[fxfs] Check node attributes in golden tests

Explicitly query and check fio::NodeAttributesQuery via get_attributes()
when verifying files and directories in check_data_volume(). This verifies
both mutable and immutable attribute fields across directory, regular file,
fsverity file, and fscrypt file handles. In particular, querying
WRAPPING_KEY_ID ensures FxFile::fscrypt_wrapping_key_id(&self) is exercised
during golden image validation across all supported Fxfs versions.

TAG=agy
CONV=da25aa85-35ff-4d17-9f08-24b6c42fdc52

Bug: 533443137
Test: fx test fxfs_golden_image_test
Change-Id: Id9697ed07f4553093b8077334c6ff8bd834ce076
Reviewed-on: https://fuchsia-review.googlesource.com/c/fuchsia/+/1703914
Reviewed-by: Stephen Demos <sdemos@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Chris Suter <csuter@google.com>
Fuchsia-Auto-Submit: Chris Suter <csuter@google.com>