modname, path=path)
            if self._apply_transforms:
                # We have to handle transformation by ourselves since the
                # rebuilder isn't called for builtin nodes
                node = self._manager.visit_transforms(node)
        assert isinstance(node, nodes.Module)
        return node

    def file_build(self, path: str, modname: str | None = None) -> nodes.Module:
        """Build astroid from a source code file (i.e. from an ast).

        *path* is expected to be a python source file
        """
        try:
            stream, encoding, data = open_source_file(path)
        except OSError as exc:
            raise AstroidBuildingError(
                "Unable to load file {path}:\n{error}",
                modname=modname,
                path=path,
                error=exc,
            ) from exc
        except (SyntaxError, LookupError) as exc:
            raise AstroidSyntaxError(
                "Python 3 encoding specification error or unknown encoding:\n"
                "{error}",
                modname=modname,
                path=path,
                error=exc,
            ) from exc
        except UnicodeError as exc:  # wrong encoding
            # detect_encoding returns utf-8 if no encoding specified
            raise AstroidBuildingError(
                "Wrong or no encoding specified for {filename}.", filename=path
            ) from exc
        with stream:
            # get module name if necessary
            if modname is None:
                try:
                    modname = ".".join(modutils.modpath_from_file(path))
                except ImportError:
                    modname = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(path))[0]
            # build astroid representation
            module, builder = self._data_build(data, modname, path)
            return self._post_build(module, builder, encoding)

    def string_build(
        self, data: str, modname: str = "", path: str | None = None
    ) -> nodes.Module:
        """Build astroid from source code string."""
        module, builder = self._data_build(data, modname, path)
        module.file_bytes = data.encode("utf-8")
        return self._post_build(module, builder, "utf-8")

    def _post_build(
        self, module: nodes.Module, builder: rebuilder.TreeRebuilder, encoding: str
    ) -> nodes.Module:
        """Handles encoding and delayed nodes after a module has been built."""
        module.file_encoding = encoding
        self._manager.cache_module(module)
        # post tree building steps after we stored the module in the cache:
        for from_node in builder._import_from_nodes:
            if from_node.modname == "__future__":
                for symbol, _ in from_node.names:
                    module.future_imports.add(symbol)
            self.add_from_names_to_locals(from_node)
        # handle delayed assattr nodes
        for delayed in builder._delayed_assattr:
            self.delayed_assattr(delayed)

        # Visit the transforms
        if self._apply_transforms:
            module = self._manager.visit_transforms(module)
        return module

    def _data_build(
        self, data: str, modname: str, path: str | None
    ) -> tuple[nodes.Module, rebuilder.TreeRebuilder]:
        """Build tree node from data and add some informations."""
        try:
            node, parser_module = _parse_string(data, type_comments=True)
        except (TypeError, ValueError, SyntaxError) as exc:
            raise AstroidSyntaxError(
                "Parsing Python code failed:\n{error}",
                source=data,
                modname=modname,
                path=path,
                error=exc,
            ) from exc

        if path is not None:
            node_file = os.path.abspath(path)
        else:
            node_file = "<?>"
        if modname.endswith(".__init__"):
            modname = modname[:-9]
            package = True
        else:
            package = (
                path is not None
                and os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(path))[0] == "__init__"
            )
        builder = rebuilder.TreeRebuilder(self._manager, parser_module, data)
        module = builder.visit_module(node, modname, node_file, package)
        return module, builder

    def add_from_names_to_locals(self, node: nodes.ImportFrom) -> None:
        """Store imported names to the locals.

        Resort the locals if coming from a delayed node
        """

        def _key_func(node: nodes.NodeNG) -> int:
            return node.fromlineno or 0

        def sort_locals(my_list: list[nodes.NodeNG]) -> None:
            my_list.sort(key=_key_func)

        assert node.parent  # It should always default to the module
        for name, asname in node.names:
            if name == "*":
                try:
                    imported = node.do_import_module()
                except AstroidBuildingError:
                    continue
                for name in imported.public_names():
                    node.parent.set_local(name, node)
                    sort_locals(node.parent.scope().locals[name])  # type: ignore[arg-type]
            else:
                node.parent.set_local(asname or name, node)
                sort_locals(node.parent.scope().locals[asname or name])  # type: ignore[arg-type]

    def delayed_assattr(self, node: nodes.AssignAttr) -> None:
        """Visit a AssAttr node.

        This adds name to locals and handle members definition.
        """
        from astroid import objects  # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel

        try:
            for inferred in node.expr.infer():
                if isinstance(inferred, util.UninferableBase):
                    continue
                try:
                    # pylint: disable=unidiomatic-typecheck # We want a narrow check on the
                    # parent type, not all of its subclasses
                    if (
                        type(inferred) == bases.Instance
                        or type(inferred) == objects.ExceptionInstance
                    ):
                        inferred = inferred._proxied
                        iattrs = inferred.instance_attrs
                        if not _can_assign_attr(inferred, node.attrname):
                            continue
                    elif isinstance(inferred, bases.Instance):
                        # Const, Tuple or other containers that inherit from
                        # `Instance`
                        continue
                    elif isinstance(inferred, (bases.Proxy, util.UninferableBase)):
                        continue
                    elif inferred.is_function:
                        iattrs = inferred.instance_attrs
                    else:
                        iattrs = inferred.locals
                except AttributeError:
                    # XXX log error
                    continue
                values = iattrs.setdefault(node.attrname, [])
                if node in values:
                    continue
                values.append(node)
        except InferenceError:
            pass


def build_namespace_package_module(name: str, path: Sequence[str]) -> nodes.Module:
    module = nodes.Module(name, path=path, package=True)
    module.postinit(body=[], doc_node=None)
    return module


def parse(
    code: str,
    module_name: str = "",
    path: str | None = None,
    apply_transforms: bool = True,
) -> nodes.Module:
    """Parses a source string in order to obtain an astroid AST from it.

    :param str code: The code for the module.
    :param str module_name: The name for the module, if any
    :param str path: The path for the module
    :param bool apply_transforms:
        Apply the transforms for the give code. Use it if you
        don't want the default transforms to be applied.
    """
    code = textwrap.dedent(code)
    builder = AstroidBuilder(
        manager=AstroidManager(), apply_transforms=apply_transforms
    )
    return builder.string_build(code, modname=module_name, path=path)


def _extract_expressions(node: nodes.NodeNG) -> Iterator[nodes.NodeNG]:
    """Find expressions in a call to _TRANSIENT_FUNCTION and extract them.

    The function walks the AST recursively to search for expressions that
    are wrapped into a call to _TRANSIENT_FUNCTION. If it finds such an
    expression, it completely removes the function call node from the tree,
    replacing it by the wrapped expression inside the parent.

    :param node: An astroid node.
    :type node:  astroid.bases.NodeNG
    :yields: The sequence of wrapped expressions on the modified tree
    expression can be found.
    """
    if (
        isinstance(node, nodes.Call)
        and isinstance(node.func, nodes.Name)
        and node.func.name == _TRANSIENT_FUNCTION
    ):
        real_expr = node.args[0]
        assert node.parent
        real_expr.parent = node.parent
        # Search for node in all _astng_fields (the fields checked when
        # get_children is called) of its parent. Some of those fields may
        # be lists or tuples, in which case the elements need to be checked.
        # When we find it, replace it by real_expr, so that the AST looks
        # like no call to _TRANSIENT_FUNCTION ever took place.
        for name in node.parent._astroid_fields:
            child = getattr(node.parent, name)
            if isinstance(child, list):
                for idx, compound_child in enumerate(child):
                    if compound_child is node:
                        child[idx] = real_expr
            elif child is node:
                setattr(node.parent, name, real_expr)
        yield real_expr
    else:
        for child in node.get_children():
            yield from _extract_expressions(child)


def _find_statement_by_line(node: nodes.NodeNG, line: int) -> nodes.NodeNG | None:
    """Extracts the statement on a specific line from an AST.

    If the line number of node matches line, it will be returned;
    otherwise its children are iterated and the function is called
    recursively.

    :param node: An astroid node.
    :type node: astroid.bases.NodeNG
    :param line: The line number of the statement to extract.
    :type line: int
    :returns: The statement on the line, or None if no statement for the line
      can be found.
    :rtype:  astroid.bases.NodeNG or None
    """
    if isinstance(node, (nodes.ClassDef, nodes.FunctionDef, nodes.MatchCase)):
        # This is an inaccuracy in the AST: the nodes that can be
        # decorated do not carry explicit information on which line
        # the actual definition (class/def), but .fromline seems to
        # be close enough.
        node_line = node.fromlineno
    else:
        node_line = node.lineno

    if node_line == line:
        return node

    for child in node.get_children():
        result = _find_statement_by_line(child, line)
        if result:
            return result

    return None


def extract_node(code: str, module_name: str = "") -> nodes.NodeNG | list[nodes.NodeNG]:
    """Parses some Python code as a module and extracts a designated AST node.

    Statements:
     To extract one or more statement nodes, append #@ to the end of the line

     Examples:
       >>> def x():
       >>>   def y():
       >>>     return 1 #@

       The return statement will be extracted.

       >>> class X(object):
       >>>   def meth(self): #@
       >>>     pass

      The function object 'meth' will be extracted.

    Expressions:
     To extract arbitrary expressions, surround them with the fake
     function call __(...). After parsing, the surrounded expression
     will be returned and the whole AST (accessible via the returned
     node's parent attribute) will look like the function call was
     never there in the first place.

     Examples:
       >>> a = __(1)

       The const node will be extracted.

       >>> def x(d=__(foo.bar)): pass

       The node containing the default argument will be extracted.

       >>> def foo(a, b):
       >>>   return 0 < __(len(a)) < b

       The node containing the function call 'len' will be extracted.

    If no statements or expressions are selected, the last toplevel
    statement will be returned.

    If the selected statement is a discard statement, (i.e. an expression
    turned into a statement), the wrapped expression is returned instead.

    For convenience, singleton lists are unpacked.

    :param str code: A piece of Python code that is parsed as
    a module. Will be passed through textwrap.dedent first.
    :param str module_name: The name of the module.
    :returns: The designated node from the parse tree, or a list of nodes.
    """

    def _extract(node: nodes.NodeNG | None) -> nodes.NodeNG | None:
        if isinstance(node, nodes.Expr):
            return node.value

        return node

    requested_lines: list[int] = []
    for idx, line in enumerate(code.splitlines()):
        if line.strip().endswith(_STATEMENT_SELECTOR):
            requested_lines.append(idx + 1)

    tree = parse(code, module_name=module_name)
    if not tree.body:
        raise ValueError("Empty tree, cannot extract from it")

    extracted: list[nodes.NodeNG | None] = []
    if requested_lines:
        extracted = [_find_statement_by_line(tree, line) for line in requested_lines]

    # Modifies the tree.
    extracted.extend(_extract_expressions(tree))

    if not extracted:
        extracted.append(tree.body[-1])

    extracted = [_extract(node) for node in extracted]
    extracted_without_none = [node for node in extracted if node is not None]
    if len(extracted_without_none) == 1:
        return extracted_without_none[0]
    return extracted_without_none


def _extract_single_node(code: str, module_name: str = "") -> nodes.NodeNG:
    """Call extract_node while making sure that only one value is returned."""
    ret = extract_node(code, module_name)
    if isinstance(ret, list):
        return ret[0]
    return ret


def _parse_string(
    data: str, type_comments: bool = True
) -> tuple[ast.Module, ParserModule]:
    parser_module = get_parser_module(type_comments=type_comments)
    try:
        parsed = parser_module.parse(data + "\n", type_comments=type_comments)
    except SyntaxError as exc:
        # If the type annotations are misplaced for some reason, we do not want
        # to fail the entire parsing of the file, so we need to retry the parsing without
        # type comment support.
        if exc.args[0] != MISPLACED_TYPE_ANNOTATION_ERROR or not type_comments:
            raise

        parser_module = get_parser_module(type_comments=False)
        parsed = parser_module.parse(data + "\n", type_comments=False)
    return parsed, parser_module