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| <h1 id="flatbuffers_guide_use_dart">Use in Dart</h1> |
| <h2 id="before-you-get-started">Before you get started</h2> |
| <p>Before diving into the FlatBuffers usage in Dart, it should be noted that |
| the <a href="../../tutorial/">Tutorial</a> page has a complete guide |
| to general FlatBuffers usage in all of the supported languages (including Dart). |
| This page is designed to cover the nuances of FlatBuffers usage, specific to |
| Dart.</p> |
| <p>You should also have read the <a href="../../building/">Building</a> |
| documentation to build <code>flatc</code> and should be familiar with |
| <a href="../../flatc/">Using the schema compiler</a> and |
| <a href="../../schema/">Writing a schema</a>.</p> |
| <h2 id="flatbuffers-dart-library-code-location">FlatBuffers Dart library code location</h2> |
| <p>The code for the FlatBuffers Dart library can be found at |
| <code>flatbuffers/dart</code>. You can browse the library code on the <a href="https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/tree/master/dart">FlatBuffers |
| GitHub page</a>.</p> |
| <h2 id="testing-the-flatbuffers-dart-library">Testing the FlatBuffers Dart library</h2> |
| <p>The code to test the Dart library can be found at <code>flatbuffers/tests</code>. |
| The test code itself is located in <a href="https://github.com/google/ |
| flatbuffers/blob/master/tests/dart_test.dart">dart_test.dart</a>.</p> |
| <p>To run the tests, use the <a href="https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/ |
| blob/master/tests/DartTest.sh">DartTest.sh</a> shell script.</p> |
| <p><em>Note: The shell script requires the <a href="https://www.dartlang.org/tools/sdk">Dart SDK</a> |
| to be installed.</em></p> |
| <h2 id="using-the-flatbuffers-dart-library">Using the FlatBuffers Dart library</h2> |
| <p><em>Note: See <a href="../../tutorial/">Tutorial</a> for a more in-depth |
| example of how to use FlatBuffers in Dart.</em></p> |
| <p>FlatBuffers supports reading and writing binary FlatBuffers in Dart.</p> |
| <p>To use FlatBuffers in your own code, first generate Dart classes from your |
| schema with the <code>--dart</code> option to <code>flatc</code>. Then you can include both FlatBuffers |
| and the generated code to read or write a FlatBuffer.</p> |
| <p>For example, here is how you would read a FlatBuffer binary file in Dart: First, |
| include the library and generated code. Then read a FlatBuffer binary file into |
| a <code>List<int></code>, which you pass to the factory constructor for <code>Monster</code>:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'dart:io'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">io</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'package:flat_buffers/flat_buffers.dart'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fb</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| <span class="k">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'./monster_my_game.sample_generated.dart'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myGame</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">await</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">io</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">File</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'monster.dat'</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">readAsBytes</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| <span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">monster</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myGame</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Monster</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">);</span> |
| </code></pre></div> |
| <p>Now you can access values like this:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">monster</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hp</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| <span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pos</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">monster</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pos</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| </code></pre></div> |
| <h2 id="differences-from-the-dart-sdk-front-end-flat_buffers">Differences from the Dart SDK Front End flat_buffers</h2> |
| <p>The work in this repository is signfiicantly based on the implementation used |
| internally by the Dart SDK in the front end/analyzer package. Several |
| significant changes have been made.</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>Support for packed boolean lists has been removed. This is not standard |
| in other implementations and is not compatible with them. Do note that, |
| like in the JavaScript implementation, <strong>null values in boolean lists |
| will be treated as false</strong>. It is also still entirely possible to pack data |
| in a single scalar field, but that would have to be done on the application |
| side.</li> |
| <li>The SDK implementation supports enums with regular Dart enums, which |
| works if enums are always indexed at 1; however, FlatBuffers does not |
| require that. This implementation uses specialized enum-like classes to |
| ensure proper mapping from FlatBuffers to Dart and other platforms.</li> |
| <li>The SDK implementation does not appear to support FlatBuffer structs or |
| vectors of structs - it treated everything as a built-in scalar or a table. |
| This implementation treats structs in a way that is compatible with other |
| non-Dart implementations, and properly handles vectors of structs. Many of |
| the methods prefixed with 'low' have been prepurposed to support this.</li> |
| <li>The SDK implementation treats int64 and uint64 as float64s. This |
| implementation does not. This may cause problems with JavaScript |
| compatibility - however, it should be possible to use the JavaScript |
| implementation, or to do a customized implementation that treats all 64 bit |
| numbers as floats. Supporting the Dart VM and Flutter was a more important |
| goal of this implementation. Support for 16 bit integers was also added.</li> |
| <li>The code generation in this offers an "ObjectBuilder", which generates code |
| very similar to the SDK classes that consume FlatBuffers, as well as Builder |
| classes, which produces code which more closely resembles the builders in |
| other languages. The ObjectBuilder classes are easier to use, at the cost of |
| additional references allocated.</li> |
| </ol> |
| <h2 id="text-parsing">Text Parsing</h2> |
| <p>There currently is no support for parsing text (Schema's and JSON) directly |
| from Dart, though you could use the C++ parser through Dart Native Extensions. |
| Please see the C++ documentation for more on text parsing (note that this is |
| not currently an option in Flutter - follow <a href="https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/7053">this issue</a> |
| for the latest).</p> |
| <h2 id="object-based-api">Object based API</h2> |
| <p>FlatBuffers is all about memory efficiency, which is why its base API is written |
| around using as little as possible of it. This does make the API clumsier |
| (requiring pre-order construction of all data, and making mutation harder).</p> |
| <p>For times when efficiency is less important a more convenient object based API |
| can be used (through <code>--gen-object-api</code>) that is able to unpack & pack a FlatBuffer |
| into objects and lists, allowing for convenient construction, access and mutation.</p> |
| <p>To use:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Deserialize from buffer into object.</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MonsterT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">monster</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Monster</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">flatbuffer</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">unpack</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Update object directly like a Dart class instance.</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">monster</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Name</span><span class="p">);</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">monster</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Bob"</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Change the name.</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Serialize into new flatbuffer.</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fbb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Builder</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fbb</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Finish</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">monster</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fbb</span><span class="p">));</span> |
| </code></pre></div> |
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