Revert "taskqueue: Implement Cloud Tasks v2beta3 backend for App Engine push queues with transactional outbox (#407)" (#409)

This reverts commit af6b28078e3fe97b3e3964556a03a1ad73898416.
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 5cc9fca..c6744ed 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,43 +1,9 @@
 module google.golang.org/appengine
 
-go 1.25.0
+go 1.11
 
 require (
-	cloud.google.com/go/cloudtasks v1.19.0
-	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4
-	golang.org/x/text v0.38.0
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11
-)
-
-require (
-	cloud.google.com/go v0.123.0 // indirect
-	cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.20.0 // indirect
-	cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8 // indirect
-	cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0 // indirect
-	cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.11.0 // indirect
-	cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.9 // indirect
-	github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.17 // indirect
-	github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.23.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.67.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.67.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.44.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.44.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.44.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.53.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.56.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.21.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.46.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.15.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/api v0.287.1 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260319201613-d00831a3d3e7 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260630182238-925bb5da69e7 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260630182238-925bb5da69e7 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.82.0 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2
+	golang.org/x/text v0.3.8
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.33.0
 )
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index f9ec04c..31a039d 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,96 +1,36 @@
-cloud.google.com/go v0.123.0 h1:2NAUJwPR47q+E35uaJeYoNhuNEM9kM8SjgRgdeOJUSE=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.123.0/go.mod h1:xBoMV08QcqUGuPW65Qfm1o9Y4zKZBpGS+7bImXLTAZU=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.20.0 h1:kXTssoVb4azsVDoUiF8KvxAqrsQcQtB53DcSgta74CA=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.20.0/go.mod h1:942/yi/itH1SsmpyrbnTMDgGfdy2BUqIKyd0cyYLc5Q=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8 h1:keo8NaayQZ6wimpNSmW5OPc283g65QNIiLpZnkHRbnc=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8/go.mod h1:XQ9y31RkqZCcwJWNSx2Xvric3RrU88hAYYbjDWYDL+c=
-cloud.google.com/go/cloudtasks v1.19.0 h1:+RK0lPIB6TlcBP7JyqmmhCNihp1Iw4QQ8uxcvlKhBVQ=
-cloud.google.com/go/cloudtasks v1.19.0/go.mod h1:8q8wNubq0jFvXW5Pz8P3O7QWJBXOmfrY918FqTgIqHA=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0 h1:pDUj4QMoPejqq20dK0Pg2N4yG9zIkYGdBtwLoEkH9Zs=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0/go.mod h1:E0bWwX5wTnLPedCKqk3pJmVgCBSM6qQI1yTBdEb3C10=
-cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.11.0 h1:KieQ9Pb+LLPak1O3Rv3GgCxhnmkYf7Xyh0P5HfF1jFM=
-cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.11.0/go.mod h1:KP+nKGugNJW4LcLx1uEZcq1ok5sQHFaQehQNl4QDgV4=
-cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v1.2.0 h1:WjYH3YHBGCxGJP9M4dWGHBfXr/cFIjMkNgWcJj7/iMM=
-cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v1.2.0/go.mod h1:5KMQALFGOCtFoi2xSOA1u3H7WKlhmckgiyFw7+LGQp0=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
-github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20260202195803-dba9d589def2 h1:aBangftG7EVZoUb69Os8IaYg++6uMOdKK83QtkkvJik=
-github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20260202195803-dba9d589def2/go.mod h1:qwXFYgsP6T7XnJtbKlf1HP8AjxZZyzxMmc+Lq5GjlU4=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc h1:U9qPSI2PIWSS1VwoXQT9A3Wy9MM3WgvqSxFWenqJduM=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.14.0 h1:hbG2kr4RuFj222B6+7T83thSPqLjwBIfQawTkC++2HA=
-github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy v1.37.0 h1:u3riX6BoYRfF4Dr7dwSOroNfdSbEPe9Yyl09/B6wBrQ=
-github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy v1.37.0/go.mod h1:DReE9MMrmecPy+YvQOAOHNYMALuowAnbjjEMkkWOi6A=
-github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.3.3 h1:MVQghNeW+LZcmXe7SY1V36Z+WFMDjpqGAGacLe2T0ds=
-github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.3.3/go.mod h1:TsndJ/ngyIdQRhMcVVGDDHINPLWB7C82oDArY51KfB0=
-github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 h1:NFTV2Zj1bL4mc9sqWACXbQFVBBg2W3GPvqp8/ESS2Wg=
-github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4/go.mod h1:m8KPJKqk1gH5J9DgRY2ASl2lWCfGKXixSwevea8zH2U=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 h1:CjnDlHq8ikf6E492q6eKboGOC0T8CDaOvkHCIg8idEI=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
-github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 h1:hSWxHoqTgW2S2qGc0LTAI563KZ5YKYRhT3MFKZMbjag=
-github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:mMo/vtBO5dYbehREoey6XUKy/eSumjCCveDpRre4VKE=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 h1:i7eJL8qZTpSEXOPTxNKhASYpMn+8e5Q6AdndVa1dWek=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4/go.mod h1:lnTiLA8Wa4RWRcIUkrtSVa5nRhsEGBg48fD6rSs7xps=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 h1:wk8382ETsv4JYUZwIsn6YpYiWiBsYLSJiTsyBybVuN8=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:pXiqmnSA92OHEEa9HXL2W4E7lf9JzCmGVUdgjX3N/iU=
-github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.9 h1:LGD7gtMgezd8a/Xak7mEWL0PjoTQFvpRudN895yqKW0=
-github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.9/go.mod h1:YA0Ei2ZQL3acow2O62kdp9UlnvMmU7kA6Eutn0dXayM=
-github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
-github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
-github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.17 h1:73NfMHdiqo9JFU9+7a5ExpVa10/R29pXfZIaW559nrg=
-github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.17/go.mod h1:rSEsBUemEBZEexP2y6jPp16LUmUbjmSbcPMQizR0o4k=
-github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.23.0 h1:Tchl7qkvE7Ip3y+ztvNufYFvkfqTe7NfLTYGIdJRLuE=
-github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.23.0/go.mod h1:rBQKOVJCdb8IFEzg+FCwlt1LP/xMDGuqUXhUG+XMXEg=
-github.com/planetscale/vtprotobuf v0.6.1-0.20240319094008-0393e58bdf10 h1:GFCKgmp0tecUJ0sJuv4pzYCqS9+RGSn52M3FUwPs+uo=
-github.com/planetscale/vtprotobuf v0.6.1-0.20240319094008-0393e58bdf10/go.mod h1:t/avpk3KcrXxUnYOhZhMXJlSEyie6gQbtLq5NM3loB8=
-github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 h1:Jamvg5psRIccs7FGNTlIRMkT8wgtp5eCXdBlqhYGL6U=
-github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1 h1:7s2iGBzp5EwR7/aIZr8ao5+dra3wiQyKjjFuvgVKu7U=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1/go.mod h1:wZwfW3scLgRK+23gO65QZefKpKQRnfz6sD981Nm4B6U=
-go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 h1:jXsnJ4Lmnqd11kwkBV2LgLoFMZKizbCi5fNZ/ipaZ64=
-go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1/go.mod h1:KRTj+aOaElaLi+wW1kO/DZRXwkF4C5xPbEe3ZiIhN7Y=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.67.0 h1:yI1/OhfEPy7J9eoa6Sj051C7n5dvpj0QX8g4sRchg04=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.67.0/go.mod h1:NoUCKYWK+3ecatC4HjkRktREheMeEtrXoQxrqYFeHSc=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.67.0 h1:OyrsyzuttWTSur2qN/Lm0m2a8yqyIjUVBZcxFPuXq2o=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.67.0/go.mod h1:C2NGBr+kAB4bk3xtMXfZ94gqFDtg/GkI7e9zqGh5Beg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.44.0 h1:JjwHmHpA4iZ3wBxluu2fbbE7j4kqlE8jXyAyPXH7HqU=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.44.0/go.mod h1:BMgjTHL9WPRlRjL2oZCBTL4whCGtXch2H4BhOPIAyYc=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.44.0 h1:1w0gILTcHdr3YI+ixLyjemwrVnsMURbTZFrSYCdDdmc=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.44.0/go.mod h1:8O7hanEPBNgEMmybD3s2VBKcgWOCsA6tzHBPODAiquo=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.44.0 h1:nHYwb9lK+fJPU/dnT6s7W7Z8itMWyqrnVfbheVYrZ58=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.44.0/go.mod h1:Osuydd3Se74nqjAKxid74N5eC+jfEqfTegHRnq58oK0=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.44.0 h1:3LlKgI+VjbVsjNRFZJZAJ30WjXC5VkNRks6si09iEfI=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.44.0/go.mod h1:5B5pMARnXxKhltooO4xUuCBorl65a4EpnTalObqOigA=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.44.0 h1:jxF5CsGYCe74MCRx2X4g7WsY/VBKRqqpNvXlX/6gtIk=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.44.0/go.mod h1:oLl1jrMQAVo6v3GAggN+1VH9VIz9iUSvW53sW1Q8PIE=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.53.0 h1:QZ4Muo8THX6CizN2vPPd5fBGHyogrdK9fG4wLPFUsto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.53.0/go.mod h1:DNLU434OwVakk9PzuwV8w62mAJpRJL3vsgcfp4Qnsio=
-golang.org/x/net v0.56.0 h1:Rw8j/hFzGvJUZwNBXnAtf5sVDVt+65SK2C7IxCxZt5o=
-golang.org/x/net v0.56.0/go.mod h1:D3Ku6r+V6JROoZK144D2XfMHFcMq/0zSfLelVTCFKec=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 h1:peZ/1z27fi9hUOFCAZaHyrpWG5lwe0RJEEEeH0ThlIs=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0/go.mod h1:YDBUJMTkDnJS+A4BP4eZBjCqtokkg1hODuPjwiGPO7Q=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.21.0 h1:HLII4xRRTtCRkxYp4HNFF0Js/Og6q2i++KXbg0gHCwM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.21.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.46.0 h1:noSf2Fq6F8DBgS+LysIkx7rIExoNHJsxOAtPp4rthXw=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.46.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
-golang.org/x/text v0.38.0 h1:sXmwo9DwP3OK9EZ7PqAdaooSGozfl/3a6/xJcbzPRhE=
-golang.org/x/text v0.38.0/go.mod h1:YXZt3QhHUKYT53r2lLKFIVi6Ao1jdzrTR/KQ09qyxF4=
-golang.org/x/time v0.15.0 h1:bbrp8t3bGUeFOx08pvsMYRTCVSMk89u4tKbNOZbp88U=
-golang.org/x/time v0.15.0/go.mod h1:Y4YMaQmXwGQZoFaVFk4YpCt4FLQMYKZe9oeV/f4MSno=
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-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260319201613-d00831a3d3e7 h1:XzmzkmB14QhVhgnawEVsOn6OFsnpyxNPRY9QV01dNB0=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260319201613-d00831a3d3e7/go.mod h1:L43LFes82YgSonw6iTXTxXUX1OlULt4AQtkik4ULL/I=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260630182238-925bb5da69e7 h1:jQ9p21COKWjP3VwuFrNRiiOTMh3mPpN45R7SLrH/HUU=
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+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220520151302-bc2c85ada10a/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220722155257-8c9f86f7a55f/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
+golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.8 h1:nAL+RVCQ9uMn3vJZbV+MRnydTJFPf8qqY42YiA6MrqY=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.8/go.mod h1:E6s5w1FMmriuDzIBO73fBruAKo1PCIq6d2Q6DHfQ8WQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543 h1:E7g+9GITq07hpfrRu66IVDexMakfv52eLZ2CXBWiKr4=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.33.0 h1:uNO2rsAINq/JlFpSdYEKIZ0uKD/R9cpdv0T+yoGwGmI=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.33.0/go.mod h1:c6P6GXX6sHbq/GpV6MGZEdwhWPcYBgnhAHhKbcUYpos=
diff --git a/internal/transaction.go b/internal/transaction.go
index 1f1097b..2ae8ab9 100644
--- a/internal/transaction.go
+++ b/internal/transaction.go
@@ -17,23 +17,6 @@
 	pb "google.golang.org/appengine/internal/datastore"
 )
 
-// Transaction hooks for taskqueue outbox pattern
-var (
-	PostCommitHook func(ctx context.Context, handle uint64)
-	RollbackHook   func(handle uint64)
-)
-
-func TransactionFromContext(ctx context.Context) *pb.Transaction {
-	if t := transactionFromContext(ctx); t != nil {
-		return &t.transaction
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TransactionlessContext(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
-	return withTransaction(ctx, nil)
-}
-
 var transactionSetters = make(map[reflect.Type]reflect.Value)
 
 // RegisterTransactionSetter registers a function that sets transaction information
@@ -106,9 +89,6 @@
 		// Ignore the error return value, since we are already returning a non-nil
 		// error (or we're panicking).
 		Call(c, "datastore_v3", "Rollback", &t.transaction, &basepb.VoidProto{})
-		if RollbackHook != nil {
-			RollbackHook(t.transaction.GetHandle())
-		}
 	}()
 	if err := f(withTransaction(c, t)); err != nil {
 		return &t.transaction, err
@@ -131,12 +111,5 @@
 			return &t.transaction, ErrConcurrentTransaction
 		}
 	}
-	if err == nil {
-		if PostCommitHook != nil {
-			PostCommitHook(c, t.transaction.GetHandle())
-		}
-	} else if RollbackHook != nil {
-		RollbackHook(t.transaction.GetHandle())
-	}
 	return &t.transaction, err
 }
diff --git a/taskqueue/cloudtask.go b/taskqueue/cloudtask.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 10e67d7..0000000
--- a/taskqueue/cloudtask.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,586 +0,0 @@
-package taskqueue
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"regexp"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"google.golang.org/appengine"
-	"google.golang.org/appengine/datastore"
-	"google.golang.org/appengine/internal"
-	pb "google.golang.org/appengine/internal/taskqueue"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
-
-	cloudtasks "cloud.google.com/go/cloudtasks/apiv2beta3"
-	taskspb "cloud.google.com/go/cloudtasks/apiv2beta3/cloudtaskspb"
-)
-
-const (
-	maxTaskPayloadBytes   = 100 * 1024 // 100 KB max payload size for Cloud Tasks
-	maxTransactionalTasks = 5          // Maximum tasks allowed in a single Datastore transaction
-	batchCreateChunkSize  = 100        // Maximum tasks per BatchCreateTasks request
-	batchDeleteChunkSize  = 1000       // Maximum tasks per BatchDeleteTasks request
-
-	grpcNotFound      = 5
-	grpcAlreadyExists = 6
-	httpNotFound      = 404
-	httpAlreadyExists = 409
-)
-
-var (
-	taskNameRegex                = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$`)
-	ErrTooManyTasksInTransaction = &internal.APIError{
-		Service: "taskqueue",
-		Detail:  "too many tasks in transaction",
-		Code:    int32(pb.TaskQueueServiceError_TOO_MANY_TASKS),
-	}
-)
-
-func useCloudTasks() bool {
-	v, _ := strconv.ParseBool(os.Getenv("APPENGINE_USE_CLOUDTASK_PUSH_QUEUE"))
-	return v
-}
-
-func newUnknownTaskError(detail string) error {
-	return &internal.APIError{
-		Service: "taskqueue",
-		Detail:  detail,
-		Code:    int32(pb.TaskQueueServiceError_UNKNOWN_TASK),
-	}
-}
-
-func isAlreadyExistsError(err error) bool {
-	if err == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	msg := err.Error()
-	return strings.Contains(msg, "AlreadyExists") || strings.Contains(msg, "already exists") || strings.Contains(msg, "409") || strings.Contains(msg, "Policy checks are unavailable")
-}
-
-func isUnimplementedError(err error) bool {
-	if err == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	msg := err.Error()
-	return strings.Contains(msg, "Unimplemented") || strings.Contains(msg, "unknown method") || strings.Contains(msg, "404")
-}
-
-func getQueuePath(ctx context.Context, queueName string) (string, error) {
-	if queueName == "" {
-		queueName = "default"
-	}
-	project := appengine.AppID(ctx)
-	if idx := strings.Index(project, "~"); idx != -1 {
-		project = project[idx+1:]
-	}
-	region, err := getRegion(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get region: %v", err)
-	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/queues/%s", project, region, queueName), nil
-}
-
-func getRegion(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/region", nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	req.Header.Set("Metadata-Flavor", "Google")
-	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req.WithContext(ctx))
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("metadata server returned status %d", resp.StatusCode)
-	}
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(string(body)), "/")
-	if len(parts) == 0 {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid region format: %s", string(body))
-	}
-	return parts[len(parts)-1], nil
-}
-
-func sendTask(ctx context.Context, queueName string, taskName string, taskObj *taskspb.Task) (string, error) {
-	parent, err := getQueuePath(ctx, queueName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	client, err := cloudtasks.NewClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create cloudtasks client: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	req := &taskspb.CreateTaskRequest{
-		Parent: parent,
-		Task:   taskObj,
-	}
-
-	createdTask, err := client.CreateTask(ctx, req)
-	if err != nil {
-		if isAlreadyExistsError(err) {
-			return "", ErrTaskAlreadyAdded
-		}
-		return "", err
-	}
-	shortName := taskName
-	if createdTask != nil && createdTask.Name != "" {
-		if idx := strings.LastIndex(createdTask.Name, "/"); idx != -1 {
-			shortName = createdTask.Name[idx+1:]
-		} else {
-			shortName = createdTask.Name
-		}
-	}
-	return shortName, nil
-}
-
-func extractServiceFromHost(ctx context.Context, host string) string {
-	if host == "" {
-		if s := os.Getenv("GAE_SERVICE"); s != "" {
-			return s
-		}
-		return "default"
-	}
-
-	if idx := strings.Index(host, ":"); idx != -1 {
-		host = host[:idx]
-	}
-
-	project := appengine.AppID(ctx)
-	if idx := strings.Index(project, "~"); idx != -1 {
-		project = project[idx+1:]
-	}
-
-	pIdx := strings.Index(host, project)
-	if pIdx == -1 {
-		defaultHost := appengine.DefaultVersionHostname(ctx)
-		if host == defaultHost {
-			return "default"
-		}
-		return host
-	}
-
-	domainSuffix := host[pIdx:]
-	if host == domainSuffix {
-		return "default"
-	}
-
-	suffixes := []string{
-		"." + domainSuffix,
-		"-dot-" + domainSuffix,
-	}
-	stripped := host
-	for _, suffix := range suffixes {
-		if strings.HasSuffix(stripped, suffix) {
-			stripped = stripped[:len(stripped)-len(suffix)]
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	if stripped == host {
-		return host
-	}
-
-	stripped = strings.ReplaceAll(stripped, "-dot-", ".")
-	parts := strings.Split(stripped, ".")
-	if len(parts) > 0 {
-		return parts[len(parts)-1]
-	}
-	return "default"
-}
-
-func buildCloudTaskProto(ctx context.Context, queueName string, task *Task) (*taskspb.Task, string, error) {
-	if task.Name != "" {
-		if !taskNameRegex.MatchString(task.Name) {
-			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("taskqueue: invalid task name %q", task.Name)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(task.Payload) > maxTaskPayloadBytes {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("taskqueue: task too large (%d bytes)", len(task.Payload))
-	}
-
-	queuePath, err := getQueuePath(ctx, queueName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	taskName := task.Name
-	var fullTaskName string
-	if taskName != "" {
-		fullTaskName = fmt.Sprintf("%s/tasks/%s", queuePath, taskName)
-	}
-
-	path := task.Path
-	if path == "" {
-		path = "/_ah/queue/" + queueName
-	}
-
-	headers := make(map[string]string)
-	for k, vs := range task.Header {
-		if len(vs) > 0 {
-			headers[k] = vs[0]
-		}
-	}
-
-	if _, ok := headers["Content-Type"]; !ok {
-		headers["Content-Type"] = "application/octet-stream"
-	}
-	if _, ok := headers["X-AppEngine-QueueName"]; !ok {
-		headers["X-AppEngine-QueueName"] = queueName
-	}
-	if taskName != "" {
-		if _, ok := headers["X-AppEngine-TaskName"]; !ok {
-			headers["X-AppEngine-TaskName"] = taskName
-		}
-	}
-
-	targetService := extractServiceFromHost(ctx, headers["Host"])
-	var routing *taskspb.AppEngineRouting
-	if targetService != "" {
-		routing = &taskspb.AppEngineRouting{
-			Service: targetService,
-		}
-	}
-	delete(headers, "Host")
-	ae := &taskspb.AppEngineHttpRequest{
-		RelativeUri:      path,
-		Headers:          headers,
-		Body:             task.Payload,
-		AppEngineRouting: routing,
-	}
-	if code, ok := taskspb.HttpMethod_value[task.method()]; ok {
-		ae.HttpMethod = taskspb.HttpMethod(code)
-	}
-
-	taskObj := &taskspb.Task{
-		Name: fullTaskName,
-		PayloadType: &taskspb.Task_AppEngineHttpRequest{
-			AppEngineHttpRequest: ae,
-		},
-	}
-
-	if !task.ETA.IsZero() {
-		taskObj.ScheduleTime = timestamppb.New(task.ETA)
-	} else if task.Delay > 0 {
-		taskObj.ScheduleTime = timestamppb.New(time.Now().Add(task.Delay))
-	}
-
-	if task.RetryOptions != nil {
-		rc := &taskspb.RetryConfig{}
-		hasRC := false
-		if task.RetryOptions.RetryLimit > 0 {
-			rc.MaxAttempts = task.RetryOptions.RetryLimit
-			hasRC = true
-		}
-		if task.RetryOptions.AgeLimit > 0 {
-			rc.MaxRetryDuration = durationpb.New(task.RetryOptions.AgeLimit)
-			hasRC = true
-		}
-		if task.RetryOptions.MinBackoff > 0 {
-			rc.MinBackoff = durationpb.New(task.RetryOptions.MinBackoff)
-			hasRC = true
-		}
-		if task.RetryOptions.MaxBackoff > 0 {
-			rc.MaxBackoff = durationpb.New(task.RetryOptions.MaxBackoff)
-			hasRC = true
-		}
-		if task.RetryOptions.MaxDoublings > 0 || (task.RetryOptions.MaxDoublings == 0 && task.RetryOptions.ApplyZeroMaxDoublings) {
-			rc.MaxDoublings = task.RetryOptions.MaxDoublings
-			hasRC = true
-		}
-		if hasRC {
-			taskObj.RetryConfig = rc
-		}
-	}
-
-	return taskObj, taskName, nil
-}
-
-func addInCloudTasks(ctx context.Context, task *Task, queueName string) (*Task, error) {
-	if queueName == "" {
-		queueName = "default"
-	}
-
-	taskObj, taskName, err := buildCloudTaskProto(ctx, queueName, task)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	// In App Engine Datastore, external HTTP/gRPC Cloud Tasks RPCs cannot participate
-	// in Datastore 2PC transactions. If we are running inside an active Datastore transaction,
-	// we stage the task as a _AE_PendingCloudTask entity in Datastore under the transaction.
-	// When the transaction commits, PostCommitHook dispatches the staged task to Cloud Tasks.
-	if t := internal.TransactionFromContext(ctx); t != nil {
-		handle := t.GetHandle()
-		pendingTasksMu.Lock()
-		if len(pendingTasks[handle]) >= maxTransactionalTasks {
-			pendingTasksMu.Unlock()
-			return nil, ErrTooManyTasksInTransaction
-		}
-		pendingTasksMu.Unlock()
-
-		protoBytes, err := proto.Marshal(taskObj)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal proto for transactional task: %v", err)
-		}
-		key := datastore.NewIncompleteKey(ctx, "_AE_PendingCloudTask", nil)
-		pendingTask := &PendingCloudTask{
-			QueueName:        queueName,
-			CloudTaskName:    taskName,
-			CloudTaskPayload: string(protoBytes),
-			Created:          time.Now(),
-			Status:           "PENDING",
-			RetryCount:       0,
-			LastError:        "",
-			HandledBySweeper: false,
-			SdkLang:          "GO",
-		}
-		key, err = datastore.Put(ctx, key, pendingTask)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to save transactional task to Datastore: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		pendingTasksMu.Lock()
-		pendingTasks[handle] = append(pendingTasks[handle], key.Encode())
-		pendingTasksMu.Unlock()
-
-		resultTask := *task
-		resultTask.Name = taskName
-		resultTask.Method = task.method()
-		return &resultTask, nil
-	}
-
-	assignedName, err := sendTask(ctx, queueName, taskName, taskObj)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	resultTask := *task
-	resultTask.Name = assignedName
-	resultTask.Method = task.method()
-	return &resultTask, nil
-}
-
-func addMultiInCloudTasks(ctx context.Context, tasks []*Task, queueName string) ([]*Task, error) {
-	// If AddMulti is called inside a Datastore transaction, each task in the batch
-	// is transactionally staged in Datastore via addInCloudTasks so that all tasks
-	// commit atomically with the Datastore transaction.
-	if t := internal.TransactionFromContext(ctx); t != nil {
-		handle := t.GetHandle()
-		pendingTasksMu.Lock()
-		if len(pendingTasks[handle])+len(tasks) > maxTransactionalTasks {
-			pendingTasksMu.Unlock()
-			return nil, ErrTooManyTasksInTransaction
-		}
-		pendingTasksMu.Unlock()
-
-		me, any := make(appengine.MultiError, len(tasks)), false
-		results := make([]*Task, len(tasks))
-		for i, task := range tasks {
-			res, err := addInCloudTasks(ctx, task, queueName)
-			if err != nil {
-				me[i] = err
-				any = true
-			} else {
-				results[i] = res
-			}
-		}
-		if any {
-			return results, me
-		}
-		return results, nil
-	}
-
-	fullQueueName, err := getQueuePath(ctx, queueName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	me, any := make(appengine.MultiError, len(tasks)), false
-	results := make([]*Task, len(tasks))
-
-	client, err := cloudtasks.NewClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create cloudtasks client: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	chunkSize := batchCreateChunkSize
-	for chunkStart := 0; chunkStart < len(tasks); chunkStart += chunkSize {
-		chunkEnd := chunkStart + chunkSize
-		if chunkEnd > len(tasks) {
-			chunkEnd = len(tasks)
-		}
-		chunkTasks := tasks[chunkStart:chunkEnd]
-
-		createReqs := make([]*taskspb.CreateTaskRequest, 0, len(chunkTasks))
-		for i, t := range chunkTasks {
-			taskObj, taskName, err := buildCloudTaskProto(ctx, queueName, t)
-			if err != nil {
-				me[chunkStart+i] = err
-				any = true
-				continue
-			}
-			results[chunkStart+i] = new(Task)
-			*results[chunkStart+i] = *t
-			results[chunkStart+i].Name = taskName
-			results[chunkStart+i].Method = t.method()
-
-			createReqs = append(createReqs, &taskspb.CreateTaskRequest{
-				Parent: fullQueueName,
-				Task:   taskObj,
-			})
-		}
-		if len(createReqs) == 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		batchReq := &taskspb.BatchCreateTasksRequest{
-			Parent:   fullQueueName,
-			Requests: createReqs,
-		}
-
-		op, err := client.BatchCreateTasks(ctx, batchReq)
-		if err != nil {
-			if isUnimplementedError(err) {
-				for i, t := range chunkTasks {
-					if me[chunkStart+i] != nil {
-						continue
-					}
-					res, err := addInCloudTasks(ctx, t, queueName)
-					if err != nil {
-						me[chunkStart+i] = err
-						any = true
-					} else {
-						results[chunkStart+i] = res
-					}
-				}
-			} else {
-				for i := range chunkTasks {
-					if me[chunkStart+i] == nil {
-						me[chunkStart+i] = err
-						any = true
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		} else if op != nil {
-			meta, _ := op.Metadata()
-			resp, _ := op.Wait(ctx)
-			for i := range chunkTasks {
-				if meta != nil && meta.FailedRequests != nil {
-					if st, failed := meta.FailedRequests[int32(i)]; failed && st != nil && st.Code != 0 {
-						me[chunkStart+i] = mapOperationErrorCode(int(st.Code), st.Message, false)
-						any = true
-						continue
-					}
-				}
-				if resp != nil && i < len(resp.Tasks) && resp.Tasks[i] != nil {
-					createdTask := resp.Tasks[i]
-					if createdTask.Name != "" && results[chunkStart+i] != nil {
-						if idx := strings.LastIndex(createdTask.Name, "/"); idx != -1 {
-							results[chunkStart+i].Name = createdTask.Name[idx+1:]
-						} else {
-							results[chunkStart+i].Name = createdTask.Name
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if any {
-		return results, me
-	}
-	return results, nil
-}
-
-func deleteMultiInCloudTasks(ctx context.Context, tasks []*Task, queueName string) error {
-	fullQueueName, err := getQueuePath(ctx, queueName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	client, err := cloudtasks.NewClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create cloudtasks client: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	me, any := make(appengine.MultiError, len(tasks)), false
-
-	chunkSize := batchDeleteChunkSize
-	for chunkStart := 0; chunkStart < len(tasks); chunkStart += chunkSize {
-		chunkEnd := chunkStart + chunkSize
-		if chunkEnd > len(tasks) {
-			chunkEnd = len(tasks)
-		}
-		chunkTasks := tasks[chunkStart:chunkEnd]
-
-		names := make([]string, len(chunkTasks))
-		for i, t := range chunkTasks {
-			names[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%s/tasks/%s", fullQueueName, t.Name)
-		}
-
-		batchReq := &taskspb.BatchDeleteTasksRequest{
-			Parent: fullQueueName,
-			Names:  names,
-		}
-
-		op, err := client.BatchDeleteTasks(ctx, batchReq)
-		if err != nil {
-			for i := range chunkTasks {
-				me[chunkStart+i] = err
-				any = true
-			}
-		} else if op != nil {
-			meta, _ := op.Metadata()
-			for i := range chunkTasks {
-				if meta != nil && meta.FailedRequests != nil {
-					if st, failed := meta.FailedRequests[int32(i)]; failed && st != nil && st.Code != 0 {
-						me[chunkStart+i] = mapOperationErrorCode(int(st.Code), st.Message, true)
-						any = true
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if any {
-		return me
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-
-
-func mapOperationErrorCode(code int, msg string, isDelete bool) error {
-	lowerMsg := strings.ToLower(msg)
-	isNotFound := code == grpcNotFound || code == httpNotFound || strings.Contains(lowerMsg, "not found") || strings.Contains(lowerMsg, "unknown")
-	isAlreadyExists := code == grpcAlreadyExists || code == httpAlreadyExists || strings.Contains(lowerMsg, "already exists")
-
-	if isDelete && isNotFound {
-		return newUnknownTaskError(msg)
-	}
-	if isAlreadyExists || (isNotFound && strings.Contains(lowerMsg, "requested entity was not found")) {
-		return ErrTaskAlreadyAdded
-	}
-	if isNotFound {
-		return newUnknownTaskError(msg)
-	}
-	return fmt.Errorf("cloud tasks operation failed (%d): %s", code, msg)
-}
diff --git a/taskqueue/cloudtask_transactional.go b/taskqueue/cloudtask_transactional.go
deleted file mode 100644
index f52c310..0000000
--- a/taskqueue/cloudtask_transactional.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,242 +0,0 @@
-package taskqueue
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"google.golang.org/appengine"
-	"google.golang.org/appengine/datastore"
-	"google.golang.org/appengine/internal"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
-
-	taskspb "cloud.google.com/go/cloudtasks/apiv2beta3/cloudtaskspb"
-)
-
-const (
-	statusPending       = "PENDING"
-	statusProcessing    = "PROCESSING"
-	statusFailed        = "FAILED"
-	statusDone          = "DONE"
-	statusAlreadyExists = "ALREADY_EXISTS"
-
-	lockDuration        = 60 * time.Second
-	fastPathGracePeriod = 60 * time.Second
-	maxSweeperRetries   = 5
-	maxLastErrorLength  = 500
-)
-
-type PendingCloudTask struct {
-	QueueName        string    `datastore:"queue_name"`
-	CloudTaskName    string    `datastore:"cloud_task_name"`
-	CloudTaskPayload string    `datastore:"cloud_task_payload,noindex"`
-	Created          time.Time `datastore:"created"`
-	Status           string    `datastore:"status"`
-	LockExpires      time.Time `datastore:"lock_expires"`
-	RetryCount       int64     `datastore:"retry_count"`
-	LastError        string    `datastore:"last_error,noindex"`
-	HandledBySweeper bool      `datastore:"handled_by_sweeper"`
-	SdkLang          string    `datastore:"sdk_lang"`
-}
-
-var (
-	pendingTasksMu sync.Mutex
-	pendingTasks   = make(map[uint64][]string) // transaction handle -> list of urlsafe keys
-)
-
-func init() {
-	internal.PostCommitHook = func(ctx context.Context, handle uint64) {
-		go dispatchPendingTasks(ctx, handle)
-	}
-	internal.RollbackHook = func(handle uint64) {
-		cleanupPendingTasks(handle)
-	}
-	http.HandleFunc("/_ah/cloudtask/sweep", handleSweep)
-}
-
-func cleanupPendingTasks(handle uint64) {
-	pendingTasksMu.Lock()
-	delete(pendingTasks, handle)
-	pendingTasksMu.Unlock()
-}
-
-type noCancelContext struct {
-	context.Context
-}
-
-func (c *noCancelContext) Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool) {
-	return time.Time{}, false
-}
-
-func (c *noCancelContext) Done() <-chan struct{} {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *noCancelContext) Err() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func logErrorf(ctx context.Context, format string, v ...interface{}) {
-	log.Printf("ERROR: "+format, v...)
-}
-
-func dispatchPendingTasks(ctx context.Context, handle uint64) {
-	pendingTasksMu.Lock()
-	urlsafeKeys, ok := pendingTasks[handle]
-	if ok {
-		delete(pendingTasks, handle)
-	}
-	pendingTasksMu.Unlock()
-
-	if !ok || len(urlsafeKeys) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	noCancelCtx := &noCancelContext{Context: internal.TransactionlessContext(ctx)}
-
-	for _, urlsafeKey := range urlsafeKeys {
-		key, err := datastore.DecodeKey(urlsafeKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			logErrorf(ctx, "Failed to decode pending task key: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		var taskEntity PendingCloudTask
-		err = datastore.Get(noCancelCtx, key, &taskEntity)
-		if err != nil {
-			logErrorf(ctx, "Failed to get pending task from Datastore: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		now := time.Now()
-		taskEntity.Status = statusProcessing
-		taskEntity.LockExpires = now.Add(lockDuration)
-		taskEntity.HandledBySweeper = false
-		if _, err := datastore.Put(noCancelCtx, key, &taskEntity); err != nil {
-			logErrorf(ctx, "Failed to acquire lock in fast-path for task %s: %v", taskEntity.CloudTaskName, err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		var taskObj taskspb.Task
-		if err := proto.Unmarshal([]byte(taskEntity.CloudTaskPayload), &taskObj); err != nil {
-			logErrorf(ctx, "Failed to unmarshal pending task proto: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		_, err = sendTask(noCancelCtx, taskEntity.QueueName, taskEntity.CloudTaskName, &taskObj)
-		if err != nil {
-			if err == ErrTaskAlreadyAdded {
-				datastore.Delete(noCancelCtx, key)
-				continue
-			}
-			logErrorf(ctx, "Failed to dispatch task %s to queue %s: %v", taskEntity.CloudTaskName, taskEntity.QueueName, err)
-			taskEntity.RetryCount++
-			taskEntity.LastError = err.Error()
-			if len(taskEntity.LastError) > maxLastErrorLength {
-				taskEntity.LastError = taskEntity.LastError[:maxLastErrorLength]
-			}
-			taskEntity.Status = statusPending
-			datastore.Put(noCancelCtx, key, &taskEntity)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		err = datastore.Delete(noCancelCtx, key)
-		if err != nil {
-			logErrorf(ctx, "Failed to delete pending task %s from Datastore: %v", taskEntity.CloudTaskName, err)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func sweep(ctx context.Context) error {
-	query := datastore.NewQuery("_AE_PendingCloudTask")
-	var tasks []PendingCloudTask
-	keys, err := query.GetAll(ctx, &tasks)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to query _AE_PendingCloudTask: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	now := time.Now()
-	count := 0
-	for i, key := range keys {
-		task := tasks[i]
-		if task.Status == statusDone || task.Status == statusAlreadyExists {
-			continue
-		}
-		if task.Status == statusProcessing {
-			if !task.LockExpires.IsZero() && now.Before(task.LockExpires) {
-				continue // Still actively processing and lock valid
-			} else if task.LockExpires.IsZero() {
-				continue // Assume lock valid if just started
-			}
-		} else if task.Status == statusPending || task.Status == "" {
-			if !task.Created.IsZero() && now.Sub(task.Created) < fastPathGracePeriod {
-				continue // Give fast-path grace period to dispatch post-commit
-			}
-		} else if task.Status == statusFailed && task.RetryCount >= maxSweeperRetries {
-			continue // Exceeded max sweeper retries
-		}
-
-		// Acquire lock
-		task.Status = statusProcessing
-		task.LockExpires = now.Add(lockDuration)
-		task.HandledBySweeper = true
-		if _, err := datastore.Put(ctx, key, &task); err != nil {
-			logErrorf(ctx, "Sweeper failed to acquire lock for task %s: %v", task.CloudTaskName, err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		var taskObj taskspb.Task
-		if err := proto.Unmarshal([]byte(task.CloudTaskPayload), &taskObj); err != nil {
-			logErrorf(ctx, "Sweeper failed to unmarshal pending task proto: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		_, err := sendTask(ctx, task.QueueName, task.CloudTaskName, &taskObj)
-		if err != nil && err != ErrTaskAlreadyAdded {
-			logErrorf(ctx, "Sweeper failed to dispatch task %s: %v", task.CloudTaskName, err)
-			task.RetryCount++
-			task.LastError = err.Error()
-			if len(task.LastError) > maxLastErrorLength {
-				task.LastError = task.LastError[:maxLastErrorLength]
-			}
-			if task.RetryCount >= maxSweeperRetries {
-				task.Status = statusFailed
-				task.LockExpires = time.Time{}
-			} else {
-				task.Status = statusPending
-				task.LockExpires = time.Time{}
-			}
-			if _, putErr := datastore.Put(ctx, key, &task); putErr != nil {
-				logErrorf(ctx, "Sweeper failed to record error state for task %s: %v", task.CloudTaskName, putErr)
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if err := datastore.Delete(ctx, key); err != nil {
-			logErrorf(ctx, "Sweeper failed to delete entity %s: %v", task.CloudTaskName, err)
-		}
-		count++
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("Cloud Tasks sweeper processed %d tasks.", count)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func handleSweep(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	isCron := strings.EqualFold(r.Header.Get("X-AppEngine-Cron"), "true") || strings.EqualFold(r.Header.Get("X-Appengine-Cron"), "true")
-	if !isCron && !appengine.IsDevAppServer() {
-		http.Error(w, "Access denied: endpoint only accessible via App Engine Cron.", http.StatusForbidden)
-		return
-	}
-	ctx := appengine.NewContext(r)
-	if err := sweep(ctx); err != nil {
-		logErrorf(ctx, "Sweeper failed: %v", err)
-		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Sweeper failed: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	w.Write([]byte("Sweeper completed successfully.\n"))
-}
diff --git a/taskqueue/taskqueue.go b/taskqueue/taskqueue.go
index ff09e1e..4bbe731 100644
--- a/taskqueue/taskqueue.go
+++ b/taskqueue/taskqueue.go
@@ -283,9 +283,6 @@
 // Add returns an equivalent Task with defaults filled in, including setting
 // the task's Name field to the chosen name if the original was empty.
 func Add(c context.Context, task *Task, queueName string) (*Task, error) {
-	if useCloudTasks() && task.Method != "PULL" {
-		return addInCloudTasks(c, task, queueName)
-	}
 	req, err := newAddReq(c, task, queueName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -312,11 +309,6 @@
 // each task's Name field to the chosen name if the original was empty.
 // If a given task is badly formed or could not be added, an appengine.MultiError is returned.
 func AddMulti(c context.Context, tasks []*Task, queueName string) ([]*Task, error) {
-	if useCloudTasks() {
-		if len(tasks) > 0 && tasks[0].Method != "PULL" {
-			return addMultiInCloudTasks(c, tasks, queueName)
-		}
-	}
 	req := &pb.TaskQueueBulkAddRequest{
 		AddRequest: make([]*pb.TaskQueueAddRequest, len(tasks)),
 	}
@@ -375,11 +367,6 @@
 // Each task is deleted independently; one may fail to delete while the others
 // are successfully deleted.
 func DeleteMulti(c context.Context, tasks []*Task, queueName string) error {
-	if useCloudTasks() {
-		if len(tasks) > 0 && tasks[0].Method != "PULL" {
-			return deleteMultiInCloudTasks(c, tasks, queueName)
-		}
-	}
 	taskNames := make([][]byte, len(tasks))
 	for i, t := range tasks {
 		taskNames[i] = []byte(t.Name)