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<h1 align="center">Upgrading libxml client code from 1.x to 2.x</h1>
<h2>Incompatible changes:</h2>
<p>Version 2 of libxml is the first version introducing serious backward
incompatible changes. The main goals were:</p>
<ul>
<li>a general cleanup. A number of mistakes inherited from the very early
versions couldn't be changed due to compatibility constraints. Example the
"childs" element in the nodes.</li>
<li>Uniformization of the various nodes, at least for their header and link
parts (doc, parent, children, prev, next), the goal is a simpler
programming model and simplifying the task of the DOM implementors.</li>
<li>better conformances to the XML specification, for example version 1.x
had an heuristic to try to detect ignorable white spaces. As a result the
SAX event generated were ignorableWhitespace() while the spec requires
character() in that case. This also mean that a number of DOM node
containing blank text may populate the DOM tree which were not present
before.</li>
</ul>
<h2>How to fix libxml-1.x code:</h2>
<p>So client code of libxml designed to run with version 1.x may have to be
changed to compile against version 2.x of libxml. Here is a list of changes
that I have collected, they may not be sufficient, so in case you find other
change which are required, <a href="mailto:Daniel.Ïeillardw3.org">drop me a
mail</a>:</p>
<ol>
<li>The package name have changed from libxml to libxml2, the library name
is now -lxml2 . There is a new xml2-config script which should be used to
select the right parameters libxml2</li>
<li>Node <strong>childs</strong> field has been renamed
<strong>children</strong> so s/childs/children/g should be applied
(probablility of having "childs" anywere else is close to 0+</li>
<li>The document don't have anymore a <strong>root</strong> element it has
been replaced by <strong>children</strong> and usually you will get a list
of element here. For example a Dtd element for the internal subset and
it's declaration may be found in that list, as well as processing
instructions or comments found before or after the document root element.
Use <strong>xmlDocGetRootElement(doc)</strong> to get the root element of
a document. Alternatively if you are sure to not reference Dtds nor have
PIs or comments before or after the root element
s/-&gt;root/-&gt;children/g will probably do it.</li>
<li>The white space issue, this one is more complex, unless special case of
validating parsing, the line breaks and spaces usually used for indenting
and formatting the document content becomes significant. So they are
reported by SAX and if your using the DOM tree, corresponding nodes are
generated. Too approach can be taken:
<ol>
<li>lazy one, use the compatibility call
<strong>xmlKeepBlanksDefault(0)</strong> but be aware that you are
relying on a special (and possibly broken) set of heuristics of libxml
to detect ignorable blanks. Don't complain if it breaks or make your
application not 100% clean w.r.t. to it's input.</li>
<li>the Right Way: change you code to accept possibly unsignificant
blanks characters, or have your tree populated with weird blank text
nodes. You can spot them using the comodity function
<strong>xmlIsBlankNode(node)</strong> returning 1 for such blank
nodes.</li>
</ol>
<p>Note also that with the new default the output functions don't add any
extra indentation when saving a tree in order to be able to round trip
(read and save) without inflating the document with extra formatting
chars.</p>
</li>
<li>The include path has changed to $prefix/libxml/ and the includes
themselves uses this new prefix in includes instructions... If you are
using (as expected) the
<pre>xml2-config --cflags</pre>
<p>output to generate you compile commands this will probably work out of
the box</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2>Ensuring both libxml-1.x and libxml-2.x compatibility</h2>
<p>Two new version of libxml (1.8.11) and libxml2 (2.3.4) have been released
to allow smoth upgrade of existing libxml v1code while retaining
compatibility. They offers the following:</p>
<ol>
<li>similar include naming, one should use
<strong>#include&lt;libxml/...&gt;</strong> in both cases.</li>
<li>similar identifiers defined via macros for the child and root fields:
respectively <strong>xmlChildrenNode</strong> and
<strong>xmlRootNode</strong></li>
<li>a new macro <strong>LIBXML_TEST_VERSION</strong> which should be
inserted once in the client code</li>
</ol>
<p>So the roadmap to upgrade your existing libxml applications is the
following:</p>
<ol>
<li>install the libxml-1.8.8 (and libxml-devel-1.8.8) packages</li>
<li>find all occurences where the xmlDoc <strong>root</strong> field is used
and change it to <strong>xmlRootNode</strong></li>
<li>similary find all occurences where the xmlNode <strong>childs</strong>
field is used and change it to <strong>xmlChildrenNode</strong></li>
<li>add a <strong>LIBXML_TEST_VERSION</strong> macro somewhere in your
<strong>main()</strong> or in the library init entry point</li>
<li>Recompile, check compatibility, it should still work</li>
<li>Change your configure script to look first for xml2-config and fallback
using xml-config . Use the --cflags and --libs ouptut of the command as
the Include and Linking parameters needed to use libxml.</li>
<li>install libxml2-2.3.x and libxml2-devel-2.3.x (libxml-1.8.y and
libxml-devel-1.8.y can be kept simultaneously)</li>
<li>remove your config.cache, relaunch your configuration mechanism, and
recompile, if steps 2 and 3 were done right it should compile as-is</li>
<li>Test that your application is still running correctly, if not this may
be due to extra empty nodes due to formating spaces being kept in libxml2
contrary to libxml1, in that case insert xmlKeepBlanksDefault(1) in your
code before calling the parser (next to
<strong>LIBXML_TEST_VERSION</strong> is a fine place).</li>
</ol>
<p>Following those steps should work. It worked for some of my own code.</p>
<p>Let me put some emphasis on the fact that there is far more changes from
libxml 1.x to 2.x than the ones you may have to patch for. The overall code
has been considerably improved and the conformance to the XML specification
has been drastically improve. Don't take those changes as an excuse to not
upgrade, it may cost a lot on the long term ...</p>
<p><a href="mailto:Daniel.Veillard@w3.org">Daniel Veillard</a></p>
<p>$Id: upgrade.html,v 1.7 2000/06/30 18:39:56 veillard Exp $</p>
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