| // |
| // composed_3.cpp |
| // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| // |
| // Copyright (c) 2003-2021 Christopher M. Kohlhoff (chris at kohlhoff dot com) |
| // |
| // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying |
| // file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) |
| // |
| |
| #include <asio/bind_executor.hpp> |
| #include <asio/io_context.hpp> |
| #include <asio/ip/tcp.hpp> |
| #include <asio/use_future.hpp> |
| #include <asio/write.hpp> |
| #include <cstring> |
| #include <functional> |
| #include <iostream> |
| #include <string> |
| #include <type_traits> |
| #include <utility> |
| |
| using asio::ip::tcp; |
| |
| // NOTE: This example requires the new asio::async_initiate function. For |
| // an example that works with the Networking TS style of completion tokens, |
| // please see an older version of asio. |
| |
| //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| // In this composed operation we repackage an existing operation, but with a |
| // different completion handler signature. The asynchronous operation |
| // requirements are met by delegating responsibility to the underlying |
| // operation. |
| |
| template <typename CompletionToken> |
| auto async_write_message(tcp::socket& socket, |
| const char* message, CompletionToken&& token) |
| // The return type of the initiating function is deduced from the combination |
| // of CompletionToken type and the completion handler's signature. When the |
| // completion token is a simple callback, the return type is always void. |
| // In this example, when the completion token is asio::yield_context |
| // (used for stackful coroutines) the return type would be also be void, as |
| // there is no non-error argument to the completion handler. When the |
| // completion token is asio::use_future it would be std::future<void>. |
| // |
| // In C++14 we can omit the return type as it is automatically deduced from |
| // the return type of asio::async_initiate. |
| { |
| // In addition to determining the mechanism by which an asynchronous |
| // operation delivers its result, a completion token also determines the time |
| // when the operation commences. For example, when the completion token is a |
| // simple callback the operation commences before the initiating function |
| // returns. However, if the completion token's delivery mechanism uses a |
| // future, we might instead want to defer initiation of the operation until |
| // the returned future object is waited upon. |
| // |
| // To enable this, when implementing an asynchronous operation we must |
| // package the initiation step as a function object. The initiation function |
| // object's call operator is passed the concrete completion handler produced |
| // by the completion token. This completion handler matches the asynchronous |
| // operation's completion handler signature, which in this example is: |
| // |
| // void(std::error_code error) |
| // |
| // The initiation function object also receives any additional arguments |
| // required to start the operation. (Note: We could have instead passed these |
| // arguments in the lambda capture set. However, we should prefer to |
| // propagate them as function call arguments as this allows the completion |
| // token to optimise how they are passed. For example, a lazy future which |
| // defers initiation would need to make a decay-copy of the arguments, but |
| // when using a simple callback the arguments can be trivially forwarded |
| // straight through.) |
| auto initiation = [](auto&& completion_handler, |
| tcp::socket& socket, const char* message) |
| { |
| // The async_write operation has a completion handler signature of: |
| // |
| // void(std::error_code error, std::size n) |
| // |
| // This differs from our operation's signature in that it is also passed |
| // the number of bytes transferred as an argument of type std::size_t. We |
| // will adapt our completion handler to async_write's completion handler |
| // signature by using std::bind, which drops the additional argument. |
| // |
| // However, it is essential to the correctness of our composed operation |
| // that we preserve the executor of the user-supplied completion handler. |
| // The std::bind function will not do this for us, so we must do this by |
| // first obtaining the completion handler's associated executor (defaulting |
| // to the I/O executor - in this case the executor of the socket - if the |
| // completion handler does not have its own) ... |
| auto executor = asio::get_associated_executor( |
| completion_handler, socket.get_executor()); |
| |
| // ... and then binding this executor to our adapted completion handler |
| // using the asio::bind_executor function. |
| asio::async_write(socket, |
| asio::buffer(message, std::strlen(message)), |
| asio::bind_executor(executor, |
| std::bind(std::forward<decltype(completion_handler)>( |
| completion_handler), std::placeholders::_1))); |
| }; |
| |
| // The asio::async_initiate function takes: |
| // |
| // - our initiation function object, |
| // - the completion token, |
| // - the completion handler signature, and |
| // - any additional arguments we need to initiate the operation. |
| // |
| // It then asks the completion token to create a completion handler (i.e. a |
| // callback) with the specified signature, and invoke the initiation function |
| // object with this completion handler as well as the additional arguments. |
| // The return value of async_initiate is the result of our operation's |
| // initiating function. |
| // |
| // Note that we wrap non-const reference arguments in std::reference_wrapper |
| // to prevent incorrect decay-copies of these objects. |
| return asio::async_initiate< |
| CompletionToken, void(std::error_code)>( |
| initiation, token, std::ref(socket), message); |
| } |
| |
| //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| void test_callback() |
| { |
| asio::io_context io_context; |
| |
| tcp::acceptor acceptor(io_context, {tcp::v4(), 55555}); |
| tcp::socket socket = acceptor.accept(); |
| |
| // Test our asynchronous operation using a lambda as a callback. |
| async_write_message(socket, "Testing callback\r\n", |
| [](const std::error_code& error) |
| { |
| if (!error) |
| { |
| std::cout << "Message sent\n"; |
| } |
| else |
| { |
| std::cout << "Error: " << error.message() << "\n"; |
| } |
| }); |
| |
| io_context.run(); |
| } |
| |
| //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| void test_future() |
| { |
| asio::io_context io_context; |
| |
| tcp::acceptor acceptor(io_context, {tcp::v4(), 55555}); |
| tcp::socket socket = acceptor.accept(); |
| |
| // Test our asynchronous operation using the use_future completion token. |
| // This token causes the operation's initiating function to return a future, |
| // which may be used to synchronously wait for the result of the operation. |
| std::future<void> f = async_write_message( |
| socket, "Testing future\r\n", asio::use_future); |
| |
| io_context.run(); |
| |
| // Get the result of the operation. |
| try |
| { |
| // Get the result of the operation. |
| f.get(); |
| std::cout << "Message sent\n"; |
| } |
| catch (const std::exception& e) |
| { |
| std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << "\n"; |
| } |
| } |
| |
| //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| int main() |
| { |
| test_callback(); |
| test_future(); |
| } |