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fuchsia / third_party / rust / f9c73293e231f1179c426311bd7ab11f46473e9a / . / src / liballoc / vec.rs
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//! A contiguous growable array type with heap-allocated contents, written
//! `Vec<T>`.
//!
//! Vectors have `O(1)` indexing, amortized `O(1)` push (to the end) and
//! `O(1)` pop (from the end).
//!
//! # Examples
//!
//! You can explicitly create a [`Vec<T>`] with [`new`]:
//!
//! ```
//! let v: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();
//! ```
//!
//! ...or by using the [`vec!`] macro:
//!
//! ```
//! let v: Vec<i32> = vec![];
//!
//! let v = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
//!
//! let v = vec![0; 10]; // ten zeroes
//! ```
//!
//! You can [`push`] values onto the end of a vector (which will grow the vector
//! as needed):
//!
//! ```
//! let mut v = vec![1, 2];
//!
//! v.push(3);
//! ```
//!
//! Popping values works in much the same way:
//!
//! ```
//! let mut v = vec![1, 2];
//!
//! let two = v.pop();
//! ```
//!
//! Vectors also support indexing (through the [`Index`] and [`IndexMut`] traits):
//!
//! ```
//! let mut v = vec![1, 2, 3];
//! let three = v[2];
//! v[1] = v[1] + 5;
//! ```
//!
//! [`Vec<T>`]: ../../std/vec/struct.Vec.html
//! [`new`]: ../../std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.new
//! [`push`]: ../../std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.push
//! [`Index`]: ../../std/ops/trait.Index.html
//! [`IndexMut`]: ../../std/ops/trait.IndexMut.html
//! [`vec!`]: ../../std/macro.vec.html
#![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
use core::array::LengthAtMost32;
use core::cmp::{self, Ordering};
use core::fmt;
use core::hash::{self, Hash};
use core::intrinsics::{arith_offset, assume};
use core::iter::{FromIterator, FusedIterator, TrustedLen};
use core::marker::PhantomData;
use core::mem;
use core::ops::{self, Index, IndexMut, RangeBounds};
use core::ops::Bound::{Excluded, Included, Unbounded};
use core::ptr::{self, NonNull};
use core::slice::{self, SliceIndex};
use crate::borrow::{ToOwned, Cow};
use crate::collections::TryReserveError;
use crate::boxed::Box;
use crate::raw_vec::RawVec;
/// A contiguous growable array type, written `Vec<T>` but pronounced 'vector'.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = Vec::new();
/// vec.push(1);
/// vec.push(2);
///
/// assert_eq!(vec.len(), 2);
/// assert_eq!(vec[0], 1);
///
/// assert_eq!(vec.pop(), Some(2));
/// assert_eq!(vec.len(), 1);
///
/// vec[0] = 7;
/// assert_eq!(vec[0], 7);
///
/// vec.extend([1, 2, 3].iter().cloned());
///
/// for x in &vec {
/// println!("{}", x);
/// }
/// assert_eq!(vec, [7, 1, 2, 3]);
/// ```
///
/// The [`vec!`] macro is provided to make initialization more convenient:
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// vec.push(4);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1, 2, 3, 4]);
/// ```
///
/// It can also initialize each element of a `Vec<T>` with a given value.
/// This may be more efficient than performing allocation and initialization
/// in separate steps, especially when initializing a vector of zeros:
///
/// ```
/// let vec = vec![0; 5];
/// assert_eq!(vec, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
///
/// // The following is equivalent, but potentially slower:
/// let mut vec1 = Vec::with_capacity(5);
/// vec1.resize(5, 0);
/// ```
///
/// Use a `Vec<T>` as an efficient stack:
///
/// ```
/// let mut stack = Vec::new();
///
/// stack.push(1);
/// stack.push(2);
/// stack.push(3);
///
/// while let Some(top) = stack.pop() {
/// // Prints 3, 2, 1
/// println!("{}", top);
/// }
/// ```
///
/// # Indexing
///
/// The `Vec` type allows to access values by index, because it implements the
/// [`Index`] trait. An example will be more explicit:
///
/// ```
/// let v = vec![0, 2, 4, 6];
/// println!("{}", v[1]); // it will display '2'
/// ```
///
/// However be careful: if you try to access an index which isn't in the `Vec`,
/// your software will panic! You cannot do this:
///
/// ```should_panic
/// let v = vec![0, 2, 4, 6];
/// println!("{}", v[6]); // it will panic!
/// ```
///
/// In conclusion: always check if the index you want to get really exists
/// before doing it.
///
/// # Slicing
///
/// A `Vec` can be mutable. Slices, on the other hand, are read-only objects.
/// To get a slice, use `&`. Example:
///
/// ```
/// fn read_slice(slice: &[usize]) {
/// // ...
/// }
///
/// let v = vec![0, 1];
/// read_slice(&v);
///
/// // ... and that's all!
/// // you can also do it like this:
/// let x : &[usize] = &v;
/// ```
///
/// In Rust, it's more common to pass slices as arguments rather than vectors
/// when you just want to provide a read access. The same goes for [`String`] and
/// [`&str`].
///
/// # Capacity and reallocation
///
/// The capacity of a vector is the amount of space allocated for any future
/// elements that will be added onto the vector. This is not to be confused with
/// the *length* of a vector, which specifies the number of actual elements
/// within the vector. If a vector's length exceeds its capacity, its capacity
/// will automatically be increased, but its elements will have to be
/// reallocated.
///
/// For example, a vector with capacity 10 and length 0 would be an empty vector
/// with space for 10 more elements. Pushing 10 or fewer elements onto the
/// vector will not change its capacity or cause reallocation to occur. However,
/// if the vector's length is increased to 11, it will have to reallocate, which
/// can be slow. For this reason, it is recommended to use [`Vec::with_capacity`]
/// whenever possible to specify how big the vector is expected to get.
///
/// # Guarantees
///
/// Due to its incredibly fundamental nature, `Vec` makes a lot of guarantees
/// about its design. This ensures that it's as low-overhead as possible in
/// the general case, and can be correctly manipulated in primitive ways
/// by unsafe code. Note that these guarantees refer to an unqualified `Vec<T>`.
/// If additional type parameters are added (e.g., to support custom allocators),
/// overriding their defaults may change the behavior.
///
/// Most fundamentally, `Vec` is and always will be a (pointer, capacity, length)
/// triplet. No more, no less. The order of these fields is completely
/// unspecified, and you should use the appropriate methods to modify these.
/// The pointer will never be null, so this type is null-pointer-optimized.
///
/// However, the pointer may not actually point to allocated memory. In particular,
/// if you construct a `Vec` with capacity 0 via [`Vec::new`], [`vec![]`][`vec!`],
/// [`Vec::with_capacity(0)`][`Vec::with_capacity`], or by calling [`shrink_to_fit`]
/// on an empty Vec, it will not allocate memory. Similarly, if you store zero-sized
/// types inside a `Vec`, it will not allocate space for them. *Note that in this case
/// the `Vec` may not report a [`capacity`] of 0*. `Vec` will allocate if and only
/// if [`mem::size_of::<T>`]`() * capacity() > 0`. In general, `Vec`'s allocation
/// details are very subtle &mdash; if you intend to allocate memory using a `Vec`
/// and use it for something else (either to pass to unsafe code, or to build your
/// own memory-backed collection), be sure to deallocate this memory by using
/// `from_raw_parts` to recover the `Vec` and then dropping it.
///
/// If a `Vec` *has* allocated memory, then the memory it points to is on the heap
/// (as defined by the allocator Rust is configured to use by default), and its
/// pointer points to [`len`] initialized, contiguous elements in order (what
/// you would see if you coerced it to a slice), followed by [`capacity`]` -
/// `[`len`] logically uninitialized, contiguous elements.
///
/// `Vec` will never perform a "small optimization" where elements are actually
/// stored on the stack for two reasons:
///
/// * It would make it more difficult for unsafe code to correctly manipulate
/// a `Vec`. The contents of a `Vec` wouldn't have a stable address if it were
/// only moved, and it would be more difficult to determine if a `Vec` had
/// actually allocated memory.
///
/// * It would penalize the general case, incurring an additional branch
/// on every access.
///
/// `Vec` will never automatically shrink itself, even if completely empty. This
/// ensures no unnecessary allocations or deallocations occur. Emptying a `Vec`
/// and then filling it back up to the same [`len`] should incur no calls to
/// the allocator. If you wish to free up unused memory, use
/// [`shrink_to_fit`][`shrink_to_fit`].
///
/// [`push`] and [`insert`] will never (re)allocate if the reported capacity is
/// sufficient. [`push`] and [`insert`] *will* (re)allocate if
/// [`len`]` == `[`capacity`]. That is, the reported capacity is completely
/// accurate, and can be relied on. It can even be used to manually free the memory
/// allocated by a `Vec` if desired. Bulk insertion methods *may* reallocate, even
/// when not necessary.
///
/// `Vec` does not guarantee any particular growth strategy when reallocating
/// when full, nor when [`reserve`] is called. The current strategy is basic
/// and it may prove desirable to use a non-constant growth factor. Whatever
/// strategy is used will of course guarantee `O(1)` amortized [`push`].
///
/// `vec![x; n]`, `vec![a, b, c, d]`, and
/// [`Vec::with_capacity(n)`][`Vec::with_capacity`], will all produce a `Vec`
/// with exactly the requested capacity. If [`len`]` == `[`capacity`],
/// (as is the case for the [`vec!`] macro), then a `Vec<T>` can be converted to
/// and from a [`Box<[T]>`][owned slice] without reallocating or moving the elements.
///
/// `Vec` will not specifically overwrite any data that is removed from it,
/// but also won't specifically preserve it. Its uninitialized memory is
/// scratch space that it may use however it wants. It will generally just do
/// whatever is most efficient or otherwise easy to implement. Do not rely on
/// removed data to be erased for security purposes. Even if you drop a `Vec`, its
/// buffer may simply be reused by another `Vec`. Even if you zero a `Vec`'s memory
/// first, that may not actually happen because the optimizer does not consider
/// this a side-effect that must be preserved. There is one case which we will
/// not break, however: using `unsafe` code to write to the excess capacity,
/// and then increasing the length to match, is always valid.
///
/// `Vec` does not currently guarantee the order in which elements are dropped.
/// The order has changed in the past and may change again.
///
/// [`vec!`]: ../../std/macro.vec.html
/// [`Index`]: ../../std/ops/trait.Index.html
/// [`String`]: ../../std/string/struct.String.html
/// [`&str`]: ../../std/primitive.str.html
/// [`Vec::with_capacity`]: ../../std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.with_capacity
/// [`Vec::new`]: ../../std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.new
/// [`shrink_to_fit`]: ../../std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.shrink_to_fit
/// [`capacity`]: ../../std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.capacity
/// [`mem::size_of::<T>`]: ../../std/mem/fn.size_of.html
/// [`len`]: ../../std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.len
/// [`push`]: ../../std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.push
/// [`insert`]: ../../std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.insert
/// [`reserve`]: ../../std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.reserve
/// [owned slice]: ../../std/boxed/struct.Box.html
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[cfg_attr(all(not(bootstrap), not(test)), rustc_diagnostic_item = "vec_type")]
pub struct Vec<T> {
buf: RawVec<T>,
len: usize,
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Inherent methods
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
impl<T> Vec<T> {
/// Constructs a new, empty `Vec<T>`.
///
/// The vector will not allocate until elements are pushed onto it.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # #![allow(unused_mut)]
/// let mut vec: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_vec_new")]
pub const fn new() -> Vec<T> {
Vec {
buf: RawVec::new(),
len: 0,
}
}
/// Constructs a new, empty `Vec<T>` with the specified capacity.
///
/// The vector will be able to hold exactly `capacity` elements without
/// reallocating. If `capacity` is 0, the vector will not allocate.
///
/// It is important to note that although the returned vector has the
/// *capacity* specified, the vector will have a zero *length*. For an
/// explanation of the difference between length and capacity, see
/// *[Capacity and reallocation]*.
///
/// [Capacity and reallocation]: #capacity-and-reallocation
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(10);
///
/// // The vector contains no items, even though it has capacity for more
/// assert_eq!(vec.len(), 0);
///
/// // These are all done without reallocating...
/// for i in 0..10 {
/// vec.push(i);
/// }
///
/// // ...but this may make the vector reallocate
/// vec.push(11);
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> Vec<T> {
Vec {
buf: RawVec::with_capacity(capacity),
len: 0,
}
}
/// Creates a `Vec<T>` directly from the raw components of another vector.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// This is highly unsafe, due to the number of invariants that aren't
/// checked:
///
/// * `ptr` needs to have been previously allocated via [`String`]/`Vec<T>`
/// (at least, it's highly likely to be incorrect if it wasn't).
/// * `ptr`'s `T` needs to have the same size and alignment as it was allocated with.
/// * `length` needs to be less than or equal to `capacity`.
/// * `capacity` needs to be the capacity that the pointer was allocated with.
///
/// Violating these may cause problems like corrupting the allocator's
/// internal data structures. For example it is **not** safe
/// to build a `Vec<u8>` from a pointer to a C `char` array and a `size_t`.
///
/// The ownership of `ptr` is effectively transferred to the
/// `Vec<T>` which may then deallocate, reallocate or change the
/// contents of memory pointed to by the pointer at will. Ensure
/// that nothing else uses the pointer after calling this
/// function.
///
/// [`String`]: ../../std/string/struct.String.html
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::ptr;
/// use std::mem;
///
/// fn main() {
/// let mut v = vec![1, 2, 3];
///
/// // Pull out the various important pieces of information about `v`
/// let p = v.as_mut_ptr();
/// let len = v.len();
/// let cap = v.capacity();
///
/// unsafe {
/// // Cast `v` into the void: no destructor run, so we are in
/// // complete control of the allocation to which `p` points.
/// mem::forget(v);
///
/// // Overwrite memory with 4, 5, 6
/// for i in 0..len as isize {
/// ptr::write(p.offset(i), 4 + i);
/// }
///
/// // Put everything back together into a Vec
/// let rebuilt = Vec::from_raw_parts(p, len, cap);
/// assert_eq!(rebuilt, [4, 5, 6]);
/// }
/// }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub unsafe fn from_raw_parts(ptr: *mut T, length: usize, capacity: usize) -> Vec<T> {
Vec {
buf: RawVec::from_raw_parts(ptr, capacity),
len: length,
}
}
/// Returns the number of elements the vector can hold without
/// reallocating.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let vec: Vec<i32> = Vec::with_capacity(10);
/// assert_eq!(vec.capacity(), 10);
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {
self.buf.capacity()
}
/// Reserves capacity for at least `additional` more elements to be inserted
/// in the given `Vec<T>`. The collection may reserve more space to avoid
/// frequent reallocations. After calling `reserve`, capacity will be
/// greater than or equal to `self.len() + additional`. Does nothing if
/// capacity is already sufficient.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the new capacity overflows `usize`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1];
/// vec.reserve(10);
/// assert!(vec.capacity() >= 11);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn reserve(&mut self, additional: usize) {
self.buf.reserve(self.len, additional);
}
/// Reserves the minimum capacity for exactly `additional` more elements to
/// be inserted in the given `Vec<T>`. After calling `reserve_exact`,
/// capacity will be greater than or equal to `self.len() + additional`.
/// Does nothing if the capacity is already sufficient.
///
/// Note that the allocator may give the collection more space than it
/// requests. Therefore, capacity can not be relied upon to be precisely
/// minimal. Prefer `reserve` if future insertions are expected.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the new capacity overflows `usize`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1];
/// vec.reserve_exact(10);
/// assert!(vec.capacity() >= 11);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn reserve_exact(&mut self, additional: usize) {
self.buf.reserve_exact(self.len, additional);
}
/// Tries to reserve capacity for at least `additional` more elements to be inserted
/// in the given `Vec<T>`. The collection may reserve more space to avoid
/// frequent reallocations. After calling `reserve`, capacity will be
/// greater than or equal to `self.len() + additional`. Does nothing if
/// capacity is already sufficient.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// If the capacity overflows, or the allocator reports a failure, then an error
/// is returned.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// #![feature(try_reserve)]
/// use std::collections::TryReserveError;
///
/// fn process_data(data: &[u32]) -> Result<Vec<u32>, TryReserveError> {
/// let mut output = Vec::new();
///
/// // Pre-reserve the memory, exiting if we can't
/// output.try_reserve(data.len())?;
///
/// // Now we know this can't OOM in the middle of our complex work
/// output.extend(data.iter().map(|&val| {
/// val * 2 + 5 // very complicated
/// }));
///
/// Ok(output)
/// }
/// # process_data(&[1, 2, 3]).expect("why is the test harness OOMing on 12 bytes?");
/// ```
#[unstable(feature = "try_reserve", reason = "new API", issue="48043")]
pub fn try_reserve(&mut self, additional: usize) -> Result<(), TryReserveError> {
self.buf.try_reserve(self.len, additional)
}
/// Tries to reserves the minimum capacity for exactly `additional` more elements to
/// be inserted in the given `Vec<T>`. After calling `reserve_exact`,
/// capacity will be greater than or equal to `self.len() + additional`.
/// Does nothing if the capacity is already sufficient.
///
/// Note that the allocator may give the collection more space than it
/// requests. Therefore, capacity can not be relied upon to be precisely
/// minimal. Prefer `reserve` if future insertions are expected.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// If the capacity overflows, or the allocator reports a failure, then an error
/// is returned.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// #![feature(try_reserve)]
/// use std::collections::TryReserveError;
///
/// fn process_data(data: &[u32]) -> Result<Vec<u32>, TryReserveError> {
/// let mut output = Vec::new();
///
/// // Pre-reserve the memory, exiting if we can't
/// output.try_reserve(data.len())?;
///
/// // Now we know this can't OOM in the middle of our complex work
/// output.extend(data.iter().map(|&val| {
/// val * 2 + 5 // very complicated
/// }));
///
/// Ok(output)
/// }
/// # process_data(&[1, 2, 3]).expect("why is the test harness OOMing on 12 bytes?");
/// ```
#[unstable(feature = "try_reserve", reason = "new API", issue="48043")]
pub fn try_reserve_exact(&mut self, additional: usize) -> Result<(), TryReserveError> {
self.buf.try_reserve_exact(self.len, additional)
}
/// Shrinks the capacity of the vector as much as possible.
///
/// It will drop down as close as possible to the length but the allocator
/// may still inform the vector that there is space for a few more elements.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(10);
/// vec.extend([1, 2, 3].iter().cloned());
/// assert_eq!(vec.capacity(), 10);
/// vec.shrink_to_fit();
/// assert!(vec.capacity() >= 3);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn shrink_to_fit(&mut self) {
if self.capacity() != self.len {
self.buf.shrink_to_fit(self.len);
}
}
/// Shrinks the capacity of the vector with a lower bound.
///
/// The capacity will remain at least as large as both the length
/// and the supplied value.
///
/// Panics if the current capacity is smaller than the supplied
/// minimum capacity.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// #![feature(shrink_to)]
/// let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(10);
/// vec.extend([1, 2, 3].iter().cloned());
/// assert_eq!(vec.capacity(), 10);
/// vec.shrink_to(4);
/// assert!(vec.capacity() >= 4);
/// vec.shrink_to(0);
/// assert!(vec.capacity() >= 3);
/// ```
#[unstable(feature = "shrink_to", reason = "new API", issue="56431")]
pub fn shrink_to(&mut self, min_capacity: usize) {
self.buf.shrink_to_fit(cmp::max(self.len, min_capacity));
}
/// Converts the vector into [`Box<[T]>`][owned slice].
///
/// Note that this will drop any excess capacity.
///
/// [owned slice]: ../../std/boxed/struct.Box.html
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let v = vec![1, 2, 3];
///
/// let slice = v.into_boxed_slice();
/// ```
///
/// Any excess capacity is removed:
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(10);
/// vec.extend([1, 2, 3].iter().cloned());
///
/// assert_eq!(vec.capacity(), 10);
/// let slice = vec.into_boxed_slice();
/// assert_eq!(slice.into_vec().capacity(), 3);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn into_boxed_slice(mut self) -> Box<[T]> {
unsafe {
self.shrink_to_fit();
let buf = ptr::read(&self.buf);
mem::forget(self);
buf.into_box()
}
}
/// Shortens the vector, keeping the first `len` elements and dropping
/// the rest.
///
/// If `len` is greater than the vector's current length, this has no
/// effect.
///
/// The [`drain`] method can emulate `truncate`, but causes the excess
/// elements to be returned instead of dropped.
///
/// Note that this method has no effect on the allocated capacity
/// of the vector.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Truncating a five element vector to two elements:
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
/// vec.truncate(2);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1, 2]);
/// ```
///
/// No truncation occurs when `len` is greater than the vector's current
/// length:
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// vec.truncate(8);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1, 2, 3]);
/// ```
///
/// Truncating when `len == 0` is equivalent to calling the [`clear`]
/// method.
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// vec.truncate(0);
/// assert_eq!(vec, []);
/// ```
///
/// [`clear`]: #method.clear
/// [`drain`]: #method.drain
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn truncate(&mut self, len: usize) {
if mem::needs_drop::<T>() {
let current_len = self.len;
unsafe {
let mut ptr = self.as_mut_ptr().add(self.len);
// Set the final length at the end, keeping in mind that
// dropping an element might panic. Works around a missed
// optimization, as seen in the following issue:
// https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/51802
let mut local_len = SetLenOnDrop::new(&mut self.len);
// drop any extra elements
for _ in len..current_len {
local_len.decrement_len(1);
ptr = ptr.offset(-1);
ptr::drop_in_place(ptr);
}
}
} else if len <= self.len {
self.len = len;
}
}
/// Extracts a slice containing the entire vector.
///
/// Equivalent to `&s[..]`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::io::{self, Write};
/// let buffer = vec![1, 2, 3, 5, 8];
/// io::sink().write(buffer.as_slice()).unwrap();
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "vec_as_slice", since = "1.7.0")]
pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[T] {
self
}
/// Extracts a mutable slice of the entire vector.
///
/// Equivalent to `&mut s[..]`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::io::{self, Read};
/// let mut buffer = vec![0; 3];
/// io::repeat(0b101).read_exact(buffer.as_mut_slice()).unwrap();
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "vec_as_slice", since = "1.7.0")]
pub fn as_mut_slice(&mut self) -> &mut [T] {
self
}
/// Returns a raw pointer to the vector's buffer.
///
/// The caller must ensure that the vector outlives the pointer this
/// function returns, or else it will end up pointing to garbage.
/// Modifying the vector may cause its buffer to be reallocated,
/// which would also make any pointers to it invalid.
///
/// The caller must also ensure that the memory the pointer (non-transitively) points to
/// is never written to (except inside an `UnsafeCell`) using this pointer or any pointer
/// derived from it. If you need to mutate the contents of the slice, use [`as_mut_ptr`].
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let x = vec![1, 2, 4];
/// let x_ptr = x.as_ptr();
///
/// unsafe {
/// for i in 0..x.len() {
/// assert_eq!(*x_ptr.add(i), 1 << i);
/// }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// [`as_mut_ptr`]: #method.as_mut_ptr
#[stable(feature = "vec_as_ptr", since = "1.37.0")]
#[inline]
pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const T {
// We shadow the slice method of the same name to avoid going through
// `deref`, which creates an intermediate reference.
let ptr = self.buf.ptr();
unsafe { assume(!ptr.is_null()); }
ptr
}
/// Returns an unsafe mutable pointer to the vector's buffer.
///
/// The caller must ensure that the vector outlives the pointer this
/// function returns, or else it will end up pointing to garbage.
/// Modifying the vector may cause its buffer to be reallocated,
/// which would also make any pointers to it invalid.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// // Allocate vector big enough for 4 elements.
/// let size = 4;
/// let mut x: Vec<i32> = Vec::with_capacity(size);
/// let x_ptr = x.as_mut_ptr();
///
/// // Initialize elements via raw pointer writes, then set length.
/// unsafe {
/// for i in 0..size {
/// *x_ptr.add(i) = i as i32;
/// }
/// x.set_len(size);
/// }
/// assert_eq!(&*x, &[0,1,2,3]);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "vec_as_ptr", since = "1.37.0")]
#[inline]
pub fn as_mut_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut T {
// We shadow the slice method of the same name to avoid going through
// `deref_mut`, which creates an intermediate reference.
let ptr = self.buf.ptr();
unsafe { assume(!ptr.is_null()); }
ptr
}
/// Forces the length of the vector to `new_len`.
///
/// This is a low-level operation that maintains none of the normal
/// invariants of the type. Normally changing the length of a vector
/// is done using one of the safe operations instead, such as
/// [`truncate`], [`resize`], [`extend`], or [`clear`].
///
/// [`truncate`]: #method.truncate
/// [`resize`]: #method.resize
/// [`extend`]: #method.extend-1
/// [`clear`]: #method.clear
///
/// # Safety
///
/// - `new_len` must be less than or equal to [`capacity()`].
/// - The elements at `old_len..new_len` must be initialized.
///
/// [`capacity()`]: #method.capacity
///
/// # Examples
///
/// This method can be useful for situations in which the vector
/// is serving as a buffer for other code, particularly over FFI:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # #![allow(dead_code)]
/// # // This is just a minimal skeleton for the doc example;
/// # // don't use this as a starting point for a real library.
/// # pub struct StreamWrapper { strm: *mut std::ffi::c_void }
/// # const Z_OK: i32 = 0;
/// # extern "C" {
/// # fn deflateGetDictionary(
/// # strm: *mut std::ffi::c_void,
/// # dictionary: *mut u8,
/// # dictLength: *mut usize,
/// # ) -> i32;
/// # }
/// # impl StreamWrapper {
/// pub fn get_dictionary(&self) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
/// // Per the FFI method's docs, "32768 bytes is always enough".
/// let mut dict = Vec::with_capacity(32_768);
/// let mut dict_length = 0;
/// // SAFETY: When `deflateGetDictionary` returns `Z_OK`, it holds that:
/// // 1. `dict_length` elements were initialized.
/// // 2. `dict_length` <= the capacity (32_768)
/// // which makes `set_len` safe to call.
/// unsafe {
/// // Make the FFI call...
/// let r = deflateGetDictionary(self.strm, dict.as_mut_ptr(), &mut dict_length);
/// if r == Z_OK {
/// // ...and update the length to what was initialized.
/// dict.set_len(dict_length);
/// Some(dict)
/// } else {
/// None
/// }
/// }
/// }
/// # }
/// ```
///
/// While the following example is sound, there is a memory leak since
/// the inner vectors were not freed prior to the `set_len` call:
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![vec![1, 0, 0],
/// vec![0, 1, 0],
/// vec![0, 0, 1]];
/// // SAFETY:
/// // 1. `old_len..0` is empty so no elements need to be initialized.
/// // 2. `0 <= capacity` always holds whatever `capacity` is.
/// unsafe {
/// vec.set_len(0);
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Normally, here, one would use [`clear`] instead to correctly drop
/// the contents and thus not leak memory.
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub unsafe fn set_len(&mut self, new_len: usize) {
debug_assert!(new_len <= self.capacity());
self.len = new_len;
}
/// Removes an element from the vector and returns it.
///
/// The removed element is replaced by the last element of the vector.
///
/// This does not preserve ordering, but is O(1).
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if `index` is out of bounds.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut v = vec!["foo", "bar", "baz", "qux"];
///
/// assert_eq!(v.swap_remove(1), "bar");
/// assert_eq!(v, ["foo", "qux", "baz"]);
///
/// assert_eq!(v.swap_remove(0), "foo");
/// assert_eq!(v, ["baz", "qux"]);
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn swap_remove(&mut self, index: usize) -> T {
unsafe {
// We replace self[index] with the last element. Note that if the
// bounds check on hole succeeds there must be a last element (which
// can be self[index] itself).
let hole: *mut T = &mut self[index];
let last = ptr::read(self.get_unchecked(self.len - 1));
self.len -= 1;
ptr::replace(hole, last)
}
}
/// Inserts an element at position `index` within the vector, shifting all
/// elements after it to the right.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if `index > len`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// vec.insert(1, 4);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1, 4, 2, 3]);
/// vec.insert(4, 5);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1, 4, 2, 3, 5]);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn insert(&mut self, index: usize, element: T) {
let len = self.len();
assert!(index <= len);
// space for the new element
if len == self.buf.capacity() {
self.reserve(1);
}
unsafe {
// infallible
// The spot to put the new value
{
let p = self.as_mut_ptr().add(index);
// Shift everything over to make space. (Duplicating the
// `index`th element into two consecutive places.)
ptr::copy(p, p.offset(1), len - index);
// Write it in, overwriting the first copy of the `index`th
// element.
ptr::write(p, element);
}
self.set_len(len + 1);
}
}
/// Removes and returns the element at position `index` within the vector,
/// shifting all elements after it to the left.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if `index` is out of bounds.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut v = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// assert_eq!(v.remove(1), 2);
/// assert_eq!(v, [1, 3]);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn remove(&mut self, index: usize) -> T {
let len = self.len();
assert!(index < len);
unsafe {
// infallible
let ret;
{
// the place we are taking from.
let ptr = self.as_mut_ptr().add(index);
// copy it out, unsafely having a copy of the value on
// the stack and in the vector at the same time.
ret = ptr::read(ptr);
// Shift everything down to fill in that spot.
ptr::copy(ptr.offset(1), ptr, len - index - 1);
}
self.set_len(len - 1);
ret
}
}
/// Retains only the elements specified by the predicate.
///
/// In other words, remove all elements `e` such that `f(&e)` returns `false`.
/// This method operates in place, visiting each element exactly once in the
/// original order, and preserves the order of the retained elements.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3, 4];
/// vec.retain(|&x| x%2 == 0);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [2, 4]);
/// ```
///
/// The exact order may be useful for tracking external state, like an index.
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
/// let keep = [false, true, true, false, true];
/// let mut i = 0;
/// vec.retain(|_| (keep[i], i += 1).0);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [2, 3, 5]);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn retain<F>(&mut self, mut f: F)
where F: FnMut(&T) -> bool
{
self.drain_filter(|x| !f(x));
}
/// Removes all but the first of consecutive elements in the vector that resolve to the same
/// key.
///
/// If the vector is sorted, this removes all duplicates.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![10, 20, 21, 30, 20];
///
/// vec.dedup_by_key(|i| *i / 10);
///
/// assert_eq!(vec, [10, 20, 30, 20]);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "dedup_by", since = "1.16.0")]
#[inline]
pub fn dedup_by_key<F, K>(&mut self, mut key: F) where F: FnMut(&mut T) -> K, K: PartialEq {
self.dedup_by(|a, b| key(a) == key(b))
}
/// Removes all but the first of consecutive elements in the vector satisfying a given equality
/// relation.
///
/// The `same_bucket` function is passed references to two elements from the vector and
/// must determine if the elements compare equal. The elements are passed in opposite order
/// from their order in the slice, so if `same_bucket(a, b)` returns `true`, `a` is removed.
///
/// If the vector is sorted, this removes all duplicates.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec!["foo", "bar", "Bar", "baz", "bar"];
///
/// vec.dedup_by(|a, b| a.eq_ignore_ascii_case(b));
///
/// assert_eq!(vec, ["foo", "bar", "baz", "bar"]);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "dedup_by", since = "1.16.0")]
pub fn dedup_by<F>(&mut self, same_bucket: F) where F: FnMut(&mut T, &mut T) -> bool {
let len = {
let (dedup, _) = self.as_mut_slice().partition_dedup_by(same_bucket);
dedup.len()
};
self.truncate(len);
}
/// Appends an element to the back of a collection.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the number of elements in the vector overflows a `usize`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2];
/// vec.push(3);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1, 2, 3]);
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn push(&mut self, value: T) {
// This will panic or abort if we would allocate > isize::MAX bytes
// or if the length increment would overflow for zero-sized types.
if self.len == self.buf.capacity() {
self.reserve(1);
}
unsafe {
let end = self.as_mut_ptr().add(self.len);
ptr::write(end, value);
self.len += 1;
}
}
/// Removes the last element from a vector and returns it, or [`None`] if it
/// is empty.
///
/// [`None`]: ../../std/option/enum.Option.html#variant.None
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// assert_eq!(vec.pop(), Some(3));
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1, 2]);
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
if self.len == 0 {
None
} else {
unsafe {
self.len -= 1;
Some(ptr::read(self.get_unchecked(self.len())))
}
}
}
/// Moves all the elements of `other` into `Self`, leaving `other` empty.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the number of elements in the vector overflows a `usize`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// let mut vec2 = vec![4, 5, 6];
/// vec.append(&mut vec2);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
/// assert_eq!(vec2, []);
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "append", since = "1.4.0")]
pub fn append(&mut self, other: &mut Self) {
unsafe {
self.append_elements(other.as_slice() as _);
other.set_len(0);
}
}
/// Appends elements to `Self` from other buffer.
#[inline]
unsafe fn append_elements(&mut self, other: *const [T]) {
let count = (*other).len();
self.reserve(count);
let len = self.len();
ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(other as *const T, self.as_mut_ptr().add(len), count);
self.len += count;
}
/// Creates a draining iterator that removes the specified range in the vector
/// and yields the removed items.
///
/// Note 1: The element range is removed even if the iterator is only
/// partially consumed or not consumed at all.
///
/// Note 2: It is unspecified how many elements are removed from the vector
/// if the `Drain` value is leaked.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the starting point is greater than the end point or if
/// the end point is greater than the length of the vector.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut v = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// let u: Vec<_> = v.drain(1..).collect();
/// assert_eq!(v, &[1]);
/// assert_eq!(u, &[2, 3]);
///
/// // A full range clears the vector
/// v.drain(..);
/// assert_eq!(v, &[]);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "drain", since = "1.6.0")]
pub fn drain<R>(&mut self, range: R) -> Drain<'_, T>
where R: RangeBounds<usize>
{
// Memory safety
//
// When the Drain is first created, it shortens the length of
// the source vector to make sure no uninitialized or moved-from elements
// are accessible at all if the Drain's destructor never gets to run.
//
// Drain will ptr::read out the values to remove.
// When finished, remaining tail of the vec is copied back to cover
// the hole, and the vector length is restored to the new length.
//
let len = self.len();
let start = match range.start_bound() {
Included(&n) => n,
Excluded(&n) => n + 1,
Unbounded => 0,
};
let end = match range.end_bound() {
Included(&n) => n + 1,
Excluded(&n) => n,
Unbounded => len,
};
assert!(start <= end);
assert!(end <= len);
unsafe {
// set self.vec length's to start, to be safe in case Drain is leaked
self.set_len(start);
// Use the borrow in the IterMut to indicate borrowing behavior of the
// whole Drain iterator (like &mut T).
let range_slice = slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.as_mut_ptr().add(start),
end - start);
Drain {
tail_start: end,
tail_len: len - end,
iter: range_slice.iter(),
vec: NonNull::from(self),
}
}
}
/// Clears the vector, removing all values.
///
/// Note that this method has no effect on the allocated capacity
/// of the vector.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut v = vec![1, 2, 3];
///
/// v.clear();
///
/// assert!(v.is_empty());
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn clear(&mut self) {
self.truncate(0)
}
/// Returns the number of elements in the vector, also referred to
/// as its 'length'.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let a = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// assert_eq!(a.len(), 3);
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
self.len
}
/// Returns `true` if the vector contains no elements.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut v = Vec::new();
/// assert!(v.is_empty());
///
/// v.push(1);
/// assert!(!v.is_empty());
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
self.len() == 0
}
/// Splits the collection into two at the given index.
///
/// Returns a newly allocated `Self`. `self` contains elements `[0, at)`,
/// and the returned `Self` contains elements `[at, len)`.
///
/// Note that the capacity of `self` does not change.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if `at > len`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1,2,3];
/// let vec2 = vec.split_off(1);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1]);
/// assert_eq!(vec2, [2, 3]);
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "split_off", since = "1.4.0")]
pub fn split_off(&mut self, at: usize) -> Self {
assert!(at <= self.len(), "`at` out of bounds");
let other_len = self.len - at;
let mut other = Vec::with_capacity(other_len);
// Unsafely `set_len` and copy items to `other`.
unsafe {
self.set_len(at);
other.set_len(other_len);
ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(self.as_ptr().add(at),
other.as_mut_ptr(),
other.len());
}
other
}
/// Resizes the `Vec` in-place so that `len` is equal to `new_len`.
///
/// If `new_len` is greater than `len`, the `Vec` is extended by the
/// difference, with each additional slot filled with the result of
/// calling the closure `f`. The return values from `f` will end up
/// in the `Vec` in the order they have been generated.
///
/// If `new_len` is less than `len`, the `Vec` is simply truncated.
///
/// This method uses a closure to create new values on every push. If
/// you'd rather [`Clone`] a given value, use [`resize`]. If you want
/// to use the [`Default`] trait to generate values, you can pass
/// [`Default::default()`] as the second argument.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// vec.resize_with(5, Default::default);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1, 2, 3, 0, 0]);
///
/// let mut vec = vec![];
/// let mut p = 1;
/// vec.resize_with(4, || { p *= 2; p });
/// assert_eq!(vec, [2, 4, 8, 16]);
/// ```
///
/// [`resize`]: #method.resize
/// [`Clone`]: ../../std/clone/trait.Clone.html
#[stable(feature = "vec_resize_with", since = "1.33.0")]
pub fn resize_with<F>(&mut self, new_len: usize, f: F)
where F: FnMut() -> T
{
let len = self.len();
if new_len > len {
self.extend_with(new_len - len, ExtendFunc(f));
} else {
self.truncate(new_len);
}
}
/// Consumes and leaks the `Vec`, returning a mutable reference to the contents,
/// `&'a mut [T]`. Note that the type `T` must outlive the chosen lifetime
/// `'a`. If the type has only static references, or none at all, then this
/// may be chosen to be `'static`.
///
/// This function is similar to the `leak` function on `Box`.
///
/// This function is mainly useful for data that lives for the remainder of
/// the program's life. Dropping the returned reference will cause a memory
/// leak.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Simple usage:
///
/// ```
/// #![feature(vec_leak)]
///
/// fn main() {
/// let x = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// let static_ref: &'static mut [usize] = Vec::leak(x);
/// static_ref[0] += 1;
/// assert_eq!(static_ref, &[2, 2, 3]);
/// }
/// ```
#[unstable(feature = "vec_leak", issue = "62195")]
#[inline]
pub fn leak<'a>(vec: Vec<T>) -> &'a mut [T]
where
T: 'a // Technically not needed, but kept to be explicit.
{
Box::leak(vec.into_boxed_slice())
}
}
impl<T: Clone> Vec<T> {
/// Resizes the `Vec` in-place so that `len` is equal to `new_len`.
///
/// If `new_len` is greater than `len`, the `Vec` is extended by the
/// difference, with each additional slot filled with `value`.
/// If `new_len` is less than `len`, the `Vec` is simply truncated.
///
/// This method requires [`Clone`] to be able clone the passed value. If
/// you need more flexibility (or want to rely on [`Default`] instead of
/// [`Clone`]), use [`resize_with`].
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec!["hello"];
/// vec.resize(3, "world");
/// assert_eq!(vec, ["hello", "world", "world"]);
///
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3, 4];
/// vec.resize(2, 0);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1, 2]);
/// ```
///
/// [`Clone`]: ../../std/clone/trait.Clone.html
/// [`Default`]: ../../std/default/trait.Default.html
/// [`resize_with`]: #method.resize_with
#[stable(feature = "vec_resize", since = "1.5.0")]
pub fn resize(&mut self, new_len: usize, value: T) {
let len = self.len();
if new_len > len {
self.extend_with(new_len - len, ExtendElement(value))
} else {
self.truncate(new_len);
}
}
/// Clones and appends all elements in a slice to the `Vec`.
///
/// Iterates over the slice `other`, clones each element, and then appends
/// it to this `Vec`. The `other` vector is traversed in-order.
///
/// Note that this function is same as [`extend`] except that it is
/// specialized to work with slices instead. If and when Rust gets
/// specialization this function will likely be deprecated (but still
/// available).
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1];
/// vec.extend_from_slice(&[2, 3, 4]);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1, 2, 3, 4]);
/// ```
///
/// [`extend`]: #method.extend
#[stable(feature = "vec_extend_from_slice", since = "1.6.0")]
pub fn extend_from_slice(&mut self, other: &[T]) {
self.spec_extend(other.iter())
}
}
impl<T: Default> Vec<T> {
/// Resizes the `Vec` in-place so that `len` is equal to `new_len`.
///
/// If `new_len` is greater than `len`, the `Vec` is extended by the
/// difference, with each additional slot filled with [`Default::default()`].
/// If `new_len` is less than `len`, the `Vec` is simply truncated.
///
/// This method uses [`Default`] to create new values on every push. If
/// you'd rather [`Clone`] a given value, use [`resize`].
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # #![allow(deprecated)]
/// #![feature(vec_resize_default)]
///
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// vec.resize_default(5);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1, 2, 3, 0, 0]);
///
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3, 4];
/// vec.resize_default(2);
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1, 2]);
/// ```
///
/// [`resize`]: #method.resize
/// [`Default::default()`]: ../../std/default/trait.Default.html#tymethod.default
/// [`Default`]: ../../std/default/trait.Default.html
/// [`Clone`]: ../../std/clone/trait.Clone.html
#[unstable(feature = "vec_resize_default", issue = "41758")]
#[rustc_deprecated(reason = "This is moving towards being removed in favor \
of `.resize_with(Default::default)`. If you disagree, please comment \
in the tracking issue.", since = "1.33.0")]
pub fn resize_default(&mut self, new_len: usize) {
let len = self.len();
if new_len > len {
self.extend_with(new_len - len, ExtendDefault);
} else {
self.truncate(new_len);
}
}
}
// This code generalises `extend_with_{element,default}`.
trait ExtendWith<T> {
fn next(&mut self) -> T;
fn last(self) -> T;
}
struct ExtendElement<T>(T);
impl<T: Clone> ExtendWith<T> for ExtendElement<T> {
fn next(&mut self) -> T { self.0.clone() }
fn last(self) -> T { self.0 }
}
struct ExtendDefault;
impl<T: Default> ExtendWith<T> for ExtendDefault {
fn next(&mut self) -> T { Default::default() }
fn last(self) -> T { Default::default() }
}
struct ExtendFunc<F>(F);
impl<T, F: FnMut() -> T> ExtendWith<T> for ExtendFunc<F> {
fn next(&mut self) -> T { (self.0)() }
fn last(mut self) -> T { (self.0)() }
}
impl<T> Vec<T> {
/// Extend the vector by `n` values, using the given generator.
fn extend_with<E: ExtendWith<T>>(&mut self, n: usize, mut value: E) {
self.reserve(n);
unsafe {
let mut ptr = self.as_mut_ptr().add(self.len());
// Use SetLenOnDrop to work around bug where compiler
// may not realize the store through `ptr` through self.set_len()
// don't alias.
let mut local_len = SetLenOnDrop::new(&mut self.len);
// Write all elements except the last one
for _ in 1..n {
ptr::write(ptr, value.next());
ptr = ptr.offset(1);
// Increment the length in every step in case next() panics
local_len.increment_len(1);
}
if n > 0 {
// We can write the last element directly without cloning needlessly
ptr::write(ptr, value.last());
local_len.increment_len(1);
}
// len set by scope guard
}
}
}
// Set the length of the vec when the `SetLenOnDrop` value goes out of scope.
//
// The idea is: The length field in SetLenOnDrop is a local variable
// that the optimizer will see does not alias with any stores through the Vec's data
// pointer. This is a workaround for alias analysis issue #32155
struct SetLenOnDrop<'a> {
len: &'a mut usize,
local_len: usize,
}
impl<'a> SetLenOnDrop<'a> {
#[inline]
fn new(len: &'a mut usize) -> Self {
SetLenOnDrop { local_len: *len, len: len }
}
#[inline]
fn increment_len(&mut self, increment: usize) {
self.local_len += increment;
}
#[inline]
fn decrement_len(&mut self, decrement: usize) {
self.local_len -= decrement;
}
}
impl Drop for SetLenOnDrop<'_> {
#[inline]
fn drop(&mut self) {
*self.len = self.local_len;
}
}
impl<T: PartialEq> Vec<T> {
/// Removes consecutive repeated elements in the vector according to the
/// [`PartialEq`] trait implementation.
///
/// If the vector is sorted, this removes all duplicates.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 2, 3, 2];
///
/// vec.dedup();
///
/// assert_eq!(vec, [1, 2, 3, 2]);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[inline]
pub fn dedup(&mut self) {
self.dedup_by(|a, b| a == b)
}
/// Removes the first instance of `item` from the vector if the item exists.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # #![feature(vec_remove_item)]
/// let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3, 1];
///
/// vec.remove_item(&1);
///
/// assert_eq!(vec, vec![2, 3, 1]);
/// ```
#[unstable(feature = "vec_remove_item", reason = "recently added", issue = "40062")]
pub fn remove_item(&mut self, item: &T) -> Option<T> {
let pos = self.iter().position(|x| *x == *item)?;
Some(self.remove(pos))
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Internal methods and functions
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#[doc(hidden)]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn from_elem<T: Clone>(elem: T, n: usize) -> Vec<T> {
<T as SpecFromElem>::from_elem(elem, n)
}
// Specialization trait used for Vec::from_elem
trait SpecFromElem: Sized {
fn from_elem(elem: Self, n: usize) -> Vec<Self>;
}
impl<T: Clone> SpecFromElem for T {
default fn from_elem(elem: Self, n: usize) -> Vec<Self> {
let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(n);
v.extend_with(n, ExtendElement(elem));
v
}
}
impl SpecFromElem for u8 {
#[inline]
fn from_elem(elem: u8, n: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
if elem == 0 {
return Vec {
buf: RawVec::with_capacity_zeroed(n),
len: n,
}
}
unsafe {
let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(n);
ptr::write_bytes(v.as_mut_ptr(), elem, n);
v.set_len(n);
v
}
}
}
impl<T: Clone + IsZero> SpecFromElem for T {
#[inline]
fn from_elem(elem: T, n: usize) -> Vec<T> {
if elem.is_zero() {
return Vec {
buf: RawVec::with_capacity_zeroed(n),
len: n,
}
}
let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(n);
v.extend_with(n, ExtendElement(elem));
v
}
}
unsafe trait IsZero {
/// Whether this value is zero
fn is_zero(&self) -> bool;
}
macro_rules! impl_is_zero {
($t: ty, $is_zero: expr) => {
unsafe impl IsZero for $t {
#[inline]
fn is_zero(&self) -> bool {
$is_zero(*self)
}
}
}
}
impl_is_zero!(i8, |x| x == 0);
impl_is_zero!(i16, |x| x == 0);
impl_is_zero!(i32, |x| x == 0);
impl_is_zero!(i64, |x| x == 0);
impl_is_zero!(i128, |x| x == 0);
impl_is_zero!(isize, |x| x == 0);
impl_is_zero!(u16, |x| x == 0);
impl_is_zero!(u32, |x| x == 0);
impl_is_zero!(u64, |x| x == 0);
impl_is_zero!(u128, |x| x == 0);
impl_is_zero!(usize, |x| x == 0);
impl_is_zero!(bool, |x| x == false);
impl_is_zero!(char, |x| x == '\0');
impl_is_zero!(f32, |x: f32| x.to_bits() == 0);
impl_is_zero!(f64, |x: f64| x.to_bits() == 0);
unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> IsZero for *const T {
#[inline]
fn is_zero(&self) -> bool {
(*self).is_null()
}
}
unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> IsZero for *mut T {
#[inline]
fn is_zero(&self) -> bool {
(*self).is_null()
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Common trait implementations for Vec
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: Clone> Clone for Vec<T> {
#[cfg(not(test))]
fn clone(&self) -> Vec<T> {
<[T]>::to_vec(&**self)
}
// HACK(japaric): with cfg(test) the inherent `[T]::to_vec` method, which is
// required for this method definition, is not available. Instead use the
// `slice::to_vec` function which is only available with cfg(test)
// NB see the slice::hack module in slice.rs for more information
#[cfg(test)]
fn clone(&self) -> Vec<T> {
crate::slice::to_vec(&**self)
}
fn clone_from(&mut self, other: &Vec<T>) {
other.as_slice().clone_into(self);
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: Hash> Hash for Vec<T> {
#[inline]
fn hash<H: hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
Hash::hash(&**self, state)
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[rustc_on_unimplemented(
message="vector indices are of type `usize` or ranges of `usize`",
label="vector indices are of type `usize` or ranges of `usize`",
)]
impl<T, I: SliceIndex<[T]>> Index<I> for Vec<T> {
type Output = I::Output;
#[inline]
fn index(&self, index: I) -> &Self::Output {
Index::index(&**self, index)
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[rustc_on_unimplemented(
message="vector indices are of type `usize` or ranges of `usize`",
label="vector indices are of type `usize` or ranges of `usize`",
)]
impl<T, I: SliceIndex<[T]>> IndexMut<I> for Vec<T> {
#[inline]
fn index_mut(&mut self, index: I) -> &mut Self::Output {
IndexMut::index_mut(&mut **self, index)
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T> ops::Deref for Vec<T> {
type Target = [T];
fn deref(&self) -> &[T] {
unsafe {
slice::from_raw_parts(self.as_ptr(), self.len)
}
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T> ops::DerefMut for Vec<T> {
fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [T] {
unsafe {
slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.as_mut_ptr(), self.len)
}
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T> FromIterator<T> for Vec<T> {
#[inline]
fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = T>>(iter: I) -> Vec<T> {
<Self as SpecExtend<T, I::IntoIter>>::from_iter(iter.into_iter())
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T> IntoIterator for Vec<T> {
type Item = T;
type IntoIter = IntoIter<T>;
/// Creates a consuming iterator, that is, one that moves each value out of
/// the vector (from start to end). The vector cannot be used after calling
/// this.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let v = vec!["a".to_string(), "b".to_string()];
/// for s in v.into_iter() {
/// // s has type String, not &String
/// println!("{}", s);
/// }
/// ```
#[inline]
fn into_iter(mut self) -> IntoIter<T> {
unsafe {
let begin = self.as_mut_ptr();
let end = if mem::size_of::<T>() == 0 {
arith_offset(begin as *const i8, self.len() as isize) as *const T
} else {
begin.add(self.len()) as *const T
};
let cap = self.buf.capacity();
mem::forget(self);
IntoIter {
buf: NonNull::new_unchecked(begin),
phantom: PhantomData,
cap,
ptr: begin,
end,
}
}
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a Vec<T> {
type Item = &'a T;
type IntoIter = slice::Iter<'a, T>;
fn into_iter(self) -> slice::Iter<'a, T> {
self.iter()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a mut Vec<T> {
type Item = &'a mut T;
type IntoIter = slice::IterMut<'a, T>;
fn into_iter(self) -> slice::IterMut<'a, T> {
self.iter_mut()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T> Extend<T> for Vec<T> {
#[inline]
fn extend<I: IntoIterator<Item = T>>(&mut self, iter: I) {
<Self as SpecExtend<T, I::IntoIter>>::spec_extend(self, iter.into_iter())
}
}
// Specialization trait used for Vec::from_iter and Vec::extend
trait SpecExtend<T, I> {
fn from_iter(iter: I) -> Self;
fn spec_extend(&mut self, iter: I);
}
impl<T, I> SpecExtend<T, I> for Vec<T>
where I: Iterator<Item=T>,
{
default fn from_iter(mut iterator: I) -> Self {
// Unroll the first iteration, as the vector is going to be
// expanded on this iteration in every case when the iterable is not
// empty, but the loop in extend_desugared() is not going to see the
// vector being full in the few subsequent loop iterations.
// So we get better branch prediction.
let mut vector = match iterator.next() {
None => return Vec::new(),
Some(element) => {
let (lower, _) = iterator.size_hint();
let mut vector = Vec::with_capacity(lower.saturating_add(1));
unsafe {
ptr::write(vector.get_unchecked_mut(0), element);
vector.set_len(1);
}
vector
}
};
<Vec<T> as SpecExtend<T, I>>::spec_extend(&mut vector, iterator);
vector
}
default fn spec_extend(&mut self, iter: I) {
self.extend_desugared(iter)
}
}
impl<T, I> SpecExtend<T, I> for Vec<T>
where I: TrustedLen<Item=T>,
{
default fn from_iter(iterator: I) -> Self {
let mut vector = Vec::new();
vector.spec_extend(iterator);
vector
}
default fn spec_extend(&mut self, iterator: I) {
// This is the case for a TrustedLen iterator.
let (low, high) = iterator.size_hint();
if let Some(high_value) = high {
debug_assert_eq!(low, high_value,
"TrustedLen iterator's size hint is not exact: {:?}",
(low, high));
}
if let Some(additional) = high {
self.reserve(additional);
unsafe {
let mut ptr = self.as_mut_ptr().add(self.len());
let mut local_len = SetLenOnDrop::new(&mut self.len);
iterator.for_each(move |element| {
ptr::write(ptr, element);
ptr = ptr.offset(1);
// NB can't overflow since we would have had to alloc the address space
local_len.increment_len(1);
});
}
} else {
self.extend_desugared(iterator)
}
}
}
impl<T> SpecExtend<T, IntoIter<T>> for Vec<T> {
fn from_iter(iterator: IntoIter<T>) -> Self {
// A common case is passing a vector into a function which immediately
// re-collects into a vector. We can short circuit this if the IntoIter
// has not been advanced at all.
if iterator.buf.as_ptr() as *const _ == iterator.ptr {
unsafe {
let vec = Vec::from_raw_parts(iterator.buf.as_ptr(),
iterator.len(),
iterator.cap);
mem::forget(iterator);
vec
}
} else {
let mut vector = Vec::new();
vector.spec_extend(iterator);
vector
}
}
fn spec_extend(&mut self, mut iterator: IntoIter<T>) {
unsafe {
self.append_elements(iterator.as_slice() as _);
}
iterator.ptr = iterator.end;
}
}
impl<'a, T: 'a, I> SpecExtend<&'a T, I> for Vec<T>
where I: Iterator<Item=&'a T>,
T: Clone,
{
default fn from_iter(iterator: I) -> Self {
SpecExtend::from_iter(iterator.cloned())
}
default fn spec_extend(&mut self, iterator: I) {
self.spec_extend(iterator.cloned())
}
}
impl<'a, T: 'a> SpecExtend<&'a T, slice::Iter<'a, T>> for Vec<T>
where T: Copy,
{
fn spec_extend(&mut self, iterator: slice::Iter<'a, T>) {
let slice = iterator.as_slice();
self.reserve(slice.len());
unsafe {
let len = self.len();
self.set_len(len + slice.len());
self.get_unchecked_mut(len..).copy_from_slice(slice);
}
}
}
impl<T> Vec<T> {
fn extend_desugared<I: Iterator<Item = T>>(&mut self, mut iterator: I) {
// This is the case for a general iterator.
//
// This function should be the moral equivalent of:
//
// for item in iterator {
// self.push(item);
// }
while let Some(element) = iterator.next() {
let len = self.len();
if len == self.capacity() {
let (lower, _) = iterator.size_hint();
self.reserve(lower.saturating_add(1));
}
unsafe {
ptr::write(self.get_unchecked_mut(len), element);
// NB can't overflow since we would have had to alloc the address space
self.set_len(len + 1);
}
}
}
/// Creates a splicing iterator that replaces the specified range in the vector
/// with the given `replace_with` iterator and yields the removed items.
/// `replace_with` does not need to be the same length as `range`.
///
/// The element range is removed even if the iterator is not consumed until the end.
///
/// It is unspecified how many elements are removed from the vector
/// if the `Splice` value is leaked.
///
/// The input iterator `replace_with` is only consumed when the `Splice` value is dropped.
///
/// This is optimal if:
///
/// * The tail (elements in the vector after `range`) is empty,
/// * or `replace_with` yields fewer elements than `range`’s length
/// * or the lower bound of its `size_hint()` is exact.
///
/// Otherwise, a temporary vector is allocated and the tail is moved twice.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the starting point is greater than the end point or if
/// the end point is greater than the length of the vector.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let mut v = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// let new = [7, 8];
/// let u: Vec<_> = v.splice(..2, new.iter().cloned()).collect();
/// assert_eq!(v, &[7, 8, 3]);
/// assert_eq!(u, &[1, 2]);
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "vec_splice", since = "1.21.0")]
pub fn splice<R, I>(&mut self, range: R, replace_with: I) -> Splice<'_, I::IntoIter>
where R: RangeBounds<usize>, I: IntoIterator<Item=T>
{
Splice {
drain: self.drain(range),
replace_with: replace_with.into_iter(),
}
}
/// Creates an iterator which uses a closure to determine if an element should be removed.
///
/// If the closure returns true, then the element is removed and yielded.
/// If the closure returns false, the element will remain in the vector and will not be yielded
/// by the iterator.
///
/// Using this method is equivalent to the following code:
///
/// ```
/// # let some_predicate = |x: &mut i32| { *x == 2 || *x == 3 || *x == 6 };
/// # let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
/// let mut i = 0;
/// while i != vec.len() {
/// if some_predicate(&mut vec[i]) {
/// let val = vec.remove(i);
/// // your code here
/// } else {
/// i += 1;
/// }
/// }
///
/// # assert_eq!(vec, vec![1, 4, 5]);
/// ```
///
/// But `drain_filter` is easier to use. `drain_filter` is also more efficient,
/// because it can backshift the elements of the array in bulk.
///
/// Note that `drain_filter` also lets you mutate every element in the filter closure,
/// regardless of whether you choose to keep or remove it.
///
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Splitting an array into evens and odds, reusing the original allocation:
///
/// ```
/// #![feature(drain_filter)]
/// let mut numbers = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15];
///
/// let evens = numbers.drain_filter(|x| *x % 2 == 0).collect::<Vec<_>>();
/// let odds = numbers;
///
/// assert_eq!(evens, vec![2, 4, 6, 8, 14]);
/// assert_eq!(odds, vec![1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15]);
/// ```
#[unstable(feature = "drain_filter", reason = "recently added", issue = "43244")]
pub fn drain_filter<F>(&mut self, filter: F) -> DrainFilter<'_, T, F>
where F: FnMut(&mut T) -> bool,
{
let old_len = self.len();
// Guard against us getting leaked (leak amplification)
unsafe { self.set_len(0); }
DrainFilter {
vec: self,
idx: 0,
del: 0,
old_len,
pred: filter,
panic_flag: false,
}
}
}
/// Extend implementation that copies elements out of references before pushing them onto the Vec.
///
/// This implementation is specialized for slice iterators, where it uses [`copy_from_slice`] to
/// append the entire slice at once.
///
/// [`copy_from_slice`]: ../../std/primitive.slice.html#method.copy_from_slice
#[stable(feature = "extend_ref", since = "1.2.0")]
impl<'a, T: 'a + Copy> Extend<&'a T> for Vec<T> {
fn extend<I: IntoIterator<Item = &'a T>>(&mut self, iter: I) {
self.spec_extend(iter.into_iter())
}
}
macro_rules! __impl_slice_eq1 {
([$($vars:tt)*] $lhs:ty, $rhs:ty, $($constraints:tt)*) => {
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<A, B, $($vars)*> PartialEq<$rhs> for $lhs
where
A: PartialEq<B>,
$($constraints)*
{
#[inline]
fn eq(&self, other: &$rhs) -> bool { self[..] == other[..] }
#[inline]
fn ne(&self, other: &$rhs) -> bool { self[..] != other[..] }
}
}
}
__impl_slice_eq1! { [] Vec<A>, Vec<B>, }
__impl_slice_eq1! { [] Vec<A>, &[B], }
__impl_slice_eq1! { [] Vec<A>, &mut [B], }
__impl_slice_eq1! { [] Cow<'_, [A]>, &[B], A: Clone }
__impl_slice_eq1! { [] Cow<'_, [A]>, &mut [B], A: Clone }
__impl_slice_eq1! { [] Cow<'_, [A]>, Vec<B>, A: Clone }
__impl_slice_eq1! { [const N: usize] Vec<A>, [B; N], [B; N]: LengthAtMost32 }
__impl_slice_eq1! { [const N: usize] Vec<A>, &[B; N], [B; N]: LengthAtMost32 }
// NOTE: some less important impls are omitted to reduce code bloat
// FIXME(Centril): Reconsider this?
//__impl_slice_eq1! { [const N: usize] Vec<A>, &mut [B; N], [B; N]: LengthAtMost32 }
//__impl_slice_eq1! { [const N: usize] Cow<'a, [A]>, [B; N], [B; N]: LengthAtMost32 }
//__impl_slice_eq1! { [const N: usize] Cow<'a, [A]>, &[B; N], [B; N]: LengthAtMost32 }
//__impl_slice_eq1! { [const N: usize] Cow<'a, [A]>, &mut [B; N], [B; N]: LengthAtMost32 }
/// Implements comparison of vectors, lexicographically.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: PartialOrd> PartialOrd for Vec<T> {
#[inline]
fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Vec<T>) -> Option<Ordering> {
PartialOrd::partial_cmp(&**self, &**other)
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: Eq> Eq for Vec<T> {}
/// Implements ordering of vectors, lexicographically.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: Ord> Ord for Vec<T> {
#[inline]
fn cmp(&self, other: &Vec<T>) -> Ordering {
Ord::cmp(&**self, &**other)
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
unsafe impl<#[may_dangle] T> Drop for Vec<T> {
fn drop(&mut self) {
unsafe {
// use drop for [T]
ptr::drop_in_place(&mut self[..]);
}
// RawVec handles deallocation
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T> Default for Vec<T> {
/// Creates an empty `Vec<T>`.
fn default() -> Vec<T> {
Vec::new()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for Vec<T> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
fmt::Debug::fmt(&**self, f)
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T> AsRef<Vec<T>> for Vec<T> {
fn as_ref(&self) -> &Vec<T> {
self
}
}
#[stable(feature = "vec_as_mut", since = "1.5.0")]
impl<T> AsMut<Vec<T>> for Vec<T> {
fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<T> {
self
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T> AsRef<[T]> for Vec<T> {
fn as_ref(&self) -> &[T] {
self
}
}
#[stable(feature = "vec_as_mut", since = "1.5.0")]
impl<T> AsMut<[T]> for Vec<T> {
fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [T] {
self
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: Clone> From<&[T]> for Vec<T> {
#[cfg(not(test))]
fn from(s: &[T]) -> Vec<T> {
s.to_vec()
}
#[cfg(test)]
fn from(s: &[T]) -> Vec<T> {
crate::slice::to_vec(s)
}
}
#[stable(feature = "vec_from_mut", since = "1.19.0")]
impl<T: Clone> From<&mut [T]> for Vec<T> {
#[cfg(not(test))]
fn from(s: &mut [T]) -> Vec<T> {
s.to_vec()
}
#[cfg(test)]
fn from(s: &mut [T]) -> Vec<T> {
crate::slice::to_vec(s)
}
}
#[stable(feature = "vec_from_cow_slice", since = "1.14.0")]
impl<'a, T> From<Cow<'a, [T]>> for Vec<T> where [T]: ToOwned<Owned=Vec<T>> {
fn from(s: Cow<'a, [T]>) -> Vec<T> {
s.into_owned()
}
}
// note: test pulls in libstd, which causes errors here
#[cfg(not(test))]
#[stable(feature = "vec_from_box", since = "1.18.0")]
impl<T> From<Box<[T]>> for Vec<T> {
fn from(s: Box<[T]>) -> Vec<T> {
s.into_vec()
}
}
// note: test pulls in libstd, which causes errors here
#[cfg(not(test))]
#[stable(feature = "box_from_vec", since = "1.20.0")]
impl<T> From<Vec<T>> for Box<[T]> {
fn from(v: Vec<T>) -> Box<[T]> {
v.into_boxed_slice()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl From<&str> for Vec<u8> {
fn from(s: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
From::from(s.as_bytes())
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Clone-on-write
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#[stable(feature = "cow_from_vec", since = "1.8.0")]
impl<'a, T: Clone> From<&'a [T]> for Cow<'a, [T]> {
fn from(s: &'a [T]) -> Cow<'a, [T]> {
Cow::Borrowed(s)
}
}
#[stable(feature = "cow_from_vec", since = "1.8.0")]
impl<'a, T: Clone> From<Vec<T>> for Cow<'a, [T]> {
fn from(v: Vec<T>) -> Cow<'a, [T]> {
Cow::Owned(v)
}
}
#[stable(feature = "cow_from_vec_ref", since = "1.28.0")]
impl<'a, T: Clone> From<&'a Vec<T>> for Cow<'a, [T]> {
fn from(v: &'a Vec<T>) -> Cow<'a, [T]> {
Cow::Borrowed(v.as_slice())
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<'a, T> FromIterator<T> for Cow<'a, [T]> where T: Clone {
fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = T>>(it: I) -> Cow<'a, [T]> {
Cow::Owned(FromIterator::from_iter(it))
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Iterators
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// An iterator that moves out of a vector.
///
/// This `struct` is created by the `into_iter` method on [`Vec`][`Vec`] (provided
/// by the [`IntoIterator`] trait).
///
/// [`Vec`]: struct.Vec.html
/// [`IntoIterator`]: ../../std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub struct IntoIter<T> {
buf: NonNull<T>,
phantom: PhantomData<T>,
cap: usize,
ptr: *const T,
end: *const T,
}
#[stable(feature = "vec_intoiter_debug", since = "1.13.0")]
impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for IntoIter<T> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
f.debug_tuple("IntoIter")
.field(&self.as_slice())
.finish()
}
}
impl<T> IntoIter<T> {
/// Returns the remaining items of this iterator as a slice.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let vec = vec!['a', 'b', 'c'];
/// let mut into_iter = vec.into_iter();
/// assert_eq!(into_iter.as_slice(), &['a', 'b', 'c']);
/// let _ = into_iter.next().unwrap();
/// assert_eq!(into_iter.as_slice(), &['b', 'c']);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "vec_into_iter_as_slice", since = "1.15.0")]
pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[T] {
unsafe {
slice::from_raw_parts(self.ptr, self.len())
}
}
/// Returns the remaining items of this iterator as a mutable slice.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// let vec = vec!['a', 'b', 'c'];
/// let mut into_iter = vec.into_iter();
/// assert_eq!(into_iter.as_slice(), &['a', 'b', 'c']);
/// into_iter.as_mut_slice()[2] = 'z';
/// assert_eq!(into_iter.next().unwrap(), 'a');
/// assert_eq!(into_iter.next().unwrap(), 'b');
/// assert_eq!(into_iter.next().unwrap(), 'z');
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "vec_into_iter_as_slice", since = "1.15.0")]
pub fn as_mut_slice(&mut self) -> &mut [T] {
unsafe {
slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.ptr as *mut T, self.len())
}
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
unsafe impl<T: Send> Send for IntoIter<T> {}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
unsafe impl<T: Sync> Sync for IntoIter<T> {}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T> Iterator for IntoIter<T> {
type Item = T;
#[inline]
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
unsafe {
if self.ptr as *const _ == self.end {
None
} else {
if mem::size_of::<T>() == 0 {
// purposefully don't use 'ptr.offset' because for
// vectors with 0-size elements this would return the
// same pointer.
self.ptr = arith_offset(self.ptr as *const i8, 1) as *mut T;
// Make up a value of this ZST.
Some(mem::zeroed())
} else {
let old = self.ptr;
self.ptr = self.ptr.offset(1);
Some(ptr::read(old))
}
}
}
}
#[inline]
fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
let exact = if mem::size_of::<T>() == 0 {
(self.end as usize).wrapping_sub(self.ptr as usize)
} else {
unsafe { self.end.offset_from(self.ptr) as usize }
};
(exact, Some(exact))
}
#[inline]
fn count(self) -> usize {
self.len()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T> DoubleEndedIterator for IntoIter<T> {
#[inline]
fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
unsafe {
if self.end == self.ptr {
None
} else {
if mem::size_of::<T>() == 0 {
// See above for why 'ptr.offset' isn't used
self.end = arith_offset(self.end as *const i8, -1) as *mut T;
// Make up a value of this ZST.
Some(mem::zeroed())
} else {
self.end = self.end.offset(-1);
Some(ptr::read(self.end))
}
}
}
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T> ExactSizeIterator for IntoIter<T> {
fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
self.ptr == self.end
}
}
#[stable(feature = "fused", since = "1.26.0")]
impl<T> FusedIterator for IntoIter<T> {}
#[unstable(feature = "trusted_len", issue = "37572")]
unsafe impl<T> TrustedLen for IntoIter<T> {}
#[stable(feature = "vec_into_iter_clone", since = "1.8.0")]
impl<T: Clone> Clone for IntoIter<T> {
fn clone(&self) -> IntoIter<T> {
self.as_slice().to_owned().into_iter()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
unsafe impl<#[may_dangle] T> Drop for IntoIter<T> {
fn drop(&mut self) {
// destroy the remaining elements
for _x in self.by_ref() {}
// RawVec handles deallocation
let _ = unsafe { RawVec::from_raw_parts(self.buf.as_ptr(), self.cap) };
}
}
/// A draining iterator for `Vec<T>`.
///
/// This `struct` is created by the [`drain`] method on [`Vec`].
///
/// [`drain`]: struct.Vec.html#method.drain
/// [`Vec`]: struct.Vec.html
#[stable(feature = "drain", since = "1.6.0")]
pub struct Drain<'a, T: 'a> {
/// Index of tail to preserve
tail_start: usize,
/// Length of tail
tail_len: usize,
/// Current remaining range to remove
iter: slice::Iter<'a, T>,
vec: NonNull<Vec<T>>,
}
#[stable(feature = "collection_debug", since = "1.17.0")]
impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for Drain<'_, T> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
f.debug_tuple("Drain")
.field(&self.iter.as_slice())
.finish()
}
}
impl<'a, T> Drain<'a, T> {
/// Returns the remaining items of this iterator as a slice.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # #![feature(vec_drain_as_slice)]
/// let mut vec = vec!['a', 'b', 'c'];
/// let mut drain = vec.drain(..);
/// assert_eq!(drain.as_slice(), &['a', 'b', 'c']);
/// let _ = drain.next().unwrap();
/// assert_eq!(drain.as_slice(), &['b', 'c']);
/// ```
#[unstable(feature = "vec_drain_as_slice", reason = "recently added", issue = "58957")]
pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[T] {
self.iter.as_slice()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "drain", since = "1.6.0")]
unsafe impl<T: Sync> Sync for Drain<'_, T> {}
#[stable(feature = "drain", since = "1.6.0")]
unsafe impl<T: Send> Send for Drain<'_, T> {}
#[stable(feature = "drain", since = "1.6.0")]
impl<T> Iterator for Drain<'_, T> {
type Item = T;
#[inline]
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
self.iter.next().map(|elt| unsafe { ptr::read(elt as *const _) })
}
fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
self.iter.size_hint()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "drain", since = "1.6.0")]
impl<T> DoubleEndedIterator for Drain<'_, T> {
#[inline]
fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
self.iter.next_back().map(|elt| unsafe { ptr::read(elt as *const _) })
}
}
#[stable(feature = "drain", since = "1.6.0")]
impl<T> Drop for Drain<'_, T> {
fn drop(&mut self) {
// exhaust self first
self.for_each(drop);
if self.tail_len > 0 {
unsafe {
let source_vec = self.vec.as_mut();
// memmove back untouched tail, update to new length
let start = source_vec.len();
let tail = self.tail_start;
if tail != start {
let src = source_vec.as_ptr().add(tail);
let dst = source_vec.as_mut_ptr().add(start);
ptr::copy(src, dst, self.tail_len);
}
source_vec.set_len(start + self.tail_len);
}
}
}
}
#[stable(feature = "drain", since = "1.6.0")]
impl<T> ExactSizeIterator for Drain<'_, T> {
fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
self.iter.is_empty()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "fused", since = "1.26.0")]
impl<T> FusedIterator for Drain<'_, T> {}
/// A splicing iterator for `Vec`.
///
/// This struct is created by the [`splice()`] method on [`Vec`]. See its
/// documentation for more.
///
/// [`splice()`]: struct.Vec.html#method.splice
/// [`Vec`]: struct.Vec.html
#[derive(Debug)]
#[stable(feature = "vec_splice", since = "1.21.0")]
pub struct Splice<'a, I: Iterator + 'a> {
drain: Drain<'a, I::Item>,
replace_with: I,
}
#[stable(feature = "vec_splice", since = "1.21.0")]
impl<I: Iterator> Iterator for Splice<'_, I> {
type Item = I::Item;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
self.drain.next()
}
fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
self.drain.size_hint()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "vec_splice", since = "1.21.0")]
impl<I: Iterator> DoubleEndedIterator for Splice<'_, I> {
fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
self.drain.next_back()
}
}
#[stable(feature = "vec_splice", since = "1.21.0")]
impl<I: Iterator> ExactSizeIterator for Splice<'_, I> {}
#[stable(feature = "vec_splice", since = "1.21.0")]
impl<I: Iterator> Drop for Splice<'_, I> {
fn drop(&mut self) {
self.drain.by_ref().for_each(drop);
unsafe {
if self.drain.tail_len == 0 {
self.drain.vec.as_mut().extend(self.replace_with.by_ref());
return
}
// First fill the range left by drain().
if !self.drain.fill(&mut self.replace_with) {
return
}
// There may be more elements. Use the lower bound as an estimate.
// FIXME: Is the upper bound a better guess? Or something else?
let (lower_bound, _upper_bound) = self.replace_with.size_hint();
if lower_bound > 0 {
self.drain.move_tail(lower_bound);
if !self.drain.fill(&mut self.replace_with) {
return
}
}
// Collect any remaining elements.
// This is a zero-length vector which does not allocate if `lower_bound` was exact.
let mut collected = self.replace_with.by_ref().collect::<Vec<I::Item>>().into_iter();
// Now we have an exact count.
if collected.len() > 0 {
self.drain.move_tail(collected.len());
let filled = self.drain.fill(&mut collected);
debug_assert!(filled);
debug_assert_eq!(collected.len(), 0);
}
}
// Let `Drain::drop` move the tail back if necessary and restore `vec.len`.
}
}
/// Private helper methods for `Splice::drop`
impl<T> Drain<'_, T> {
/// The range from `self.vec.len` to `self.tail_start` contains elements
/// that have been moved out.
/// Fill that range as much as possible with new elements from the `replace_with` iterator.
/// Returns `true` if we filled the entire range. (`replace_with.next()` didn’t return `None`.)
unsafe fn fill<I: Iterator<Item=T>>(&mut self, replace_with: &mut I) -> bool {
let vec = self.vec.as_mut();
let range_start = vec.len;
let range_end = self.tail_start;
let range_slice = slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
vec.as_mut_ptr().add(range_start),
range_end - range_start);
for place in range_slice {
if let Some(new_item) = replace_with.next() {
ptr::write(place, new_item);
vec.len += 1;
} else {
return false
}
}
true
}
/// Makes room for inserting more elements before the tail.
unsafe fn move_tail(&mut self, extra_capacity: usize) {
let vec = self.vec.as_mut();
let used_capacity = self.tail_start + self.tail_len;
vec.buf.reserve(used_capacity, extra_capacity);
let new_tail_start = self.tail_start + extra_capacity;
let src = vec.as_ptr().add(self.tail_start);
let dst = vec.as_mut_ptr().add(new_tail_start);
ptr::copy(src, dst, self.tail_len);
self.tail_start = new_tail_start;
}
}
/// An iterator produced by calling `drain_filter` on Vec.
#[unstable(feature = "drain_filter", reason = "recently added", issue = "43244")]
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct DrainFilter<'a, T, F>
where F: FnMut(&mut T) -> bool,
{
vec: &'a mut Vec<T>,
/// The index of the item that will be inspected by the next call to `next`.
idx: usize,
/// The number of items that have been drained (removed) thus far.
del: usize,
/// The original length of `vec` prior to draining.
old_len: usize,
/// The filter test predicate.
pred: F,
/// A flag that indicates a panic has occured in the filter test prodicate.
/// This is used as a hint in the drop implmentation to prevent consumption
/// of the remainder of the `DrainFilter`. Any unprocessed items will be
/// backshifted in the `vec`, but no further items will be dropped or
/// tested by the filter predicate.
panic_flag: bool,
}
#[unstable(feature = "drain_filter", reason = "recently added", issue = "43244")]
impl<T, F> Iterator for DrainFilter<'_, T, F>
where F: FnMut(&mut T) -> bool,
{
type Item = T;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
unsafe {
while self.idx < self.old_len {
let i = self.idx;
let v = slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.vec.as_mut_ptr(), self.old_len);
self.panic_flag = true;
let drained = (self.pred)(&mut v[i]);
self.panic_flag = false;
// Update the index *after* the predicate is called. If the index
// is updated prior and the predicate panics, the element at this
// index would be leaked.
self.idx += 1;
if drained {
self.del += 1;
return Some(ptr::read(&v[i]));
} else if self.del > 0 {
let del = self.del;
let src: *const T = &v[i];
let dst: *mut T = &mut v[i - del];
ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src, dst, 1);
}
}
None
}
}
fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
(0, Some(self.old_len - self.idx))
}
}
#[unstable(feature = "drain_filter", reason = "recently added", issue = "43244")]
impl<T, F> Drop for DrainFilter<'_, T, F>
where F: FnMut(&mut T) -> bool,
{
fn drop(&mut self) {
struct BackshiftOnDrop<'a, 'b, T, F>
where
F: FnMut(&mut T) -> bool,
{
drain: &'b mut DrainFilter<'a, T, F>,
}
impl<'a, 'b, T, F> Drop for BackshiftOnDrop<'a, 'b, T, F>
where
F: FnMut(&mut T) -> bool
{
fn drop(&mut self) {
unsafe {
if self.drain.idx < self.drain.old_len && self.drain.del > 0 {
// This is a pretty messed up state, and there isn't really an
// obviously right thing to do. We don't want to keep trying
// to execute `pred`, so we just backshift all the unprocessed
// elements and tell the vec that they still exist. The backshift
// is required to prevent a double-drop of the last successfully
// drained item prior to a panic in the predicate.
let ptr = self.drain.vec.as_mut_ptr();
let src = ptr.add(self.drain.idx);
let dst = src.sub(self.drain.del);
let tail_len = self.drain.old_len - self.drain.idx;
src.copy_to(dst, tail_len);
}
self.drain.vec.set_len(self.drain.old_len - self.drain.del);
}
}
}
let backshift = BackshiftOnDrop {
drain: self
};
// Attempt to consume any remaining elements if the filter predicate
// has not yet panicked. We'll backshift any remaining elements
// whether we've already panicked or if the consumption here panics.
if !backshift.drain.panic_flag {
backshift.drain.for_each(drop);
}
}
}