//! This module provides constants which are specific to the implementation
//! of the `f32` floating point data type.
//!
//! *[See also the `f32` primitive type](../../std/primitive.f32.html).*
//!
//! Mathematically significant numbers are provided in the `consts` sub-module.

#![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]

#[cfg(not(bootstrap))]
use crate::convert::FloatToInt;
#[cfg(not(test))]
use crate::intrinsics;
use crate::mem;
use crate::num::FpCategory;

/// The radix or base of the internal representation of `f32`.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub const RADIX: u32 = 2;

/// Number of significant digits in base 2.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub const MANTISSA_DIGITS: u32 = 24;
/// Approximate number of significant digits in base 10.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub const DIGITS: u32 = 6;

/// [Machine epsilon] value for `f32`.
///
/// This is the difference between `1.0` and the next larger representable number.
///
/// [Machine epsilon]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_epsilon
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub const EPSILON: f32 = 1.19209290e-07_f32;

/// Smallest finite `f32` value.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub const MIN: f32 = -3.40282347e+38_f32;
/// Smallest positive normal `f32` value.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub const MIN_POSITIVE: f32 = 1.17549435e-38_f32;
/// Largest finite `f32` value.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub const MAX: f32 = 3.40282347e+38_f32;

/// One greater than the minimum possible normal power of 2 exponent.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub const MIN_EXP: i32 = -125;
/// Maximum possible power of 2 exponent.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub const MAX_EXP: i32 = 128;

/// Minimum possible normal power of 10 exponent.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub const MIN_10_EXP: i32 = -37;
/// Maximum possible power of 10 exponent.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub const MAX_10_EXP: i32 = 38;

/// Not a Number (NaN).
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub const NAN: f32 = 0.0_f32 / 0.0_f32;
/// Infinity (∞).
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub const INFINITY: f32 = 1.0_f32 / 0.0_f32;
/// Negative infinity (-∞).
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub const NEG_INFINITY: f32 = -1.0_f32 / 0.0_f32;

/// Basic mathematical constants.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub mod consts {
    // FIXME: replace with mathematical constants from cmath.

    /// Archimedes' constant (π)
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const PI: f32 = 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288_f32;

    /// The full circle constant (τ)
    ///
    /// Equal to 2π.
    #[unstable(feature = "tau_constant", issue = "66770")]
    pub const TAU: f32 = 6.28318530717958647692528676655900577_f32;

    /// π/2
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const FRAC_PI_2: f32 = 1.57079632679489661923132169163975144_f32;

    /// π/3
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const FRAC_PI_3: f32 = 1.04719755119659774615421446109316763_f32;

    /// π/4
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const FRAC_PI_4: f32 = 0.785398163397448309615660845819875721_f32;

    /// π/6
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const FRAC_PI_6: f32 = 0.52359877559829887307710723054658381_f32;

    /// π/8
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const FRAC_PI_8: f32 = 0.39269908169872415480783042290993786_f32;

    /// 1/π
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const FRAC_1_PI: f32 = 0.318309886183790671537767526745028724_f32;

    /// 2/π
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const FRAC_2_PI: f32 = 0.636619772367581343075535053490057448_f32;

    /// 2/sqrt(π)
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const FRAC_2_SQRT_PI: f32 = 1.12837916709551257389615890312154517_f32;

    /// sqrt(2)
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const SQRT_2: f32 = 1.41421356237309504880168872420969808_f32;

    /// 1/sqrt(2)
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const FRAC_1_SQRT_2: f32 = 0.707106781186547524400844362104849039_f32;

    /// Euler's number (e)
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const E: f32 = 2.71828182845904523536028747135266250_f32;

    /// log<sub>2</sub>(e)
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const LOG2_E: f32 = 1.44269504088896340735992468100189214_f32;

    /// log<sub>2</sub>(10)
    #[unstable(feature = "extra_log_consts", issue = "50540")]
    pub const LOG2_10: f32 = 3.32192809488736234787031942948939018_f32;

    /// log<sub>10</sub>(e)
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const LOG10_E: f32 = 0.434294481903251827651128918916605082_f32;

    /// log<sub>10</sub>(2)
    #[unstable(feature = "extra_log_consts", issue = "50540")]
    pub const LOG10_2: f32 = 0.301029995663981195213738894724493027_f32;

    /// ln(2)
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const LN_2: f32 = 0.693147180559945309417232121458176568_f32;

    /// ln(10)
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub const LN_10: f32 = 2.30258509299404568401799145468436421_f32;
}

#[lang = "f32"]
#[cfg(not(test))]
impl f32 {
    /// Returns `true` if this value is `NaN`.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::f32;
    ///
    /// let nan = f32::NAN;
    /// let f = 7.0_f32;
    ///
    /// assert!(nan.is_nan());
    /// assert!(!f.is_nan());
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_nan(self) -> bool {
        self != self
    }

    // FIXME(#50145): `abs` is publicly unavailable in libcore due to
    // concerns about portability, so this implementation is for
    // private use internally.
    #[inline]
    fn abs_private(self) -> f32 {
        f32::from_bits(self.to_bits() & 0x7fff_ffff)
    }

    /// Returns `true` if this value is positive infinity or negative infinity, and
    /// `false` otherwise.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::f32;
    ///
    /// let f = 7.0f32;
    /// let inf = f32::INFINITY;
    /// let neg_inf = f32::NEG_INFINITY;
    /// let nan = f32::NAN;
    ///
    /// assert!(!f.is_infinite());
    /// assert!(!nan.is_infinite());
    ///
    /// assert!(inf.is_infinite());
    /// assert!(neg_inf.is_infinite());
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_infinite(self) -> bool {
        self.abs_private() == INFINITY
    }

    /// Returns `true` if this number is neither infinite nor `NaN`.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::f32;
    ///
    /// let f = 7.0f32;
    /// let inf = f32::INFINITY;
    /// let neg_inf = f32::NEG_INFINITY;
    /// let nan = f32::NAN;
    ///
    /// assert!(f.is_finite());
    ///
    /// assert!(!nan.is_finite());
    /// assert!(!inf.is_finite());
    /// assert!(!neg_inf.is_finite());
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_finite(self) -> bool {
        // There's no need to handle NaN separately: if self is NaN,
        // the comparison is not true, exactly as desired.
        self.abs_private() < INFINITY
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the number is neither zero, infinite,
    /// [subnormal][subnormal], or `NaN`.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::f32;
    ///
    /// let min = f32::MIN_POSITIVE; // 1.17549435e-38f32
    /// let max = f32::MAX;
    /// let lower_than_min = 1.0e-40_f32;
    /// let zero = 0.0_f32;
    ///
    /// assert!(min.is_normal());
    /// assert!(max.is_normal());
    ///
    /// assert!(!zero.is_normal());
    /// assert!(!f32::NAN.is_normal());
    /// assert!(!f32::INFINITY.is_normal());
    /// // Values between `0` and `min` are Subnormal.
    /// assert!(!lower_than_min.is_normal());
    /// ```
    /// [subnormal]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denormal_number
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_normal(self) -> bool {
        self.classify() == FpCategory::Normal
    }

    /// Returns the floating point category of the number. If only one property
    /// is going to be tested, it is generally faster to use the specific
    /// predicate instead.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::num::FpCategory;
    /// use std::f32;
    ///
    /// let num = 12.4_f32;
    /// let inf = f32::INFINITY;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(num.classify(), FpCategory::Normal);
    /// assert_eq!(inf.classify(), FpCategory::Infinite);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub fn classify(self) -> FpCategory {
        const EXP_MASK: u32 = 0x7f800000;
        const MAN_MASK: u32 = 0x007fffff;

        let bits = self.to_bits();
        match (bits & MAN_MASK, bits & EXP_MASK) {
            (0, 0) => FpCategory::Zero,
            (_, 0) => FpCategory::Subnormal,
            (0, EXP_MASK) => FpCategory::Infinite,
            (_, EXP_MASK) => FpCategory::Nan,
            _ => FpCategory::Normal,
        }
    }

    /// Returns `true` if `self` has a positive sign, including `+0.0`, `NaN`s with
    /// positive sign bit and positive infinity.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// let f = 7.0_f32;
    /// let g = -7.0_f32;
    ///
    /// assert!(f.is_sign_positive());
    /// assert!(!g.is_sign_positive());
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_sign_positive(self) -> bool {
        !self.is_sign_negative()
    }

    /// Returns `true` if `self` has a negative sign, including `-0.0`, `NaN`s with
    /// negative sign bit and negative infinity.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// let f = 7.0f32;
    /// let g = -7.0f32;
    ///
    /// assert!(!f.is_sign_negative());
    /// assert!(g.is_sign_negative());
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_sign_negative(self) -> bool {
        // IEEE754 says: isSignMinus(x) is true if and only if x has negative sign. isSignMinus
        // applies to zeros and NaNs as well.
        self.to_bits() & 0x8000_0000 != 0
    }

    /// Takes the reciprocal (inverse) of a number, `1/x`.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::f32;
    ///
    /// let x = 2.0_f32;
    /// let abs_difference = (x.recip() - (1.0 / x)).abs();
    ///
    /// assert!(abs_difference <= f32::EPSILON);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn recip(self) -> f32 {
        1.0 / self
    }

    /// Converts radians to degrees.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::f32::{self, consts};
    ///
    /// let angle = consts::PI;
    ///
    /// let abs_difference = (angle.to_degrees() - 180.0).abs();
    ///
    /// assert!(abs_difference <= f32::EPSILON);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "f32_deg_rad_conversions", since="1.7.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_degrees(self) -> f32 {
        // Use a constant for better precision.
        const PIS_IN_180: f32 = 57.2957795130823208767981548141051703_f32;
        self * PIS_IN_180
    }

    /// Converts degrees to radians.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::f32::{self, consts};
    ///
    /// let angle = 180.0f32;
    ///
    /// let abs_difference = (angle.to_radians() - consts::PI).abs();
    ///
    /// assert!(abs_difference <= f32::EPSILON);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "f32_deg_rad_conversions", since="1.7.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_radians(self) -> f32 {
        let value: f32 = consts::PI;
        self * (value / 180.0f32)
    }

    /// Returns the maximum of the two numbers.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// let x = 1.0f32;
    /// let y = 2.0f32;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(x.max(y), y);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// If one of the arguments is NaN, then the other argument is returned.
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn max(self, other: f32) -> f32 {
        intrinsics::maxnumf32(self, other)
    }

    /// Returns the minimum of the two numbers.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// let x = 1.0f32;
    /// let y = 2.0f32;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(x.min(y), x);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// If one of the arguments is NaN, then the other argument is returned.
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn min(self, other: f32) -> f32 {
        intrinsics::minnumf32(self, other)
    }

    /// Rounds toward zero and converts to any primitive integer type,
    /// assuming that the value is finite and fits in that type.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(float_approx_unchecked_to)]
    ///
    /// let value = 4.6_f32;
    /// let rounded = unsafe { value.approx_unchecked_to::<u16>() };
    /// assert_eq!(rounded, 4);
    ///
    /// let value = -128.9_f32;
    /// let rounded = unsafe { value.approx_unchecked_to::<i8>() };
    /// assert_eq!(rounded, std::i8::MIN);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// The value must:
    ///
    /// * Not be `NaN`
    /// * Not be infinite
    /// * Be representable in the return type `Int`, after truncating off its fractional part
    #[cfg(not(bootstrap))]
    #[unstable(feature = "float_approx_unchecked_to", issue = "67058")]
    #[inline]
    pub unsafe fn approx_unchecked_to<Int>(self) -> Int where Self: FloatToInt<Int> {
        FloatToInt::<Int>::approx_unchecked(self)
    }

    /// Raw transmutation to `u32`.
    ///
    /// This is currently identical to `transmute::<f32, u32>(self)` on all platforms.
    ///
    /// See `from_bits` for some discussion of the portability of this operation
    /// (there are almost no issues).
    ///
    /// Note that this function is distinct from `as` casting, which attempts to
    /// preserve the *numeric* value, and not the bitwise value.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// assert_ne!((1f32).to_bits(), 1f32 as u32); // to_bits() is not casting!
    /// assert_eq!((12.5f32).to_bits(), 0x41480000);
    ///
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "float_bits_conv", since = "1.20.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_bits(self) -> u32 {
        // SAFETY: `u32` is a plain old datatype so we can always transmute to it
        unsafe { mem::transmute(self) }
    }

    /// Raw transmutation from `u32`.
    ///
    /// This is currently identical to `transmute::<u32, f32>(v)` on all platforms.
    /// It turns out this is incredibly portable, for two reasons:
    ///
    /// * Floats and Ints have the same endianness on all supported platforms.
    /// * IEEE-754 very precisely specifies the bit layout of floats.
    ///
    /// However there is one caveat: prior to the 2008 version of IEEE-754, how
    /// to interpret the NaN signaling bit wasn't actually specified. Most platforms
    /// (notably x86 and ARM) picked the interpretation that was ultimately
    /// standardized in 2008, but some didn't (notably MIPS). As a result, all
    /// signaling NaNs on MIPS are quiet NaNs on x86, and vice-versa.
    ///
    /// Rather than trying to preserve signaling-ness cross-platform, this
    /// implementation favors preserving the exact bits. This means that
    /// any payloads encoded in NaNs will be preserved even if the result of
    /// this method is sent over the network from an x86 machine to a MIPS one.
    ///
    /// If the results of this method are only manipulated by the same
    /// architecture that produced them, then there is no portability concern.
    ///
    /// If the input isn't NaN, then there is no portability concern.
    ///
    /// If you don't care about signalingness (very likely), then there is no
    /// portability concern.
    ///
    /// Note that this function is distinct from `as` casting, which attempts to
    /// preserve the *numeric* value, and not the bitwise value.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// let v = f32::from_bits(0x41480000);
    /// assert_eq!(v, 12.5);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "float_bits_conv", since = "1.20.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_bits(v: u32) -> Self {
        // SAFETY: `u32` is a plain old datatype so we can always transmute from it
        // It turns out the safety issues with sNaN were overblown! Hooray!
        unsafe { mem::transmute(v) }
    }

    /// Return the memory representation of this floating point number as a byte array in
    /// big-endian (network) byte order.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// let bytes = 12.5f32.to_be_bytes();
    /// assert_eq!(bytes, [0x41, 0x48, 0x00, 0x00]);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "float_to_from_bytes", since = "1.40.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_be_bytes(self) -> [u8; 4] {
        self.to_bits().to_be_bytes()
    }

    /// Return the memory representation of this floating point number as a byte array in
    /// little-endian byte order.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// let bytes = 12.5f32.to_le_bytes();
    /// assert_eq!(bytes, [0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x41]);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "float_to_from_bytes", since = "1.40.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_le_bytes(self) -> [u8; 4] {
        self.to_bits().to_le_bytes()
    }

    /// Return the memory representation of this floating point number as a byte array in
    /// native byte order.
    ///
    /// As the target platform's native endianness is used, portable code
    /// should use [`to_be_bytes`] or [`to_le_bytes`], as appropriate, instead.
    ///
    /// [`to_be_bytes`]: #method.to_be_bytes
    /// [`to_le_bytes`]: #method.to_le_bytes
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// let bytes = 12.5f32.to_ne_bytes();
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///     bytes,
    ///     if cfg!(target_endian = "big") {
    ///         [0x41, 0x48, 0x00, 0x00]
    ///     } else {
    ///         [0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x41]
    ///     }
    /// );
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "float_to_from_bytes", since = "1.40.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_ne_bytes(self) -> [u8; 4] {
        self.to_bits().to_ne_bytes()
    }

    /// Create a floating point value from its representation as a byte array in big endian.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// let value = f32::from_be_bytes([0x41, 0x48, 0x00, 0x00]);
    /// assert_eq!(value, 12.5);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "float_to_from_bytes", since = "1.40.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_be_bytes(bytes: [u8; 4]) -> Self {
        Self::from_bits(u32::from_be_bytes(bytes))
    }

    /// Create a floating point value from its representation as a byte array in little endian.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// let value = f32::from_le_bytes([0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x41]);
    /// assert_eq!(value, 12.5);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "float_to_from_bytes", since = "1.40.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_le_bytes(bytes: [u8; 4]) -> Self {
        Self::from_bits(u32::from_le_bytes(bytes))
    }

    /// Create a floating point value from its representation as a byte array in native endian.
    ///
    /// As the target platform's native endianness is used, portable code
    /// likely wants to use [`from_be_bytes`] or [`from_le_bytes`], as
    /// appropriate instead.
    ///
    /// [`from_be_bytes`]: #method.from_be_bytes
    /// [`from_le_bytes`]: #method.from_le_bytes
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// let value = f32::from_ne_bytes(if cfg!(target_endian = "big") {
    ///     [0x41, 0x48, 0x00, 0x00]
    /// } else {
    ///     [0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x41]
    /// });
    /// assert_eq!(value, 12.5);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "float_to_from_bytes", since = "1.40.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_ne_bytes(bytes: [u8; 4]) -> Self {
        Self::from_bits(u32::from_ne_bytes(bytes))
    }
}