docs/concepts/packages/package_url.md - fuchsia - Git at Google

 # Fuchsia package URLs

 A Fuchsia package URL looks like the following:

 Note: You can use the code block in [Build a package URL](#build-package-url)
 to create a package URL to then copy and paste.

 ```
 fuchsia-pkg://<repository>/<package-name>?hash=<package-hash>#<resource-path>
 ```

 It consists of the following components, which form the full package URL:

 * [URL scheme](#url-scheme): Required
 * [Repository](#repository): Required
 * [Package name](#package-name): Required
 * [Package hash](#package-hash): Optional
 * [Resource path](#resource-path): Optional

 ## URL scheme {#url-scheme}

 The `fuchsia-pkg` URL scheme combines identifying characteristics to
 establish a means for referring to a repository, a package, or a
 resource, depending on which parts are included.

 ### Syntax

 **Required**

 ```
 {{ '<strong>' }}fuchsia-pkg://{{ '</strong>' }}<repository>[/<package-name>[?hash=<package-hash>][#<resource-path>]]
 ```

 The scheme of a Fuchsia package are the case-insensitive characters, `fuchsia-pkg://`.

 Although the canonical form is lower-case, URL scheme encoding is case-insensitive therefore
 the system handles all cases.

 ## Repository {#repository}

 The package URL contains a repository [hostname] to identify the package's
 source. [RFC 1123] and [RFC 5890] specified that a hostname is a sequence of dot
 (`.`)-delimited [IDNA A-labels], each of which consists of 1 to 63 of the
 following latin-1 characters in any order:

 * Digits (`0` to `9`)
 * Lower-case letters (`a` to `z`)
 * Hyphen (`-`)

 No other characters are permitted.

 The total maximum length of a hostname is 253 characters including the dots.

 ### Repository root verification (known sources)

 The repository's root role (a quorum of one or more public or private key pairs)
 establishes a chain of trust such that package authenticity, integrity, and
 freshness can be verified cryptographically. The root role signs keys for more
 limited roles which are then used to sign package metadata and the targets
 themselves. See [TUF Security][TUF Security] and
 [TUF roles and metadata][TUF METADATA] for more details.

 To verify that a package is authentic, you must verify that the repository
 from which it is being downloaded is authentic.

 This will be implemented by maintaining a list of known source repositories
 with their public keys on the device. Packages from unknown sources will
 be rejected, although, on certain build types, new repositories can be added
 at runtime.

 ### Syntax

 **Required**

 ```
 fuchsia-pkg://{{ '<strong>' }}<repository>{{ '</strong>' }}/<package-name>?hash=<package-hash>#<resource-path>
 ```

 #### Examples

 `fuchsia-pkg://{{ '<strong>' }}fuchsia.com{{ '</strong>' }}`

 ## Package name {#package-name}

 A package name is a symbolic label that identifies a logical collection of
 software artifacts (files). The package name is used to locate package metadata
 within a repository. Package metadata must be signed by a role which is trusted by
 the repository root.

 A package name consists of a sequence of up to 255 of the following latin-1
 characters in any order:

 * Digits (`0` to `9`)
 * Lower-case letters (`a` to `z`)
 * Hyphen (`-`)
 * Underscore (`_`)
 * Period (`.`)

 No other characters are permitted.

 Each package name must be unique among all packages in a repository.
 Packages within different repositories are considered distinct even
 if they have the same name.

 ### Syntax

 **Required**

 ```
 fuchsia-pkg://<repository>/{{ '<strong>' }}<package-name>{{ '</strong>' }}?hash=<package-hash>#<resource-path>
 ```

 There must be a single `/` character between the repository and [package name](#package-name).

 #### Examples

 * `fuchsia-pkg://fuchsia.com/{{ '<strong>' }}fuchsia-shell-utils{{ '</strong>' }}`
 * `fuchsia-pkg://fuchsia.com/{{ '<strong>' }}fuchsia-shell-fonts{{ '</strong>' }}`
 * `fuchsia-pkg://fuchsia.com/{{ '<strong>' }}fuchsia-shell-scenic{{ '</strong>' }}`

 ## Package hash {#package-hash}

 A package hash is the [merkleroot] of the package's meta.far.  Because the
 package's metadata encodes the content addresses of the package's files, any
 changes to the package's metadata or content will produce a different package
 hash, thereby making it possible to distinguish each unique revision of the
 package.

 If the package hash is missing, the package resolver fetches the resources
 from the newest revision of the package available to the client.

 A package hash is represented as a hex-encoded string consisting of exactly 64
 of the following latin-1 characters: digits (`0` to `9`) and lower-case letters
 (`a` to `f`).  No other characters are permitted.

 ### Syntax

 **Optional**

 ```
 fuchsia-pkg://<repository>/<package-name>{{ '<strong>' }}?hash=<package-hash>{{ '</strong>' }}#<resource-path>
 ```

 Only valid if a package name is specified.

 Must begin with the string `?hash=` followed by the [package hash](#package-hash).

 #### Examples

 `fuchsia-pkg://google.com/chrome{{ '<strong>' }}?hash=80e8721f4eba5437c8b6e1604f6ee384f42aed2b6dfbfd0b616a864839cd7b4a#meta/webview.component{{ '</strong>' }}`

 ## Resource path {#resource-path}

 A resource path is a UTF-8 string that identifies a resource within a package.
 This is a file path, consisting of a sequence of single `/` delimited
 path segments, each of which is a non-empty sequence of non-zero UTF-8
 characters not equal to `.`, `..`, or `/`. Must begin with single `#` character.

 This must be relative to the root of the package.

 Note: The scheme, [repository hostname](#repository-hostname),
 [package name](#package-name), and [package hash](#package-hash) components are
 all defined to use a restricted subset of characters, none of which require
 encoding, unlike the resource path.

 URL components containing reserved characters are percent-encoded according to
 [RFC 3986]. This definition is compatible with the definition of [Fuchsia filesystem paths]
 but it imposes a UTF-8 encoding rather than admitting arbitrary binary strings
 since such strings cannot always be encoded as valid URLs.

 For example, `hello/unicode/%F0%9F%98%81` decodes to `hello/unicode/😁`.

 ### Syntax

 **Optional**

 Only valid if a package was specified.

 ```
 fuchsia-pkg://<repository>/<package-name>?hash=<package-hash>{{ '<strong>' }}#<resource-path>{{ '</strong>' }}
 ```

 #### Examples

 * `fuchsia-pkg://fuchsia.com/fuchsia-shell-utils{{ '<strong>' }}#bin/ls{{ '</strong>' }}`
 * `fuchsia-pkg://google.com/chrome{{ '<strong>' }}#meta/webview.component{{ '</strong>' }}`
 * `fuchsia-pkg://google.com/chrome{{ '<strong>' }}#lib/mylibrary.so{{ '</strong>' }}`

 ## Build a package URL {#build-package-url}

 You can use the editable variables to build your package URL and then copy it:

 ```
 fuchsia-pkg://{{ '<var>' }}repository{{ '</var>' }}/{{ '<var>' }}package-name{{ '</var>' }}?hash={{ '<var>' }}package-hash{{ '</var>' }}#{{ '<var>' }}resource-path{{ '</var>' }}
 ```

 <!--xrefs-->
 [TUF Specification]: https://github.com/theupdateframework/specification/blob/HEAD/tuf-spec.md#4-document-formats
 [TUF Security]: https://theupdateframework.github.io/security.html
 [TUF Metadata]: https://theupdateframework.github.io/metadata.html
 [hostname]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname
 [RFC 1123]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123
 [RFC 5890]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5890
 [IDNA A-labels]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5890#section-2.3.2.1
 [Fuchsia filesystem paths]: /docs/concepts/process/namespaces.md#object-relative-path-expressions
 [RFC 3986]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#page-11
 [merkleroot]: /docs/concepts/packages/merkleroot.md
	# Fuchsia package URLs

	A Fuchsia package URL looks like the following:

	Note: You can use the code block in [Build a package URL](#build-package-url)
	to create a package URL to then copy and paste.

	```
	fuchsia-pkg://<repository>/<package-name>?hash=<package-hash>#<resource-path>
	```

	It consists of the following components, which form the full package URL:

	* [URL scheme](#url-scheme): Required
	* [Repository](#repository): Required
	* [Package name](#package-name): Required
	* [Package hash](#package-hash): Optional
	* [Resource path](#resource-path): Optional

	## URL scheme {#url-scheme}

	The `fuchsia-pkg` URL scheme combines identifying characteristics to
	establish a means for referring to a repository, a package, or a
	resource, depending on which parts are included.

	### Syntax

	Required

	```
	{{ '<strong>' }}fuchsia-pkg://{{ '</strong>' }}<repository>[/<package-name>[?hash=<package-hash>][#<resource-path>]]
	```

	The scheme of a Fuchsia package are the case-insensitive characters, `fuchsia-pkg://`.

	Although the canonical form is lower-case, URL scheme encoding is case-insensitive therefore
	the system handles all cases.

	## Repository {#repository}

	The package URL contains a repository [hostname] to identify the package's
	source. [RFC 1123] and [RFC 5890] specified that a hostname is a sequence of dot
	(`.`)-delimited [IDNA A-labels], each of which consists of 1 to 63 of the
	following latin-1 characters in any order:

	* Digits (`0` to `9`)
	* Lower-case letters (`a` to `z`)
	* Hyphen (`-`)

	No other characters are permitted.

	The total maximum length of a hostname is 253 characters including the dots.

	### Repository root verification (known sources)

	The repository's root role (a quorum of one or more public or private key pairs)
	establishes a chain of trust such that package authenticity, integrity, and
	freshness can be verified cryptographically. The root role signs keys for more
	limited roles which are then used to sign package metadata and the targets
	themselves. See [TUF Security][TUF Security] and
	[TUF roles and metadata][TUF METADATA] for more details.

	To verify that a package is authentic, you must verify that the repository
	from which it is being downloaded is authentic.

	This will be implemented by maintaining a list of known source repositories
	with their public keys on the device. Packages from unknown sources will
	be rejected, although, on certain build types, new repositories can be added
	at runtime.

	### Syntax

	Required

	```
	fuchsia-pkg://{{ '<strong>' }}<repository>{{ '</strong>' }}/<package-name>?hash=<package-hash>#<resource-path>
	```

	#### Examples

	`fuchsia-pkg://{{ '<strong>' }}fuchsia.com{{ '</strong>' }}`

	## Package name {#package-name}

	A package name is a symbolic label that identifies a logical collection of
	software artifacts (files). The package name is used to locate package metadata
	within a repository. Package metadata must be signed by a role which is trusted by
	the repository root.

	A package name consists of a sequence of up to 255 of the following latin-1
	characters in any order:

	* Digits (`0` to `9`)
	* Lower-case letters (`a` to `z`)
	* Hyphen (`-`)
	* Underscore (`_`)
	* Period (`.`)

	No other characters are permitted.

	Each package name must be unique among all packages in a repository.
	Packages within different repositories are considered distinct even
	if they have the same name.

	### Syntax

	Required

	```
	fuchsia-pkg://<repository>/{{ '<strong>' }}<package-name>{{ '</strong>' }}?hash=<package-hash>#<resource-path>
	```

	There must be a single `/` character between the repository and [package name](#package-name).

	#### Examples

	* `fuchsia-pkg://fuchsia.com/{{ '<strong>' }}fuchsia-shell-utils{{ '</strong>' }}`
	* `fuchsia-pkg://fuchsia.com/{{ '<strong>' }}fuchsia-shell-fonts{{ '</strong>' }}`
	* `fuchsia-pkg://fuchsia.com/{{ '<strong>' }}fuchsia-shell-scenic{{ '</strong>' }}`

	## Package hash {#package-hash}

	A package hash is the [merkleroot] of the package's meta.far. Because the
	package's metadata encodes the content addresses of the package's files, any
	changes to the package's metadata or content will produce a different package
	hash, thereby making it possible to distinguish each unique revision of the
	package.

	If the package hash is missing, the package resolver fetches the resources
	from the newest revision of the package available to the client.

	A package hash is represented as a hex-encoded string consisting of exactly 64
	of the following latin-1 characters: digits (`0` to `9`) and lower-case letters
	(`a` to `f`). No other characters are permitted.

	### Syntax

	Optional

	```
	fuchsia-pkg://<repository>/<package-name>{{ '<strong>' }}?hash=<package-hash>{{ '</strong>' }}#<resource-path>
	```

	Only valid if a package name is specified.

	Must begin with the string `?hash=` followed by the [package hash](#package-hash).

	#### Examples

	`fuchsia-pkg://google.com/chrome{{ '<strong>' }}?hash=80e8721f4eba5437c8b6e1604f6ee384f42aed2b6dfbfd0b616a864839cd7b4a#meta/webview.component{{ '</strong>' }}`

	## Resource path {#resource-path}

	A resource path is a UTF-8 string that identifies a resource within a package.
	This is a file path, consisting of a sequence of single `/` delimited
	path segments, each of which is a non-empty sequence of non-zero UTF-8
	characters not equal to `.`, `..`, or `/`. Must begin with single `#` character.

	This must be relative to the root of the package.

	Note: The scheme, [repository hostname](#repository-hostname),
	[package name](#package-name), and [package hash](#package-hash) components are
	all defined to use a restricted subset of characters, none of which require
	encoding, unlike the resource path.

	URL components containing reserved characters are percent-encoded according to
	[RFC 3986]. This definition is compatible with the definition of [Fuchsia filesystem paths]
	but it imposes a UTF-8 encoding rather than admitting arbitrary binary strings
	since such strings cannot always be encoded as valid URLs.

	For example, `hello/unicode/%F0%9F%98%81` decodes to `hello/unicode/😁`.

	### Syntax

	Optional

	Only valid if a package was specified.

	```
	fuchsia-pkg://<repository>/<package-name>?hash=<package-hash>{{ '<strong>' }}#<resource-path>{{ '</strong>' }}
	```

	#### Examples

	* `fuchsia-pkg://fuchsia.com/fuchsia-shell-utils{{ '<strong>' }}#bin/ls{{ '</strong>' }}`
	* `fuchsia-pkg://google.com/chrome{{ '<strong>' }}#meta/webview.component{{ '</strong>' }}`
	* `fuchsia-pkg://google.com/chrome{{ '<strong>' }}#lib/mylibrary.so{{ '</strong>' }}`

	## Build a package URL {#build-package-url}

	You can use the editable variables to build your package URL and then copy it:

	```
	fuchsia-pkg://{{ '<var>' }}repository{{ '</var>' }}/{{ '<var>' }}package-name{{ '</var>' }}?hash={{ '<var>' }}package-hash{{ '</var>' }}#{{ '<var>' }}resource-path{{ '</var>' }}
	```

	<!--xrefs-->
	[TUF Specification]: https://github.com/theupdateframework/specification/blob/HEAD/tuf-spec.md#4-document-formats
	[TUF Security]: https://theupdateframework.github.io/security.html
	[TUF Metadata]: https://theupdateframework.github.io/metadata.html
	[hostname]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname
	[RFC 1123]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123
	[RFC 5890]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5890
	[IDNA A-labels]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5890#section-2.3.2.1
	[Fuchsia filesystem paths]: /docs/concepts/process/namespaces.md#object-relative-path-expressions
	[RFC 3986]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#page-11
	[merkleroot]: /docs/concepts/packages/merkleroot.md