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alt="Pyrefly Logo" class="x129qt2x xc8tqf8 x1avslx0 themedComponent_mlkZ themedComponent--dark_xIcU"><h1 class="xzfcrpp xat24cr x1u7k74 xiuzu7u x1qf6e5x">Catch bugs before you run your code</h1></section></div><div style="opacity:0"><section class="x78zum5 xdt5ytf xg01cxk xh3jouh xg9xeqz x1p40xyo"><div class="xznfmru xgv0goc xur7f20 xrrrfcd x1sxouoy xmx98tf x5yr21d x78zum5 xdt5ytf x1dti6c x11qee0y xomzojh x8233eu x1eq25fj" role="img" aria-label="Pyrefly reporting that the json module has no attribute lods, suggesting loads"><pre class="x1ghz6dp x1717udv x1md70p1 xyr29y3 x1dbl2gt xiuzu7u xw2csxc"><code><span class="x14qql8p">import</span> <!-- -->json<!-- --> | |
| <!-- -->data = json.<span class="xujl8zx x1xxi7tn xq50er6 xda060z">lods</span>(response)</code></pre><p class="x1ghz6dp x1qzg9v8 x1evy7pa xiuzu7u"><span class="xpap3if x117nqv4">✕</span> <!-- -->Module `json` has no attribute `lods`. Did you mean `loads`?</p></div><div class="xh8yej3 x78zum5 xdt5ytf x6s0dn4 xl56j7k x1jpgh95 x1p40xyo x1ojkfpl x1hc1fzr x1ihime0 xapusii"><pre class="xznfmru xgv0goc xrrrfcd x1sxouoy xmx98tf x5yr21d x78zum5 xdt5ytf x1dti6c x11qee0y x11gisft xh8yej3 x12oqio5 xiuzu7u x1crhz8b x1anpbxc x1n2onr6 x126k92a xj0a0fe x1jchvi3"><code><span class="x87ps6o">$ </span>pip install pyrefly && pyrefly init</code><button class="x10l6tqk xndqk7f x1pzoy33 x1gs6z28 xjbqb8w xiuzu7u x1277o0a" title="Copy to clipboard"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="340 364 14 15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="currentColor" d="M342 375.974h4v.998h-4v-.998zm5-5.987h-5v.998h5v-.998zm2 2.994v-1.995l-3 2.993 3 2.994v-1.996h5v-1.995h-5zm-4.5-.997H342v.998h2.5v-.997zm-2.5 2.993h2.5v-.998H342v.998zm9 .998h1v1.996c-.016.28-.11.514-.297.702-.187.187-.422.28-.703.296h-10c-.547 0-1-.452-1-.998v-10.976c0-.546.453-.998 1-.998h3c0-1.107.89-1.996 2-1.996 1.11 0 2 .89 2 1.996h3c.547 0 1 .452 1 .998v4.99h-1v-2.995h-10v8.98h10v-1.996zm-9-7.983h8c0-.544-.453-.996-1-.996h-1c-.547 0-1-.453-1-.998 0-.546-.453-.998-1-.998-.547 0-1 .452-1 .998 0 .545-.453.998-1 .998h-1c-.547 0-1 .452-1 .997z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></button></pre></div><div class="x78zum5 x1q0g3np x1a02dak x883omv xh8yej3 x1anpbxc"><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=meta.pyrefly" target="_blank" class="x12lumcd xuxw1ft x2kcbxv x12oqio5 x1ilz85p x19fix8x x150bn4r x117nqv4 x1ypdohk x1ng1d19 x2b8uid x14m1sg7 xcs2p6m x14ow2ja x1jchvi3">Get VSCode Extension</a><a href="https://open-vsx.org/extension/meta/pyrefly" target="_blank" class="x12lumcd xuxw1ft x2kcbxv x12oqio5 x1ilz85p xjbqb8w xiuzu7u x117nqv4 x1ypdohk x1ng1d19 x2b8uid x10fs14w xcs2p6m x14ow2ja x1jchvi3">Get OpenVSX Extension</a></div></section></div></div><section><li id="firefly" class="x3ct3a4 x16rqkct x19fix8x x170jfvy x1fsd2vl xg01cxk x10l6tqk x15sbw6u x4rx2xt x470at9 xzhg0zl xvxyf3w x1sqp6r9 x1sqc0ei xh8hsg6 x6207ys"></li><li id="firefly" class="x3ct3a4 x16rqkct x19fix8x x170jfvy x1fsd2vl xg01cxk x10l6tqk x15sbw6u x4rx2xt x470at9 xzhg0zl xvxyf3w x1sqp6r9 x1sqc0ei xh8hsg6 x6207ys"></li><li id="firefly" class="x3ct3a4 x16rqkct x19fix8x x170jfvy x1fsd2vl xg01cxk x10l6tqk x15sbw6u x4rx2xt x470at9 xzhg0zl xvxyf3w x1sqp6r9 x1sqc0ei xh8hsg6 x6207ys"></li><li id="firefly" class="x3ct3a4 x16rqkct x19fix8x x170jfvy x1fsd2vl xg01cxk x10l6tqk x15sbw6u x4rx2xt x470at9 xzhg0zl xvxyf3w x1sqp6r9 x1sqc0ei xh8hsg6 x6207ys"></li><li id="firefly" class="x3ct3a4 x16rqkct x19fix8x x170jfvy x1fsd2vl xg01cxk x10l6tqk x15sbw6u x4rx2xt x470at9 xzhg0zl xvxyf3w x1sqp6r9 x1sqc0ei xh8hsg6 x6207ys"></li></section></header></div></section><section id="strictness-presets-section" class="x78zum5 xdt5ytf xl56j7k x6s0dn4 x98rzlu x1n2onr6 x1ybamxr x9i3lb7"><div class="container"><h2 class="x1cl2iem xiuzu7u xab5occ x2b8uid">Improve code quality at your own pace</h2><div class="x1b1uxet x3lrems x1wj4jf7 xa9gyem xuuh30 xyqik5i x117aka2"><p class="x2b8uid x9ta2hf x8x9d4c xack27t x1t84w78 xiuzu7u x1jchvi3">Set a preset in the <code>[tool.pyrefly]</code> section of your<!-- --> <code>pyproject.toml</code> to control how many errors you get.<!-- --> <!-- -->More info in<!-- --> <a href="/en/docs/configuration/#preset" class="x14qql8p x1bvjpef xdnqva9 x1pz6rqt xddl0ns">the preset docs</a>.</p><ul class="xe8uvvx x1ghz6dp x1717udv xrvj5dj x5yznzf xru8eyw"><li class="x78zum5"><div class="x1blgzdm xznfmru xgv0goc xur7f20 xrrrfcd x1sxouoy xmx98tf x5yr21d x78zum5 xdt5ytf x1dti6c x11qee0y x1cy8zhl x13z6uf9"><pre class="xkh2ocl x1ghz6dp xu8om6g x12oqio5 xrrrfcd x7a0b8v x14qql8p x117nqv4 x1qzg9v8 x1dbl2gt x1sdyfia xw2csxc"><code>preset = "basic"</code></pre><h3 class="x1ghz6dp x117nqv4 x37zpob xiuzu7u x1jchvi3">Best for newcomers to type checking</h3><p class="x1ghz6dp x1evy7pa xiuzu7u x1jchvi3">Catch only the most obvious errors and ignore everything else.</p></div></li><li class="x78zum5"><div class="x1blgzdm xznfmru xgv0goc xur7f20 xrrrfcd x1sxouoy xmx98tf x5yr21d x78zum5 xdt5ytf x1dti6c x11qee0y x1cy8zhl x13z6uf9"><pre class="xkh2ocl x1ghz6dp xu8om6g x12oqio5 xrrrfcd x7a0b8v x14qql8p x117nqv4 x1qzg9v8 x1dbl2gt x1sdyfia xw2csxc"><code>preset = "default"</code></pre><h3 class="x1ghz6dp x117nqv4 x37zpob xiuzu7u x1jchvi3">Best for most projects, most of the time</h3><p class="x1ghz6dp x1evy7pa xiuzu7u x1jchvi3">You annotate where it helps and want those annotations properly checked.</p></div></li><li class="x78zum5"><div class="x1blgzdm xznfmru xgv0goc xur7f20 xrrrfcd x1sxouoy xmx98tf x5yr21d x78zum5 xdt5ytf x1dti6c x11qee0y x1cy8zhl x13z6uf9"><pre class="xkh2ocl x1ghz6dp xu8om6g x12oqio5 xrrrfcd x7a0b8v x14qql8p x117nqv4 x1qzg9v8 x1dbl2gt x1sdyfia xw2csxc"><code>preset = "strict"</code></pre><h3 class="x1ghz6dp x117nqv4 x37zpob xiuzu7u x1jchvi3">Best for libraries and shared code</h3><p class="x1ghz6dp x1evy7pa xiuzu7u x1jchvi3">Other people depend on your type correctness, so no implicit Any and no missing @override</p></div></li></ul></div></div></section><section id="performance-comparison-section" class="x78zum5 xdt5ytf xl56j7k x6s0dn4 x98rzlu x1n2onr6 x1ybamxr x9i3lb7"><div class="container"><div style="opacity:0"><h2 class="x1cl2iem xiuzu7u xab5occ xg01cxk x1qgin71 xg9xeqz x1pjroqt">Performance Comparison</h2></div><div style="opacity:0"><div class="xznfmru xgv0goc xur7f20 xrrrfcd x1sxouoy x5yr21d x78zum5 xdt5ytf x1dti6c x1blgzdm x1cqdni5 xg01cxk x1wd8k3y x1w2xznu xmx98tf"><div class="x78zum5 xl56j7k x8fetqu x1t84w78 xg01cxk xg9xeqz x10a5xub"><button class="xznfmru xgv0goc xur7f20 xrrrfcd x1sxouoy xmx98tf x5yr21d x78zum5 xdt5ytf x1dti6c x11qee0y x174zr50 x1ypdohk x1neyzuf x1jchvi3 x18t7k3x x14qql8p">PyTorch</button><button class="xznfmru xgv0goc xur7f20 xrrrfcd x1sxouoy xmx98tf x5yr21d x78zum5 xdt5ytf x1dti6c x11qee0y x174zr50 x18t7k3x xiuzu7u x1ypdohk x1neyzuf x1jchvi3">Instagram</button></div><div class="xnxx81d xg01cxk xg9xeqz x10a5xub"><div class="x17r0vjz x1os0d8i">Type checking the<!-- --> <a href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="x14qql8p xltytc8">PyTorch</a> <!-- -->codebase from scratch.<span class="x1n2onr6 x1rg5ohu xet2fuk"><span class="xfifm61 xiuzu7u x1146j2 xxymvpz">ⓘ</span><span class="xlshs6z x1ebloo xiuzu7u x2b8uid x1kogg8i x153ncpu xo0htta x10l6tqk x1vjfegm x1a58ea2 x1nrll8i xuuh30 xdzyupr xg01cxk x177bw73 xeaf4i8 x1vvkbs x1jchvi3"><strong>Tested using Macbook</strong><br>(10 cores: 8 performance + 2 efficiency cores, 32 GB RAM)</span></span></div><div><div class="x98rzlu x78zum5 x1o3pxnk" style="margin-bottom:20px"><div><div class="x78zum5 x4jci6i xrostsh"><span class="x1rg5ohu xwsyq91"><strong>Pyrefly</strong></span><span class="x1n2onr6 x1rg5ohu xet2fuk"><span class="xfifm61 xiuzu7u x1146j2 xxymvpz">ⓘ</span><span class="xlshs6z x1ebloo xiuzu7u x2b8uid x1kogg8i x153ncpu xo0htta x10l6tqk x1vjfegm x1a58ea2 x1nrll8i xuuh30 xdzyupr xg01cxk x177bw73 xeaf4i8 x1vvkbs x1jchvi3"><strong>Command: "pyrefly check"</strong><br>Pyrefly uses as many threads as possible</span></span></div></div><div class="x1i0uq9b x78zum5"><div class="x1iyjqo2 x1wh8b8d x1y1aw1k"><div class="xv4ge2a x174e0gf xh8yej3 xb3r6kr" style="height:80%;width:4.827299209321681%"><div class="x5yr21d x1pjcqnp x10e4vud x1esw782 x19fix8x" style="animation-duration:2.32s;width:0%"></div></div></div><span class="x8x9d4c xxsxjwm x1hr2gdg"><strong>0.0s</strong></span></div></div><div class="x98rzlu x78zum5 x1o3pxnk" style="margin-bottom:20px"><div><div class="x78zum5 x4jci6i xrostsh"><span class="x1rg5ohu xwsyq91"><strong>Pyright</strong></span><span class="x1n2onr6 x1rg5ohu xet2fuk"><span class="xfifm61 xiuzu7u x1146j2 xxymvpz">ⓘ</span><span class="xlshs6z x1ebloo xiuzu7u x2b8uid x1kogg8i x153ncpu xo0htta x10l6tqk x1vjfegm x1a58ea2 x1nrll8i xuuh30 xdzyupr xg01cxk x177bw73 xeaf4i8 x1vvkbs x1jchvi3"><strong>Command: "pyright --threads=8"</strong><br>8 threads yielded the best performance after testing multiple settings</span></span></div></div><div class="x1i0uq9b x78zum5"><div class="x1iyjqo2 x1wh8b8d x1y1aw1k"><div class="xv4ge2a x174e0gf xh8yej3 xb3r6kr" style="height:80%;width:73.1585518102372%"><div class="x5yr21d x1e1ffwq x1pjcqnp x10e4vud x1esw782" style="animation-duration:35.16s;width:0%"></div></div></div><span class="x8x9d4c xxsxjwm x1hr2gdg"><strong>0.0s</strong></span></div></div><div class="x98rzlu x78zum5 x1o3pxnk"><div><div class="x78zum5 x4jci6i xrostsh"><span class="x1rg5ohu xwsyq91"><strong>MyPy</strong></span><span class="x1n2onr6 x1rg5ohu xet2fuk"><span class="xfifm61 xiuzu7u x1146j2 xxymvpz">ⓘ</span><span class="xlshs6z x1ebloo xiuzu7u x2b8uid x1kogg8i x153ncpu xo0htta x10l6tqk x1vjfegm x1a58ea2 x1nrll8i xuuh30 xdzyupr xg01cxk x177bw73 xeaf4i8 x1vvkbs x1jchvi3"><strong>Command: "dmypy run"</strong></span></span></div></div><div class="x1i0uq9b x78zum5"><div class="x1iyjqo2 x1wh8b8d x1y1aw1k"><div class="xv4ge2a x174e0gf xh8yej3 xb3r6kr" style="height:80%;width:100%"><div class="x5yr21d x1e1ffwq x1pjcqnp x10e4vud x1esw782" style="animation-duration:48.06s;width:0%"></div></div></div><span class="x8x9d4c xxsxjwm x1hr2gdg"><strong>0.0s</strong></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="pyrefly-video" class="x78zum5 xdt5ytf xl56j7k x6s0dn4 x98rzlu x1n2onr6 x1ybamxr x9i3lb7 x58caik"><div class="container"><div style="opacity:0"><h2 class="x1cl2iem xiuzu7u xab5occ xg01cxk x1qgin71 xg9xeqz x1pjroqt x2b8uid">See Pyrefly in Action</h2></div><div style="opacity:0"><div class="x1blgzdm xznfmru xgv0goc xur7f20 xrrrfcd x1sxouoy x5yr21d x78zum5 xdt5ytf x1dti6c x1ap80js x19bbpc0 x1cqdni5 xg01cxk x1wd8k3y x1w2xznu xmx98tf"><link rel="preload" href="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/LXaFRKrTJVU/maxresdefault.jpg" as="image"><article class="yt-lite" data-title="Introducing Pyrefly: A new type checker and IDE experience for Python" style="background-image:url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/LXaFRKrTJVU/maxresdefault.jpg);--aspect-ratio:56.25%"><button type="button" class="lty-playbtn" aria-label="Watch Introducing Pyrefly: A new type checker and IDE experience for Python"></button></article></div></div></div></section></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Community & Support</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://discord.gg/Cf7mFQtW7W" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Join Discord<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/facebook/pyrefly" target="_blank" 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