spanner/apiv1/spanner_client.go

// Copyright 2026 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

// Code generated by protoc-gen-go_gapic. DO NOT EDIT.

package spanner

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"log/slog"
	"math"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"time"

	spannerpb "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/apiv1/spannerpb"
	gax "github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2"
	"github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2/callctx"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
	"google.golang.org/api/option"
	"google.golang.org/api/option/internaloption"
	gtransport "google.golang.org/api/transport/grpc"
	httptransport "google.golang.org/api/transport/http"
	"google.golang.org/grpc"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/protojson"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

var newClientHook clientHook

// CallOptions contains the retry settings for each method of Client.
type CallOptions struct {
	CreateSession       []gax.CallOption
	BatchCreateSessions []gax.CallOption
	GetSession          []gax.CallOption
	ListSessions        []gax.CallOption
	DeleteSession       []gax.CallOption
	ExecuteSql          []gax.CallOption
	ExecuteStreamingSql []gax.CallOption
	ExecuteBatchDml     []gax.CallOption
	Read                []gax.CallOption
	StreamingRead       []gax.CallOption
	BeginTransaction    []gax.CallOption
	Commit              []gax.CallOption
	Rollback            []gax.CallOption
	PartitionQuery      []gax.CallOption
	PartitionRead       []gax.CallOption
	BatchWrite          []gax.CallOption
	FetchCacheUpdate    []gax.CallOption
}

func defaultGRPCClientOptions() []option.ClientOption {
	return []option.ClientOption{
		internaloption.WithDefaultEndpoint("spanner.googleapis.com:443"),
		internaloption.WithDefaultEndpointTemplate("spanner.UNIVERSE_DOMAIN:443"),
		internaloption.WithDefaultMTLSEndpoint("spanner.mtls.googleapis.com:443"),
		internaloption.WithDefaultUniverseDomain("googleapis.com"),
		internaloption.WithDefaultAudience("https://spanner.googleapis.com/"),
		internaloption.WithDefaultScopes(DefaultAuthScopes()...),
		internaloption.EnableJwtWithScope(),
		internaloption.EnableNewAuthLibrary(),
		option.WithGRPCDialOption(grpc.WithDefaultCallOptions(
			grpc.MaxCallRecvMsgSize(math.MaxInt32))),
	}
}

func defaultCallOptions() *CallOptions {
	return &CallOptions{
		CreateSession: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnCodes([]codes.Code{
					codes.Unavailable,
					codes.ResourceExhausted,
				}, gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				})
			}),
		},
		BatchCreateSessions: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(60000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnCodes([]codes.Code{
					codes.Unavailable,
					codes.ResourceExhausted,
				}, gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				})
			}),
		},
		GetSession: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnCodes([]codes.Code{
					codes.Unavailable,
					codes.ResourceExhausted,
				}, gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				})
			}),
		},
		ListSessions: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(3600000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnCodes([]codes.Code{
					codes.Unavailable,
					codes.ResourceExhausted,
				}, gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				})
			}),
		},
		DeleteSession: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnCodes([]codes.Code{
					codes.Unavailable,
					codes.ResourceExhausted,
				}, gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				})
			}),
		},
		ExecuteSql: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnCodes([]codes.Code{
					codes.Unavailable,
					codes.ResourceExhausted,
				}, gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				})
			}),
		},
		ExecuteStreamingSql: []gax.CallOption{},
		ExecuteBatchDml: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnCodes([]codes.Code{
					codes.Unavailable,
					codes.ResourceExhausted,
				}, gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				})
			}),
		},
		Read: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnCodes([]codes.Code{
					codes.Unavailable,
					codes.ResourceExhausted,
				}, gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				})
			}),
		},
		StreamingRead: []gax.CallOption{},
		BeginTransaction: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnCodes([]codes.Code{
					codes.Unavailable,
					codes.ResourceExhausted,
				}, gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				})
			}),
		},
		Commit: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(3600000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnCodes([]codes.Code{
					codes.Unavailable,
					codes.ResourceExhausted,
				}, gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				})
			}),
		},
		Rollback: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnCodes([]codes.Code{
					codes.Unavailable,
					codes.ResourceExhausted,
				}, gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				})
			}),
		},
		PartitionQuery: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnCodes([]codes.Code{
					codes.Unavailable,
					codes.ResourceExhausted,
				}, gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				})
			}),
		},
		PartitionRead: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnCodes([]codes.Code{
					codes.Unavailable,
					codes.ResourceExhausted,
				}, gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				})
			}),
		},
		BatchWrite:       []gax.CallOption{},
		FetchCacheUpdate: []gax.CallOption{},
	}
}

func defaultRESTCallOptions() *CallOptions {
	return &CallOptions{
		CreateSession: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnHTTPCodes(gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				},
					http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
					http.StatusTooManyRequests)
			}),
		},
		BatchCreateSessions: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(60000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnHTTPCodes(gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				},
					http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
					http.StatusTooManyRequests)
			}),
		},
		GetSession: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnHTTPCodes(gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				},
					http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
					http.StatusTooManyRequests)
			}),
		},
		ListSessions: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(3600000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnHTTPCodes(gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				},
					http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
					http.StatusTooManyRequests)
			}),
		},
		DeleteSession: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnHTTPCodes(gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				},
					http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
					http.StatusTooManyRequests)
			}),
		},
		ExecuteSql: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnHTTPCodes(gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				},
					http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
					http.StatusTooManyRequests)
			}),
		},
		ExecuteStreamingSql: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(3600000 * time.Millisecond),
		},
		ExecuteBatchDml: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnHTTPCodes(gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				},
					http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
					http.StatusTooManyRequests)
			}),
		},
		Read: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnHTTPCodes(gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				},
					http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
					http.StatusTooManyRequests)
			}),
		},
		StreamingRead: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(3600000 * time.Millisecond),
		},
		BeginTransaction: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnHTTPCodes(gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				},
					http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
					http.StatusTooManyRequests)
			}),
		},
		Commit: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(3600000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnHTTPCodes(gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				},
					http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
					http.StatusTooManyRequests)
			}),
		},
		Rollback: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnHTTPCodes(gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				},
					http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
					http.StatusTooManyRequests)
			}),
		},
		PartitionQuery: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnHTTPCodes(gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				},
					http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
					http.StatusTooManyRequests)
			}),
		},
		PartitionRead: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(30000 * time.Millisecond),
			gax.WithRetry(func() gax.Retryer {
				return gax.OnHTTPCodes(gax.Backoff{
					Initial:    250 * time.Millisecond,
					Max:        32000 * time.Millisecond,
					Multiplier: 1.30,
				},
					http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
					http.StatusTooManyRequests)
			}),
		},
		BatchWrite: []gax.CallOption{
			gax.WithTimeout(3600000 * time.Millisecond),
		},
		FetchCacheUpdate: []gax.CallOption{},
	}
}

// internalClient is an interface that defines the methods available from Cloud Spanner API.
type internalClient interface {
	Close() error
	setGoogleClientInfo(...string)
	Connection() *grpc.ClientConn
	CreateSession(context.Context, *spannerpb.CreateSessionRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.Session, error)
	BatchCreateSessions(context.Context, *spannerpb.BatchCreateSessionsRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.BatchCreateSessionsResponse, error)
	GetSession(context.Context, *spannerpb.GetSessionRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.Session, error)
	ListSessions(context.Context, *spannerpb.ListSessionsRequest, ...gax.CallOption) *SessionIterator
	DeleteSession(context.Context, *spannerpb.DeleteSessionRequest, ...gax.CallOption) error
	ExecuteSql(context.Context, *spannerpb.ExecuteSqlRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.ResultSet, error)
	ExecuteStreamingSql(context.Context, *spannerpb.ExecuteSqlRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_ExecuteStreamingSqlClient, error)
	ExecuteBatchDml(context.Context, *spannerpb.ExecuteBatchDmlRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.ExecuteBatchDmlResponse, error)
	Read(context.Context, *spannerpb.ReadRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.ResultSet, error)
	StreamingRead(context.Context, *spannerpb.ReadRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_StreamingReadClient, error)
	BeginTransaction(context.Context, *spannerpb.BeginTransactionRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.Transaction, error)
	Commit(context.Context, *spannerpb.CommitRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.CommitResponse, error)
	Rollback(context.Context, *spannerpb.RollbackRequest, ...gax.CallOption) error
	PartitionQuery(context.Context, *spannerpb.PartitionQueryRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.PartitionResponse, error)
	PartitionRead(context.Context, *spannerpb.PartitionReadRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.PartitionResponse, error)
	BatchWrite(context.Context, *spannerpb.BatchWriteRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_BatchWriteClient, error)
	FetchCacheUpdate(context.Context, *spannerpb.FetchCacheUpdateRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_FetchCacheUpdateClient, error)
}

// Client is a client for interacting with Cloud Spanner API.
// Methods, except Close, may be called concurrently. However, fields must not be modified concurrently with method calls.
//
// # Cloud Spanner API
//
// The Cloud Spanner API can be used to manage sessions and execute
// transactions on data stored in Cloud Spanner databases.
type Client struct {
	// The internal transport-dependent client.
	internalClient internalClient

	// The call options for this service.
	CallOptions *CallOptions
}

// Wrapper methods routed to the internal client.

// Close closes the connection to the API service. **Always** call Close() when
// the client is no longer required.
func (c *Client) Close() error {
	return c.internalClient.Close()
}

// setGoogleClientInfo sets the name and version of the application in
// the `x-goog-api-client` header passed on each request. Intended for
// use by Google-written clients.
func (c *Client) setGoogleClientInfo(keyval ...string) {
	c.internalClient.setGoogleClientInfo(keyval...)
}

// SetGoogleClientInfo sets the name and version of the application in
// the `x-goog-api-client` header passed on each request. Intended for
// use by Google-written clients.
//
// SetGoogleClientInfo is not concurrency-safe and should only be invoked
// sequentially before concurrent operations begin.
func (c *Client) SetGoogleClientInfo(keyval ...string) {
	c.setGoogleClientInfo(keyval...)
}

// Connection returns a connection to the API service.
//
// Deprecated: Connections are now pooled so this method does not always
// return the same resource.
func (c *Client) Connection() *grpc.ClientConn {
	return c.internalClient.Connection()
}

// CreateSession creates a new session. A session can be used to perform
// transactions that read and/or modify data in a Cloud Spanner database.
// Sessions are meant to be reused for many consecutive
// transactions.
//
// Sessions can only execute one transaction at a time. To execute
// multiple concurrent read-write/write-only transactions, create
// multiple sessions. Note that standalone reads and queries use a
// transaction internally, and count toward the one transaction
// limit.
//
// Active sessions use additional server resources, so it’s a good idea to
// delete idle and unneeded sessions.
// Aside from explicit deletes, Cloud Spanner can delete sessions when no
// operations are sent for more than an hour. If a session is deleted,
// requests to it return NOT_FOUND.
//
// Idle sessions can be kept alive by sending a trivial SQL query
// periodically, for example, "SELECT 1".
func (c *Client) CreateSession(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.CreateSessionRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.Session, error) {
	return c.internalClient.CreateSession(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// BatchCreateSessions creates multiple new sessions.
//
// This API can be used to initialize a session cache on the clients.
// See https://goo.gl/TgSFN2 (at https://goo.gl/TgSFN2) for best practices on session cache management.
func (c *Client) BatchCreateSessions(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.BatchCreateSessionsRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.BatchCreateSessionsResponse, error) {
	return c.internalClient.BatchCreateSessions(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// GetSession gets a session. Returns NOT_FOUND if the session doesn’t exist.
// This is mainly useful for determining whether a session is still
// alive.
func (c *Client) GetSession(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.GetSessionRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.Session, error) {
	return c.internalClient.GetSession(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// ListSessions lists all sessions in a given database.
func (c *Client) ListSessions(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ListSessionsRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) *SessionIterator {
	return c.internalClient.ListSessions(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// DeleteSession ends a session, releasing server resources associated with it. This
// asynchronously triggers the cancellation of any operations that are running
// with this session.
func (c *Client) DeleteSession(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.DeleteSessionRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) error {
	return c.internalClient.DeleteSession(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// ExecuteSql executes an SQL statement, returning all results in a single reply. This
// method can’t be used to return a result set larger than 10 MiB;
// if the query yields more data than that, the query fails with
// a FAILED_PRECONDITION error.
//
// Operations inside read-write transactions might return ABORTED. If
// this occurs, the application should restart the transaction from
// the beginning. See Transaction for more
// details.
//
// Larger result sets can be fetched in streaming fashion by calling
// ExecuteStreamingSql
// instead.
//
// The query string can be SQL or Graph Query Language
// (GQL) (at https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/standard-sql/graph-intro).
func (c *Client) ExecuteSql(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ExecuteSqlRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.ResultSet, error) {
	return c.internalClient.ExecuteSql(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// ExecuteStreamingSql like ExecuteSql, except returns the
// result set as a stream. Unlike
// ExecuteSql, there is no limit on
// the size of the returned result set. However, no individual row in the
// result set can exceed 100 MiB, and no column value can exceed 10 MiB.
//
// The query string can be SQL or Graph Query Language
// (GQL) (at https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/standard-sql/graph-intro).
func (c *Client) ExecuteStreamingSql(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ExecuteSqlRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_ExecuteStreamingSqlClient, error) {
	return c.internalClient.ExecuteStreamingSql(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// ExecuteBatchDml executes a batch of SQL DML statements. This method allows many statements
// to be run with lower latency than submitting them sequentially with
// ExecuteSql.
//
// Statements are executed in sequential order. A request can succeed even if
// a statement fails. The
// ExecuteBatchDmlResponse.status
// field in the response provides information about the statement that failed.
// Clients must inspect this field to determine whether an error occurred.
//
// Execution stops after the first failed statement; the remaining statements
// are not executed.
func (c *Client) ExecuteBatchDml(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ExecuteBatchDmlRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.ExecuteBatchDmlResponse, error) {
	return c.internalClient.ExecuteBatchDml(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// Read reads rows from the database using key lookups and scans, as a
// simple key/value style alternative to
// ExecuteSql. This method can’t be
// used to return a result set larger than 10 MiB; if the read matches more
// data than that, the read fails with a FAILED_PRECONDITION
// error.
//
// Reads inside read-write transactions might return ABORTED. If
// this occurs, the application should restart the transaction from
// the beginning. See Transaction for more
// details.
//
// Larger result sets can be yielded in streaming fashion by calling
// StreamingRead instead.
func (c *Client) Read(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ReadRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.ResultSet, error) {
	return c.internalClient.Read(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// StreamingRead like Read, except returns the result set
// as a stream. Unlike Read, there is no
// limit on the size of the returned result set. However, no individual row in
// the result set can exceed 100 MiB, and no column value can exceed
// 10 MiB.
func (c *Client) StreamingRead(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ReadRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_StreamingReadClient, error) {
	return c.internalClient.StreamingRead(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// BeginTransaction begins a new transaction. This step can often be skipped:
// Read,
// ExecuteSql and
// Commit can begin a new transaction as a
// side-effect.
func (c *Client) BeginTransaction(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.BeginTransactionRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.Transaction, error) {
	return c.internalClient.BeginTransaction(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// Commit commits a transaction. The request includes the mutations to be
// applied to rows in the database.
//
// Commit might return an ABORTED error. This can occur at any time;
// commonly, the cause is conflicts with concurrent
// transactions. However, it can also happen for a variety of other
// reasons. If Commit returns ABORTED, the caller should retry
// the transaction from the beginning, reusing the same session.
//
// On very rare occasions, Commit might return UNKNOWN. This can happen,
// for example, if the client job experiences a 1+ hour networking failure.
// At that point, Cloud Spanner has lost track of the transaction outcome and
// we recommend that you perform another read from the database to see the
// state of things as they are now.
func (c *Client) Commit(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.CommitRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.CommitResponse, error) {
	return c.internalClient.Commit(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// Rollback rolls back a transaction, releasing any locks it holds. It’s a good
// idea to call this for any transaction that includes one or more
// Read or
// ExecuteSql requests and ultimately
// decides not to commit.
//
// Rollback returns OK if it successfully aborts the transaction, the
// transaction was already aborted, or the transaction isn’t
// found. Rollback never returns ABORTED.
func (c *Client) Rollback(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.RollbackRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) error {
	return c.internalClient.Rollback(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// PartitionQuery creates a set of partition tokens that can be used to execute a query
// operation in parallel. Each of the returned partition tokens can be used
// by ExecuteStreamingSql to
// specify a subset of the query result to read. The same session and
// read-only transaction must be used by the PartitionQueryRequest used to
// create the partition tokens and the ExecuteSqlRequests that use the
// partition tokens.
//
// Partition tokens become invalid when the session used to create them
// is deleted, is idle for too long, begins a new transaction, or becomes too
// old. When any of these happen, it isn’t possible to resume the query, and
// the whole operation must be restarted from the beginning.
func (c *Client) PartitionQuery(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.PartitionQueryRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.PartitionResponse, error) {
	return c.internalClient.PartitionQuery(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// PartitionRead creates a set of partition tokens that can be used to execute a read
// operation in parallel. Each of the returned partition tokens can be used
// by StreamingRead to specify a
// subset of the read result to read. The same session and read-only
// transaction must be used by the PartitionReadRequest used to create the
// partition tokens and the ReadRequests that use the partition tokens.
// There are no ordering guarantees on rows returned among the returned
// partition tokens, or even within each individual StreamingRead call
// issued with a partition_token.
//
// Partition tokens become invalid when the session used to create them
// is deleted, is idle for too long, begins a new transaction, or becomes too
// old. When any of these happen, it isn’t possible to resume the read, and
// the whole operation must be restarted from the beginning.
func (c *Client) PartitionRead(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.PartitionReadRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.PartitionResponse, error) {
	return c.internalClient.PartitionRead(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// BatchWrite batches the supplied mutation groups in a collection of efficient
// transactions. All mutations in a group are committed atomically. However,
// mutations across groups can be committed non-atomically in an unspecified
// order and thus, they must be independent of each other. Partial failure is
// possible, that is, some groups might have been committed successfully,
// while some might have failed. The results of individual batches are
// streamed into the response as the batches are applied.
//
// BatchWrite requests are not replay protected, meaning that each mutation
// group can be applied more than once. Replays of non-idempotent mutations
// can have undesirable effects. For example, replays of an insert mutation
// can produce an already exists error or if you use generated or commit
// timestamp-based keys, it can result in additional rows being added to the
// mutation’s table. We recommend structuring your mutation groups to be
// idempotent to avoid this issue.
func (c *Client) BatchWrite(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.BatchWriteRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_BatchWriteClient, error) {
	return c.internalClient.BatchWrite(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// FetchCacheUpdate retrieves a cache update for a given database.
//
// This RPC can be used to warm up the client cache by fetching key recipes
// and server information for a given database. It is recommended to call
// this RPC at the beginning of the client’s lifecycle, prior to any other
// data plane operations.
//
// The cache update is returned as a stream because the response can be too
// large to fit into a single CacheUpdate message.
func (c *Client) FetchCacheUpdate(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.FetchCacheUpdateRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_FetchCacheUpdateClient, error) {
	return c.internalClient.FetchCacheUpdate(ctx, req, opts...)
}

// gRPCClient is a client for interacting with Cloud Spanner API over gRPC transport.
//
// Methods, except Close, may be called concurrently. However, fields must not be modified concurrently with method calls.
type gRPCClient struct {
	// Connection pool of gRPC connections to the service.
	connPool gtransport.ConnPool

	// Points back to the CallOptions field of the containing Client
	CallOptions **CallOptions

	// The gRPC API client.
	client spannerpb.SpannerClient

	// The x-goog-* metadata to be sent with each request.
	xGoogHeaders []string

	logger *slog.Logger
}

// NewClient creates a new spanner client based on gRPC.
// The returned client must be Closed when it is done being used to clean up its underlying connections.
//
// # Cloud Spanner API
//
// The Cloud Spanner API can be used to manage sessions and execute
// transactions on data stored in Cloud Spanner databases.
func NewClient(ctx context.Context, opts ...option.ClientOption) (*Client, error) {
	clientOpts := defaultGRPCClientOptions()
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		clientOpts = append(clientOpts, internaloption.WithTelemetryAttributes(map[string]string{
			"gcp.client.service":  "spanner",
			"gcp.client.version":  getVersionClient(),
			"gcp.client.repo":     "googleapis/google-cloud-go",
			"gcp.client.artifact": "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/apiv1",
			"gcp.client.language": "go",
			"url.domain":          "spanner.googleapis.com",
		}))
	}
	if newClientHook != nil {
		hookOpts, err := newClientHook(ctx, clientHookParams{})
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		clientOpts = append(clientOpts, hookOpts...)
	}

	connPool, err := gtransport.DialPool(ctx, append(clientOpts, opts...)...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	client := Client{CallOptions: defaultCallOptions()}

	c := &gRPCClient{
		connPool:    connPool,
		client:      spannerpb.NewSpannerClient(connPool),
		CallOptions: &client.CallOptions,
		logger:      internaloption.GetLogger(opts),
	}
	c.setGoogleClientInfo()
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") {
		metrics := gax.NewClientMetrics(
			gax.WithTelemetryLogger(c.logger),
			gax.WithTelemetryAttributes(map[string]string{
				gax.ClientService:  "spanner",
				gax.ClientVersion:  getVersionClient(),
				gax.ClientArtifact: "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/apiv1",
				gax.RPCSystem:      "grpc",
				gax.URLDomain:      "spanner.googleapis.com",
			}),
		)

		client.CallOptions.CreateSession = append(client.CallOptions.CreateSession, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.BatchCreateSessions = append(client.CallOptions.BatchCreateSessions, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.GetSession = append(client.CallOptions.GetSession, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.ListSessions = append(client.CallOptions.ListSessions, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.DeleteSession = append(client.CallOptions.DeleteSession, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.ExecuteSql = append(client.CallOptions.ExecuteSql, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.ExecuteStreamingSql = append(client.CallOptions.ExecuteStreamingSql, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.ExecuteBatchDml = append(client.CallOptions.ExecuteBatchDml, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.Read = append(client.CallOptions.Read, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.StreamingRead = append(client.CallOptions.StreamingRead, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.BeginTransaction = append(client.CallOptions.BeginTransaction, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.Commit = append(client.CallOptions.Commit, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.Rollback = append(client.CallOptions.Rollback, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.PartitionQuery = append(client.CallOptions.PartitionQuery, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.PartitionRead = append(client.CallOptions.PartitionRead, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.BatchWrite = append(client.CallOptions.BatchWrite, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		client.CallOptions.FetchCacheUpdate = append(client.CallOptions.FetchCacheUpdate, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
	}

	client.internalClient = c

	return &client, nil
}

// Connection returns a connection to the API service.
//
// Deprecated: Connections are now pooled so this method does not always
// return the same resource.
func (c *gRPCClient) Connection() *grpc.ClientConn {
	return c.connPool.Conn()
}

// setGoogleClientInfo sets the name and version of the application in
// the `x-goog-api-client` header passed on each request. Intended for
// use by Google-written clients.
func (c *gRPCClient) setGoogleClientInfo(keyval ...string) {
	kv := append([]string{"gl-go", gax.GoVersion}, keyval...)
	kv = append(kv, "gapic", getVersionClient(), "gax", gax.Version, "grpc", grpc.Version, "pb", protoVersion)
	c.xGoogHeaders = []string{
		"x-goog-api-client", gax.XGoogHeader(kv...),
	}
}

// Close closes the connection to the API service. **Always** call Close() when
// the client is no longer required.
func (c *gRPCClient) Close() error {
	return c.connPool.Close()
}

// Methods, except Close, may be called concurrently. However, fields must not be modified concurrently with method calls.
type restClient struct {
	// The http endpoint to connect to.
	endpoint string

	// The http client.
	httpClient *http.Client

	// The x-goog-* headers to be sent with each request.
	xGoogHeaders []string

	// Points back to the CallOptions field of the containing Client
	CallOptions **CallOptions

	logger *slog.Logger
}

// NewRESTClient creates a new spanner rest client.
//
// # Cloud Spanner API
//
// The Cloud Spanner API can be used to manage sessions and execute
// transactions on data stored in Cloud Spanner databases.
func NewRESTClient(ctx context.Context, opts ...option.ClientOption) (*Client, error) {
	clientOpts := append(defaultRESTClientOptions(), opts...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		clientOpts = append(clientOpts, internaloption.WithTelemetryAttributes(map[string]string{
			"gcp.client.service":  "spanner",
			"gcp.client.version":  getVersionClient(),
			"gcp.client.repo":     "googleapis/google-cloud-go",
			"gcp.client.artifact": "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/apiv1",
			"gcp.client.language": "go",
			"url.domain":          "spanner.googleapis.com",
		}))
	}
	httpClient, endpoint, err := httptransport.NewClient(ctx, clientOpts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	callOpts := defaultRESTCallOptions()
	c := &restClient{
		endpoint:    endpoint,
		httpClient:  httpClient,
		CallOptions: &callOpts,
		logger:      internaloption.GetLogger(opts),
	}
	c.setGoogleClientInfo()

	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") {
		metrics := gax.NewClientMetrics(
			gax.WithTelemetryLogger(c.logger),
			gax.WithTelemetryAttributes(map[string]string{
				gax.ClientService:  "spanner",
				gax.ClientVersion:  getVersionClient(),
				gax.ClientArtifact: "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/apiv1",
				gax.RPCSystem:      "http",
				gax.URLDomain:      "spanner.googleapis.com",
			}),
		)

		callOpts.CreateSession = append(callOpts.CreateSession, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.BatchCreateSessions = append(callOpts.BatchCreateSessions, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.GetSession = append(callOpts.GetSession, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.ListSessions = append(callOpts.ListSessions, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.DeleteSession = append(callOpts.DeleteSession, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.ExecuteSql = append(callOpts.ExecuteSql, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.ExecuteStreamingSql = append(callOpts.ExecuteStreamingSql, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.ExecuteBatchDml = append(callOpts.ExecuteBatchDml, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.Read = append(callOpts.Read, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.StreamingRead = append(callOpts.StreamingRead, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.BeginTransaction = append(callOpts.BeginTransaction, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.Commit = append(callOpts.Commit, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.Rollback = append(callOpts.Rollback, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.PartitionQuery = append(callOpts.PartitionQuery, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.PartitionRead = append(callOpts.PartitionRead, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.BatchWrite = append(callOpts.BatchWrite, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
		callOpts.FetchCacheUpdate = append(callOpts.FetchCacheUpdate, gax.WithClientMetrics(metrics))
	}

	return &Client{internalClient: c, CallOptions: callOpts}, nil
}

func defaultRESTClientOptions() []option.ClientOption {
	return []option.ClientOption{
		internaloption.WithDefaultEndpoint("https://spanner.googleapis.com"),
		internaloption.WithDefaultEndpointTemplate("https://spanner.UNIVERSE_DOMAIN"),
		internaloption.WithDefaultMTLSEndpoint("https://spanner.mtls.googleapis.com"),
		internaloption.WithDefaultUniverseDomain("googleapis.com"),
		internaloption.WithDefaultAudience("https://spanner.googleapis.com/"),
		internaloption.WithDefaultScopes(DefaultAuthScopes()...),
		internaloption.EnableNewAuthLibrary(),
	}
}

// setGoogleClientInfo sets the name and version of the application in
// the `x-goog-api-client` header passed on each request. Intended for
// use by Google-written clients.
func (c *restClient) setGoogleClientInfo(keyval ...string) {
	kv := append([]string{"gl-go", gax.GoVersion}, keyval...)
	kv = append(kv, "gapic", getVersionClient(), "gax", gax.Version, "rest", "UNKNOWN", "pb", protoVersion)
	c.xGoogHeaders = []string{
		"x-goog-api-client", gax.XGoogHeader(kv...),
	}
}

// Close closes the connection to the API service. **Always** call Close() when
// the client is no longer required.
func (c *restClient) Close() error {
	// Replace httpClient with nil to force cleanup.
	c.httpClient = nil
	return nil
}

// Connection returns a connection to the API service.
//
// Deprecated: This method always returns nil.
func (c *restClient) Connection() *grpc.ClientConn {
	return nil
}
func (c *gRPCClient) CreateSession(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.CreateSessionRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.Session, error) {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "database", url.QueryEscape(req.GetDatabase()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetDatabase()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/CreateSession")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).CreateSession[0:len((*c.CallOptions).CreateSession):len((*c.CallOptions).CreateSession)], opts...)
	var resp *spannerpb.Session
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		resp, err = executeRPC(ctx, c.client.CreateSession, req, settings.GRPC, c.logger, "CreateSession")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (c *gRPCClient) BatchCreateSessions(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.BatchCreateSessionsRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.BatchCreateSessionsResponse, error) {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "database", url.QueryEscape(req.GetDatabase()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetDatabase()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/BatchCreateSessions")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).BatchCreateSessions[0:len((*c.CallOptions).BatchCreateSessions):len((*c.CallOptions).BatchCreateSessions)], opts...)
	var resp *spannerpb.BatchCreateSessionsResponse
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		resp, err = executeRPC(ctx, c.client.BatchCreateSessions, req, settings.GRPC, c.logger, "BatchCreateSessions")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (c *gRPCClient) GetSession(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.GetSessionRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.Session, error) {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "name", url.QueryEscape(req.GetName()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetName()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/GetSession")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).GetSession[0:len((*c.CallOptions).GetSession):len((*c.CallOptions).GetSession)], opts...)
	var resp *spannerpb.Session
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		resp, err = executeRPC(ctx, c.client.GetSession, req, settings.GRPC, c.logger, "GetSession")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (c *gRPCClient) ListSessions(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ListSessionsRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) *SessionIterator {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "database", url.QueryEscape(req.GetDatabase()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetDatabase()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/ListSessions")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).ListSessions[0:len((*c.CallOptions).ListSessions):len((*c.CallOptions).ListSessions)], opts...)
	it := &SessionIterator{}
	req = proto.CloneOf(req)
	it.InternalFetch = func(pageSize int, pageToken string) ([]*spannerpb.Session, string, error) {
		resp := &spannerpb.ListSessionsResponse{}
		if pageToken != "" {
			req.PageToken = pageToken
		}
		if pageSize > math.MaxInt32 {
			req.PageSize = math.MaxInt32
		} else if pageSize != 0 {
			req.PageSize = int32(pageSize)
		}
		err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
			var err error
			resp, err = executeRPC(ctx, c.client.ListSessions, req, settings.GRPC, c.logger, "ListSessions")
			return err
		}, opts...)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, "", err
		}

		it.Response = resp
		return resp.GetSessions(), resp.GetNextPageToken(), nil
	}
	fetch := func(pageSize int, pageToken string) (string, error) {
		items, nextPageToken, err := it.InternalFetch(pageSize, pageToken)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		it.items = append(it.items, items...)
		return nextPageToken, nil
	}

	it.pageInfo, it.nextFunc = iterator.NewPageInfo(fetch, it.bufLen, it.takeBuf)
	it.pageInfo.MaxSize = int(req.GetPageSize())
	it.pageInfo.Token = req.GetPageToken()

	return it
}

func (c *gRPCClient) DeleteSession(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.DeleteSessionRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) error {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "name", url.QueryEscape(req.GetName()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetName()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/DeleteSession")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).DeleteSession[0:len((*c.CallOptions).DeleteSession):len((*c.CallOptions).DeleteSession)], opts...)
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		_, err = executeRPC(ctx, c.client.DeleteSession, req, settings.GRPC, c.logger, "DeleteSession")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	return err
}

func (c *gRPCClient) ExecuteSql(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ExecuteSqlRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.ResultSet, error) {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/ExecuteSql")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteSql[0:len((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteSql):len((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteSql)], opts...)
	var resp *spannerpb.ResultSet
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		resp, err = executeRPC(ctx, c.client.ExecuteSql, req, settings.GRPC, c.logger, "ExecuteSql")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (c *gRPCClient) ExecuteStreamingSql(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ExecuteSqlRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_ExecuteStreamingSqlClient, error) {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/ExecuteStreamingSql")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteStreamingSql[0:len((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteStreamingSql):len((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteStreamingSql)], opts...)
	var resp spannerpb.Spanner_ExecuteStreamingSqlClient
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		c.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "api streaming client request", "serviceName", serviceName, "rpcName", "ExecuteStreamingSql")
		resp, err = c.client.ExecuteStreamingSql(ctx, req, settings.GRPC...)
		c.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "api streaming client response", "serviceName", serviceName, "rpcName", "ExecuteStreamingSql")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (c *gRPCClient) ExecuteBatchDml(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ExecuteBatchDmlRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.ExecuteBatchDmlResponse, error) {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/ExecuteBatchDml")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteBatchDml[0:len((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteBatchDml):len((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteBatchDml)], opts...)
	var resp *spannerpb.ExecuteBatchDmlResponse
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		resp, err = executeRPC(ctx, c.client.ExecuteBatchDml, req, settings.GRPC, c.logger, "ExecuteBatchDml")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (c *gRPCClient) Read(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ReadRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.ResultSet, error) {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/Read")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).Read[0:len((*c.CallOptions).Read):len((*c.CallOptions).Read)], opts...)
	var resp *spannerpb.ResultSet
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		resp, err = executeRPC(ctx, c.client.Read, req, settings.GRPC, c.logger, "Read")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (c *gRPCClient) StreamingRead(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ReadRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_StreamingReadClient, error) {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/StreamingRead")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).StreamingRead[0:len((*c.CallOptions).StreamingRead):len((*c.CallOptions).StreamingRead)], opts...)
	var resp spannerpb.Spanner_StreamingReadClient
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		c.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "api streaming client request", "serviceName", serviceName, "rpcName", "StreamingRead")
		resp, err = c.client.StreamingRead(ctx, req, settings.GRPC...)
		c.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "api streaming client response", "serviceName", serviceName, "rpcName", "StreamingRead")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (c *gRPCClient) BeginTransaction(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.BeginTransactionRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.Transaction, error) {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/BeginTransaction")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).BeginTransaction[0:len((*c.CallOptions).BeginTransaction):len((*c.CallOptions).BeginTransaction)], opts...)
	var resp *spannerpb.Transaction
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		resp, err = executeRPC(ctx, c.client.BeginTransaction, req, settings.GRPC, c.logger, "BeginTransaction")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (c *gRPCClient) Commit(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.CommitRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.CommitResponse, error) {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/Commit")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).Commit[0:len((*c.CallOptions).Commit):len((*c.CallOptions).Commit)], opts...)
	var resp *spannerpb.CommitResponse
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		resp, err = executeRPC(ctx, c.client.Commit, req, settings.GRPC, c.logger, "Commit")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (c *gRPCClient) Rollback(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.RollbackRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) error {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/Rollback")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).Rollback[0:len((*c.CallOptions).Rollback):len((*c.CallOptions).Rollback)], opts...)
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		_, err = executeRPC(ctx, c.client.Rollback, req, settings.GRPC, c.logger, "Rollback")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	return err
}

func (c *gRPCClient) PartitionQuery(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.PartitionQueryRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.PartitionResponse, error) {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/PartitionQuery")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).PartitionQuery[0:len((*c.CallOptions).PartitionQuery):len((*c.CallOptions).PartitionQuery)], opts...)
	var resp *spannerpb.PartitionResponse
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		resp, err = executeRPC(ctx, c.client.PartitionQuery, req, settings.GRPC, c.logger, "PartitionQuery")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (c *gRPCClient) PartitionRead(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.PartitionReadRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.PartitionResponse, error) {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/PartitionRead")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).PartitionRead[0:len((*c.CallOptions).PartitionRead):len((*c.CallOptions).PartitionRead)], opts...)
	var resp *spannerpb.PartitionResponse
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		resp, err = executeRPC(ctx, c.client.PartitionRead, req, settings.GRPC, c.logger, "PartitionRead")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (c *gRPCClient) BatchWrite(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.BatchWriteRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_BatchWriteClient, error) {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/BatchWrite")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).BatchWrite[0:len((*c.CallOptions).BatchWrite):len((*c.CallOptions).BatchWrite)], opts...)
	var resp spannerpb.Spanner_BatchWriteClient
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		c.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "api streaming client request", "serviceName", serviceName, "rpcName", "BatchWrite")
		resp, err = c.client.BatchWrite(ctx, req, settings.GRPC...)
		c.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "api streaming client response", "serviceName", serviceName, "rpcName", "BatchWrite")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (c *gRPCClient) FetchCacheUpdate(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.FetchCacheUpdateRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_FetchCacheUpdateClient, error) {
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "database", url.QueryEscape(req.GetDatabase()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	ctx = gax.InsertMetadataIntoOutgoingContext(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetDatabase()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/FetchCacheUpdate")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).FetchCacheUpdate[0:len((*c.CallOptions).FetchCacheUpdate):len((*c.CallOptions).FetchCacheUpdate)], opts...)
	var resp spannerpb.Spanner_FetchCacheUpdateClient
	err := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		var err error
		c.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "api streaming client request", "serviceName", serviceName, "rpcName", "FetchCacheUpdate")
		resp, err = c.client.FetchCacheUpdate(ctx, req, settings.GRPC...)
		c.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "api streaming client response", "serviceName", serviceName, "rpcName", "FetchCacheUpdate")
		return err
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, nil
}

// CreateSession creates a new session. A session can be used to perform
// transactions that read and/or modify data in a Cloud Spanner database.
// Sessions are meant to be reused for many consecutive
// transactions.
//
// Sessions can only execute one transaction at a time. To execute
// multiple concurrent read-write/write-only transactions, create
// multiple sessions. Note that standalone reads and queries use a
// transaction internally, and count toward the one transaction
// limit.
//
// Active sessions use additional server resources, so it’s a good idea to
// delete idle and unneeded sessions.
// Aside from explicit deletes, Cloud Spanner can delete sessions when no
// operations are sent for more than an hour. If a session is deleted,
// requests to it return NOT_FOUND.
//
// Idle sessions can be kept alive by sending a trivial SQL query
// periodically, for example, "SELECT 1".
func (c *restClient) CreateSession(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.CreateSessionRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.Session, error) {
	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, UseEnumNumbers: true}
	jsonReq, err := m.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v/sessions", req.GetDatabase())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "database", url.QueryEscape(req.GetDatabase()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetDatabase()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/CreateSession")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{database=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*}/sessions")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).CreateSession[0:len((*c.CallOptions).CreateSession):len((*c.CallOptions).CreateSession)], opts...)
	unm := protojson.UnmarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, DiscardUnknown: true}
	resp := &spannerpb.Session{}
	e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseUrl.String(), bytes.NewReader(jsonReq))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		buf, err := executeHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, jsonReq, "CreateSession")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err := unm.Unmarshal(buf, resp); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		return nil
	}, opts...)
	if e != nil {
		return nil, e
	}
	return resp, nil
}

// BatchCreateSessions creates multiple new sessions.
//
// This API can be used to initialize a session cache on the clients.
// See https://goo.gl/TgSFN2 (at https://goo.gl/TgSFN2) for best practices on session cache management.
func (c *restClient) BatchCreateSessions(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.BatchCreateSessionsRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.BatchCreateSessionsResponse, error) {
	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, UseEnumNumbers: true}
	jsonReq, err := m.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v/sessions:batchCreate", req.GetDatabase())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "database", url.QueryEscape(req.GetDatabase()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetDatabase()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/BatchCreateSessions")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{database=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*}/sessions:batchCreate")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).BatchCreateSessions[0:len((*c.CallOptions).BatchCreateSessions):len((*c.CallOptions).BatchCreateSessions)], opts...)
	unm := protojson.UnmarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, DiscardUnknown: true}
	resp := &spannerpb.BatchCreateSessionsResponse{}
	e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseUrl.String(), bytes.NewReader(jsonReq))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		buf, err := executeHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, jsonReq, "BatchCreateSessions")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err := unm.Unmarshal(buf, resp); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		return nil
	}, opts...)
	if e != nil {
		return nil, e
	}
	return resp, nil
}

// GetSession gets a session. Returns NOT_FOUND if the session doesn’t exist.
// This is mainly useful for determining whether a session is still
// alive.
func (c *restClient) GetSession(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.GetSessionRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.Session, error) {
	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v", req.GetName())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "name", url.QueryEscape(req.GetName()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetName()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/GetSession")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{name=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*/sessions/*}")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).GetSession[0:len((*c.CallOptions).GetSession):len((*c.CallOptions).GetSession)], opts...)
	unm := protojson.UnmarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, DiscardUnknown: true}
	resp := &spannerpb.Session{}
	e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("GET", baseUrl.String(), nil)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		buf, err := executeHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, nil, "GetSession")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err := unm.Unmarshal(buf, resp); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		return nil
	}, opts...)
	if e != nil {
		return nil, e
	}
	return resp, nil
}

// ListSessions lists all sessions in a given database.
func (c *restClient) ListSessions(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ListSessionsRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) *SessionIterator {
	it := &SessionIterator{}
	req = proto.CloneOf(req)
	unm := protojson.UnmarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, DiscardUnknown: true}
	it.InternalFetch = func(pageSize int, pageToken string) ([]*spannerpb.Session, string, error) {
		resp := &spannerpb.ListSessionsResponse{}
		if pageToken != "" {
			req.PageToken = pageToken
		}
		if pageSize > math.MaxInt32 {
			req.PageSize = math.MaxInt32
		} else if pageSize != 0 {
			req.PageSize = int32(pageSize)
		}
		baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, "", err
		}
		baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v/sessions", req.GetDatabase())

		params := url.Values{}
		params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")
		if req.GetFilter() != "" {
			params.Add("filter", fmt.Sprintf("%v", req.GetFilter()))
		}
		if req.GetPageSize() != 0 {
			params.Add("pageSize", fmt.Sprintf("%v", req.GetPageSize()))
		}
		if req.GetPageToken() != "" {
			params.Add("pageToken", fmt.Sprintf("%v", req.GetPageToken()))
		}

		baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

		// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
		hds := append(c.xGoogHeaders, "Content-Type", "application/json")
		headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
		e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
			if settings.Path != "" {
				baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
			}
			httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("GET", baseUrl.String(), nil)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			httpReq.Header = headers

			buf, err := executeHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, nil, "ListSessions")
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			if err := unm.Unmarshal(buf, resp); err != nil {
				return err
			}

			return nil
		}, opts...)
		if e != nil {
			return nil, "", e
		}
		it.Response = resp
		return resp.GetSessions(), resp.GetNextPageToken(), nil
	}

	fetch := func(pageSize int, pageToken string) (string, error) {
		items, nextPageToken, err := it.InternalFetch(pageSize, pageToken)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		it.items = append(it.items, items...)
		return nextPageToken, nil
	}

	it.pageInfo, it.nextFunc = iterator.NewPageInfo(fetch, it.bufLen, it.takeBuf)
	it.pageInfo.MaxSize = int(req.GetPageSize())
	it.pageInfo.Token = req.GetPageToken()

	return it
}

// DeleteSession ends a session, releasing server resources associated with it. This
// asynchronously triggers the cancellation of any operations that are running
// with this session.
func (c *restClient) DeleteSession(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.DeleteSessionRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) error {
	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v", req.GetName())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "name", url.QueryEscape(req.GetName()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetName()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/DeleteSession")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{name=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*/sessions/*}")
	}
	return gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("DELETE", baseUrl.String(), nil)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		_, err = executeHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, nil, "DeleteSession")
		return err
	}, opts...)
}

// ExecuteSql executes an SQL statement, returning all results in a single reply. This
// method can’t be used to return a result set larger than 10 MiB;
// if the query yields more data than that, the query fails with
// a FAILED_PRECONDITION error.
//
// Operations inside read-write transactions might return ABORTED. If
// this occurs, the application should restart the transaction from
// the beginning. See Transaction for more
// details.
//
// Larger result sets can be fetched in streaming fashion by calling
// ExecuteStreamingSql
// instead.
//
// The query string can be SQL or Graph Query Language
// (GQL) (at https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/standard-sql/graph-intro).
func (c *restClient) ExecuteSql(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ExecuteSqlRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.ResultSet, error) {
	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, UseEnumNumbers: true}
	jsonReq, err := m.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v:executeSql", req.GetSession())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/ExecuteSql")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{session=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*/sessions/*}:executeSql")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteSql[0:len((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteSql):len((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteSql)], opts...)
	unm := protojson.UnmarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, DiscardUnknown: true}
	resp := &spannerpb.ResultSet{}
	e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseUrl.String(), bytes.NewReader(jsonReq))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		buf, err := executeHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, jsonReq, "ExecuteSql")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err := unm.Unmarshal(buf, resp); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		return nil
	}, opts...)
	if e != nil {
		return nil, e
	}
	return resp, nil
}

// ExecuteStreamingSql like ExecuteSql, except returns the
// result set as a stream. Unlike
// ExecuteSql, there is no limit on
// the size of the returned result set. However, no individual row in the
// result set can exceed 100 MiB, and no column value can exceed 10 MiB.
//
// The query string can be SQL or Graph Query Language
// (GQL) (at https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/standard-sql/graph-intro).
func (c *restClient) ExecuteStreamingSql(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ExecuteSqlRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_ExecuteStreamingSqlClient, error) {
	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, UseEnumNumbers: true}
	jsonReq, err := m.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v:executeStreamingSql", req.GetSession())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/ExecuteStreamingSql")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{session=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*/sessions/*}:executeStreamingSql")
	}
	var streamClient *executeStreamingSqlRESTStreamClient
	e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseUrl.String(), bytes.NewReader(jsonReq))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		httpRsp, err := executeStreamingHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, jsonReq, "ExecuteStreamingSql")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		streamClient = &executeStreamingSqlRESTStreamClient{
			ctx:    ctx,
			md:     metadata.MD(httpRsp.Header),
			stream: gax.NewProtoJSONStreamReader(httpRsp.Body, (&spannerpb.PartialResultSet{}).ProtoReflect().Type()),
		}
		return nil
	}, opts...)

	return streamClient, e
}

// executeStreamingSqlRESTStreamClient is the stream client used to consume the server stream created by
// the REST implementation of ExecuteStreamingSql.
type executeStreamingSqlRESTStreamClient struct {
	ctx    context.Context
	md     metadata.MD
	stream *gax.ProtoJSONStream
}

func (c *executeStreamingSqlRESTStreamClient) Recv() (*spannerpb.PartialResultSet, error) {
	if err := c.ctx.Err(); err != nil {
		defer c.stream.Close()
		return nil, err
	}
	msg, err := c.stream.Recv()
	if err != nil {
		defer c.stream.Close()
		return nil, err
	}
	res := msg.(*spannerpb.PartialResultSet)
	return res, nil
}

func (c *executeStreamingSqlRESTStreamClient) Header() (metadata.MD, error) {
	return c.md, nil
}

func (c *executeStreamingSqlRESTStreamClient) Trailer() metadata.MD {
	return c.md
}

func (c *executeStreamingSqlRESTStreamClient) CloseSend() error {
	// This is a no-op to fulfill the interface.
	return errors.New("this method is not implemented for a server-stream")
}

func (c *executeStreamingSqlRESTStreamClient) Context() context.Context {
	return c.ctx
}

func (c *executeStreamingSqlRESTStreamClient) SendMsg(m interface{}) error {
	// This is a no-op to fulfill the interface.
	return errors.New("this method is not implemented for a server-stream")
}

func (c *executeStreamingSqlRESTStreamClient) RecvMsg(m interface{}) error {
	// This is a no-op to fulfill the interface.
	return errors.New("this method is not implemented, use Recv")
}

// ExecuteBatchDml executes a batch of SQL DML statements. This method allows many statements
// to be run with lower latency than submitting them sequentially with
// ExecuteSql.
//
// Statements are executed in sequential order. A request can succeed even if
// a statement fails. The
// ExecuteBatchDmlResponse.status
// field in the response provides information about the statement that failed.
// Clients must inspect this field to determine whether an error occurred.
//
// Execution stops after the first failed statement; the remaining statements
// are not executed.
func (c *restClient) ExecuteBatchDml(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ExecuteBatchDmlRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.ExecuteBatchDmlResponse, error) {
	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, UseEnumNumbers: true}
	jsonReq, err := m.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v:executeBatchDml", req.GetSession())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/ExecuteBatchDml")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{session=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*/sessions/*}:executeBatchDml")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteBatchDml[0:len((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteBatchDml):len((*c.CallOptions).ExecuteBatchDml)], opts...)
	unm := protojson.UnmarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, DiscardUnknown: true}
	resp := &spannerpb.ExecuteBatchDmlResponse{}
	e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseUrl.String(), bytes.NewReader(jsonReq))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		buf, err := executeHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, jsonReq, "ExecuteBatchDml")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err := unm.Unmarshal(buf, resp); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		return nil
	}, opts...)
	if e != nil {
		return nil, e
	}
	return resp, nil
}

// Read reads rows from the database using key lookups and scans, as a
// simple key/value style alternative to
// ExecuteSql. This method can’t be
// used to return a result set larger than 10 MiB; if the read matches more
// data than that, the read fails with a FAILED_PRECONDITION
// error.
//
// Reads inside read-write transactions might return ABORTED. If
// this occurs, the application should restart the transaction from
// the beginning. See Transaction for more
// details.
//
// Larger result sets can be yielded in streaming fashion by calling
// StreamingRead instead.
func (c *restClient) Read(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ReadRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.ResultSet, error) {
	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, UseEnumNumbers: true}
	jsonReq, err := m.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v:read", req.GetSession())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/Read")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{session=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*/sessions/*}:read")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).Read[0:len((*c.CallOptions).Read):len((*c.CallOptions).Read)], opts...)
	unm := protojson.UnmarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, DiscardUnknown: true}
	resp := &spannerpb.ResultSet{}
	e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseUrl.String(), bytes.NewReader(jsonReq))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		buf, err := executeHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, jsonReq, "Read")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err := unm.Unmarshal(buf, resp); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		return nil
	}, opts...)
	if e != nil {
		return nil, e
	}
	return resp, nil
}

// StreamingRead like Read, except returns the result set
// as a stream. Unlike Read, there is no
// limit on the size of the returned result set. However, no individual row in
// the result set can exceed 100 MiB, and no column value can exceed
// 10 MiB.
func (c *restClient) StreamingRead(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.ReadRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_StreamingReadClient, error) {
	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, UseEnumNumbers: true}
	jsonReq, err := m.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v:streamingRead", req.GetSession())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/StreamingRead")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{session=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*/sessions/*}:streamingRead")
	}
	var streamClient *streamingReadRESTStreamClient
	e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseUrl.String(), bytes.NewReader(jsonReq))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		httpRsp, err := executeStreamingHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, jsonReq, "StreamingRead")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		streamClient = &streamingReadRESTStreamClient{
			ctx:    ctx,
			md:     metadata.MD(httpRsp.Header),
			stream: gax.NewProtoJSONStreamReader(httpRsp.Body, (&spannerpb.PartialResultSet{}).ProtoReflect().Type()),
		}
		return nil
	}, opts...)

	return streamClient, e
}

// streamingReadRESTStreamClient is the stream client used to consume the server stream created by
// the REST implementation of StreamingRead.
type streamingReadRESTStreamClient struct {
	ctx    context.Context
	md     metadata.MD
	stream *gax.ProtoJSONStream
}

func (c *streamingReadRESTStreamClient) Recv() (*spannerpb.PartialResultSet, error) {
	if err := c.ctx.Err(); err != nil {
		defer c.stream.Close()
		return nil, err
	}
	msg, err := c.stream.Recv()
	if err != nil {
		defer c.stream.Close()
		return nil, err
	}
	res := msg.(*spannerpb.PartialResultSet)
	return res, nil
}

func (c *streamingReadRESTStreamClient) Header() (metadata.MD, error) {
	return c.md, nil
}

func (c *streamingReadRESTStreamClient) Trailer() metadata.MD {
	return c.md
}

func (c *streamingReadRESTStreamClient) CloseSend() error {
	// This is a no-op to fulfill the interface.
	return errors.New("this method is not implemented for a server-stream")
}

func (c *streamingReadRESTStreamClient) Context() context.Context {
	return c.ctx
}

func (c *streamingReadRESTStreamClient) SendMsg(m interface{}) error {
	// This is a no-op to fulfill the interface.
	return errors.New("this method is not implemented for a server-stream")
}

func (c *streamingReadRESTStreamClient) RecvMsg(m interface{}) error {
	// This is a no-op to fulfill the interface.
	return errors.New("this method is not implemented, use Recv")
}

// BeginTransaction begins a new transaction. This step can often be skipped:
// Read,
// ExecuteSql and
// Commit can begin a new transaction as a
// side-effect.
func (c *restClient) BeginTransaction(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.BeginTransactionRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.Transaction, error) {
	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, UseEnumNumbers: true}
	jsonReq, err := m.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v:beginTransaction", req.GetSession())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/BeginTransaction")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{session=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*/sessions/*}:beginTransaction")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).BeginTransaction[0:len((*c.CallOptions).BeginTransaction):len((*c.CallOptions).BeginTransaction)], opts...)
	unm := protojson.UnmarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, DiscardUnknown: true}
	resp := &spannerpb.Transaction{}
	e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseUrl.String(), bytes.NewReader(jsonReq))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		buf, err := executeHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, jsonReq, "BeginTransaction")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err := unm.Unmarshal(buf, resp); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		return nil
	}, opts...)
	if e != nil {
		return nil, e
	}
	return resp, nil
}

// Commit commits a transaction. The request includes the mutations to be
// applied to rows in the database.
//
// Commit might return an ABORTED error. This can occur at any time;
// commonly, the cause is conflicts with concurrent
// transactions. However, it can also happen for a variety of other
// reasons. If Commit returns ABORTED, the caller should retry
// the transaction from the beginning, reusing the same session.
//
// On very rare occasions, Commit might return UNKNOWN. This can happen,
// for example, if the client job experiences a 1+ hour networking failure.
// At that point, Cloud Spanner has lost track of the transaction outcome and
// we recommend that you perform another read from the database to see the
// state of things as they are now.
func (c *restClient) Commit(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.CommitRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.CommitResponse, error) {
	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, UseEnumNumbers: true}
	jsonReq, err := m.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v:commit", req.GetSession())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/Commit")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{session=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*/sessions/*}:commit")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).Commit[0:len((*c.CallOptions).Commit):len((*c.CallOptions).Commit)], opts...)
	unm := protojson.UnmarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, DiscardUnknown: true}
	resp := &spannerpb.CommitResponse{}
	e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseUrl.String(), bytes.NewReader(jsonReq))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		buf, err := executeHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, jsonReq, "Commit")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err := unm.Unmarshal(buf, resp); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		return nil
	}, opts...)
	if e != nil {
		return nil, e
	}
	return resp, nil
}

// Rollback rolls back a transaction, releasing any locks it holds. It’s a good
// idea to call this for any transaction that includes one or more
// Read or
// ExecuteSql requests and ultimately
// decides not to commit.
//
// Rollback returns OK if it successfully aborts the transaction, the
// transaction was already aborted, or the transaction isn’t
// found. Rollback never returns ABORTED.
func (c *restClient) Rollback(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.RollbackRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) error {
	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, UseEnumNumbers: true}
	jsonReq, err := m.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v:rollback", req.GetSession())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/Rollback")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{session=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*/sessions/*}:rollback")
	}
	return gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseUrl.String(), bytes.NewReader(jsonReq))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		_, err = executeHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, jsonReq, "Rollback")
		return err
	}, opts...)
}

// PartitionQuery creates a set of partition tokens that can be used to execute a query
// operation in parallel. Each of the returned partition tokens can be used
// by ExecuteStreamingSql to
// specify a subset of the query result to read. The same session and
// read-only transaction must be used by the PartitionQueryRequest used to
// create the partition tokens and the ExecuteSqlRequests that use the
// partition tokens.
//
// Partition tokens become invalid when the session used to create them
// is deleted, is idle for too long, begins a new transaction, or becomes too
// old. When any of these happen, it isn’t possible to resume the query, and
// the whole operation must be restarted from the beginning.
func (c *restClient) PartitionQuery(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.PartitionQueryRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.PartitionResponse, error) {
	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, UseEnumNumbers: true}
	jsonReq, err := m.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v:partitionQuery", req.GetSession())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/PartitionQuery")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{session=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*/sessions/*}:partitionQuery")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).PartitionQuery[0:len((*c.CallOptions).PartitionQuery):len((*c.CallOptions).PartitionQuery)], opts...)
	unm := protojson.UnmarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, DiscardUnknown: true}
	resp := &spannerpb.PartitionResponse{}
	e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseUrl.String(), bytes.NewReader(jsonReq))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		buf, err := executeHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, jsonReq, "PartitionQuery")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err := unm.Unmarshal(buf, resp); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		return nil
	}, opts...)
	if e != nil {
		return nil, e
	}
	return resp, nil
}

// PartitionRead creates a set of partition tokens that can be used to execute a read
// operation in parallel. Each of the returned partition tokens can be used
// by StreamingRead to specify a
// subset of the read result to read. The same session and read-only
// transaction must be used by the PartitionReadRequest used to create the
// partition tokens and the ReadRequests that use the partition tokens.
// There are no ordering guarantees on rows returned among the returned
// partition tokens, or even within each individual StreamingRead call
// issued with a partition_token.
//
// Partition tokens become invalid when the session used to create them
// is deleted, is idle for too long, begins a new transaction, or becomes too
// old. When any of these happen, it isn’t possible to resume the read, and
// the whole operation must be restarted from the beginning.
func (c *restClient) PartitionRead(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.PartitionReadRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*spannerpb.PartitionResponse, error) {
	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, UseEnumNumbers: true}
	jsonReq, err := m.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v:partitionRead", req.GetSession())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/PartitionRead")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{session=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*/sessions/*}:partitionRead")
	}
	opts = append((*c.CallOptions).PartitionRead[0:len((*c.CallOptions).PartitionRead):len((*c.CallOptions).PartitionRead)], opts...)
	unm := protojson.UnmarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, DiscardUnknown: true}
	resp := &spannerpb.PartitionResponse{}
	e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseUrl.String(), bytes.NewReader(jsonReq))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		buf, err := executeHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, jsonReq, "PartitionRead")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err := unm.Unmarshal(buf, resp); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		return nil
	}, opts...)
	if e != nil {
		return nil, e
	}
	return resp, nil
}

// BatchWrite batches the supplied mutation groups in a collection of efficient
// transactions. All mutations in a group are committed atomically. However,
// mutations across groups can be committed non-atomically in an unspecified
// order and thus, they must be independent of each other. Partial failure is
// possible, that is, some groups might have been committed successfully,
// while some might have failed. The results of individual batches are
// streamed into the response as the batches are applied.
//
// BatchWrite requests are not replay protected, meaning that each mutation
// group can be applied more than once. Replays of non-idempotent mutations
// can have undesirable effects. For example, replays of an insert mutation
// can produce an already exists error or if you use generated or commit
// timestamp-based keys, it can result in additional rows being added to the
// mutation’s table. We recommend structuring your mutation groups to be
// idempotent to avoid this issue.
func (c *restClient) BatchWrite(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.BatchWriteRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_BatchWriteClient, error) {
	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, UseEnumNumbers: true}
	jsonReq, err := m.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v:batchWrite", req.GetSession())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "session", url.QueryEscape(req.GetSession()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetSession()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/BatchWrite")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{session=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*/sessions/*}:batchWrite")
	}
	var streamClient *batchWriteRESTStreamClient
	e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseUrl.String(), bytes.NewReader(jsonReq))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		httpRsp, err := executeStreamingHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, jsonReq, "BatchWrite")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		streamClient = &batchWriteRESTStreamClient{
			ctx:    ctx,
			md:     metadata.MD(httpRsp.Header),
			stream: gax.NewProtoJSONStreamReader(httpRsp.Body, (&spannerpb.BatchWriteResponse{}).ProtoReflect().Type()),
		}
		return nil
	}, opts...)

	return streamClient, e
}

// batchWriteRESTStreamClient is the stream client used to consume the server stream created by
// the REST implementation of BatchWrite.
type batchWriteRESTStreamClient struct {
	ctx    context.Context
	md     metadata.MD
	stream *gax.ProtoJSONStream
}

func (c *batchWriteRESTStreamClient) Recv() (*spannerpb.BatchWriteResponse, error) {
	if err := c.ctx.Err(); err != nil {
		defer c.stream.Close()
		return nil, err
	}
	msg, err := c.stream.Recv()
	if err != nil {
		defer c.stream.Close()
		return nil, err
	}
	res := msg.(*spannerpb.BatchWriteResponse)
	return res, nil
}

func (c *batchWriteRESTStreamClient) Header() (metadata.MD, error) {
	return c.md, nil
}

func (c *batchWriteRESTStreamClient) Trailer() metadata.MD {
	return c.md
}

func (c *batchWriteRESTStreamClient) CloseSend() error {
	// This is a no-op to fulfill the interface.
	return errors.New("this method is not implemented for a server-stream")
}

func (c *batchWriteRESTStreamClient) Context() context.Context {
	return c.ctx
}

func (c *batchWriteRESTStreamClient) SendMsg(m interface{}) error {
	// This is a no-op to fulfill the interface.
	return errors.New("this method is not implemented for a server-stream")
}

func (c *batchWriteRESTStreamClient) RecvMsg(m interface{}) error {
	// This is a no-op to fulfill the interface.
	return errors.New("this method is not implemented, use Recv")
}

// FetchCacheUpdate retrieves a cache update for a given database.
//
// This RPC can be used to warm up the client cache by fetching key recipes
// and server information for a given database. It is recommended to call
// this RPC at the beginning of the client’s lifecycle, prior to any other
// data plane operations.
//
// The cache update is returned as a stream because the response can be too
// large to fit into a single CacheUpdate message.
func (c *restClient) FetchCacheUpdate(ctx context.Context, req *spannerpb.FetchCacheUpdateRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (spannerpb.Spanner_FetchCacheUpdateClient, error) {
	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true, UseEnumNumbers: true}
	jsonReq, err := m.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	baseUrl, err := url.Parse(c.endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	baseUrl.Path += fmt.Sprintf("/v1/%v:cacheUpdate", req.GetDatabase())

	params := url.Values{}
	params.Add("$alt", "json;enum-encoding=int")

	baseUrl.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	// Build HTTP headers from client and context metadata.
	hds := []string{"x-goog-request-params", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", "database", url.QueryEscape(req.GetDatabase()))}

	hds = append(c.xGoogHeaders, hds...)
	hds = append(hds, "Content-Type", "application/json")
	headers := gax.BuildHeaders(ctx, hds...)
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "resource_name", fmt.Sprintf("//spanner.googleapis.com/%v", req.GetDatabase()))
	}
	if gax.IsFeatureEnabled("METRICS") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("TRACING") || gax.IsFeatureEnabled("LOGGING") {
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "rpc_method", "google.spanner.v1.Spanner/FetchCacheUpdate")
		ctx = callctx.WithTelemetryContext(ctx, "url_template", "/v1/{database=projects/*/instances/*/databases/*}:cacheUpdate")
	}
	var streamClient *fetchCacheUpdateRESTStreamClient
	e := gax.Invoke(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, settings gax.CallSettings) error {
		if settings.Path != "" {
			baseUrl.Path = settings.Path
		}
		httpReq, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseUrl.String(), bytes.NewReader(jsonReq))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		httpReq = httpReq.WithContext(ctx)
		httpReq.Header = headers

		httpRsp, err := executeStreamingHTTPRequest(ctx, c.httpClient, httpReq, c.logger, jsonReq, "FetchCacheUpdate")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		streamClient = &fetchCacheUpdateRESTStreamClient{
			ctx:    ctx,
			md:     metadata.MD(httpRsp.Header),
			stream: gax.NewProtoJSONStreamReader(httpRsp.Body, (&spannerpb.CacheUpdate{}).ProtoReflect().Type()),
		}
		return nil
	}, opts...)

	return streamClient, e
}

// fetchCacheUpdateRESTStreamClient is the stream client used to consume the server stream created by
// the REST implementation of FetchCacheUpdate.
type fetchCacheUpdateRESTStreamClient struct {
	ctx    context.Context
	md     metadata.MD
	stream *gax.ProtoJSONStream
}

func (c *fetchCacheUpdateRESTStreamClient) Recv() (*spannerpb.CacheUpdate, error) {
	if err := c.ctx.Err(); err != nil {
		defer c.stream.Close()
		return nil, err
	}
	msg, err := c.stream.Recv()
	if err != nil {
		defer c.stream.Close()
		return nil, err
	}
	res := msg.(*spannerpb.CacheUpdate)
	return res, nil
}

func (c *fetchCacheUpdateRESTStreamClient) Header() (metadata.MD, error) {
	return c.md, nil
}

func (c *fetchCacheUpdateRESTStreamClient) Trailer() metadata.MD {
	return c.md
}

func (c *fetchCacheUpdateRESTStreamClient) CloseSend() error {
	// This is a no-op to fulfill the interface.
	return errors.New("this method is not implemented for a server-stream")
}

func (c *fetchCacheUpdateRESTStreamClient) Context() context.Context {
	return c.ctx
}

func (c *fetchCacheUpdateRESTStreamClient) SendMsg(m interface{}) error {
	// This is a no-op to fulfill the interface.
	return errors.New("this method is not implemented for a server-stream")
}

func (c *fetchCacheUpdateRESTStreamClient) RecvMsg(m interface{}) error {
	// This is a no-op to fulfill the interface.
	return errors.New("this method is not implemented, use Recv")
}