quiche/src/recovery/pacer.rs

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//! Pacer provides the timestamp for the next packet to be sent based on the
//! current send_quantum, pacing rate and last updated time.
//!
//! It's a kind of leaky bucket algorithm (RFC9002, 7.7 Pacing) but it considers
//! max burst (send_quantum, in bytes) and provide the same timestamp for the
//! same sized packets (except last one) to be GSO friendly, assuming we send
//! packets using multiple sendmsg(), a sendmmsg(), or sendmsg() with GSO
//! without waiting for new I/O events.
//!
//! After sending a burst of packets, the next timestamp will be updated based
//! on the current pacing rate. It will make actual timestamp sent and recorded
//! timestamp (Sent.time_sent) as close as possible. If GSO is not used, it will
//! still try to provide close timestamp if the send burst is implemented.

use std::time::Duration;
use std::time::Instant;

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Pacer {
    // Bucket capacity (bytes).
    capacity: usize,

    // Bucket used (bytes).
    used: usize,

    // Sending pacing rate (bytes/sec).
    rate: u64,

    // Timestamp of last packet sent time update.
    last_update: Instant,

    // Timestamp of next packet to be sent.
    next_time: Instant,

    // Current MSS.
    max_datagram_size: usize,

    // Last packet size.
    last_packet_size: Option<usize>,

    // Interval to be added in next burst.
    iv: Duration,
}

impl Pacer {
    pub fn new(capacity: usize, rate: u64, max_datagram_size: usize) -> Self {
        // Resize capacity round down to MSS.
        let capacity = capacity / max_datagram_size * max_datagram_size;

        Pacer {
            capacity,

            used: 0,

            rate,

            last_update: Instant::now(),

            next_time: Instant::now(),

            max_datagram_size,

            last_packet_size: None,

            iv: Duration::ZERO,
        }
    }

    // Return the current pacing rate.
    pub fn rate(&self) -> u64 {
        self.rate
    }

    // Update bucket capacity or pacing_rate.
    pub fn update(&mut self, capacity: usize, rate: u64, now: Instant) {
        let capacity = capacity / self.max_datagram_size * self.max_datagram_size;

        if self.capacity != capacity {
            self.reset(now);
        }

        self.capacity = capacity;

        self.rate = rate;
    }

    // Reset pacer for next burst.
    pub fn reset(&mut self, now: Instant) {
        self.used = 0;

        self.last_update = now;

        self.next_time = self.next_time.max(now);

        self.last_packet_size = None;

        self.iv = Duration::ZERO;
    }

    // Update the timestamp to sent.
    pub fn send(&mut self, packet_size: usize, now: Instant) {
        if self.rate == 0 {
            self.reset(now);

            return;
        }

        if !self.iv.is_zero() {
            self.next_time = self.next_time.max(now) + self.iv;

            self.iv = Duration::ZERO;
        }

        let interval =
            Duration::from_secs_f64(self.capacity as f64 / self.rate as f64);

        let elapsed = now.saturating_duration_since(self.last_update);

        // if too old, reset it.
        if elapsed > interval {
            self.reset(now);
        }

        self.used += packet_size;

        let same_size = if let Some(last_packet_size) = self.last_packet_size {
            last_packet_size == packet_size
        } else {
            true
        };

        self.last_packet_size = Some(packet_size);

        if self.used >= self.capacity || !same_size {
            self.iv =
                Duration::from_secs_f64(self.used as f64 / self.rate as f64);

            self.used = 0;

            self.last_update = now;

            self.last_packet_size = None;
        };
    }

    // Returns the timestamp to send a next packet.
    pub fn next_time(&self) -> Instant {
        self.next_time
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn pacer_update() {
        let datagram_size = 1200;
        let max_burst = datagram_size * 10;
        let pacing_rate = 100_000;

        let mut p = Pacer::new(max_burst, pacing_rate, datagram_size);

        let now = Instant::now();

        // send 6000 (a half of max_burst) -> no timestamp change yet
        p.send(6000, now);

        // it may not be exactly same.
        assert!(now.duration_since(p.next_time()) < Duration::from_millis(1));

        // send 6000 bytes -> max_burst filled
        p.send(6000, now);

        assert!(now.duration_since(p.next_time()) < Duration::from_millis(1));

        // Start of a new burst.
        let now = now + Duration::from_millis(5);

        // send 1000 bytes and next_time is updated
        p.send(1000, now);

        let interval = max_burst as f64 / pacing_rate as f64;

        assert_eq!(p.next_time() - now, Duration::from_secs_f64(interval));
    }

    #[test]
    fn pacer_idle() {
        // same as pacer_update() but insert some idleness
        // between two transfer, causing resetting
        let datagram_size = 1200;
        let max_burst = datagram_size * 10;
        let pacing_rate = 100_000;

        let mut p = Pacer::new(max_burst, pacing_rate, datagram_size);

        let now = Instant::now();

        // send 6000 (a half of max_burst) -> no timestamp change yet
        p.send(6000, now);

        // it may not be exactly same.
        assert!(now.duration_since(p.next_time()) < Duration::from_millis(1));

        // sleep 200ms to reset the idle pacer (at least 120ms).
        let now = now + Duration::from_millis(200);

        // send 6000 bytes -> idle reset and a new burst started
        p.send(6000, now);

        assert_eq!(p.next_time(), now);
    }
}