diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index cdb5c6f..030faf0 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -1676,6 +1676,7 @@
 
 SD (Secure Card)
 M: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
+L: qemu-block@nongnu.org
 S: Odd Fixes
 F: include/hw/sd/sd*
 F: hw/sd/core.c
@@ -2683,6 +2684,13 @@
 F: hw/i386/intel_iommu_internal.h
 F: include/hw/i386/intel_iommu.h
 
+OpenSBI Firmware
+M: Bin Meng <bmeng.cn@gmail.com>
+S: Supported
+F: pc-bios/opensbi-*
+F: .gitlab-ci.d/opensbi.yml
+F: .gitlab-ci.d/opensbi/
+
 Usermode Emulation
 ------------------
 Overall usermode emulation
diff --git a/block.c b/block.c
index 3031413..35a372d 100644
--- a/block.c
+++ b/block.c
@@ -1206,7 +1206,8 @@
     }
 
     ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(parent, filename,
-                                   base->drv ? base->drv->format_name : "");
+                                   base->drv ? base->drv->format_name : "",
+                                   false);
     if (ret < 0) {
         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not update backing file link");
     }
@@ -4680,8 +4681,8 @@
  *            image file header
  * -ENOTSUP - format driver doesn't support changing the backing file
  */
-int bdrv_change_backing_file(BlockDriverState *bs,
-    const char *backing_file, const char *backing_fmt)
+int bdrv_change_backing_file(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *backing_file,
+                             const char *backing_fmt, bool warn)
 {
     BlockDriver *drv = bs->drv;
     int ret;
@@ -4695,6 +4696,12 @@
         return -EINVAL;
     }
 
+    if (warn && backing_file && !backing_fmt) {
+        warn_report("Deprecated use of backing file without explicit "
+                    "backing format, use of this image requires "
+                    "potentially unsafe format probing");
+    }
+
     if (drv->bdrv_change_backing_file != NULL) {
         ret = drv->bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, backing_file, backing_fmt);
     } else {
@@ -6128,18 +6135,30 @@
         bs = bdrv_open(full_backing, NULL, backing_options, back_flags,
                        &local_err);
         g_free(full_backing);
-        if (!bs && size != -1) {
-            /* Couldn't open BS, but we have a size, so it's nonfatal */
-            warn_reportf_err(local_err,
-                            "Could not verify backing image. "
-                            "This may become an error in future versions.\n");
-            local_err = NULL;
-        } else if (!bs) {
-            /* Couldn't open bs, do not have size */
-            error_append_hint(&local_err,
-                              "Could not open backing image to determine size.\n");
+        if (!bs) {
+            error_append_hint(&local_err, "Could not open backing image.\n");
             goto out;
         } else {
+            if (!backing_fmt) {
+                warn_report("Deprecated use of backing file without explicit "
+                            "backing format (detected format of %s)",
+                            bs->drv->format_name);
+                if (bs->drv != &bdrv_raw) {
+                    /*
+                     * A probe of raw deserves the most attention:
+                     * leaving the backing format out of the image
+                     * will ensure bs->probed is set (ensuring we
+                     * don't accidentally commit into the backing
+                     * file), and allow more spots to warn the users
+                     * to fix their toolchain when opening this image
+                     * later.  For other images, we can safely record
+                     * the format that we probed.
+                     */
+                    backing_fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
+                    qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, backing_fmt,
+                                 NULL);
+                }
+            }
             if (size == -1) {
                 /* Opened BS, have no size */
                 size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
@@ -6153,7 +6172,12 @@
             }
             bdrv_unref(bs);
         }
-    } /* (backing_file && !(flags & BDRV_O_NO_BACKING)) */
+        /* (backing_file && !(flags & BDRV_O_NO_BACKING)) */
+    } else if (backing_file && !backing_fmt) {
+        warn_report("Deprecated use of unopened backing file without "
+                    "explicit backing format, use of this image requires "
+                    "potentially unsafe format probing");
+    }
 
     if (size == -1) {
         error_setg(errp, "Image creation needs a size parameter");
@@ -6164,6 +6188,7 @@
         printf("Formatting '%s', fmt=%s ", filename, fmt);
         qemu_opts_print(opts, " ");
         puts("");
+        fflush(stdout);
     }
 
     ret = bdrv_create(drv, filename, opts, &local_err);
diff --git a/block/block-backend.c b/block/block-backend.c
index 6936b25..0bf0188 100644
--- a/block/block-backend.c
+++ b/block/block-backend.c
@@ -808,6 +808,7 @@
 {
     ThrottleGroupMember *tgm = &blk->public.throttle_group_member;
     BlockDriverState *bs;
+    BdrvChild *root;
 
     notifier_list_notify(&blk->remove_bs_notifiers, blk);
     if (tgm->throttle_state) {
@@ -825,8 +826,9 @@
      * to avoid that and a potential QEMU crash.
      */
     blk_drain(blk);
-    bdrv_root_unref_child(blk->root);
+    root = blk->root;
     blk->root = NULL;
+    bdrv_root_unref_child(root);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/block/file-posix.c b/block/file-posix.c
index 1989eae..8067e23 100644
--- a/block/file-posix.c
+++ b/block/file-posix.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "block/block_int.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "qemu/option.h"
+#include "qemu/units.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 #include "block/thread-pool.h"
 #include "qemu/iov.h"
@@ -2318,6 +2319,14 @@
     if (!file_opts->has_preallocation) {
         file_opts->preallocation = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
     }
+    if (!file_opts->has_extent_size_hint) {
+        file_opts->extent_size_hint = 1 * MiB;
+    }
+    if (file_opts->extent_size_hint > UINT32_MAX) {
+        result = -EINVAL;
+        error_setg(errp, "Extent size hint is too large");
+        goto out;
+    }
 
     /* Create file */
     fd = qemu_open(file_opts->filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_BINARY, 0644);
@@ -2375,6 +2384,27 @@
         }
 #endif
     }
+#ifdef FS_IOC_FSSETXATTR
+    /*
+     * Try to set the extent size hint. Failure is not fatal, and a warning is
+     * only printed if the option was explicitly specified.
+     */
+    {
+        struct fsxattr attr;
+        result = ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_FSGETXATTR, &attr);
+        if (result == 0) {
+            attr.fsx_xflags |= FS_XFLAG_EXTSIZE;
+            attr.fsx_extsize = file_opts->extent_size_hint;
+            result = ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_FSSETXATTR, &attr);
+        }
+        if (result < 0 && file_opts->has_extent_size_hint &&
+            file_opts->extent_size_hint)
+        {
+            warn_report("Failed to set extent size hint: %s",
+                        strerror(errno));
+        }
+    }
+#endif
 
     /* Resize and potentially preallocate the file to the desired
      * final size */
@@ -2410,6 +2440,8 @@
 {
     BlockdevCreateOptions options;
     int64_t total_size = 0;
+    int64_t extent_size_hint = 0;
+    bool has_extent_size_hint = false;
     bool nocow = false;
     PreallocMode prealloc;
     char *buf = NULL;
@@ -2421,6 +2453,11 @@
     /* Read out options */
     total_size = ROUND_UP(qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0),
                           BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
+    if (qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_EXTENT_SIZE_HINT)) {
+        has_extent_size_hint = true;
+        extent_size_hint =
+            qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_EXTENT_SIZE_HINT, -1);
+    }
     nocow = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_NOCOW, false);
     buf = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
     prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, buf,
@@ -2440,6 +2477,8 @@
             .preallocation      = prealloc,
             .has_nocow          = true,
             .nocow              = nocow,
+            .has_extent_size_hint = has_extent_size_hint,
+            .extent_size_hint   = extent_size_hint,
         },
     };
     return raw_co_create(&options, errp);
@@ -2930,6 +2969,11 @@
 #endif
                     ", full)"
         },
+        {
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_EXTENT_SIZE_HINT,
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
+            .help = "Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable"
+        },
         { /* end of list */ }
     }
 };
diff --git a/block/qcow.c b/block/qcow.c
index 1e134f3..e514a86 100644
--- a/block/qcow.c
+++ b/block/qcow.c
@@ -938,10 +938,11 @@
 {
     BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options = NULL;
     BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
-    QDict *qdict;
+    QDict *qdict = NULL;
     Visitor *v;
     const char *val;
     int ret;
+    char *backing_fmt;
 
     static const QDictRenames opt_renames[] = {
         { BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE,       "backing-file" },
@@ -949,6 +950,17 @@
         { NULL, NULL },
     };
 
+    /*
+     * We can't actually store a backing format, but can check that
+     * the user's request made sense.
+     */
+    backing_fmt = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT);
+    if (backing_fmt && !bdrv_find_format(backing_fmt)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "unrecognized backing format '%s'", backing_fmt);
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
     /* Parse options and convert legacy syntax */
     qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict_filtered(opts, NULL, &qcow_create_opts, true);
 
@@ -1012,6 +1024,7 @@
 
     ret = 0;
 fail:
+    g_free(backing_fmt);
     qobject_unref(qdict);
     bdrv_unref(bs);
     qapi_free_BlockdevCreateOptions(create_options);
@@ -1147,6 +1160,11 @@
             .help = "File name of a base image"
         },
         {
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT,
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+            .help = "Format of the backing image",
+        },
+        {
             .name = BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT,
             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
             .help = "Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated "
diff --git a/block/qcow2.c b/block/qcow2.c
index ea33673..fadf342 100644
--- a/block/qcow2.c
+++ b/block/qcow2.c
@@ -3627,7 +3627,7 @@
         }
 
         ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(blk_bs(blk), qcow2_opts->backing_file,
-                                       backing_format);
+                                       backing_format, false);
         if (ret < 0) {
             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not assign backing file '%s' "
                              "with format '%s'", qcow2_opts->backing_file,
@@ -5511,6 +5511,11 @@
     }
 
     if (backing_file || backing_format) {
+        if (g_strcmp0(backing_file, s->image_backing_file) ||
+            g_strcmp0(backing_format, s->image_backing_format)) {
+            warn_report("Deprecated use of amend to alter the backing file; "
+                        "use qemu-img rebase instead");
+        }
         ret = qcow2_change_backing_file(bs,
                     backing_file ?: s->image_backing_file,
                     backing_format ?: s->image_backing_format);
diff --git a/block/sheepdog.c b/block/sheepdog.c
index 6c487c8..cbbebc1 100644
--- a/block/sheepdog.c
+++ b/block/sheepdog.c
@@ -2151,13 +2151,21 @@
                                           Error **errp)
 {
     BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options = NULL;
-    QDict *qdict, *location_qdict;
+    QDict *qdict = NULL, *location_qdict;
     Visitor *v;
-    char *redundancy;
+    char *redundancy = NULL;
     Error *local_err = NULL;
     int ret;
+    char *backing_fmt = NULL;
 
     redundancy = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_REDUNDANCY);
+    backing_fmt = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT);
+
+    if (backing_fmt && strcmp(backing_fmt, "sheepdog") != 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, "backing_file must be a sheepdog image");
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto fail;
+    }
 
     qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
     qdict_put_str(qdict, "driver", "sheepdog");
@@ -2220,6 +2228,7 @@
     qapi_free_BlockdevCreateOptions(create_options);
     qobject_unref(qdict);
     g_free(redundancy);
+    g_free(backing_fmt);
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -3178,6 +3187,11 @@
             .help = "File name of a base image"
         },
         {
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT,
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+            .help = "Must be 'sheepdog' if present",
+        },
+        {
             .name = BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC,
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
             .help = "Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, full)"
diff --git a/block/stream.c b/block/stream.c
index aa2e7af..310ccba 100644
--- a/block/stream.c
+++ b/block/stream.c
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
             }
         }
         bdrv_set_backing_hd(bs, base, &local_err);
-        ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, base_id, base_fmt);
+        ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, base_id, base_fmt, false);
         if (local_err) {
             error_report_err(local_err);
             return -EPERM;
diff --git a/block/vmdk.c b/block/vmdk.c
index 28cec50..bf9df5c 100644
--- a/block/vmdk.c
+++ b/block/vmdk.c
@@ -2633,6 +2633,14 @@
     bool zeroed_grain;
     bool compat6;
     VMDKCreateOptsData data;
+    char *backing_fmt = NULL;
+
+    backing_fmt = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT);
+    if (backing_fmt && strcmp(backing_fmt, "vmdk") != 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, "backing_file must be a vmdk image");
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto exit;
+    }
 
     if (filename_decompose(filename, path, prefix, postfix, PATH_MAX, errp)) {
         ret = -EINVAL;
@@ -2691,6 +2699,7 @@
                             vmdk_co_create_opts_cb, &data, errp);
 
 exit:
+    g_free(backing_fmt);
     g_free(adapter_type);
     g_free(backing_file);
     g_free(hw_version);
@@ -3027,6 +3036,11 @@
             .help = "File name of a base image"
         },
         {
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT,
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+            .help = "Must be 'vmdk' if present",
+        },
+        {
             .name = BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6,
             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
             .help = "VMDK version 6 image",
diff --git a/blockdev.c b/blockdev.c
index 59b0b8f..3848a9c 100644
--- a/blockdev.c
+++ b/blockdev.c
@@ -3416,7 +3416,8 @@
     }
 
     ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(image_bs, backing_file,
-                               image_bs->drv ? image_bs->drv->format_name : "");
+                                   image_bs->drv ? image_bs->drv->format_name : "",
+                                   false);
 
     if (ret < 0) {
         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not change backing file to '%s'",
diff --git a/docs/system/arm/orangepi.rst b/docs/system/arm/orangepi.rst
index c41adad..6f23907 100644
--- a/docs/system/arm/orangepi.rst
+++ b/docs/system/arm/orangepi.rst
@@ -127,6 +127,16 @@
 Alternatively, you can also choose to build you own image with buildroot
 using the orangepi_pc_defconfig. Also see https://buildroot.org for more information.
 
+When using an image as an SD card, it must be resized to a power of two. This can be
+done with the qemu-img command. It is recommended to only increase the image size
+instead of shrinking it to a power of two, to avoid loss of data. For example,
+to prepare a downloaded Armbian image, first extract it and then increase
+its size to one gigabyte as follows:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+  $ qemu-img resize Armbian_19.11.3_Orangepipc_bionic_current_5.3.9.img 1G
+
 You can choose to attach the selected image either as an SD card or as USB mass storage.
 For example, to boot using the Orange Pi PC Debian image on SD card, simply add the -sd
 argument and provide the proper root= kernel parameter:
@@ -213,12 +223,12 @@
   $ dd if=/path/to/u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=armv7.img bs=1024 seek=8 conv=notrunc
 
 Finally, before starting the machine the SD image must be extended such
-that the NetBSD kernel will not conclude the NetBSD partition is larger than
-the emulated SD card:
+that the size of the SD image is a power of two and that the NetBSD kernel
+will not conclude the NetBSD partition is larger than the emulated SD card:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-  $ dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=64 >> armv7.img
+  $ qemu-img resize armv7.img 2G
 
 Start the machine using the following command:
 
diff --git a/docs/system/deprecated.rst b/docs/system/deprecated.rst
index 58a9aeb..971b65b 100644
--- a/docs/system/deprecated.rst
+++ b/docs/system/deprecated.rst
@@ -427,13 +427,37 @@
 Related binaries
 ----------------
 
-``qemu-img convert -n -o`` (since 4.2.0)
-''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+qemu-img amend to adjust backing file (since 5.1)
+'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
 
-All options specified in ``-o`` are image creation options, so
-they have no effect when used with ``-n`` to skip image creation.
-Silently ignored options can be confusing, so this combination of
-options will be made an error in future versions.
+The use of ``qemu-img amend`` to modify the name or format of a qcow2
+backing image is deprecated; this functionality was never fully
+documented or tested, and interferes with other amend operations that
+need access to the original backing image (such as deciding whether a
+v3 zero cluster may be left unallocated when converting to a v2
+image).  Rather, any changes to the backing chain should be performed
+with ``qemu-img rebase -u`` either before or after the remaining
+changes being performed by amend, as appropriate.
+
+qemu-img backing file without format (since 5.1)
+''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+
+The use of ``qemu-img create``, ``qemu-img rebase``, or ``qemu-img
+convert`` to create or modify an image that depends on a backing file
+now recommends that an explicit backing format be provided.  This is
+for safety: if QEMU probes a different format than what you thought,
+the data presented to the guest will be corrupt; similarly, presenting
+a raw image to a guest allows a potential security exploit if a future
+probe sees a non-raw image based on guest writes.
+
+To avoid the warning message, or even future refusal to create an
+unsafe image, you must pass ``-o backing_fmt=`` (or the shorthand
+``-F`` during create) to specify the intended backing format.  You may
+use ``qemu-img rebase -u`` to retroactively add a backing format to an
+existing image.  However, be aware that there are already potential
+security risks to blindly using ``qemu-img info`` to probe the format
+of an untrusted backing image, when deciding what format to add into
+an existing image.
 
 Backwards compatibility
 -----------------------
@@ -540,8 +564,8 @@
 Related binaries
 ----------------
 
-``qemu-nbd --partition`` (removed in 5.0.0)
-'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+``qemu-nbd --partition`` (removed in 5.0)
+'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
 
 The ``qemu-nbd --partition $digit`` code (also spelled ``-P``)
 could only handle MBR partitions, and never correctly handled logical
@@ -557,6 +581,24 @@
 
   qemu-nbd -t --image-opts driver=raw,offset=1M,size=100M,file.driver=qcow2,file.file.driver=file,file.file.filename=file.qcow2
 
+``qemu-img convert -n -o`` (removed in 5.1)
+'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+
+All options specified in ``-o`` are image creation options, so
+they are now rejected when used with ``-n`` to skip image creation.
+
+
+``qemu-img create -b bad file $size`` (removed in 5.1)
+''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+
+When creating an image with a backing file that could not be opened,
+``qemu-img create`` used to issue a warning about the failure but
+proceed with the image creation if an explicit size was provided.
+However, as the ``-u`` option exists for this purpose, it is safer to
+enforce that any failure to open the backing image (including if the
+backing file is missing or an incorrect format was specified) is an
+error when ``-u`` is not used.
+
 Command line options
 --------------------
 
diff --git a/docs/tools/qemu-img.rst b/docs/tools/qemu-img.rst
index e33f557..c35bd64 100644
--- a/docs/tools/qemu-img.rst
+++ b/docs/tools/qemu-img.rst
@@ -258,6 +258,10 @@
   Amends the image format specific *OPTIONS* for the image file
   *FILENAME*. Not all file formats support this operation.
 
+  The set of options that can be amended are dependent on the image
+  format, but note that amending the backing chain relationship should
+  instead be performed with ``qemu-img rebase``.
+
   --force allows some unsafe operations. Currently for -f luks, it allows to
   erase the last encryption key, and to overwrite an active encryption key.
 
diff --git a/hw/char/ibex_uart.c b/hw/char/ibex_uart.c
index 45cd724..cc49a35 100644
--- a/hw/char/ibex_uart.c
+++ b/hw/char/ibex_uart.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "hw/char/ibex_uart.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
+#include "hw/qdev-clock.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
 #include "qemu/log.h"
@@ -35,25 +36,25 @@
 
 static void ibex_uart_update_irqs(IbexUartState *s)
 {
-    if (s->uart_intr_state & s->uart_intr_enable & INTR_STATE_TX_WATERMARK) {
+    if (s->uart_intr_state & s->uart_intr_enable & R_INTR_STATE_TX_WATERMARK_MASK) {
         qemu_set_irq(s->tx_watermark, 1);
     } else {
         qemu_set_irq(s->tx_watermark, 0);
     }
 
-    if (s->uart_intr_state & s->uart_intr_enable & INTR_STATE_RX_WATERMARK) {
+    if (s->uart_intr_state & s->uart_intr_enable & R_INTR_STATE_RX_WATERMARK_MASK) {
         qemu_set_irq(s->rx_watermark, 1);
     } else {
         qemu_set_irq(s->rx_watermark, 0);
     }
 
-    if (s->uart_intr_state & s->uart_intr_enable & INTR_STATE_TX_EMPTY) {
+    if (s->uart_intr_state & s->uart_intr_enable & R_INTR_STATE_TX_EMPTY_MASK) {
         qemu_set_irq(s->tx_empty, 1);
     } else {
         qemu_set_irq(s->tx_empty, 0);
     }
 
-    if (s->uart_intr_state & s->uart_intr_enable & INTR_STATE_RX_OVERFLOW) {
+    if (s->uart_intr_state & s->uart_intr_enable & R_INTR_STATE_RX_OVERFLOW_MASK) {
         qemu_set_irq(s->rx_overflow, 1);
     } else {
         qemu_set_irq(s->rx_overflow, 0);
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@
 {
     IbexUartState *s = opaque;
 
-    if (s->uart_ctrl & UART_CTRL_RX_ENABLE) {
+    if (s->uart_ctrl & R_CTRL_RX_ENABLE_MASK) {
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -74,16 +75,16 @@
 static void ibex_uart_receive(void *opaque, const uint8_t *buf, int size)
 {
     IbexUartState *s = opaque;
-    uint8_t rx_fifo_level = (s->uart_fifo_ctrl & FIFO_CTRL_RXILVL)
-                            >> FIFO_CTRL_RXILVL_SHIFT;
+    uint8_t rx_fifo_level = (s->uart_fifo_ctrl & R_FIFO_CTRL_RXILVL_MASK)
+                            >> R_FIFO_CTRL_RXILVL_SHIFT;
 
     s->uart_rdata = *buf;
 
-    s->uart_status &= ~UART_STATUS_RXIDLE;
-    s->uart_status &= ~UART_STATUS_RXEMPTY;
+    s->uart_status &= ~R_STATUS_RXIDLE_MASK;
+    s->uart_status &= ~R_STATUS_RXEMPTY_MASK;
 
     if (size > rx_fifo_level) {
-        s->uart_intr_state |= INTR_STATE_RX_WATERMARK;
+        s->uart_intr_state |= R_INTR_STATE_RX_WATERMARK_MASK;
     }
 
     ibex_uart_update_irqs(s);
@@ -93,8 +94,8 @@
                                void *opaque)
 {
     IbexUartState *s = opaque;
-    uint8_t tx_fifo_level = (s->uart_fifo_ctrl & FIFO_CTRL_TXILVL)
-                            >> FIFO_CTRL_TXILVL_SHIFT;
+    uint8_t tx_fifo_level = (s->uart_fifo_ctrl & R_FIFO_CTRL_TXILVL_MASK)
+                            >> R_FIFO_CTRL_TXILVL_SHIFT;
     int ret;
 
     /* instant drain the fifo when there's no back-end */
@@ -104,10 +105,10 @@
     }
 
     if (!s->tx_level) {
-        s->uart_status &= ~UART_STATUS_TXFULL;
-        s->uart_status |= UART_STATUS_TXEMPTY;
-        s->uart_intr_state |= INTR_STATE_TX_EMPTY;
-        s->uart_intr_state &= ~INTR_STATE_TX_WATERMARK;
+        s->uart_status &= ~R_STATUS_TXFULL_MASK;
+        s->uart_status |= R_STATUS_TXEMPTY_MASK;
+        s->uart_intr_state |= R_INTR_STATE_TX_EMPTY_MASK;
+        s->uart_intr_state &= ~R_INTR_STATE_TX_WATERMARK_MASK;
         ibex_uart_update_irqs(s);
         return FALSE;
     }
@@ -130,18 +131,18 @@
 
     /* Clear the TX Full bit */
     if (s->tx_level != IBEX_UART_TX_FIFO_SIZE) {
-        s->uart_status &= ~UART_STATUS_TXFULL;
+        s->uart_status &= ~R_STATUS_TXFULL_MASK;
     }
 
     /* Disable the TX_WATERMARK IRQ */
     if (s->tx_level < tx_fifo_level) {
-        s->uart_intr_state &= ~INTR_STATE_TX_WATERMARK;
+        s->uart_intr_state &= ~R_INTR_STATE_TX_WATERMARK_MASK;
     }
 
     /* Set TX empty */
     if (s->tx_level == 0) {
-        s->uart_status |= UART_STATUS_TXEMPTY;
-        s->uart_intr_state |= INTR_STATE_TX_EMPTY;
+        s->uart_status |= R_STATUS_TXEMPTY_MASK;
+        s->uart_intr_state |= R_INTR_STATE_TX_EMPTY_MASK;
     }
 
     ibex_uart_update_irqs(s);
@@ -152,8 +153,8 @@
                                int size)
 {
     uint64_t current_time = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
-    uint8_t tx_fifo_level = (s->uart_fifo_ctrl & FIFO_CTRL_TXILVL)
-                            >> FIFO_CTRL_TXILVL_SHIFT;
+    uint8_t tx_fifo_level = (s->uart_fifo_ctrl & R_FIFO_CTRL_TXILVL_MASK)
+                            >> R_FIFO_CTRL_TXILVL_SHIFT;
 
     if (size > IBEX_UART_TX_FIFO_SIZE - s->tx_level) {
         size = IBEX_UART_TX_FIFO_SIZE - s->tx_level;
@@ -164,16 +165,16 @@
     s->tx_level += size;
 
     if (s->tx_level > 0) {
-        s->uart_status &= ~UART_STATUS_TXEMPTY;
+        s->uart_status &= ~R_STATUS_TXEMPTY_MASK;
     }
 
     if (s->tx_level >= tx_fifo_level) {
-        s->uart_intr_state |= INTR_STATE_TX_WATERMARK;
+        s->uart_intr_state |= R_INTR_STATE_TX_WATERMARK_MASK;
         ibex_uart_update_irqs(s);
     }
 
     if (s->tx_level == IBEX_UART_TX_FIFO_SIZE) {
-        s->uart_status |= UART_STATUS_TXFULL;
+        s->uart_status |= R_STATUS_TXFULL_MASK;
     }
 
     timer_mod(s->fifo_trigger_handle, current_time +
@@ -203,49 +204,60 @@
     ibex_uart_update_irqs(s);
 }
 
+static uint64_t ibex_uart_get_baud(IbexUartState *s)
+{
+    uint64_t baud;
+
+    baud = ((s->uart_ctrl & R_CTRL_NCO_MASK) >> 16);
+    baud *= clock_get_hz(s->f_clk);
+    baud >>= 20;
+
+    return baud;
+}
+
 static uint64_t ibex_uart_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                        unsigned int size)
 {
     IbexUartState *s = opaque;
     uint64_t retvalue = 0;
 
-    switch (addr) {
-    case IBEX_UART_INTR_STATE:
+    switch (addr >> 2) {
+    case R_INTR_STATE:
         retvalue = s->uart_intr_state;
         break;
-    case IBEX_UART_INTR_ENABLE:
+    case R_INTR_ENABLE:
         retvalue = s->uart_intr_enable;
         break;
-    case IBEX_UART_INTR_TEST:
+    case R_INTR_TEST:
         qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                       "%s: wdata is write only\n", __func__);
         break;
 
-    case IBEX_UART_CTRL:
+    case R_CTRL:
         retvalue = s->uart_ctrl;
         break;
-    case IBEX_UART_STATUS:
+    case R_STATUS:
         retvalue = s->uart_status;
         break;
 
-    case IBEX_UART_RDATA:
+    case R_RDATA:
         retvalue = s->uart_rdata;
-        if (s->uart_ctrl & UART_CTRL_RX_ENABLE) {
+        if (s->uart_ctrl & R_CTRL_RX_ENABLE_MASK) {
             qemu_chr_fe_accept_input(&s->chr);
 
-            s->uart_status |= UART_STATUS_RXIDLE;
-            s->uart_status |= UART_STATUS_RXEMPTY;
+            s->uart_status |= R_STATUS_RXIDLE_MASK;
+            s->uart_status |= R_STATUS_RXEMPTY_MASK;
         }
         break;
-    case IBEX_UART_WDATA:
+    case R_WDATA:
         qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                       "%s: wdata is write only\n", __func__);
         break;
 
-    case IBEX_UART_FIFO_CTRL:
+    case R_FIFO_CTRL:
         retvalue = s->uart_fifo_ctrl;
         break;
-    case IBEX_UART_FIFO_STATUS:
+    case R_FIFO_STATUS:
         retvalue = s->uart_fifo_status;
 
         retvalue |= s->tx_level & 0x1F;
@@ -254,17 +266,17 @@
                       "%s: RX fifos are not supported\n", __func__);
         break;
 
-    case IBEX_UART_OVRD:
+    case R_OVRD:
         retvalue = s->uart_ovrd;
         qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                       "%s: ovrd is not supported\n", __func__);
         break;
-    case IBEX_UART_VAL:
+    case R_VAL:
         retvalue = s->uart_val;
         qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                       "%s: val is not supported\n", __func__);
         break;
-    case IBEX_UART_TIMEOUT_CTRL:
+    case R_TIMEOUT_CTRL:
         retvalue = s->uart_timeout_ctrl;
         qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                       "%s: timeout_ctrl is not supported\n", __func__);
@@ -284,97 +296,95 @@
     IbexUartState *s = opaque;
     uint32_t value = val64;
 
-    switch (addr) {
-    case IBEX_UART_INTR_STATE:
+    switch (addr >> 2) {
+    case R_INTR_STATE:
         /* Write 1 clear */
         s->uart_intr_state &= ~value;
         ibex_uart_update_irqs(s);
         break;
-    case IBEX_UART_INTR_ENABLE:
+    case R_INTR_ENABLE:
         s->uart_intr_enable = value;
         ibex_uart_update_irqs(s);
         break;
-    case IBEX_UART_INTR_TEST:
+    case R_INTR_TEST:
         s->uart_intr_state |= value;
         ibex_uart_update_irqs(s);
         break;
 
-    case IBEX_UART_CTRL:
+    case R_CTRL:
         s->uart_ctrl = value;
 
-        if (value & UART_CTRL_NF) {
+        if (value & R_CTRL_NF_MASK) {
             qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                           "%s: UART_CTRL_NF is not supported\n", __func__);
         }
-        if (value & UART_CTRL_SLPBK) {
+        if (value & R_CTRL_SLPBK_MASK) {
             qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                           "%s: UART_CTRL_SLPBK is not supported\n", __func__);
         }
-        if (value & UART_CTRL_LLPBK) {
+        if (value & R_CTRL_LLPBK_MASK) {
             qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                           "%s: UART_CTRL_LLPBK is not supported\n", __func__);
         }
-        if (value & UART_CTRL_PARITY_EN) {
+        if (value & R_CTRL_PARITY_EN_MASK) {
             qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                           "%s: UART_CTRL_PARITY_EN is not supported\n",
                           __func__);
         }
-        if (value & UART_CTRL_PARITY_ODD) {
+        if (value & R_CTRL_PARITY_ODD_MASK) {
             qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                           "%s: UART_CTRL_PARITY_ODD is not supported\n",
                           __func__);
         }
-        if (value & UART_CTRL_RXBLVL) {
+        if (value & R_CTRL_RXBLVL_MASK) {
             qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                           "%s: UART_CTRL_RXBLVL is not supported\n", __func__);
         }
-        if (value & UART_CTRL_NCO) {
-            uint64_t baud = ((value & UART_CTRL_NCO) >> 16);
-            baud *= 1000;
-            baud >>= 20;
+        if (value & R_CTRL_NCO_MASK) {
+            uint64_t baud = ibex_uart_get_baud(s);
 
             s->char_tx_time = (NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND / baud) * 10;
         }
         break;
-    case IBEX_UART_STATUS:
+    case R_STATUS:
         qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                       "%s: status is read only\n", __func__);
         break;
 
-    case IBEX_UART_RDATA:
+    case R_RDATA:
         qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                       "%s: rdata is read only\n", __func__);
         break;
-    case IBEX_UART_WDATA:
+    case R_WDATA:
         uart_write_tx_fifo(s, (uint8_t *) &value, 1);
         break;
 
-    case IBEX_UART_FIFO_CTRL:
+    case R_FIFO_CTRL:
         s->uart_fifo_ctrl = value;
 
-        if (value & FIFO_CTRL_RXRST) {
+        if (value & R_FIFO_CTRL_RXRST_MASK) {
             qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                           "%s: RX fifos are not supported\n", __func__);
         }
-        if (value & FIFO_CTRL_TXRST) {
+        if (value & R_FIFO_CTRL_TXRST_MASK) {
             s->tx_level = 0;
         }
         break;
-    case IBEX_UART_FIFO_STATUS:
+    case R_FIFO_STATUS:
         qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                       "%s: fifo_status is read only\n", __func__);
         break;
 
-    case IBEX_UART_OVRD:
+    case R_OVRD:
         s->uart_ovrd = value;
         qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                       "%s: ovrd is not supported\n", __func__);
         break;
-    case IBEX_UART_VAL:
+    case R_VAL:
         qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                       "%s: val is read only\n", __func__);
         break;
-    case IBEX_UART_TIMEOUT_CTRL:
+    case R_TIMEOUT_CTRL:
         s->uart_timeout_ctrl = value;
         qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                       "%s: timeout_ctrl is not supported\n", __func__);
@@ -385,11 +395,21 @@
     }
 }
 
+static void ibex_uart_clk_update(void *opaque)
+{
+    IbexUartState *s = opaque;
+
+    /* recompute uart's speed on clock change */
+    uint64_t baud = ibex_uart_get_baud(s);
+
+    s->char_tx_time = (NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND / baud) * 10;
+}
+
 static void fifo_trigger_update(void *opaque)
 {
     IbexUartState *s = opaque;
 
-    if (s->uart_ctrl & UART_CTRL_TX_ENABLE) {
+    if (s->uart_ctrl & R_CTRL_TX_ENABLE_MASK) {
         ibex_uart_xmit(NULL, G_IO_OUT, s);
     }
 }
@@ -444,6 +464,10 @@
 {
     IbexUartState *s = IBEX_UART(obj);
 
+    s->f_clk = qdev_init_clock_in(DEVICE(obj), "f_clock",
+                                  ibex_uart_clk_update, s);
+    clock_set_hz(s->f_clk, IBEX_UART_CLOCK);
+
     sysbus_init_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj), &s->tx_watermark);
     sysbus_init_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj), &s->rx_watermark);
     sysbus_init_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj), &s->tx_empty);
diff --git a/hw/riscv/boot.c b/hw/riscv/boot.c
index adb421b..4c6c101 100644
--- a/hw/riscv/boot.c
+++ b/hw/riscv/boot.c
@@ -25,13 +25,19 @@
 #include "hw/boards.h"
 #include "hw/loader.h"
 #include "hw/riscv/boot.h"
+#include "hw/riscv/boot_opensbi.h"
 #include "elf.h"
+#include "sysemu/device_tree.h"
 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
 
+#include <libfdt.h>
+
 #if defined(TARGET_RISCV32)
 # define KERNEL_BOOT_ADDRESS 0x80400000
+#define fw_dynamic_info_data(__val)     cpu_to_le32(__val)
 #else
 # define KERNEL_BOOT_ADDRESS 0x80200000
+#define fw_dynamic_info_data(__val)     cpu_to_le64(__val)
 #endif
 
 void riscv_find_and_load_firmware(MachineState *machine,
@@ -155,3 +161,104 @@
 
     return *start + size;
 }
+
+uint32_t riscv_load_fdt(hwaddr dram_base, uint64_t mem_size, void *fdt)
+{
+    uint32_t temp, fdt_addr;
+    hwaddr dram_end = dram_base + mem_size;
+    int fdtsize = fdt_totalsize(fdt);
+
+    if (fdtsize <= 0) {
+        error_report("invalid device-tree");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * We should put fdt as far as possible to avoid kernel/initrd overwriting
+     * its content. But it should be addressable by 32 bit system as well.
+     * Thus, put it at an aligned address that less than fdt size from end of
+     * dram or 4GB whichever is lesser.
+     */
+    temp = MIN(dram_end, 4096 * MiB);
+    fdt_addr = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(temp - fdtsize, 2 * MiB);
+
+    fdt_pack(fdt);
+    /* copy in the device tree */
+    qemu_fdt_dumpdtb(fdt, fdtsize);
+
+    rom_add_blob_fixed_as("fdt", fdt, fdtsize, fdt_addr,
+                          &address_space_memory);
+
+    return fdt_addr;
+}
+
+void riscv_rom_copy_firmware_info(hwaddr rom_base, hwaddr rom_size,
+                              uint32_t reset_vec_size, uint64_t kernel_entry)
+{
+    struct fw_dynamic_info dinfo;
+    size_t dinfo_len;
+
+    dinfo.magic = fw_dynamic_info_data(FW_DYNAMIC_INFO_MAGIC_VALUE);
+    dinfo.version = fw_dynamic_info_data(FW_DYNAMIC_INFO_VERSION);
+    dinfo.next_mode = fw_dynamic_info_data(FW_DYNAMIC_INFO_NEXT_MODE_S);
+    dinfo.next_addr = fw_dynamic_info_data(kernel_entry);
+    dinfo.options = 0;
+    dinfo.boot_hart = 0;
+    dinfo_len = sizeof(dinfo);
+
+    /**
+     * copy the dynamic firmware info. This information is specific to
+     * OpenSBI but doesn't break any other firmware as long as they don't
+     * expect any certain value in "a2" register.
+     */
+    if (dinfo_len > (rom_size - reset_vec_size)) {
+        error_report("not enough space to store dynamic firmware info");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    rom_add_blob_fixed_as("mrom.finfo", &dinfo, dinfo_len,
+                           rom_base + reset_vec_size,
+                           &address_space_memory);
+}
+
+void riscv_setup_rom_reset_vec(hwaddr start_addr, hwaddr rom_base,
+                               hwaddr rom_size, uint64_t kernel_entry,
+                               uint32_t fdt_load_addr, void *fdt)
+{
+    int i;
+    uint32_t start_addr_hi32 = 0x00000000;
+
+    #if defined(TARGET_RISCV64)
+    start_addr_hi32 = start_addr >> 32;
+    #endif
+    /* reset vector */
+    uint32_t reset_vec[10] = {
+        0x00000297,                  /* 1:  auipc  t0, %pcrel_hi(fw_dyn) */
+        0x02828613,                  /*     addi   a2, t0, %pcrel_lo(1b) */
+        0xf1402573,                  /*     csrr   a0, mhartid  */
+#if defined(TARGET_RISCV32)
+        0x0202a583,                  /*     lw     a1, 32(t0) */
+        0x0182a283,                  /*     lw     t0, 24(t0) */
+#elif defined(TARGET_RISCV64)
+        0x0202b583,                  /*     ld     a1, 32(t0) */
+        0x0182b283,                  /*     ld     t0, 24(t0) */
+#endif
+        0x00028067,                  /*     jr     t0 */
+        start_addr,                  /* start: .dword */
+        start_addr_hi32,
+        fdt_load_addr,               /* fdt_laddr: .dword */
+        0x00000000,
+                                     /* fw_dyn: */
+    };
+
+    /* copy in the reset vector in little_endian byte order */
+    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(reset_vec); i++) {
+        reset_vec[i] = cpu_to_le32(reset_vec[i]);
+    }
+    rom_add_blob_fixed_as("mrom.reset", reset_vec, sizeof(reset_vec),
+                          rom_base, &address_space_memory);
+    riscv_rom_copy_firmware_info(rom_base, rom_size, sizeof(reset_vec),
+                                 kernel_entry);
+
+    return;
+}
diff --git a/hw/riscv/sifive_u.c b/hw/riscv/sifive_u.c
index 7851326..19a976c 100644
--- a/hw/riscv/sifive_u.c
+++ b/hw/riscv/sifive_u.c
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@
 #include "sysemu/device_tree.h"
 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
-#include "exec/address-spaces.h"
 
 #include <libfdt.h>
 
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@
     hwaddr size;
 } sifive_u_memmap[] = {
     [SIFIVE_U_DEBUG] =    {        0x0,      0x100 },
-    [SIFIVE_U_MROM] =     {     0x1000,    0x11000 },
+    [SIFIVE_U_MROM] =     {     0x1000,     0xf000 },
     [SIFIVE_U_CLINT] =    {  0x2000000,    0x10000 },
     [SIFIVE_U_L2LIM] =    {  0x8000000,  0x2000000 },
     [SIFIVE_U_PLIC] =     {  0xc000000,  0x4000000 },
@@ -379,7 +378,10 @@
     MemoryRegion *main_mem = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
     MemoryRegion *flash0 = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
     target_ulong start_addr = memmap[SIFIVE_U_DRAM].base;
+    uint32_t start_addr_hi32 = 0x00000000;
     int i;
+    uint32_t fdt_load_addr;
+    uint64_t kernel_entry;
 
     /* Initialize SoC */
     object_initialize_child(OBJECT(machine), "soc", &s->soc, TYPE_RISCV_U_SOC);
@@ -436,8 +438,7 @@
     riscv_find_and_load_firmware(machine, BIOS_FILENAME, start_addr, NULL);
 
     if (machine->kernel_filename) {
-        uint64_t kernel_entry = riscv_load_kernel(machine->kernel_filename,
-                                                  NULL);
+        kernel_entry = riscv_load_kernel(machine->kernel_filename, NULL);
 
         if (machine->initrd_filename) {
             hwaddr start;
@@ -449,42 +450,52 @@
             qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(s->fdt, "/chosen", "linux,initrd-end",
                                   end);
         }
+    } else {
+       /*
+        * If dynamic firmware is used, it doesn't know where is the next mode
+        * if kernel argument is not set.
+        */
+        kernel_entry = 0;
     }
 
+    /* Compute the fdt load address in dram */
+    fdt_load_addr = riscv_load_fdt(memmap[SIFIVE_U_DRAM].base,
+                                   machine->ram_size, s->fdt);
+    #if defined(TARGET_RISCV64)
+    start_addr_hi32 = start_addr >> 32;
+    #endif
+
     /* reset vector */
-    uint32_t reset_vec[8] = {
+    uint32_t reset_vec[11] = {
         s->msel,                       /* MSEL pin state */
-        0x00000297,                    /* 1:  auipc  t0, %pcrel_hi(dtb) */
-        0x01c28593,                    /*     addi   a1, t0, %pcrel_lo(1b) */
+        0x00000297,                    /* 1:  auipc  t0, %pcrel_hi(fw_dyn) */
+        0x02828613,                    /*     addi   a2, t0, %pcrel_lo(1b) */
         0xf1402573,                    /*     csrr   a0, mhartid  */
 #if defined(TARGET_RISCV32)
+        0x0202a583,                    /*     lw     a1, 32(t0) */
         0x0182a283,                    /*     lw     t0, 24(t0) */
 #elif defined(TARGET_RISCV64)
-        0x0182e283,                    /*     lwu    t0, 24(t0) */
+        0x0202b583,                    /*     ld     a1, 32(t0) */
+        0x0182b283,                    /*     ld     t0, 24(t0) */
 #endif
         0x00028067,                    /*     jr     t0 */
-        0x00000000,
         start_addr,                    /* start: .dword */
-                                       /* dtb: */
+        start_addr_hi32,
+        fdt_load_addr,                 /* fdt_laddr: .dword */
+        0x00000000,
+                                       /* fw_dyn: */
     };
 
     /* copy in the reset vector in little_endian byte order */
-    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(reset_vec) >> 2; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(reset_vec); i++) {
         reset_vec[i] = cpu_to_le32(reset_vec[i]);
     }
     rom_add_blob_fixed_as("mrom.reset", reset_vec, sizeof(reset_vec),
                           memmap[SIFIVE_U_MROM].base, &address_space_memory);
 
-    /* copy in the device tree */
-    if (fdt_pack(s->fdt) || fdt_totalsize(s->fdt) >
-            memmap[SIFIVE_U_MROM].size - sizeof(reset_vec)) {
-        error_report("not enough space to store device-tree");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    qemu_fdt_dumpdtb(s->fdt, fdt_totalsize(s->fdt));
-    rom_add_blob_fixed_as("mrom.fdt", s->fdt, fdt_totalsize(s->fdt),
-                          memmap[SIFIVE_U_MROM].base + sizeof(reset_vec),
-                          &address_space_memory);
+    riscv_rom_copy_firmware_info(memmap[SIFIVE_U_MROM].base,
+                                 memmap[SIFIVE_U_MROM].size,
+                                 sizeof(reset_vec), kernel_entry);
 }
 
 static bool sifive_u_machine_get_start_in_flash(Object *obj, Error **errp)
diff --git a/hw/riscv/spike.c b/hw/riscv/spike.c
index c107bf3..7b23a29 100644
--- a/hw/riscv/spike.c
+++ b/hw/riscv/spike.c
@@ -41,9 +41,6 @@
 #include "sysemu/device_tree.h"
 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
-#include "exec/address-spaces.h"
-
-#include <libfdt.h>
 
 #if defined(TARGET_RISCV32)
 # define BIOS_FILENAME "opensbi-riscv32-spike-fw_jump.elf"
@@ -55,7 +52,7 @@
     hwaddr base;
     hwaddr size;
 } spike_memmap[] = {
-    [SPIKE_MROM] =     {     0x1000,    0x11000 },
+    [SPIKE_MROM] =     {     0x1000,     0xf000 },
     [SPIKE_CLINT] =    {  0x2000000,    0x10000 },
     [SPIKE_DRAM] =     { 0x80000000,        0x0 },
 };
@@ -165,8 +162,9 @@
     MemoryRegion *system_memory = get_system_memory();
     MemoryRegion *main_mem = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
     MemoryRegion *mask_rom = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
-    int i;
     unsigned int smp_cpus = machine->smp.cpus;
+    uint32_t fdt_load_addr;
+    uint64_t kernel_entry;
 
     /* Initialize SOC */
     object_initialize_child(OBJECT(machine), "soc", &s->soc,
@@ -197,8 +195,8 @@
                                  htif_symbol_callback);
 
     if (machine->kernel_filename) {
-        uint64_t kernel_entry = riscv_load_kernel(machine->kernel_filename,
-                                                  htif_symbol_callback);
+        kernel_entry = riscv_load_kernel(machine->kernel_filename,
+                                         htif_symbol_callback);
 
         if (machine->initrd_filename) {
             hwaddr start;
@@ -210,42 +208,21 @@
             qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(s->fdt, "/chosen", "linux,initrd-end",
                                   end);
         }
+    } else {
+       /*
+        * If dynamic firmware is used, it doesn't know where is the next mode
+        * if kernel argument is not set.
+        */
+        kernel_entry = 0;
     }
 
-    /* reset vector */
-    uint32_t reset_vec[8] = {
-        0x00000297,                  /* 1:  auipc  t0, %pcrel_hi(dtb) */
-        0x02028593,                  /*     addi   a1, t0, %pcrel_lo(1b) */
-        0xf1402573,                  /*     csrr   a0, mhartid  */
-#if defined(TARGET_RISCV32)
-        0x0182a283,                  /*     lw     t0, 24(t0) */
-#elif defined(TARGET_RISCV64)
-        0x0182b283,                  /*     ld     t0, 24(t0) */
-#endif
-        0x00028067,                  /*     jr     t0 */
-        0x00000000,
-        memmap[SPIKE_DRAM].base,     /* start: .dword DRAM_BASE */
-        0x00000000,
-                                     /* dtb: */
-    };
-
-    /* copy in the reset vector in little_endian byte order */
-    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(reset_vec) >> 2; i++) {
-        reset_vec[i] = cpu_to_le32(reset_vec[i]);
-    }
-    rom_add_blob_fixed_as("mrom.reset", reset_vec, sizeof(reset_vec),
-                          memmap[SPIKE_MROM].base, &address_space_memory);
-
-    /* copy in the device tree */
-    if (fdt_pack(s->fdt) || fdt_totalsize(s->fdt) >
-            memmap[SPIKE_MROM].size - sizeof(reset_vec)) {
-        error_report("not enough space to store device-tree");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    qemu_fdt_dumpdtb(s->fdt, fdt_totalsize(s->fdt));
-    rom_add_blob_fixed_as("mrom.fdt", s->fdt, fdt_totalsize(s->fdt),
-                          memmap[SPIKE_MROM].base + sizeof(reset_vec),
-                          &address_space_memory);
+    /* Compute the fdt load address in dram */
+    fdt_load_addr = riscv_load_fdt(memmap[SPIKE_DRAM].base,
+                                   machine->ram_size, s->fdt);
+    /* load the reset vector */
+    riscv_setup_rom_reset_vec(memmap[SPIKE_DRAM].base, memmap[SPIKE_MROM].base,
+                              memmap[SPIKE_MROM].size, kernel_entry,
+                              fdt_load_addr, s->fdt);
 
     /* initialize HTIF using symbols found in load_kernel */
     htif_mm_init(system_memory, mask_rom, &s->soc.harts[0].env, serial_hd(0));
diff --git a/hw/riscv/virt.c b/hw/riscv/virt.c
index f7630c8..55a907b 100644
--- a/hw/riscv/virt.c
+++ b/hw/riscv/virt.c
@@ -39,12 +39,9 @@
 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
 #include "sysemu/device_tree.h"
 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
-#include "exec/address-spaces.h"
 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
 #include "hw/pci-host/gpex.h"
 
-#include <libfdt.h>
-
 #if defined(TARGET_RISCV32)
 # define BIOS_FILENAME "opensbi-riscv32-virt-fw_jump.bin"
 #else
@@ -56,18 +53,18 @@
     hwaddr size;
 } virt_memmap[] = {
     [VIRT_DEBUG] =       {        0x0,         0x100 },
-    [VIRT_MROM] =        {     0x1000,       0x11000 },
+    [VIRT_MROM] =        {     0x1000,        0xf000 },
     [VIRT_TEST] =        {   0x100000,        0x1000 },
     [VIRT_RTC] =         {   0x101000,        0x1000 },
     [VIRT_CLINT] =       {  0x2000000,       0x10000 },
+    [VIRT_PCIE_PIO] =    {  0x3000000,       0x10000 },
     [VIRT_PLIC] =        {  0xc000000,     0x4000000 },
     [VIRT_UART0] =       { 0x10000000,         0x100 },
     [VIRT_VIRTIO] =      { 0x10001000,        0x1000 },
     [VIRT_FLASH] =       { 0x20000000,     0x4000000 },
-    [VIRT_DRAM] =        { 0x80000000,           0x0 },
-    [VIRT_PCIE_MMIO] =   { 0x40000000,    0x40000000 },
-    [VIRT_PCIE_PIO] =    { 0x03000000,    0x00010000 },
     [VIRT_PCIE_ECAM] =   { 0x30000000,    0x10000000 },
+    [VIRT_PCIE_MMIO] =   { 0x40000000,    0x40000000 },
+    [VIRT_DRAM] =        { 0x80000000,           0x0 },
 };
 
 #define VIRT_FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE (256 * KiB)
@@ -481,6 +478,8 @@
     char *plic_hart_config;
     size_t plic_hart_config_len;
     target_ulong start_addr = memmap[VIRT_DRAM].base;
+    uint32_t fdt_load_addr;
+    uint64_t kernel_entry;
     int i;
     unsigned int smp_cpus = machine->smp.cpus;
 
@@ -512,8 +511,7 @@
                                  memmap[VIRT_DRAM].base, NULL);
 
     if (machine->kernel_filename) {
-        uint64_t kernel_entry = riscv_load_kernel(machine->kernel_filename,
-                                                  NULL);
+        kernel_entry = riscv_load_kernel(machine->kernel_filename, NULL);
 
         if (machine->initrd_filename) {
             hwaddr start;
@@ -525,6 +523,12 @@
             qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(s->fdt, "/chosen", "linux,initrd-end",
                                   end);
         }
+    } else {
+       /*
+        * If dynamic firmware is used, it doesn't know where is the next mode
+        * if kernel argument is not set.
+        */
+        kernel_entry = 0;
     }
 
     if (drive_get(IF_PFLASH, 0, 0)) {
@@ -535,40 +539,13 @@
         start_addr = virt_memmap[VIRT_FLASH].base;
     }
 
-    /* reset vector */
-    uint32_t reset_vec[8] = {
-        0x00000297,                  /* 1:  auipc  t0, %pcrel_hi(dtb) */
-        0x02028593,                  /*     addi   a1, t0, %pcrel_lo(1b) */
-        0xf1402573,                  /*     csrr   a0, mhartid  */
-#if defined(TARGET_RISCV32)
-        0x0182a283,                  /*     lw     t0, 24(t0) */
-#elif defined(TARGET_RISCV64)
-        0x0182b283,                  /*     ld     t0, 24(t0) */
-#endif
-        0x00028067,                  /*     jr     t0 */
-        0x00000000,
-        start_addr,                  /* start: .dword */
-        0x00000000,
-                                     /* dtb: */
-    };
-
-    /* copy in the reset vector in little_endian byte order */
-    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(reset_vec) >> 2; i++) {
-        reset_vec[i] = cpu_to_le32(reset_vec[i]);
-    }
-    rom_add_blob_fixed_as("mrom.reset", reset_vec, sizeof(reset_vec),
-                          memmap[VIRT_MROM].base, &address_space_memory);
-
-    /* copy in the device tree */
-    if (fdt_pack(s->fdt) || fdt_totalsize(s->fdt) >
-            memmap[VIRT_MROM].size - sizeof(reset_vec)) {
-        error_report("not enough space to store device-tree");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    qemu_fdt_dumpdtb(s->fdt, fdt_totalsize(s->fdt));
-    rom_add_blob_fixed_as("mrom.fdt", s->fdt, fdt_totalsize(s->fdt),
-                          memmap[VIRT_MROM].base + sizeof(reset_vec),
-                          &address_space_memory);
+    /* Compute the fdt load address in dram */
+    fdt_load_addr = riscv_load_fdt(memmap[VIRT_DRAM].base,
+                                   machine->ram_size, s->fdt);
+    /* load the reset vector */
+    riscv_setup_rom_reset_vec(start_addr, virt_memmap[VIRT_MROM].base,
+                              virt_memmap[VIRT_MROM].size, kernel_entry,
+                              fdt_load_addr, s->fdt);
 
     /* create PLIC hart topology configuration string */
     plic_hart_config_len = (strlen(VIRT_PLIC_HART_CONFIG) + 1) * smp_cpus;
diff --git a/hw/sd/sd.c b/hw/sd/sd.c
index 5137168..fad9cf1 100644
--- a/hw/sd/sd.c
+++ b/hw/sd/sd.c
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/units.h"
+#include "qemu/cutils.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/registerfields.h"
 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
@@ -920,6 +921,11 @@
         sd->multi_blk_cnt = 0;
     }
 
+    if (sd_cmd_class[req.cmd] == 6 && FIELD_EX32(sd->ocr, OCR, CARD_CAPACITY)) {
+        /* Only Standard Capacity cards support class 6 commands */
+        return sd_illegal;
+    }
+
     switch (req.cmd) {
     /* Basic commands (Class 0 and Class 1) */
     case 0:	/* CMD0:   GO_IDLE_STATE */
@@ -1165,12 +1171,15 @@
     case 17:	/* CMD17:  READ_SINGLE_BLOCK */
         switch (sd->state) {
         case sd_transfer_state:
+
+            if (addr + sd->blk_len > sd->size) {
+                sd->card_status |= ADDRESS_ERROR;
+                return sd_r1;
+            }
+
             sd->state = sd_sendingdata_state;
             sd->data_start = addr;
             sd->data_offset = 0;
-
-            if (sd->data_start + sd->blk_len > sd->size)
-                sd->card_status |= ADDRESS_ERROR;
             return sd_r1;
 
         default:
@@ -1181,12 +1190,15 @@
     case 18:	/* CMD18:  READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK */
         switch (sd->state) {
         case sd_transfer_state:
+
+            if (addr + sd->blk_len > sd->size) {
+                sd->card_status |= ADDRESS_ERROR;
+                return sd_r1;
+            }
+
             sd->state = sd_sendingdata_state;
             sd->data_start = addr;
             sd->data_offset = 0;
-
-            if (sd->data_start + sd->blk_len > sd->size)
-                sd->card_status |= ADDRESS_ERROR;
             return sd_r1;
 
         default:
@@ -1226,17 +1238,23 @@
             /* Writing in SPI mode not implemented.  */
             if (sd->spi)
                 break;
+
+            if (addr + sd->blk_len > sd->size) {
+                sd->card_status |= ADDRESS_ERROR;
+                return sd_r1;
+            }
+
             sd->state = sd_receivingdata_state;
             sd->data_start = addr;
             sd->data_offset = 0;
             sd->blk_written = 0;
 
-            if (sd->data_start + sd->blk_len > sd->size)
-                sd->card_status |= ADDRESS_ERROR;
-            if (sd_wp_addr(sd, sd->data_start))
+            if (sd_wp_addr(sd, sd->data_start)) {
                 sd->card_status |= WP_VIOLATION;
-            if (sd->csd[14] & 0x30)
+            }
+            if (sd->csd[14] & 0x30) {
                 sd->card_status |= WP_VIOLATION;
+            }
             return sd_r1;
 
         default:
@@ -1250,17 +1268,23 @@
             /* Writing in SPI mode not implemented.  */
             if (sd->spi)
                 break;
+
+            if (addr + sd->blk_len > sd->size) {
+                sd->card_status |= ADDRESS_ERROR;
+                return sd_r1;
+            }
+
             sd->state = sd_receivingdata_state;
             sd->data_start = addr;
             sd->data_offset = 0;
             sd->blk_written = 0;
 
-            if (sd->data_start + sd->blk_len > sd->size)
-                sd->card_status |= ADDRESS_ERROR;
-            if (sd_wp_addr(sd, sd->data_start))
+            if (sd_wp_addr(sd, sd->data_start)) {
                 sd->card_status |= WP_VIOLATION;
-            if (sd->csd[14] & 0x30)
+            }
+            if (sd->csd[14] & 0x30) {
                 sd->card_status |= WP_VIOLATION;
+            }
             return sd_r1;
 
         default:
@@ -2100,12 +2124,36 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    if (sd->blk && blk_is_read_only(sd->blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Cannot use read-only drive as SD card");
-        return;
-    }
-
     if (sd->blk) {
+        int64_t blk_size;
+
+        if (blk_is_read_only(sd->blk)) {
+            error_setg(errp, "Cannot use read-only drive as SD card");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        blk_size = blk_getlength(sd->blk);
+        if (blk_size > 0 && !is_power_of_2(blk_size)) {
+            int64_t blk_size_aligned = pow2ceil(blk_size);
+            char *blk_size_str;
+
+            blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size);
+            error_setg(errp, "Invalid SD card size: %s", blk_size_str);
+            g_free(blk_size_str);
+
+            blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size_aligned);
+            error_append_hint(errp,
+                              "SD card size has to be a power of 2, e.g. %s.\n"
+                              "You can resize disk images with"
+                              " 'qemu-img resize <imagefile> <new-size>'\n"
+                              "(note that this will lose data if you make the"
+                              " image smaller than it currently is).\n",
+                              blk_size_str);
+            g_free(blk_size_str);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
         ret = blk_set_perm(sd->blk, BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ | BLK_PERM_WRITE,
                            BLK_PERM_ALL, errp);
         if (ret < 0) {
diff --git a/include/block/block.h b/include/block/block.h
index bca3bb8..6e36154 100644
--- a/include/block/block.h
+++ b/include/block/block.h
@@ -405,8 +405,8 @@
 void bdrv_refresh_limits(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
 int bdrv_commit(BlockDriverState *bs);
 int bdrv_make_empty(BdrvChild *c, Error **errp);
-int bdrv_change_backing_file(BlockDriverState *bs,
-    const char *backing_file, const char *backing_fmt);
+int bdrv_change_backing_file(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *backing_file,
+                             const char *backing_fmt, bool warn);
 void bdrv_register(BlockDriver *bdrv);
 int bdrv_drop_intermediate(BlockDriverState *top, BlockDriverState *base,
                            const char *backing_file_str);
diff --git a/include/block/block_int.h b/include/block/block_int.h
index 3d6cf885..38dec02 100644
--- a/include/block/block_int.h
+++ b/include/block/block_int.h
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 #define BLOCK_OPT_ADAPTER_TYPE      "adapter_type"
 #define BLOCK_OPT_REDUNDANCY        "redundancy"
 #define BLOCK_OPT_NOCOW             "nocow"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_EXTENT_SIZE_HINT  "extent_size_hint"
 #define BLOCK_OPT_OBJECT_SIZE       "object_size"
 #define BLOCK_OPT_REFCOUNT_BITS     "refcount_bits"
 #define BLOCK_OPT_DATA_FILE         "data_file"
diff --git a/include/hw/char/ibex_uart.h b/include/hw/char/ibex_uart.h
index 2bec772..b6bd5a6 100644
--- a/include/hw/char/ibex_uart.h
+++ b/include/hw/char/ibex_uart.h
@@ -26,52 +26,47 @@
 #define HW_IBEX_UART_H
 
 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
+#include "hw/registerfields.h"
 #include "chardev/char-fe.h"
 #include "qemu/timer.h"
 
-#define IBEX_UART_INTR_STATE   0x00
-    #define INTR_STATE_TX_WATERMARK (1 << 0)
-    #define INTR_STATE_RX_WATERMARK (1 << 1)
-    #define INTR_STATE_TX_EMPTY     (1 << 2)
-    #define INTR_STATE_RX_OVERFLOW  (1 << 3)
-#define IBEX_UART_INTR_ENABLE  0x04
-#define IBEX_UART_INTR_TEST    0x08
-
-#define IBEX_UART_CTRL         0x0c
-    #define UART_CTRL_TX_ENABLE     (1 << 0)
-    #define UART_CTRL_RX_ENABLE     (1 << 1)
-    #define UART_CTRL_NF            (1 << 2)
-    #define UART_CTRL_SLPBK         (1 << 4)
-    #define UART_CTRL_LLPBK         (1 << 5)
-    #define UART_CTRL_PARITY_EN     (1 << 6)
-    #define UART_CTRL_PARITY_ODD    (1 << 7)
-    #define UART_CTRL_RXBLVL        (3 << 8)
-    #define UART_CTRL_NCO           (0xFFFF << 16)
-
-#define IBEX_UART_STATUS       0x10
-    #define UART_STATUS_TXFULL  (1 << 0)
-    #define UART_STATUS_RXFULL  (1 << 1)
-    #define UART_STATUS_TXEMPTY (1 << 2)
-    #define UART_STATUS_RXIDLE  (1 << 4)
-    #define UART_STATUS_RXEMPTY (1 << 5)
-
-#define IBEX_UART_RDATA        0x14
-#define IBEX_UART_WDATA        0x18
-
-#define IBEX_UART_FIFO_CTRL    0x1c
-    #define FIFO_CTRL_RXRST          (1 << 0)
-    #define FIFO_CTRL_TXRST          (1 << 1)
-    #define FIFO_CTRL_RXILVL         (7 << 2)
-    #define FIFO_CTRL_RXILVL_SHIFT   (2)
-    #define FIFO_CTRL_TXILVL         (3 << 5)
-    #define FIFO_CTRL_TXILVL_SHIFT   (5)
-
-#define IBEX_UART_FIFO_STATUS  0x20
-#define IBEX_UART_OVRD         0x24
-#define IBEX_UART_VAL          0x28
-#define IBEX_UART_TIMEOUT_CTRL 0x2c
+REG32(INTR_STATE, 0x00)
+    FIELD(INTR_STATE, TX_WATERMARK, 0, 1)
+    FIELD(INTR_STATE, RX_WATERMARK, 1, 1)
+    FIELD(INTR_STATE, TX_EMPTY, 2, 1)
+    FIELD(INTR_STATE, RX_OVERFLOW, 3, 1)
+REG32(INTR_ENABLE, 0x04)
+REG32(INTR_TEST, 0x08)
+REG32(CTRL, 0x0C)
+    FIELD(CTRL, TX_ENABLE, 0, 1)
+    FIELD(CTRL, RX_ENABLE, 1, 1)
+    FIELD(CTRL, NF, 2, 1)
+    FIELD(CTRL, SLPBK, 4, 1)
+    FIELD(CTRL, LLPBK, 5, 1)
+    FIELD(CTRL, PARITY_EN, 6, 1)
+    FIELD(CTRL, PARITY_ODD, 7, 1)
+    FIELD(CTRL, RXBLVL, 8, 2)
+    FIELD(CTRL, NCO, 16, 16)
+REG32(STATUS, 0x10)
+    FIELD(STATUS, TXFULL, 0, 1)
+    FIELD(STATUS, RXFULL, 1, 1)
+    FIELD(STATUS, TXEMPTY, 2, 1)
+    FIELD(STATUS, RXIDLE, 4, 1)
+    FIELD(STATUS, RXEMPTY, 5, 1)
+REG32(RDATA, 0x14)
+REG32(WDATA, 0x18)
+REG32(FIFO_CTRL, 0x1c)
+    FIELD(FIFO_CTRL, RXRST, 0, 1)
+    FIELD(FIFO_CTRL, TXRST, 1, 1)
+    FIELD(FIFO_CTRL, RXILVL, 2, 3)
+    FIELD(FIFO_CTRL, TXILVL, 5, 2)
+REG32(FIFO_STATUS, 0x20)
+REG32(OVRD, 0x24)
+REG32(VAL, 0x28)
+REG32(TIMEOUT_CTRL, 0x2c)
 
 #define IBEX_UART_TX_FIFO_SIZE 16
+#define IBEX_UART_CLOCK 50000000 /* 50MHz clock */
 
 #define TYPE_IBEX_UART "ibex-uart"
 #define IBEX_UART(obj) \
@@ -101,6 +96,8 @@
     uint32_t uart_val;
     uint32_t uart_timeout_ctrl;
 
+    Clock *f_clk;
+
     CharBackend chr;
     qemu_irq tx_watermark;
     qemu_irq rx_watermark;
diff --git a/include/hw/riscv/boot.h b/include/hw/riscv/boot.h
index 9daa98d..4513387 100644
--- a/include/hw/riscv/boot.h
+++ b/include/hw/riscv/boot.h
@@ -35,5 +35,12 @@
                                symbol_fn_t sym_cb);
 hwaddr riscv_load_initrd(const char *filename, uint64_t mem_size,
                          uint64_t kernel_entry, hwaddr *start);
+uint32_t riscv_load_fdt(hwaddr dram_start, uint64_t dram_size, void *fdt);
+void riscv_setup_rom_reset_vec(hwaddr saddr, hwaddr rom_base,
+                               hwaddr rom_size, uint64_t kernel_entry,
+                               uint32_t fdt_load_addr, void *fdt);
+void riscv_rom_copy_firmware_info(hwaddr rom_base, hwaddr rom_size,
+                                  uint32_t reset_vec_size,
+                                  uint64_t kernel_entry);
 
 #endif /* RISCV_BOOT_H */
diff --git a/include/hw/riscv/boot_opensbi.h b/include/hw/riscv/boot_opensbi.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d5ddd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/hw/riscv/boot_opensbi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause */
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 Western Digital Corporation or its affiliates.
+ *
+ * Based on include/sbi/{fw_dynamic.h,sbi_scratch.h} from the OpenSBI project.
+ */
+#ifndef OPENSBI_H
+#define OPENSBI_H
+
+/** Expected value of info magic ('OSBI' ascii string in hex) */
+#define FW_DYNAMIC_INFO_MAGIC_VALUE     0x4942534f
+
+/** Maximum supported info version */
+#define FW_DYNAMIC_INFO_VERSION         0x2
+
+/** Possible next mode values */
+#define FW_DYNAMIC_INFO_NEXT_MODE_U     0x0
+#define FW_DYNAMIC_INFO_NEXT_MODE_S     0x1
+#define FW_DYNAMIC_INFO_NEXT_MODE_M     0x3
+
+enum sbi_scratch_options {
+    /** Disable prints during boot */
+    SBI_SCRATCH_NO_BOOT_PRINTS = (1 << 0),
+    /** Enable runtime debug prints */
+    SBI_SCRATCH_DEBUG_PRINTS = (1 << 1),
+};
+
+/** Representation dynamic info passed by previous booting stage */
+struct fw_dynamic_info {
+    /** Info magic */
+    target_long magic;
+    /** Info version */
+    target_long version;
+    /** Next booting stage address */
+    target_long next_addr;
+    /** Next booting stage mode */
+    target_long next_mode;
+    /** Options for OpenSBI library */
+    target_long options;
+    /**
+     * Preferred boot HART id
+     *
+     * It is possible that the previous booting stage uses same link
+     * address as the FW_DYNAMIC firmware. In this case, the relocation
+     * lottery mechanism can potentially overwrite the previous booting
+     * stage while other HARTs are still running in the previous booting
+     * stage leading to boot-time crash. To avoid this boot-time crash,
+     * the previous booting stage can specify last HART that will jump
+     * to the FW_DYNAMIC firmware as the preferred boot HART.
+     *
+     * To avoid specifying a preferred boot HART, the previous booting
+     * stage can set it to -1UL which will force the FW_DYNAMIC firmware
+     * to use the relocation lottery mechanism.
+     */
+    target_long boot_hart;
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/qemu/osdep.h b/include/qemu/osdep.h
index 979a403..4841b5c 100644
--- a/include/qemu/osdep.h
+++ b/include/qemu/osdep.h
@@ -655,4 +655,14 @@
 #endif
 }
 
+/**
+ * qemu_get_host_name:
+ * @errp: Error object
+ *
+ * Operating system agnostic way of querying host name.
+ *
+ * Returns allocated hostname (caller should free), NULL on failure.
+ */
+char *qemu_get_host_name(Error **errp);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/linux-user/fd-trans.c b/linux-user/fd-trans.c
index c0687c5..1486c81 100644
--- a/linux-user/fd-trans.c
+++ b/linux-user/fd-trans.c
@@ -133,6 +133,9 @@
     QEMU_IFLA_NEW_IFINDEX,
     QEMU_IFLA_MIN_MTU,
     QEMU_IFLA_MAX_MTU,
+    QEMU_IFLA_PROP_LIST,
+    QEMU_IFLA_ALT_IFNAME,
+    QEMU_IFLA_PERM_ADDRESS,
     QEMU___IFLA_MAX
 };
 
@@ -807,6 +810,7 @@
     /* binary stream */
     case QEMU_IFLA_ADDRESS:
     case QEMU_IFLA_BROADCAST:
+    case QEMU_IFLA_PERM_ADDRESS:
     /* string */
     case QEMU_IFLA_IFNAME:
     case QEMU_IFLA_QDISC:
@@ -1200,6 +1204,7 @@
         break;
     case RTM_NEWLINK:
     case RTM_DELLINK:
+    case RTM_SETLINK:
         if (nlh->nlmsg_len >= NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(*ifi))) {
             ifi = NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
             ifi->ifi_type = tswap16(ifi->ifi_type);
diff --git a/linux-user/strace.c b/linux-user/strace.c
index 5235b22..1398134 100644
--- a/linux-user/strace.c
+++ b/linux-user/strace.c
@@ -724,19 +724,20 @@
  * Variants for the return value output function
  */
 
-static void
+static bool
 print_syscall_err(abi_long ret)
 {
-    const char *errstr = NULL;
+    const char *errstr;
 
     qemu_log(" = ");
     if (ret < 0) {
-        qemu_log("-1 errno=%d", errno);
         errstr = target_strerror(-ret);
         if (errstr) {
-            qemu_log(" (%s)", errstr);
+            qemu_log("-1 errno=%d (%s)", (int)-ret, errstr);
+            return true;
         }
     }
+    return false;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -744,11 +745,10 @@
                        abi_long arg0, abi_long arg1, abi_long arg2,
                        abi_long arg3, abi_long arg4, abi_long arg5)
 {
-    print_syscall_err(ret);
-
-    if (ret >= 0) {
-        qemu_log("0x" TARGET_ABI_FMT_lx "\n", ret);
+    if (!print_syscall_err(ret)) {
+        qemu_log("0x" TARGET_ABI_FMT_lx, ret);
     }
+    qemu_log("\n");
 }
 
 #if 0 /* currently unused */
@@ -765,9 +765,7 @@
                             abi_long arg0, abi_long arg1, abi_long arg2,
                             abi_long arg3, abi_long arg4, abi_long arg5)
 {
-    print_syscall_err(ret);
-
-    if (ret >= 0) {
+    if (!print_syscall_err(ret)) {
         qemu_log(" = 0x" TARGET_ABI_FMT_lx " (", ret);
         print_fdset(arg0, arg1);
         qemu_log(",");
@@ -796,9 +794,7 @@
                            abi_long arg0, abi_long arg1, abi_long arg2,
                            abi_long arg3, abi_long arg4, abi_long arg5)
 {
-    print_syscall_err(ret);
-
-    if (ret >= 0) {
+    if (!print_syscall_err(ret)) {
         qemu_log(TARGET_ABI_FMT_ld, ret);
         switch (ret) {
         case TARGET_TIME_OK:
@@ -833,9 +829,7 @@
                             abi_long arg0, abi_long arg1, abi_long arg2,
                             abi_long arg3, abi_long arg4, abi_long arg5)
 {
-    print_syscall_err(ret);
-
-    if (ret >= 0) {
+    if (!print_syscall_err(ret)) {
         qemu_log(TARGET_ABI_FMT_ld, ret);
         qemu_log(" (list = ");
         if (arg1 != 0) {
@@ -866,9 +860,7 @@
                         abi_long arg0, abi_long arg1, abi_long arg2,
                         abi_long arg3, abi_long arg4, abi_long arg5)
 {
-    print_syscall_err(ret);
-
-    if (ret >= 0) {
+    if (!print_syscall_err(ret)) {
         qemu_log(TARGET_ABI_FMT_ld, ret);
 
         const IOCTLEntry *ie;
@@ -889,8 +881,12 @@
             arg_type++;
             target_size = thunk_type_size(arg_type, 0);
             argptr = lock_user(VERIFY_READ, arg2, target_size, 1);
-            thunk_print(argptr, arg_type);
-            unlock_user(argptr, arg2, target_size);
+            if (argptr) {
+                thunk_print(argptr, arg_type);
+                unlock_user(argptr, arg2, target_size);
+            } else {
+                print_pointer(arg2, 1);
+            }
             qemu_log(")");
         }
     }
@@ -3119,8 +3115,12 @@
                     arg_type++;
                     target_size = thunk_type_size(arg_type, 0);
                     argptr = lock_user(VERIFY_READ, arg2, target_size, 1);
-                    thunk_print(argptr, arg_type);
-                    unlock_user(argptr, arg2, target_size);
+                    if (argptr) {
+                        thunk_print(argptr, arg_type);
+                        unlock_user(argptr, arg2, target_size);
+                    } else {
+                        print_pointer(arg2, 1);
+                    }
                     break;
                 }
                 break;
@@ -3189,9 +3189,7 @@
                                   arg1, arg2, arg3,
                                   arg4, arg5, arg6);
             } else {
-                print_syscall_err(ret);
-
-                if (ret >= 0) {
+                if (!print_syscall_err(ret)) {
                     qemu_log(TARGET_ABI_FMT_ld, ret);
                 }
                 qemu_log("\n");
diff --git a/linux-user/syscall.c b/linux-user/syscall.c
index 98ea86c..1211e75 100644
--- a/linux-user/syscall.c
+++ b/linux-user/syscall.c
@@ -817,9 +817,14 @@
               const struct timespec *, req, struct timespec *, rem)
 #endif
 #ifdef __NR_ipc
+#ifdef __s390x__
+safe_syscall5(int, ipc, int, call, long, first, long, second, long, third,
+              void *, ptr)
+#else
 safe_syscall6(int, ipc, int, call, long, first, long, second, long, third,
               void *, ptr, long, fifth)
 #endif
+#endif
 #ifdef __NR_msgsnd
 safe_syscall4(int, msgsnd, int, msgid, const void *, msgp, size_t, sz,
               int, flags)
@@ -1230,7 +1235,8 @@
     defined(TARGET_NR_pselect6) || defined(TARGET_NR_pselect6) || \
     defined(TARGET_NR_nanosleep) || defined(TARGET_NR_clock_settime) || \
     defined(TARGET_NR_utimensat) || defined(TARGET_NR_mq_timedsend) || \
-    defined(TARGET_NR_mq_timedreceive)
+    defined(TARGET_NR_mq_timedreceive) || defined(TARGET_NR_ipc) || \
+    defined(TARGET_NR_semop) || defined(TARGET_NR_semtimedop)
 static inline abi_long target_to_host_timespec(struct timespec *host_ts,
                                                abi_ulong target_addr)
 {
@@ -2990,7 +2996,7 @@
 #endif
          protocol == NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT ||
          protocol == NETLINK_AUDIT)) {
-        return -TARGET_EPFNOSUPPORT;
+        return -TARGET_EPROTONOSUPPORT;
     }
 
     if (domain == AF_PACKET ||
@@ -3878,25 +3884,53 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static inline abi_long do_semop(int semid, abi_long ptr, unsigned nsops)
+#if defined(TARGET_NR_ipc) || defined(TARGET_NR_semop) || \
+    defined(TARGET_NR_semtimedop)
+
+/*
+ * This macro is required to handle the s390 variants, which passes the
+ * arguments in a different order than default.
+ */
+#ifdef __s390x__
+#define SEMTIMEDOP_IPC_ARGS(__nsops, __sops, __timeout) \
+  (__nsops), (__timeout), (__sops)
+#else
+#define SEMTIMEDOP_IPC_ARGS(__nsops, __sops, __timeout) \
+  (__nsops), 0, (__sops), (__timeout)
+#endif
+
+static inline abi_long do_semtimedop(int semid,
+                                     abi_long ptr,
+                                     unsigned nsops,
+                                     abi_long timeout)
 {
     struct sembuf sops[nsops];
+    struct timespec ts, *pts = NULL;
     abi_long ret;
 
+    if (timeout) {
+        pts = &ts;
+        if (target_to_host_timespec(pts, timeout)) {
+            return -TARGET_EFAULT;
+        }
+    }
+
     if (target_to_host_sembuf(sops, ptr, nsops))
         return -TARGET_EFAULT;
 
     ret = -TARGET_ENOSYS;
 #ifdef __NR_semtimedop
-    ret = get_errno(safe_semtimedop(semid, sops, nsops, NULL));
+    ret = get_errno(safe_semtimedop(semid, sops, nsops, pts));
 #endif
 #ifdef __NR_ipc
     if (ret == -TARGET_ENOSYS) {
-        ret = get_errno(safe_ipc(IPCOP_semtimedop, semid, nsops, 0, sops, 0));
+        ret = get_errno(safe_ipc(IPCOP_semtimedop, semid,
+                                 SEMTIMEDOP_IPC_ARGS(nsops, sops, (long)pts)));
     }
 #endif
     return ret;
 }
+#endif
 
 struct target_msqid_ds
 {
@@ -4056,8 +4090,13 @@
 #endif
 #ifdef __NR_ipc
     if (ret == -TARGET_ENOSYS) {
+#ifdef __s390x__
+        ret = get_errno(safe_ipc(IPCOP_msgsnd, msqid, msgsz, msgflg,
+                                 host_mb));
+#else
         ret = get_errno(safe_ipc(IPCOP_msgsnd, msqid, msgsz, msgflg,
                                  host_mb, 0));
+#endif
     }
 #endif
     g_free(host_mb);
@@ -4066,6 +4105,20 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
+#ifdef __NR_ipc
+#if defined(__sparc__)
+/* SPARC for msgrcv it does not use the kludge on final 2 arguments.  */
+#define MSGRCV_ARGS(__msgp, __msgtyp) __msgp, __msgtyp
+#elif defined(__s390x__)
+/* The s390 sys_ipc variant has only five parameters.  */
+#define MSGRCV_ARGS(__msgp, __msgtyp) \
+    ((long int[]){(long int)__msgp, __msgtyp})
+#else
+#define MSGRCV_ARGS(__msgp, __msgtyp) \
+    ((long int[]){(long int)__msgp, __msgtyp}), 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
 static inline abi_long do_msgrcv(int msqid, abi_long msgp,
                                  ssize_t msgsz, abi_long msgtyp,
                                  int msgflg)
@@ -4094,7 +4147,7 @@
 #ifdef __NR_ipc
     if (ret == -TARGET_ENOSYS) {
         ret = get_errno(safe_ipc(IPCOP_CALL(1, IPCOP_msgrcv), msqid, msgsz,
-                        msgflg, host_mb, msgtyp));
+                        msgflg, MSGRCV_ARGS(host_mb, msgtyp)));
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -4372,7 +4425,20 @@
 
     switch (call) {
     case IPCOP_semop:
-        ret = do_semop(first, ptr, second);
+        ret = do_semtimedop(first, ptr, second, 0);
+        break;
+    case IPCOP_semtimedop:
+    /*
+     * The s390 sys_ipc variant has only five parameters instead of six
+     * (as for default variant) and the only difference is the handling of
+     * SEMTIMEDOP where on s390 the third parameter is used as a pointer
+     * to a struct timespec where the generic variant uses fifth parameter.
+     */
+#if defined(TARGET_S390X)
+        ret = do_semtimedop(first, ptr, second, third);
+#else
+        ret = do_semtimedop(first, ptr, second, fifth);
+#endif
         break;
 
     case IPCOP_semget:
@@ -9684,7 +9750,11 @@
 #endif
 #ifdef TARGET_NR_semop
     case TARGET_NR_semop:
-        return do_semop(arg1, arg2, arg3);
+        return do_semtimedop(arg1, arg2, arg3, 0);
+#endif
+#ifdef TARGET_NR_semtimedop
+    case TARGET_NR_semtimedop:
+        return do_semtimedop(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4);
 #endif
 #ifdef TARGET_NR_semctl
     case TARGET_NR_semctl:
diff --git a/migration/migration.c b/migration/migration.c
index 4e658c3..2ed9923 100644
--- a/migration/migration.c
+++ b/migration/migration.c
@@ -986,7 +986,6 @@
         /* no migration has happened ever */
         /* do not overwrite destination migration status */
         return;
-        break;
     case MIGRATION_STATUS_SETUP:
         info->has_status = true;
         info->has_total_time = false;
@@ -1105,7 +1104,6 @@
     switch (mis->state) {
     case MIGRATION_STATUS_NONE:
         return;
-        break;
     case MIGRATION_STATUS_SETUP:
     case MIGRATION_STATUS_CANCELLING:
     case MIGRATION_STATUS_CANCELLED:
@@ -1343,12 +1341,12 @@
 
     if (params->has_tls_creds) {
         assert(params->tls_creds->type == QTYPE_QSTRING);
-        dest->tls_creds = g_strdup(params->tls_creds->u.s);
+        dest->tls_creds = params->tls_creds->u.s;
     }
 
     if (params->has_tls_hostname) {
         assert(params->tls_hostname->type == QTYPE_QSTRING);
-        dest->tls_hostname = g_strdup(params->tls_hostname->u.s);
+        dest->tls_hostname = params->tls_hostname->u.s;
     }
 
     if (params->has_max_bandwidth) {
diff --git a/migration/savevm.c b/migration/savevm.c
index 6e01724..45c9dd9 100644
--- a/migration/savevm.c
+++ b/migration/savevm.c
@@ -2635,7 +2635,7 @@
 {
     BlockDriverState *bs, *bs1;
     QEMUSnapshotInfo sn1, *sn = &sn1, old_sn1, *old_sn = &old_sn1;
-    int ret = -1;
+    int ret = -1, ret2;
     QEMUFile *f;
     int saved_vm_running;
     uint64_t vm_state_size;
@@ -2719,10 +2719,14 @@
     }
     ret = qemu_savevm_state(f, errp);
     vm_state_size = qemu_ftell(f);
-    qemu_fclose(f);
+    ret2 = qemu_fclose(f);
     if (ret < 0) {
         goto the_end;
     }
+    if (ret2 < 0) {
+        ret = ret2;
+        goto the_end;
+    }
 
     /* The bdrv_all_create_snapshot() call that follows acquires the AioContext
      * for itself.  BDRV_POLL_WHILE() does not support nested locking because
diff --git a/python/qemu/machine.py b/python/qemu/machine.py
index c25f0b4..80c4d4a 100644
--- a/python/qemu/machine.py
+++ b/python/qemu/machine.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import os
 import subprocess
 import shutil
+import signal
 import socket
 import tempfile
 from typing import Optional, Type
@@ -49,17 +50,10 @@
     """
 
 
-class MonitorResponseError(qmp.QMPError):
+class AbnormalShutdown(QEMUMachineError):
     """
-    Represents erroneous QMP monitor reply
+    Exception raised when a graceful shutdown was requested, but not performed.
     """
-    def __init__(self, reply):
-        try:
-            desc = reply["error"]["desc"]
-        except KeyError:
-            desc = reply
-        super().__init__(desc)
-        self.reply = reply
 
 
 class QEMUMachine:
@@ -127,6 +121,7 @@
         self._console_address = None
         self._console_socket = None
         self._remove_files = []
+        self._user_killed = False
         self._console_log_path = console_log
         if self._console_log_path:
             # In order to log the console, buffering needs to be enabled.
@@ -294,6 +289,19 @@
             self._qmp.accept()
 
     def _post_shutdown(self):
+        """
+        Called to cleanup the VM instance after the process has exited.
+        May also be called after a failed launch.
+        """
+        # Comprehensive reset for the failed launch case:
+        self._early_cleanup()
+
+        if self._qmp:
+            self._qmp.close()
+            self._qmp = None
+
+        self._load_io_log()
+
         if self._qemu_log_file is not None:
             self._qemu_log_file.close()
             self._qemu_log_file = None
@@ -307,6 +315,19 @@
         while len(self._remove_files) > 0:
             self._remove_if_exists(self._remove_files.pop())
 
+        exitcode = self.exitcode()
+        if (exitcode is not None and exitcode < 0
+                and not (self._user_killed and exitcode == -signal.SIGKILL)):
+            msg = 'qemu received signal %i; command: "%s"'
+            if self._qemu_full_args:
+                command = ' '.join(self._qemu_full_args)
+            else:
+                command = ''
+            LOG.warning(msg, -int(exitcode), command)
+
+        self._user_killed = False
+        self._launched = False
+
     def launch(self):
         """
         Launch the VM and make sure we cleanup and expose the
@@ -322,7 +343,7 @@
             self._launch()
             self._launched = True
         except:
-            self.shutdown()
+            self._post_shutdown()
 
             LOG.debug('Error launching VM')
             if self._qemu_full_args:
@@ -348,19 +369,12 @@
                                        close_fds=False)
         self._post_launch()
 
-    def wait(self):
+    def _early_cleanup(self) -> None:
         """
-        Wait for the VM to power off
-        """
-        self._popen.wait()
-        if self._qmp:
-            self._qmp.close()
-        self._load_io_log()
-        self._post_shutdown()
+        Perform any cleanup that needs to happen before the VM exits.
 
-    def shutdown(self, has_quit=False, hard=False):
-        """
-        Terminate the VM and clean up
+        May be invoked by both soft and hard shutdown in failover scenarios.
+        Called additionally by _post_shutdown for comprehensive cleanup.
         """
         # If we keep the console socket open, we may deadlock waiting
         # for QEMU to exit, while QEMU is waiting for the socket to
@@ -369,37 +383,105 @@
             self._console_socket.close()
             self._console_socket = None
 
-        if self.is_running():
+    def _hard_shutdown(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform early cleanup, kill the VM, and wait for it to terminate.
+
+        :raise subprocess.Timeout: When timeout is exceeds 60 seconds
+            waiting for the QEMU process to terminate.
+        """
+        self._early_cleanup()
+        self._popen.kill()
+        self._popen.wait(timeout=60)
+
+    def _soft_shutdown(self, has_quit: bool = False,
+                       timeout: Optional[int] = 3) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform early cleanup, attempt to gracefully shut down the VM, and wait
+        for it to terminate.
+
+        :param has_quit: When True, don't attempt to issue 'quit' QMP command
+        :param timeout: Optional timeout in seconds for graceful shutdown.
+                        Default 3 seconds, A value of None is an infinite wait.
+
+        :raise ConnectionReset: On QMP communication errors
+        :raise subprocess.TimeoutExpired: When timeout is exceeded waiting for
+            the QEMU process to terminate.
+        """
+        self._early_cleanup()
+
+        if self._qmp is not None:
+            if not has_quit:
+                # Might raise ConnectionReset
+                self._qmp.cmd('quit')
+
+        # May raise subprocess.TimeoutExpired
+        self._popen.wait(timeout=timeout)
+
+    def _do_shutdown(self, has_quit: bool = False,
+                     timeout: Optional[int] = 3) -> None:
+        """
+        Attempt to shutdown the VM gracefully; fallback to a hard shutdown.
+
+        :param has_quit: When True, don't attempt to issue 'quit' QMP command
+        :param timeout: Optional timeout in seconds for graceful shutdown.
+                        Default 3 seconds, A value of None is an infinite wait.
+
+        :raise AbnormalShutdown: When the VM could not be shut down gracefully.
+            The inner exception will likely be ConnectionReset or
+            subprocess.TimeoutExpired. In rare cases, non-graceful termination
+            may result in its own exceptions, likely subprocess.TimeoutExpired.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._soft_shutdown(has_quit, timeout)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self._hard_shutdown()
+            raise AbnormalShutdown("Could not perform graceful shutdown") \
+                from exc
+
+    def shutdown(self, has_quit: bool = False,
+                 hard: bool = False,
+                 timeout: Optional[int] = 3) -> None:
+        """
+        Terminate the VM (gracefully if possible) and perform cleanup.
+        Cleanup will always be performed.
+
+        If the VM has not yet been launched, or shutdown(), wait(), or kill()
+        have already been called, this method does nothing.
+
+        :param has_quit: When true, do not attempt to issue 'quit' QMP command.
+        :param hard: When true, do not attempt graceful shutdown, and
+                     suppress the SIGKILL warning log message.
+        :param timeout: Optional timeout in seconds for graceful shutdown.
+                        Default 3 seconds, A value of None is an infinite wait.
+        """
+        if not self._launched:
+            return
+
+        try:
             if hard:
-                self._popen.kill()
-            elif self._qmp:
-                try:
-                    if not has_quit:
-                        self._qmp.cmd('quit')
-                    self._qmp.close()
-                    self._popen.wait(timeout=3)
-                except:
-                    self._popen.kill()
-            self._popen.wait()
-
-        self._load_io_log()
-        self._post_shutdown()
-
-        exitcode = self.exitcode()
-        if exitcode is not None and exitcode < 0 and \
-                not (exitcode == -9 and hard):
-            msg = 'qemu received signal %i: %s'
-            if self._qemu_full_args:
-                command = ' '.join(self._qemu_full_args)
+                self._user_killed = True
+                self._hard_shutdown()
             else:
-                command = ''
-            LOG.warning(msg, -int(exitcode), command)
-
-        self._launched = False
+                self._do_shutdown(has_quit, timeout=timeout)
+        finally:
+            self._post_shutdown()
 
     def kill(self):
+        """
+        Terminate the VM forcefully, wait for it to exit, and perform cleanup.
+        """
         self.shutdown(hard=True)
 
+    def wait(self, timeout: Optional[int] = 3) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait for the VM to power off and perform post-shutdown cleanup.
+
+        :param timeout: Optional timeout in seconds.
+                        Default 3 seconds, A value of None is an infinite wait.
+        """
+        self.shutdown(has_quit=True, timeout=timeout)
+
     def set_qmp_monitor(self, enabled=True):
         """
         Set the QMP monitor.
@@ -438,7 +520,7 @@
         if reply is None:
             raise qmp.QMPError("Monitor is closed")
         if "error" in reply:
-            raise MonitorResponseError(reply)
+            raise qmp.QMPResponseError(reply)
         return reply["return"]
 
     def get_qmp_event(self, wait=False):
diff --git a/python/qemu/qmp.py b/python/qemu/qmp.py
index e64b6b5..7935dab 100644
--- a/python/qemu/qmp.py
+++ b/python/qemu/qmp.py
@@ -12,13 +12,32 @@
 import socket
 import logging
 from typing import (
+    Any,
+    cast,
+    Dict,
     Optional,
     TextIO,
     Type,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
 )
 from types import TracebackType
 
 
+# QMPMessage is a QMP Message of any kind.
+# e.g. {'yee': 'haw'}
+#
+# QMPReturnValue is the inner value of return values only.
+# {'return': {}} is the QMPMessage,
+# {} is the QMPReturnValue.
+QMPMessage = Dict[str, Any]
+QMPReturnValue = Dict[str, Any]
+
+InternetAddrT = Tuple[str, str]
+UnixAddrT = str
+SocketAddrT = Union[InternetAddrT, UnixAddrT]
+
+
 class QMPError(Exception):
     """
     QMP base exception
@@ -43,6 +62,25 @@
     """
 
 
+class QMPProtocolError(QMPError):
+    """
+    QMP protocol error; unexpected response
+    """
+
+
+class QMPResponseError(QMPError):
+    """
+    Represents erroneous QMP monitor reply
+    """
+    def __init__(self, reply: QMPMessage):
+        try:
+            desc = reply['error']['desc']
+        except KeyError:
+            desc = reply
+        super().__init__(desc)
+        self.reply = reply
+
+
 class QEMUMonitorProtocol:
     """
     Provide an API to connect to QEMU via QEMU Monitor Protocol (QMP) and then
@@ -99,7 +137,10 @@
             data = self.__sockfile.readline()
             if not data:
                 return None
-            resp = json.loads(data)
+            # By definition, any JSON received from QMP is a QMPMessage,
+            # and we are asserting only at static analysis time that it
+            # has a particular shape.
+            resp: QMPMessage = json.loads(data)
             if 'event' in resp:
                 self.logger.debug("<<< %s", resp)
                 self.__events.append(resp)
@@ -194,22 +235,18 @@
         self.__sockfile = self.__sock.makefile(mode='r')
         return self.__negotiate_capabilities()
 
-    def cmd_obj(self, qmp_cmd):
+    def cmd_obj(self, qmp_cmd: QMPMessage) -> QMPMessage:
         """
         Send a QMP command to the QMP Monitor.
 
         @param qmp_cmd: QMP command to be sent as a Python dict
-        @return QMP response as a Python dict or None if the connection has
-                been closed
+        @return QMP response as a Python dict
         """
         self.logger.debug(">>> %s", qmp_cmd)
-        try:
-            self.__sock.sendall(json.dumps(qmp_cmd).encode('utf-8'))
-        except OSError as err:
-            if err.errno == errno.EPIPE:
-                return None
-            raise err
+        self.__sock.sendall(json.dumps(qmp_cmd).encode('utf-8'))
         resp = self.__json_read()
+        if resp is None:
+            raise QMPConnectError("Unexpected empty reply from server")
         self.logger.debug("<<< %s", resp)
         return resp
 
@@ -233,9 +270,13 @@
         Build and send a QMP command to the monitor, report errors if any
         """
         ret = self.cmd(cmd, kwds)
-        if "error" in ret:
-            raise Exception(ret['error']['desc'])
-        return ret['return']
+        if 'error' in ret:
+            raise QMPResponseError(ret)
+        if 'return' not in ret:
+            raise QMPProtocolError(
+                "'return' key not found in QMP response '{}'".format(str(ret))
+            )
+        return cast(QMPReturnValue, ret['return'])
 
     def pull_event(self, wait=False):
         """
diff --git a/qapi/block-core.json b/qapi/block-core.json
index b20332e..463ffd8 100644
--- a/qapi/block-core.json
+++ b/qapi/block-core.json
@@ -4185,14 +4185,17 @@
 #                 falloc (if defined CONFIG_POSIX_FALLOCATE),
 #                 full (if defined CONFIG_POSIX))
 # @nocow: Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs; default: off)
+# @extent-size-hint: Extent size hint to add to the image file; 0 for not
+#                    adding an extent size hint (default: 1 MB, since 5.1)
 #
 # Since: 2.12
 ##
 { 'struct': 'BlockdevCreateOptionsFile',
-  'data': { 'filename':         'str',
-            'size':             'size',
-            '*preallocation':   'PreallocMode',
-            '*nocow':           'bool' } }
+  'data': { 'filename':             'str',
+            'size':                 'size',
+            '*preallocation':       'PreallocMode',
+            '*nocow':               'bool',
+            '*extent-size-hint':    'size'} }
 
 ##
 # @BlockdevCreateOptionsGluster:
diff --git a/qemu-img.c b/qemu-img.c
index 498fbf4..efb6ca1 100644
--- a/qemu-img.c
+++ b/qemu-img.c
@@ -2364,8 +2364,8 @@
     }
 
     if (skip_create && options) {
-        warn_report("-o has no effect when skipping image creation");
-        warn_report("This will become an error in future QEMU versions.");
+        error_report("-o has no effect when skipping image creation");
+        goto fail_getopt;
     }
 
     if (s.has_zero_init && !skip_create) {
@@ -2517,6 +2517,13 @@
         goto out;
     }
 
+    if (out_baseimg_param) {
+        if (!qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT)) {
+            warn_report("Deprecated use of backing file without explicit "
+                        "backing format");
+        }
+    }
+
     /* Check if compression is supported */
     if (s.compressed) {
         bool encryption =
@@ -3210,12 +3217,9 @@
     curr.start = start_offset;
     while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
         int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
-        int64_t n;
+        int64_t n = length - offset;
 
-        /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time.  */
-        n = MIN(1 * GiB, length - offset);
         ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
-
         if (ret < 0) {
             error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
             goto out;
@@ -3800,9 +3804,9 @@
      * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
      */
     if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
-        ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
+        ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt, true);
     } else {
-        ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
+        ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL, false);
     }
 
     if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
diff --git a/qga/commands.c b/qga/commands.c
index efc8b90..d3fec80 100644
--- a/qga/commands.c
+++ b/qga/commands.c
@@ -515,11 +515,20 @@
 GuestHostName *qmp_guest_get_host_name(Error **errp)
 {
     GuestHostName *result = NULL;
-    gchar const *hostname = g_get_host_name();
-    if (hostname != NULL) {
-        result = g_new0(GuestHostName, 1);
-        result->host_name = g_strdup(hostname);
+    g_autofree char *hostname = qemu_get_host_name(errp);
+
+    /*
+     * We want to avoid using g_get_host_name() because that
+     * caches the result and we wouldn't reflect changes in the
+     * host name.
+     */
+
+    if (!hostname) {
+        hostname = g_strdup("localhost");
     }
+
+    result = g_new0(GuestHostName, 1);
+    result->host_name = g_steal_pointer(&hostname);
     return result;
 }
 
diff --git a/qga/main.c b/qga/main.c
index f0e454f..3febf3b 100644
--- a/qga/main.c
+++ b/qga/main.c
@@ -531,7 +531,11 @@
     QString *payload_qstr, *response_qstr;
     GIOStatus status;
 
-    g_assert(rsp && s->channel);
+    g_assert(s->channel);
+
+    if (!rsp) {
+        return 0;
+    }
 
     payload_qstr = qobject_to_json(QOBJECT(rsp));
     if (!payload_qstr) {
diff --git a/qga/vss-win32/install.cpp b/qga/vss-win32/install.cpp
index a456841..40de133 100644
--- a/qga/vss-win32/install.cpp
+++ b/qga/vss-win32/install.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <comdef.h>
 #include <comutil.h>
 #include <sddl.h>
+#include <winsvc.h>
 
 #define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
 
@@ -509,26 +510,32 @@
     }
 }
 
-/* Stop QGA VSS provider service from COM+ Application Admin Catalog */
-
+/* Stop QGA VSS provider service using Winsvc API  */
 STDAPI StopService(void)
 {
     HRESULT hr;
-    COMInitializer initializer;
-    COMPointer<IUnknown> pUnknown;
-    COMPointer<ICOMAdminCatalog2> pCatalog;
+    SC_HANDLE manager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
+    SC_HANDLE service = NULL;
 
-    int count = 0;
+    if (!manager) {
+        errmsg(E_FAIL, "Failed to open service manager");
+        hr = E_FAIL;
+        goto out;
+    }
+    service = OpenService(manager, QGA_PROVIDER_NAME, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
 
-    chk(QGAProviderFind(QGAProviderCount, (void *)&count));
-    if (count) {
-        chk(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_COMAdminCatalog, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
-            IID_IUnknown, (void **)pUnknown.replace()));
-        chk(pUnknown->QueryInterface(IID_ICOMAdminCatalog2,
-            (void **)pCatalog.replace()));
-        chk(pCatalog->ShutdownApplication(_bstr_t(QGA_PROVIDER_LNAME)));
+    if (!service) {
+        errmsg(E_FAIL, "Failed to open service");
+        hr =  E_FAIL;
+        goto out;
+    }
+    if (!(ControlService(service, SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, NULL))) {
+        errmsg(E_FAIL, "Failed to stop service");
+        hr = E_FAIL;
     }
 
 out:
+    CloseServiceHandle(service);
+    CloseServiceHandle(manager);
     return hr;
 }
diff --git a/scripts/performance/dissect.py b/scripts/performance/dissect.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bf24f50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/performance/dissect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+#  Print the percentage of instructions spent in each phase of QEMU
+#  execution.
+#
+#  Syntax:
+#  dissect.py [-h] -- <qemu executable> [<qemu executable options>] \
+#                   <target executable> [<target executable options>]
+#
+#  [-h] - Print the script arguments help message.
+#
+#  Example of usage:
+#  dissect.py -- qemu-arm coulomb_double-arm
+#
+#  This file is a part of the project "TCG Continuous Benchmarking".
+#
+#  Copyright (C) 2020  Ahmed Karaman <ahmedkhaledkaraman@gmail.com>
+#  Copyright (C) 2020  Aleksandar Markovic <aleksandar.qemu.devel@gmail.com>
+#
+#  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+#  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+#  the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+#  (at your option) any later version.
+#
+#  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+#  GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+#  along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+
+
+def get_JIT_line(callgrind_data):
+    """
+    Search for the first instance of the JIT call in
+    the callgrind_annotate output when ran using --tree=caller
+    This is equivalent to the self number of instructions of JIT.
+
+    Parameters:
+    callgrind_data (list): callgrind_annotate output
+
+    Returns:
+    (int): Line number
+    """
+    line = -1
+    for i in range(len(callgrind_data)):
+        if callgrind_data[i].strip('\n') and \
+                callgrind_data[i].split()[-1] == "[???]":
+            line = i
+            break
+    if line == -1:
+        sys.exit("Couldn't locate the JIT call ... Exiting.")
+    return line
+
+
+def main():
+    # Parse the command line arguments
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        usage='dissect.py [-h] -- '
+        '<qemu executable> [<qemu executable options>] '
+        '<target executable> [<target executable options>]')
+
+    parser.add_argument('command', type=str, nargs='+', help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    # Extract the needed variables from the args
+    command = args.command
+
+    # Insure that valgrind is installed
+    check_valgrind = subprocess.run(
+        ["which", "valgrind"], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+    if check_valgrind.returncode:
+        sys.exit("Please install valgrind before running the script.")
+
+    # Save all intermediate files in a temporary directory
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname:
+        # callgrind output file path
+        data_path = os.path.join(tmpdirname, "callgrind.data")
+        # callgrind_annotate output file path
+        annotate_out_path = os.path.join(tmpdirname, "callgrind_annotate.out")
+
+        # Run callgrind
+        callgrind = subprocess.run((["valgrind",
+                                     "--tool=callgrind",
+                                     "--callgrind-out-file=" + data_path]
+                                    + command),
+                                   stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                                   stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        if callgrind.returncode:
+            sys.exit(callgrind.stderr.decode("utf-8"))
+
+        # Save callgrind_annotate output
+        with open(annotate_out_path, "w") as output:
+            callgrind_annotate = subprocess.run(
+                ["callgrind_annotate", data_path, "--tree=caller"],
+                stdout=output,
+                stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+            if callgrind_annotate.returncode:
+                sys.exit(callgrind_annotate.stderr.decode("utf-8"))
+
+        # Read the callgrind_annotate output to callgrind_data[]
+        callgrind_data = []
+        with open(annotate_out_path, 'r') as data:
+            callgrind_data = data.readlines()
+
+        # Line number with the total number of instructions
+        total_instructions_line_number = 20
+        # Get the total number of instructions
+        total_instructions_line_data = \
+            callgrind_data[total_instructions_line_number]
+        total_instructions = total_instructions_line_data.split()[0]
+        total_instructions = int(total_instructions.replace(',', ''))
+
+        # Line number with the JIT self number of instructions
+        JIT_self_instructions_line_number = get_JIT_line(callgrind_data)
+        # Get the JIT self number of instructions
+        JIT_self_instructions_line_data = \
+            callgrind_data[JIT_self_instructions_line_number]
+        JIT_self_instructions = JIT_self_instructions_line_data.split()[0]
+        JIT_self_instructions = int(JIT_self_instructions.replace(',', ''))
+
+        # Line number with the JIT self + inclusive number of instructions
+        # It's the line above the first JIT call when running with --tree=caller
+        JIT_total_instructions_line_number = JIT_self_instructions_line_number-1
+        # Get the JIT self + inclusive number of instructions
+        JIT_total_instructions_line_data = \
+            callgrind_data[JIT_total_instructions_line_number]
+        JIT_total_instructions = JIT_total_instructions_line_data.split()[0]
+        JIT_total_instructions = int(JIT_total_instructions.replace(',', ''))
+
+        # Calculate number of instructions in helpers and code generation
+        helpers_instructions = JIT_total_instructions-JIT_self_instructions
+        code_generation_instructions = total_instructions-JIT_total_instructions
+
+        # Print results (Insert commas in large numbers)
+        # Print total number of instructions
+        print('{:<20}{:>20}\n'.
+              format("Total Instructions:",
+                     format(total_instructions, ',')))
+        # Print code generation instructions and percentage
+        print('{:<20}{:>20}\t{:>6.3f}%'.
+              format("Code Generation:",
+                     format(code_generation_instructions, ","),
+                     (code_generation_instructions / total_instructions) * 100))
+        # Print JIT instructions and percentage
+        print('{:<20}{:>20}\t{:>6.3f}%'.
+              format("JIT Execution:",
+                     format(JIT_self_instructions, ","),
+                     (JIT_self_instructions / total_instructions) * 100))
+        # Print helpers instructions and percentage
+        print('{:<20}{:>20}\t{:>6.3f}%'.
+              format("Helpers:",
+                     format(helpers_instructions, ","),
+                     (helpers_instructions/total_instructions)*100))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/scripts/render_block_graph.py b/scripts/render_block_graph.py
index 409b432..da6acf0 100755
--- a/scripts/render_block_graph.py
+++ b/scripts/render_block_graph.py
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@
 from graphviz import Digraph
 
 sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', 'python'))
-from qemu.machine import MonitorResponseError
+from qemu.qmp import (
+    QEMUMonitorProtocol,
+    QMPResponseError,
+)
 
 
 def perm(arr):
@@ -102,7 +105,7 @@
         reply = json.loads(subprocess.check_output(ar))
 
         if 'error' in reply:
-            raise MonitorResponseError(reply)
+            raise QMPResponseError(reply)
 
         return reply['return']
 
diff --git a/target/riscv/cpu.h b/target/riscv/cpu.h
index eef20ca..a804a5d 100644
--- a/target/riscv/cpu.h
+++ b/target/riscv/cpu.h
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
 FIELD(VTYPE, VSEW, 2, 3)
 FIELD(VTYPE, VEDIV, 5, 2)
 FIELD(VTYPE, RESERVED, 7, sizeof(target_ulong) * 8 - 9)
-FIELD(VTYPE, VILL, sizeof(target_ulong) * 8 - 2, 1)
+FIELD(VTYPE, VILL, sizeof(target_ulong) * 8 - 1, 1)
 
 struct CPURISCVState {
     target_ulong gpr[32];
diff --git a/target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.inc.c b/target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.inc.c
index dc333e6..c0b7375 100644
--- a/target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.inc.c
+++ b/target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.inc.c
@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@
 
 static void gen_vec_rsub16_i64(TCGv_i64 d, TCGv_i64 a, TCGv_i64 b)
 {
-    tcg_gen_vec_sub8_i64(d, b, a);
+    tcg_gen_vec_sub16_i64(d, b, a);
 }
 
 static void gen_rsub_i32(TCGv_i32 ret, TCGv_i32 arg1, TCGv_i32 arg2)
@@ -958,22 +958,27 @@
 static void tcg_gen_gvec_rsubs(unsigned vece, uint32_t dofs, uint32_t aofs,
                                TCGv_i64 c, uint32_t oprsz, uint32_t maxsz)
 {
+    static const TCGOpcode vecop_list[] = { INDEX_op_sub_vec, 0 };
     static const GVecGen2s rsub_op[4] = {
         { .fni8 = gen_vec_rsub8_i64,
           .fniv = gen_rsub_vec,
           .fno = gen_helper_vec_rsubs8,
+          .opt_opc = vecop_list,
           .vece = MO_8 },
         { .fni8 = gen_vec_rsub16_i64,
           .fniv = gen_rsub_vec,
           .fno = gen_helper_vec_rsubs16,
+          .opt_opc = vecop_list,
           .vece = MO_16 },
         { .fni4 = gen_rsub_i32,
           .fniv = gen_rsub_vec,
           .fno = gen_helper_vec_rsubs32,
+          .opt_opc = vecop_list,
           .vece = MO_32 },
         { .fni8 = gen_rsub_i64,
           .fniv = gen_rsub_vec,
           .fno = gen_helper_vec_rsubs64,
+          .opt_opc = vecop_list,
           .prefer_i64 = TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64,
           .vece = MO_64 },
     };
@@ -1146,7 +1151,7 @@
     if (opivx_widen_check(s, a)) {
         return opivx_trans(a->rd, a->rs1, a->rs2, a->vm, fn, s);
     }
-    return true;
+    return false;
 }
 
 #define GEN_OPIVX_WIDEN_TRANS(NAME) \
diff --git a/target/riscv/pmp.c b/target/riscv/pmp.c
index 9418660..2a2b9f5 100644
--- a/target/riscv/pmp.c
+++ b/target/riscv/pmp.c
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
 
     case PMP_AMATCH_NA4:
         sa = this_addr << 2; /* shift up from [xx:0] to [xx+2:2] */
-        ea = (this_addr + 4u) - 1u;
+        ea = (sa + 4u) - 1u;
         break;
 
     case PMP_AMATCH_NAPOT:
diff --git a/tcg/riscv/tcg-target.inc.c b/tcg/riscv/tcg-target.inc.c
index 2bc0ba71..3c11ab8 100644
--- a/tcg/riscv/tcg-target.inc.c
+++ b/tcg/riscv/tcg-target.inc.c
@@ -502,10 +502,8 @@
         break;
     case R_RISCV_JAL:
         return reloc_jimm20(code_ptr, (tcg_insn_unit *)value);
-        break;
     case R_RISCV_CALL:
         return reloc_call(code_ptr, (tcg_insn_unit *)value);
-        break;
     default:
         tcg_abort();
     }
diff --git a/tests/acceptance/boot_linux_console.py b/tests/acceptance/boot_linux_console.py
index 3d02519..73cc69c 100644
--- a/tests/acceptance/boot_linux_console.py
+++ b/tests/acceptance/boot_linux_console.py
@@ -28,6 +28,22 @@
 except CmdNotFoundError:
     P7ZIP_AVAILABLE = False
 
+"""
+Round up to next power of 2
+"""
+def pow2ceil(x):
+    return 1 if x == 0 else 2**(x - 1).bit_length()
+
+"""
+Expand file size to next power of 2
+"""
+def image_pow2ceil_expand(path):
+        size = os.path.getsize(path)
+        size_aligned = pow2ceil(size)
+        if size != size_aligned:
+            with open(path, 'ab+') as fd:
+                fd.truncate(size_aligned)
+
 class LinuxKernelTest(Test):
     KERNEL_COMMON_COMMAND_LINE = 'printk.time=0 '
 
@@ -191,6 +207,8 @@
                                                 'Debian')
         exec_command_and_wait_for_pattern(self, 'reboot',
                                                 'reboot: Restarting system')
+        # Wait for VM to shut down gracefully
+        self.vm.wait()
 
     @skipUnless(os.getenv('AVOCADO_ALLOW_UNTRUSTED_CODE'), 'untrusted code')
     def test_mips64el_malta_5KEc_cpio(self):
@@ -231,6 +249,8 @@
                                                 '3.19.3.mtoman.20150408')
         exec_command_and_wait_for_pattern(self, 'reboot',
                                                 'reboot: Restarting system')
+        # Wait for VM to shut down gracefully
+        self.vm.wait()
 
     def do_test_mips_malta32el_nanomips(self, kernel_url, kernel_hash):
         kernel_path_xz = self.fetch_asset(kernel_url, asset_hash=kernel_hash)
@@ -504,8 +524,7 @@
                                                 'Allwinner sun4i/sun5i')
         exec_command_and_wait_for_pattern(self, 'cat /proc/iomem',
                                                 'system-control@1c00000')
-        exec_command_and_wait_for_pattern(self, 'reboot',
-                                                'reboot: Restarting system')
+        # cubieboard's reboot is not functioning; omit reboot test.
 
     def test_arm_cubieboard_sata(self):
         """
@@ -548,8 +567,7 @@
                                                 'Allwinner sun4i/sun5i')
         exec_command_and_wait_for_pattern(self, 'cat /proc/partitions',
                                                 'sda')
-        exec_command_and_wait_for_pattern(self, 'reboot',
-                                                'reboot: Restarting system')
+        # cubieboard's reboot is not functioning; omit reboot test.
 
     def test_arm_orangepi(self):
         """
@@ -615,11 +633,14 @@
                                                 'system-control@1c00000')
         exec_command_and_wait_for_pattern(self, 'reboot',
                                                 'reboot: Restarting system')
+        # Wait for VM to shut down gracefully
+        self.vm.wait()
 
     def test_arm_orangepi_sd(self):
         """
         :avocado: tags=arch:arm
         :avocado: tags=machine:orangepi-pc
+        :avocado: tags=device:sd
         """
         deb_url = ('https://apt.armbian.com/pool/main/l/'
                    'linux-4.20.7-sunxi/linux-image-dev-sunxi_5.75_armhf.deb')
@@ -635,6 +656,7 @@
         rootfs_path_xz = self.fetch_asset(rootfs_url, asset_hash=rootfs_hash)
         rootfs_path = os.path.join(self.workdir, 'rootfs.cpio')
         archive.lzma_uncompress(rootfs_path_xz, rootfs_path)
+        image_pow2ceil_expand(rootfs_path)
 
         self.vm.set_console()
         kernel_command_line = (self.KERNEL_COMMON_COMMAND_LINE +
@@ -662,6 +684,8 @@
             '3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss')
         exec_command_and_wait_for_pattern(self, 'reboot',
                                                 'reboot: Restarting system')
+        # Wait for VM to shut down gracefully
+        self.vm.wait()
 
     @skipUnless(os.getenv('AVOCADO_ALLOW_LARGE_STORAGE'), 'storage limited')
     @skipUnless(P7ZIP_AVAILABLE, '7z not installed')
@@ -669,9 +693,10 @@
         """
         :avocado: tags=arch:arm
         :avocado: tags=machine:orangepi-pc
+        :avocado: tags=device:sd
         """
 
-        # This test download a 196MB compressed image and expand it to 932MB...
+        # This test download a 196MB compressed image and expand it to 1GB
         image_url = ('https://dl.armbian.com/orangepipc/archive/'
                      'Armbian_19.11.3_Orangepipc_bionic_current_5.3.9.7z')
         image_hash = '196a8ffb72b0123d92cea4a070894813d305c71e'
@@ -679,6 +704,7 @@
         image_name = 'Armbian_19.11.3_Orangepipc_bionic_current_5.3.9.img'
         image_path = os.path.join(self.workdir, image_name)
         process.run("7z e -o%s %s" % (self.workdir, image_path_7z))
+        image_pow2ceil_expand(image_path)
 
         self.vm.set_console()
         self.vm.add_args('-drive', 'file=' + image_path + ',if=sd,format=raw',
@@ -710,8 +736,9 @@
         """
         :avocado: tags=arch:arm
         :avocado: tags=machine:orangepi-pc
+        :avocado: tags=device:sd
         """
-        # This test download a 304MB compressed image and expand it to 1.3GB...
+        # This test download a 304MB compressed image and expand it to 2GB
         deb_url = ('http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/'
                    '20200108T145233Z/pool/main/u/u-boot/'
                    'u-boot-sunxi_2020.01%2Bdfsg-1_armhf.deb')
@@ -728,8 +755,9 @@
         image_hash = '2babb29d36d8360adcb39c09e31060945259917a'
         image_path_gz = self.fetch_asset(image_url, asset_hash=image_hash)
         image_path = os.path.join(self.workdir, 'armv7.img')
-        image_drive_args = 'if=sd,format=raw,snapshot=on,file=' + image_path
         archive.gzip_uncompress(image_path_gz, image_path)
+        image_pow2ceil_expand(image_path)
+        image_drive_args = 'if=sd,format=raw,snapshot=on,file=' + image_path
 
         # dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=armv7.img bs=1K seek=8 conv=notrunc
         with open(uboot_path, 'rb') as f_in:
@@ -737,12 +765,6 @@
                 f_out.seek(8 * 1024)
                 shutil.copyfileobj(f_in, f_out)
 
-                # Extend image, to avoid that NetBSD thinks the partition
-                # inside the image is larger than device size itself
-                f_out.seek(0, 2)
-                f_out.seek(64 * 1024 * 1024, 1)
-                f_out.write(bytearray([0x00]))
-
         self.vm.set_console()
         self.vm.add_args('-nic', 'user',
                          '-drive', image_drive_args,
diff --git a/tests/acceptance/linux_ssh_mips_malta.py b/tests/acceptance/linux_ssh_mips_malta.py
index 90d7f2f..25c5c5f 100644
--- a/tests/acceptance/linux_ssh_mips_malta.py
+++ b/tests/acceptance/linux_ssh_mips_malta.py
@@ -212,6 +212,8 @@
 
         self.run_common_commands(wordsize)
         self.shutdown_via_ssh()
+        # Wait for VM to shut down gracefully
+        self.vm.wait()
 
     def test_mips_malta32eb_kernel3_2_0(self):
         """
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/017 b/tests/qemu-iotests/017
index 0a4b854..585512b 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/017
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/017
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 echo
 
 TEST_IMG=$TEST_IMG_SAVE
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 6G
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT 6G
 
 echo "Filling test image"
 echo
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/017.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/017.out
index 8fc9241..f439d3e 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/017.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/017.out
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@
 No errors were found on the image.
 Creating test image with backing file
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 Filling test image
 
 === IO: pattern 1
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/018 b/tests/qemu-iotests/018
index c69ce09..191b461 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/018
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/018
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 echo
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG_SAVE.orig"
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG_SAVE.base" 6G
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG_SAVE.base" -F $IMGFMT 6G
 
 echo "Filling test image"
 echo
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/018.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/018.out
index 5df9667..0ab664c 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/018.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/018.out
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@
 No errors were found on the image.
 Creating test image with backing file
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.orig', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.orig', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 Filling test image
 
 === IO: pattern 1
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/019 b/tests/qemu-iotests/019
index 813a84a..d3c1125 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/019
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/019
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 echo
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG_SAVE.orig"
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG_SAVE.base" 6G
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG_SAVE.base" -F $IMGFMT 6G
 
 echo "Filling test image"
 echo
@@ -98,7 +98,8 @@
     echo
     echo Testing conversion with $backing_option"$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_testdir | _filter_imgfmt
     echo
-    $QEMU_IMG convert -f $IMGFMT -O $IMGFMT $backing_option"$TEST_IMG.base" "$TEST_IMG.orig" "$TEST_IMG"
+    $QEMU_IMG convert -f $IMGFMT -O $IMGFMT $backing_option"$TEST_IMG.base" \
+        -o backing_fmt=$IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG.orig" "$TEST_IMG"
 
     echo "Checking if backing clusters are allocated when they shouldn't"
     echo
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/019.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/019.out
index 17a7c03..0fa73bd 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/019.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/019.out
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@
 No errors were found on the image.
 Creating test image with backing file
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.orig', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.orig', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 Filling test image
 
 === IO: pattern 43
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/020 b/tests/qemu-iotests/020
index 20f8f18..a078293 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/020
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/020
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 echo
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG_SAVE"
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 6G
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT 6G
 
 echo "Filling test image"
 echo
@@ -115,18 +115,23 @@
 # Create an image with a null backing file to which committing will fail (with
 # ENOSPC so we can distinguish the result from some generic EIO which may be
 # generated anywhere in the block layer)
-_make_test_img -b "json:{'driver': '$IMGFMT',
-                         'file': {
-                             'driver': 'blkdebug',
-                             'inject-error': [{
-                                 'event': 'write_aio',
-                                 'errno': 28,
-                                 'once': true
-                             }],
-                             'image': {
-                                 'driver': 'file',
-                                 'filename': '$TEST_IMG.base'
-                             }}}"
+backing="json:{'driver': '$IMGFMT',
+               'file': {
+                   'driver': 'blkdebug',
+                   'inject-error': [{
+                       'event': 'write_aio',
+                       'errno': 28,
+                       'once': true
+                   }],
+                   'image': {
+                       'driver': 'file',
+                       'filename': '$TEST_IMG.base'
+                   }}}"
+
+# Filter out newlines and collapse spaces
+backing=$(echo "$backing" | tr -d '\n' | tr -s ' ')
+
+_make_test_img -b "$backing" -F $IMGFMT
 
 # Just write anything so committing will not be a no-op
 $QEMU_IO -c 'writev 0 64k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/020.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/020.out
index 4b722b2..5936bc1 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/020.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/020.out
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@
 No errors were found on the image.
 Creating test image with backing file
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 Filling test image
 
 === IO: pattern 1
@@ -1079,18 +1079,7 @@
 Testing failing commit
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=json:{'driver': 'IMGFMT',,
-                         'file': {
-                             'driver': 'blkdebug',,
-                             'inject-error': [{
-                                 'event': 'write_aio',,
-                                 'errno': 28,,
-                                 'once': true
-                             }],,
-                             'image': {
-                                 'driver': 'file',,
-                                 'filename': 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base'
-                             }}}
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=json:{'driver': 'IMGFMT',, 'file': { 'driver': 'blkdebug',, 'inject-error': [{ 'event': 'write_aio',, 'errno': 28,, 'once': true }],, 'image': { 'driver': 'file',, 'filename': 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base' }}} backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 0
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 qemu-img: Block job failed: No space left on device
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/024 b/tests/qemu-iotests/024
index e2e7662..12aceb2 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/024
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/024
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 echo "Creating COW image"
 echo
 
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base_old" 1G
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base_old" -F $IMGFMT 1G
 io_pattern writev 0 $((4 * CLUSTER_SIZE)) 0 1 0x33
 io_pattern writev $((8 * CLUSTER_SIZE)) $((4 * CLUSTER_SIZE)) 0 1 0x33
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
 echo
 echo Rebase and test again
 echo
-$QEMU_IMG rebase -b "$TEST_IMG.base_new" "$TEST_IMG"
+$QEMU_IMG rebase -b "$TEST_IMG.base_new" -F $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG"
 io_pattern readv $((0 * CLUSTER_SIZE)) $CLUSTER_SIZE 0 1 0x33
 io_pattern readv $((1 * CLUSTER_SIZE)) $CLUSTER_SIZE 0 1 0x33
 io_pattern readv $((2 * CLUSTER_SIZE)) $CLUSTER_SIZE 0 1 0x33
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
 
 TEST_IMG=$BASE_OLD _make_test_img 1M
 TEST_IMG=$BASE_NEW _make_test_img 1M
-TEST_IMG=$OVERLAY _make_test_img -b "$BASE_OLD_OREL" 1M
+TEST_IMG=$OVERLAY _make_test_img -b "$BASE_OLD_OREL" -F $IMGFMT 1M
 
 echo
 
@@ -176,11 +176,11 @@
 echo
 
 pushd "$TEST_DIR" >/dev/null
-$QEMU_IMG rebase -f "$IMGFMT" -b "$BASE_NEW_OREL" "$OVERLAY_WREL"
+$QEMU_IMG rebase -f "$IMGFMT" -b "$BASE_NEW_OREL" -F $IMGFMT "$OVERLAY_WREL"
 popd >/dev/null
 
 # Verify the backing path is correct
-TEST_IMG=$OVERLAY _img_info | grep '^backing file'
+TEST_IMG=$OVERLAY _img_info | grep '^backing file:'
 
 echo
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/024.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/024.out
index 024dc78..973a5a3 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/024.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/024.out
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 128 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 Creating COW image
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1073741824 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base_old
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1073741824 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base_old backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 === IO: pattern 0x33
 wrote 262144/262144 bytes at offset 0
 256 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/subdir/t.IMGFMT.base_old', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/subdir/t.IMGFMT.base_new', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/subdir/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=t.IMGFMT.base_old
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/subdir/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=t.IMGFMT.base_old backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 wrote 131072/131072 bytes at offset 0
 128 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/028 b/tests/qemu-iotests/028
index 797dae5..5d043ce 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/028
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/028
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
 echo
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG_SAVE"
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $image_size
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $image_size
 
 echo "Filling test image"
 echo
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 _check_test_img
 
 # Rebase it on top of its base image
-$QEMU_IMG rebase -b "$TEST_IMG.base" "$TEST_IMG"
+$QEMU_IMG rebase -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG"
 
 echo
 echo block-backup
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/028.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/028.out
index 37aed84..12f82c6 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/028.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/028.out
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 No errors were found on the image.
 Creating test image with backing file
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=4294968832 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=4294968832 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 Filling test image
 
 === IO: pattern 196
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/030 b/tests/qemu-iotests/030
index 1cdd7e2..256b2bf 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/030
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/030
@@ -32,8 +32,12 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         iotests.create_image(backing_img, TestSingleDrive.image_len)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, mid_img)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % mid_img, test_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img,
+                 '-F', 'raw', mid_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % mid_img,
+                 '-F', iotests.imgfmt, test_img)
         qemu_io('-f', 'raw', '-c', 'write -P 0x1 0 512', backing_img)
         qemu_io('-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-c', 'write -P 0x1 524288 512', mid_img)
         self.vm = iotests.VM().add_drive("blkdebug::" + test_img,
@@ -199,7 +203,8 @@
         iotests.create_image(self.imgs[0], self.image_len)
         for i in range(1, self.num_imgs):
             qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
-                     '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % self.imgs[i-1], self.imgs[i])
+                     '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % self.imgs[i-1],
+                     '-F', 'raw' if i == 1 else iotests.imgfmt, self.imgs[i])
 
         # Put data into the images we are copying data from
         odd_img_indexes = [x for x in reversed(range(self.num_imgs)) if x % 2 == 1]
@@ -544,7 +549,8 @@
             qemu_io('-f', iotests.imgfmt,
                     '-c', 'write -P 0x55 0 1024', backing_img)
             qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
-                     '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, child_img)
+                     '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img,
+                     '-F', iotests.imgfmt, child_img)
             opts.append("children.%d.file.filename=%s" % (i, child_img))
             opts.append("children.%d.node-name=node%d" % (i, i))
 
@@ -585,7 +591,9 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         iotests.create_image(backing_img, self.backing_len)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, test_img, str(self.image_len))
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img,
+                 '-F', 'raw', test_img, str(self.image_len))
         self.vm = iotests.VM().add_drive(test_img)
         self.vm.launch()
 
@@ -848,7 +856,9 @@
     def setUp(self):
         qemu_img('create', backing_img, str(TestStreamStop.image_len))
         qemu_io('-f', 'raw', '-c', 'write -P 0x1 0 32M', backing_img)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, test_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img,
+                 '-F', 'raw', test_img)
         qemu_io('-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-c', 'write -P 0x1 32M 32M', test_img)
         self.vm = iotests.VM().add_drive("blkdebug::" + test_img)
         self.vm.launch()
@@ -879,7 +889,9 @@
     def setUp(self):
         qemu_img('create', backing_img, str(TestSetSpeed.image_len))
         qemu_io('-f', 'raw', '-c', 'write -P 0x1 0 32M', backing_img)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, test_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img,
+                 '-F', 'raw', test_img)
         qemu_io('-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-c', 'write -P 0x1 32M 32M', test_img)
         self.vm = iotests.VM().add_drive('blkdebug::' + test_img)
         self.vm.launch()
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/034 b/tests/qemu-iotests/034
index da4cea1..ac2d687 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/034
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/034
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG_SAVE"
 
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 6G
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT 6G
 
 echo
 echo "== zero write with backing file =="
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/034.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/034.out
index 0764ead..478205a 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/034.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/034.out
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
 wrote 1048576/1048576 bytes at offset 0
 1 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 == zero write with backing file ==
 wrote 196608/196608 bytes at offset 65536
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/037 b/tests/qemu-iotests/037
index e6517ac..e1187ac 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/037
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/037
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG_SAVE"
 
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 6G
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT 6G
 
 echo
 echo "== COW in a single cluster =="
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/037.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/037.out
index cd6710c..30ef989 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/037.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/037.out
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 130560
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 == COW in a single cluster ==
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 0
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/038 b/tests/qemu-iotests/038
index 707e2d7..a253231f5 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/038
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/038
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG_SAVE"
 
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 6G
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT 6G
 
 echo
 echo "== Some concurrent requests touching the same cluster =="
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/038.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/038.out
index 0bdfb19..fe21085 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/038.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/038.out
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 16711680
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 == Some concurrent requests touching the same cluster ==
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset XXX
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/039 b/tests/qemu-iotests/039
index ddce48a..42f6503 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/039
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/039
@@ -133,7 +133,8 @@
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG".base _make_test_img -o "compat=1.1,lazy_refcounts=on" $size
 
-_make_test_img -o "compat=1.1,lazy_refcounts=on,backing_file=$TEST_IMG.base" $size
+_make_test_img -o "compat=1.1,lazy_refcounts=on,backing_file=$TEST_IMG.base" \
+    -F $IMGFMT $size
 
 $QEMU_IO -c "write 0 512" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IMG commit "$TEST_IMG"
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/039.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/039.out
index bdafa3a..e52484d 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/039.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/039.out
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 
 == Committing to a backing file with lazy_refcounts=on ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 0
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 Image committed.
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/040 b/tests/qemu-iotests/040
index 32c82b4..f58f50d 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/040
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/040
@@ -80,8 +80,11 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         iotests.create_image(backing_img, self.image_len)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, mid_img)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % mid_img, test_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, '-F', 'raw', mid_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % mid_img,
+                 '-F', iotests.imgfmt, test_img)
         qemu_io('-f', 'raw', '-c', 'write -P 0xab 0 524288', backing_img)
         qemu_io('-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-c', 'write -P 0xef 524288 524288', mid_img)
         self.vm = iotests.VM().add_drive(test_img, "node-name=top,backing.node-name=mid,backing.backing.node-name=base", interface="none")
@@ -305,10 +308,16 @@
             if exception.errno != errno.EEXIST:
                 raise
         iotests.create_image(self.backing_img_abs, TestRelativePaths.image_len)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % self.backing_img_abs, self.mid_img_abs)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % self.mid_img_abs, self.test_img)
-        qemu_img('rebase', '-u', '-b', self.backing_img, self.mid_img_abs)
-        qemu_img('rebase', '-u', '-b', self.mid_img, self.test_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % self.backing_img_abs,
+                 '-F', 'raw', self.mid_img_abs)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % self.mid_img_abs,
+                 '-F', iotests.imgfmt, self.test_img)
+        qemu_img('rebase', '-u', '-b', self.backing_img,
+                 '-F', 'raw', self.mid_img_abs)
+        qemu_img('rebase', '-u', '-b', self.mid_img,
+                 '-F', iotests.imgfmt, self.test_img)
         qemu_io('-f', 'raw', '-c', 'write -P 0xab 0 524288', self.backing_img_abs)
         qemu_io('-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-c', 'write -P 0xef 524288 524288', self.mid_img_abs)
         self.vm = iotests.VM().add_drive(self.test_img)
@@ -371,8 +380,11 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         qemu_img('create', backing_img, str(TestSetSpeed.image_len))
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, mid_img)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % mid_img, test_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, '-F', 'raw', mid_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % mid_img,
+                 '-F', iotests.imgfmt, test_img)
         qemu_io('-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-c', 'write -P 0x1 0 512', test_img)
         qemu_io('-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-c', 'write -P 0xef 524288 524288', mid_img)
         self.vm = iotests.VM().add_drive('blkdebug::' + test_img)
@@ -410,9 +422,14 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         iotests.create_image(self.img0, self.image_len)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % self.img0, self.img1)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % self.img1, self.img2)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % self.img2, self.img3)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % self.img0, '-F', 'raw', self.img1)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % self.img1,
+                 '-F', iotests.imgfmt, self.img2)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % self.img2,
+                 '-F', iotests.imgfmt, self.img3)
         qemu_io('-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-c', 'write -P 0xab 0 128K', self.img1)
         self.vm = iotests.VM().add_drive(self.img3)
         self.vm.launch()
@@ -435,8 +452,12 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         iotests.create_image(backing_img, self.image_len)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, mid_img)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % mid_img, test_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img,
+                 '-F', 'raw', mid_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % mid_img,
+                 '-F', iotests.imgfmt, test_img)
 
         qemu_io('-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-c', 'write -P 0x11 0 512k', mid_img)
         qemu_io('-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-c', 'write -P 0x22 0 512k', test_img)
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/041 b/tests/qemu-iotests/041
index b843f88..f0a7bf6 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/041
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/041
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         iotests.create_image(backing_img, self.image_len)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, test_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, '-F', 'raw', test_img)
         self.vm = iotests.VM().add_drive(test_img, "node-name=top,backing.node-name=base")
         if iotests.qemu_default_machine == 'pc':
             self.vm.add_drive(None, 'media=cdrom', 'ide')
@@ -157,7 +158,8 @@
         self.assert_no_active_block_jobs()
 
         qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'cluster_size=%d,backing_file=%s'
-                        % (self.image_len, backing_img), target_img)
+                        % (self.image_len, backing_img),
+                 '-F', 'raw', target_img)
         result = self.vm.qmp(self.qmp_cmd, device='drive0', sync='full',
                              mode='existing', target=self.qmp_target)
         self.assert_qmp(result, 'return', {})
@@ -227,7 +229,8 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         TestSingleDrive.setUp(self)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, target_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, '-F', 'raw', target_img)
         args = {'driver': iotests.imgfmt,
                 'node-name': self.qmp_target,
                 'file': { 'filename': target_img, 'driver': 'file' } }
@@ -312,7 +315,8 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         iotests.create_image(backing_img, TestMirrorNoBacking.image_len)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, test_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, '-F', 'raw', test_img)
         self.vm = iotests.VM().add_drive(test_img)
         self.vm.launch()
 
@@ -329,7 +333,8 @@
     def test_complete(self):
         self.assert_no_active_block_jobs()
 
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, target_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, '-F', 'raw', target_img)
         result = self.vm.qmp('drive-mirror', device='drive0', sync='full',
                              mode='existing', target=target_img)
         self.assert_qmp(result, 'return', {})
@@ -344,7 +349,8 @@
     def test_cancel(self):
         self.assert_no_active_block_jobs()
 
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, target_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, '-F', 'raw', target_img)
         result = self.vm.qmp('drive-mirror', device='drive0', sync='full',
                              mode='existing', target=target_img)
         self.assert_qmp(result, 'return', {})
@@ -363,7 +369,8 @@
         qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'size=%d'
                         %(TestMirrorNoBacking.image_len), target_backing_img)
         qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'cluster_size=%d,backing_file=%s'
-                        % (TestMirrorNoBacking.image_len, target_backing_img), target_img)
+                        % (TestMirrorNoBacking.image_len, target_backing_img),
+                 '-F', iotests.imgfmt, target_img)
 
         result = self.vm.qmp('drive-mirror', device='drive0', sync='full',
                              mode='existing', target=target_img)
@@ -382,7 +389,8 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         iotests.create_image(backing_img, TestMirrorResized.backing_len)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, test_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, '-F', 'raw', test_img)
         qemu_img('resize', test_img, '2M')
         self.vm = iotests.VM().add_drive(test_img)
         self.vm.launch()
@@ -528,7 +536,9 @@
         # Test COW into the target image.  The first half of the
         # cluster at MIRROR_GRANULARITY has to be copied from
         # backing_img, even though sync='top'.
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-ocluster_size=131072,backing_file=%s' %(backing_img), target_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-ocluster_size=131072,backing_file=%s' %(backing_img),
+                 '-F', 'raw', target_img)
         result = self.vm.qmp('drive-mirror', device='drive0', sync='top',
                              on_source_error='ignore',
                              mode='existing', target=target_img)
@@ -548,7 +558,8 @@
         self.vm.shutdown()
 
         # Detach blkdebug to compare images successfully
-        qemu_img('rebase', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-u', '-b', backing_img, test_img)
+        qemu_img('rebase', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-u', '-b', backing_img,
+                 '-F', 'raw', test_img)
         self.assertTrue(iotests.compare_images(test_img, target_img),
                         'target image does not match source after mirroring')
 
@@ -620,7 +631,8 @@
         self.blkdebug_file = target_img + ".blkdebug"
         iotests.create_image(backing_img, TestWriteErrors.image_len)
         self.create_blkdebug_file(self.blkdebug_file, "write_aio", 5)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-obacking_file=%s' %(backing_img), test_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-obacking_file=%s' %(backing_img), '-F', 'raw', test_img)
         self.vm = iotests.VM().add_drive(test_img)
         self.target_img = 'blkdebug:%s:%s' % (self.blkdebug_file, target_img)
         qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-osize=%d' %(TestWriteErrors.image_len), target_img)
@@ -715,7 +727,8 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         qemu_img('create', backing_img, str(TestSetSpeed.image_len))
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, test_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, '-F', 'raw', test_img)
         self.vm = iotests.VM().add_drive(test_img)
         self.vm.launch()
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/042 b/tests/qemu-iotests/042
index 0e85b35..e8f23a1 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/042
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/042
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@
 echo
 echo "== Rebasing the image =="
 
-$QEMU_IMG rebase -u -b "$TEST_IMG.orig" "$TEST_IMG"
-$QEMU_IMG rebase -b "$TEST_IMG.orig" "$TEST_IMG"
+$QEMU_IMG rebase -u -b "$TEST_IMG.orig" -F $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG"
+$QEMU_IMG rebase -b "$TEST_IMG.orig" -F $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG"
 _check_test_img
 
 # success, all done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/043 b/tests/qemu-iotests/043
index b102e49..3271737 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/043
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/043
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 
 size=128M
 _make_test_img $size
-$QEMU_IMG rebase -u -b "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG"
+$QEMU_IMG rebase -u -b "$TEST_IMG" -F $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG"
 
 echo
 echo "== backing file references self =="
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@
 
 _make_test_img $size
 mv "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG.base"
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $size
-$QEMU_IMG rebase -u -b "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $size
+$QEMU_IMG rebase -u -b "$TEST_IMG" -F $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG.base"
 
 echo
 echo "== parent references self =="
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@
 
 _make_test_img $size
 mv "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG.1.base"
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.1.base" $size
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.1.base" -F $IMGFMT $size
 mv "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG.2.base"
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.2.base" $size
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.2.base" -F $IMGFMT $size
 mv "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG.3.base"
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.3.base" $size
-$QEMU_IMG rebase -u -b "$TEST_IMG.2.base" "$TEST_IMG.1.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.3.base" -F $IMGFMT $size
+$QEMU_IMG rebase -u -b "$TEST_IMG.2.base" -F $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG.1.base"
 
 echo
 echo "== ancestor references another ancestor =="
@@ -76,17 +76,18 @@
 
 _make_test_img $size
 mv "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG.1.base"
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.1.base" $size
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.1.base" -F $IMGFMT $size
 mv "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG.2.base"
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.2.base" $size
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.2.base" -F $IMGFMT $size
 
 echo
 echo "== finite chain of length 3 (human) =="
-_img_info --backing-chain
+# Exclude backing format, since qed differs from qcow2 on what gets stored
+_img_info --backing-chain | grep -v '^backing file format:'
 
 echo
 echo "== finite chain of length 3 (json) =="
-_img_info --backing-chain --output=json
+_img_info --backing-chain --output=json | grep -v 'backing-filename-format'
 
 # success, all done
 echo "*** done"
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/043.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/043.out
index 0280f99..63ecb21 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/043.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/043.out
@@ -4,20 +4,20 @@
 == backing file references self ==
 qemu-img: Backing file 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT' creates an infinite loop.
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 == parent references self ==
 qemu-img: Backing file 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT' creates an infinite loop.
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.1.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.2.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.3.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.1.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.2.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.3.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 == ancestor references another ancestor ==
 qemu-img: Backing file 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.2.base' creates an infinite loop.
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.1.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.2.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.1.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.2.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 == finite chain of length 3 (human) ==
 image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/046 b/tests/qemu-iotests/046
index ecbe5fc..88b3363 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/046
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/046
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 
 mv "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG.base"
 
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 6G
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT 6G
 
 echo
 echo "== Some concurrent requests touching the same cluster =="
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/046.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/046.out
index 7078304..b022bcd 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/046.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/046.out
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 2031616
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=6442450944 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 == Some concurrent requests touching the same cluster ==
 blkdebug: Suspended request 'A'
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/049.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/049.out
index e779664..4c21dc7 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/049.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/049.out
@@ -167,12 +167,12 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=67108864 compat=1.1 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
 qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o compat=0.42 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 64M
-qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Invalid parameter '0.42'
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=67108864 compat=0.42 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Invalid parameter '0.42'
 
 qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o compat=foobar TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 64M
-qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Invalid parameter 'foobar'
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=67108864 compat=foobar lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Invalid parameter 'foobar'
 
 == Check preallocation option ==
 
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 preallocation=metadata compression_type=zlib size=67108864 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
 qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o preallocation=1234 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 64M
-qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Invalid parameter '1234'
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 preallocation=1234 compression_type=zlib size=67108864 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Invalid parameter '1234'
 
 == Check encryption option ==
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=67108864 compat=0.10 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
 qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o compat=0.10,lazy_refcounts=on TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 64M
-qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Lazy refcounts only supported with compatibility level 1.1 and above (use version=v3 or greater)
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=67108864 compat=0.10 lazy_refcounts=on refcount_bits=16
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Lazy refcounts only supported with compatibility level 1.1 and above (use version=v3 or greater)
 
 *** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/050 b/tests/qemu-iotests/050
index cdc5356..4b0a390 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/050
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/050
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG_SAVE"
 
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.old" $size
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.old" -F $IMGFMT $size
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z 0 1048576" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 
 echo
 echo "== Rebasing the image =="
 
-$QEMU_IMG rebase -b "$TEST_IMG.new" "$TEST_IMG"
+$QEMU_IMG rebase -b "$TEST_IMG.new" -F $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG"
 $QEMU_IO -c "read -P 0x00 0 1048576" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 
 # success, all done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/050.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/050.out
index 3602d58..ab3daed 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/050.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/050.out
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.new', fmt=IMGFMT size=10485760
 wrote 1048576/1048576 bytes at offset 0
 1 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=10485760 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.old
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=10485760 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.old backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 1048576/1048576 bytes at offset 0
 1 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/051 b/tests/qemu-iotests/051
index 034d3a3..bee2607 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/051
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/051
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 _make_test_img $size
 cp "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG.orig"
 mv "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG.base"
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $size
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $size
 
 echo
 echo === Unknown option ===
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/051.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/051.out
index 554c5ca..de4771b 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/051.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/051.out
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 QA output created by 051
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 === Unknown option ===
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/051.pc.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/051.pc.out
index da8ad87..f707471 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/051.pc.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/051.pc.out
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 QA output created by 051
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 === Unknown option ===
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/054.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/054.out
index e6ec430..71f18bb 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/054.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/054.out
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 QA output created by 054
 
 creating too large image (1 EB)
-qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: The image size is too large for file format 'IMGFMT' (try using a larger cluster size)
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1152921504606846976
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: The image size is too large for file format 'IMGFMT' (try using a larger cluster size)
 
 creating too large image (1 EB) using qcow2.py
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=4294967296
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/056 b/tests/qemu-iotests/056
index f73fc74..052456a 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/056
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/056
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         create_image(backing_img, TestSyncModesNoneAndTop.image_len)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, test_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                 '-o', 'backing_file=%s' % backing_img, '-F', 'raw', test_img)
         qemu_io('-c', 'write -P0x41 0 512', test_img)
         qemu_io('-c', 'write -P0xd5 1M 32k', test_img)
         qemu_io('-c', 'write -P0xdc 32M 124k', test_img)
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/059 b/tests/qemu-iotests/059
index 4c90fc0..dcc442b 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/059
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/059
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
 echo
 echo "=== Testing big twoGbMaxExtentFlat ==="
 _make_test_img -o "subformat=twoGbMaxExtentFlat" 1000G
-$QEMU_IMG info $TEST_IMG | _filter_testdir | sed -e 's/cid: [0-9]*/cid: XXXXXXXX/'
+_img_info --format-specific | _filter_img_info --format-specific
 _cleanup_test_img
 
 echo
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/059.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/059.out
index 39bf7e2..6d127e2 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/059.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/059.out
@@ -24,2014 +24,2013 @@
 
 === Testing big twoGbMaxExtentFlat ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1073741824000
-image: TEST_DIR/t.vmdk
-file format: vmdk
+image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
+file format: IMGFMT
 virtual size: 0.977 TiB (1073741824000 bytes)
-disk size: 1.97 MiB
 Format specific information:
-    cid: XXXXXXXX
-    parent cid: XXXXXXXX
+    cid: XXXXXXXXXX
+    parent cid: XXXXXXXXXX
     create type: twoGbMaxExtentFlat
     extents:
         [0]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f001.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f001.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [1]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f002.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f002.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [2]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f003.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f003.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [3]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f004.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f004.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [4]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f005.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f005.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [5]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f006.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f006.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [6]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f007.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f007.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [7]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f008.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f008.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [8]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f009.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f009.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [9]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f010.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f010.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [10]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f011.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f011.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [11]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f012.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f012.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [12]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f013.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f013.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [13]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f014.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f014.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [14]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f015.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f015.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [15]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f016.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f016.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [16]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f017.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f017.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [17]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f018.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f018.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [18]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f019.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f019.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [19]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f020.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f020.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [20]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f021.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f021.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [21]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f022.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f022.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [22]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f023.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f023.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [23]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f024.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f024.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [24]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f025.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f025.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [25]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f026.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f026.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [26]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f027.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f027.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [27]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f028.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f028.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [28]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f029.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f029.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [29]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f030.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f030.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [30]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f031.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f031.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [31]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f032.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f032.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [32]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f033.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f033.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [33]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f034.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f034.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [34]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f035.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f035.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [35]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f036.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f036.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [36]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f037.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f037.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [37]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f038.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f038.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [38]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f039.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f039.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [39]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f040.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f040.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [40]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f041.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f041.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [41]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f042.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f042.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [42]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f043.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f043.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [43]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f044.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f044.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [44]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f045.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f045.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [45]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f046.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f046.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [46]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f047.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f047.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [47]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f048.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f048.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [48]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f049.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f049.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [49]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f050.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f050.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [50]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f051.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f051.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [51]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f052.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f052.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [52]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f053.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f053.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [53]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f054.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f054.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [54]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f055.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f055.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [55]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f056.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f056.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [56]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f057.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f057.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [57]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f058.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f058.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [58]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f059.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f059.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [59]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f060.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f060.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [60]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f061.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f061.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [61]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f062.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f062.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [62]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f063.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f063.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [63]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f064.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f064.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [64]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f065.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f065.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [65]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f066.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f066.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [66]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f067.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f067.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [67]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f068.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f068.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [68]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f069.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f069.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [69]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f070.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f070.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [70]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f071.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f071.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [71]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f072.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f072.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [72]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f073.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f073.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [73]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f074.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f074.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [74]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f075.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f075.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [75]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f076.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f076.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [76]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f077.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f077.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [77]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f078.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f078.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [78]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f079.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f079.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [79]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f080.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f080.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [80]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f081.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f081.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [81]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f082.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f082.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [82]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f083.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f083.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [83]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f084.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f084.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [84]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f085.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f085.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [85]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f086.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f086.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [86]:
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             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f495.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f495.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [495]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f496.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f496.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [496]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f497.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f497.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [497]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f498.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f498.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [498]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f499.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f499.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
         [499]:
             virtual size: 2147483648
-            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f500.vmdk
+            filename: TEST_DIR/t-f500.IMGFMT
             format: FLAT
 
 === Testing malformed VMFS extent description line ===
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/060 b/tests/qemu-iotests/060
index 32c0ecc..94c0d5a 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/060
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/060
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
 
 $QEMU_IO -c 'write 0k 64k' "$BACKING_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 
-_make_test_img -b "$BACKING_IMG" 1G
+_make_test_img -b "$BACKING_IMG" -F $IMGFMT 1G
 # Write two clusters, the second one enforces creation of an L2 table after
 # the first data cluster.
 $QEMU_IO -c 'write 0k 64k' -c 'write 512M 64k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/060.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/060.out
index be5f870..e574c38 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/060.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/060.out
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=1073741824
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 0
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1073741824 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1073741824 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 0
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 536870912
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/061 b/tests/qemu-iotests/061
index 10eb243..08ddbdd 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/061
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/061
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
 echo
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" 64M
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 0x2a 0 128k" "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_qemu_io
-_make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 64M
+_make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT 64M
 $QEMU_IO -c "read -P 0x2a 0 128k" -c "write -z 0 64k" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IMG amend -o "compat=0.10" "$TEST_IMG"
 _check_test_img
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@
 echo
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" 64M
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 0x2a 0 128k" "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_qemu_io
-_make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 64M
+_make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT 64M
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z 0 64k" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IMG snapshot -c foo "$TEST_IMG"
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 0x42 0 128k" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@
 echo
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" 64M
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 0x2a 0 128k" "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_qemu_io
-_make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 64M
+_make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT 64M
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z 0 128k" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IMG snapshot -c foo "$TEST_IMG"
 $QEMU_IMG amend -o "compat=0.10" "$TEST_IMG"
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@
 echo "=== Testing progress report without snapshot ==="
 echo
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" 4G
-_make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 4G
+_make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT 4G
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z 0  64k" \
          -c "write -z 1G 64k" \
          -c "write -z 2G 64k" \
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@
 echo "=== Testing progress report with snapshot ==="
 echo
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" 4G
-_make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 4G
+_make_test_img -o "compat=1.1" -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT 4G
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z 0  64k" \
          -c "write -z 1G 64k" \
          -c "write -z 2G 64k" \
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/061.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/061.out
index b0f8bef..b2d2dfe 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/061.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/061.out
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/069 b/tests/qemu-iotests/069
index b997b12..a4da83b 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/069
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/069
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 echo "=== Creating an image with a backing file and deleting that file ==="
 echo
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $IMG_SIZE
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $IMG_SIZE
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $IMG_SIZE
 _rm_test_img "$TEST_IMG.base"
 # Just open the image and close it right again (this should print an error message)
 $QEMU_IO -c quit "$TEST_IMG" 2>&1 | _filter_testdir | _filter_imgfmt
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/069.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/069.out
index c78e8c2..126b4d2 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/069.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/069.out
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
 === Creating an image with a backing file and deleting that file ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=131072
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=131072 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=131072 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 qemu-io: can't open device TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Could not open backing file: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base': No such file or directory
 *** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/073 b/tests/qemu-iotests/073
index 23a1bdf..1dce478 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/073
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/073
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
 
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 0xa5 0 $size" "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_qemu_io
 
 echo
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/073.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/073.out
index de54524..7a718b5 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/073.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/073.out
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 == creating backing file ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 134217728/134217728 bytes at offset 0
 128 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/079.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/079.out
index aab922f..f65a9ca 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/079.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/079.out
@@ -9,6 +9,6 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=4294967296 preallocation=metadata
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=4294967296 preallocation=metadata
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=4294967296 preallocation=metadata
-qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Cluster size must be a power of two between 512 and 2048k
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=4294967296 preallocation=metadata
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Cluster size must be a power of two between 512 and 2048k
 *** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/082 b/tests/qemu-iotests/082
index 1998965..2135581 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/082
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/082
@@ -84,8 +84,10 @@
 run_qemu_img create -f $IMGFMT -o cluster_size=4k -o \? "$TEST_IMG" $size
 
 # Looks like a help option, but is part of the backing file name
-run_qemu_img create -f $IMGFMT -u -o backing_file="$TEST_IMG",,help "$TEST_IMG" $size
-run_qemu_img create -f $IMGFMT -u -o backing_file="$TEST_IMG",,\? "$TEST_IMG" $size
+run_qemu_img create -f $IMGFMT -u -o backing_file="$TEST_IMG",,help \
+    -F $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG" $size
+run_qemu_img create -f $IMGFMT -u -o backing_file="$TEST_IMG",,\? \
+    -F $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG" $size
 
 # Try to trick qemu-img into creating escaped commas
 run_qemu_img create -f $IMGFMT -o backing_file="$TEST_IMG", -o help "$TEST_IMG" $size
@@ -141,8 +143,8 @@
 run_qemu_img convert -O $IMGFMT -o cluster_size=4k -o \? "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".base
 
 # Looks like a help option, but is part of the backing file name
-run_qemu_img convert -O $IMGFMT -o backing_file="$TEST_IMG",,help "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".base
-run_qemu_img convert -O $IMGFMT -o backing_file="$TEST_IMG",,\? "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".base
+run_qemu_img convert -O $IMGFMT -o backing_fmt=$IMGFMT,backing_file="$TEST_IMG",,help "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".base
+run_qemu_img convert -O $IMGFMT -o backing_fmt=$IMGFMT,backing_file="$TEST_IMG",,\? "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".base
 
 # Try to trick qemu-img into creating escaped commas
 run_qemu_img convert -O $IMGFMT -o backing_file="$TEST_IMG", -o help "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".base
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/082.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/082.out
index a4a2b69..1728aff 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/082.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/082.out
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
@@ -110,6 +112,7 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
@@ -134,6 +137,7 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
@@ -158,6 +162,7 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
@@ -182,6 +187,7 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
@@ -206,6 +212,7 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
@@ -230,17 +237,18 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
   refcount_bits=<num>    - Width of a reference count entry in bits
   size=<size>            - Virtual disk size
 
-Testing: create -f qcow2 -u -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,help lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Testing: create -f qcow2 -u -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,help -F qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,help backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
-Testing: create -f qcow2 -u -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,? lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Testing: create -f qcow2 -u -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,? -F qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,? backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
 Testing: create -f qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2, -o help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
 qemu-img: Invalid option list: backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,
@@ -353,6 +361,7 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
@@ -377,6 +386,7 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
@@ -401,6 +411,7 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
@@ -425,6 +436,7 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
@@ -449,6 +461,7 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
@@ -473,6 +486,7 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
@@ -497,6 +511,7 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
@@ -521,16 +536,17 @@
   encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
   encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
   encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
+  extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
   lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
   nocow=<bool (on/off)>  - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
   preallocation=<str>    - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
   refcount_bits=<num>    - Width of a reference count entry in bits
   size=<size>            - Virtual disk size
 
-Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
+Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o backing_fmt=qcow2,backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
 qemu-img: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base': Could not open backing file: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,help': No such file or directory
 
-Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
+Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o backing_fmt=qcow2,backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
 qemu-img: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base': Could not open backing file: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,?': No such file or directory
 
 Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2, -o help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
@@ -767,10 +783,12 @@
   size=<size>            - Virtual disk size
 
 Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
+qemu-img: warning: Deprecated use of amend to alter the backing file; use qemu-img rebase instead
 
 Testing: rebase -u -b  -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
 
 Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
+qemu-img: warning: Deprecated use of amend to alter the backing file; use qemu-img rebase instead
 
 Testing: rebase -u -b  -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/085 b/tests/qemu-iotests/085
index dd3c993..e99eb44 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/085
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/085
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 {
     base_image="${TEST_DIR}/$((${1}-1))-${snapshot_virt0}"
     snapshot_file="${TEST_DIR}/${1}-${snapshot_virt0}"
-    TEST_IMG=$snapshot_file _make_test_img -u -b "${base_image}" "$size"
+    TEST_IMG=$snapshot_file _make_test_img -u -b "${base_image}" -F $IMGFMT "$size"
     do_blockdev_add "$1" "'backing': null, " "${snapshot_file}"
 }
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@
 SNAPSHOTS=$((${SNAPSHOTS}+1))
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img "$size"
-_make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.base" "$size"
+_make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.base" -F $IMGFMT "$size"
 do_blockdev_add ${SNAPSHOTS} "" "${TEST_IMG}"
 blockdev_snapshot ${SNAPSHOTS} error
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/085.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/085.out
index d68c06e..700658d 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/085.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/085.out
@@ -68,12 +68,12 @@
 
 === Create a couple of snapshots using blockdev-snapshot ===
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/11-snapshot-v0.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/10-snapshot-v0.IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/11-snapshot-v0.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/10-snapshot-v0.IMGFMT backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 { 'execute': 'blockdev-add', 'arguments': { 'driver': 'IMGFMT', 'node-name': 'snap_11', 'backing': null, 'file': { 'driver': 'file', 'filename': 'TEST_DIR/11-snapshot-v0.IMGFMT', 'node-name': 'file_11' } } }
 {"return": {}}
 { 'execute': 'blockdev-snapshot', 'arguments': { 'node': 'virtio0', 'overlay':'snap_11' } }
 {"return": {}}
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/12-snapshot-v0.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/11-snapshot-v0.IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/12-snapshot-v0.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/11-snapshot-v0.IMGFMT backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 { 'execute': 'blockdev-add', 'arguments': { 'driver': 'IMGFMT', 'node-name': 'snap_12', 'backing': null, 'file': { 'driver': 'file', 'filename': 'TEST_DIR/12-snapshot-v0.IMGFMT', 'node-name': 'file_12' } } }
 {"return": {}}
 { 'execute': 'blockdev-snapshot', 'arguments': { 'node': 'virtio0', 'overlay':'snap_12' } }
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 === Invalid command - snapshot node has a backing image ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 { 'execute': 'blockdev-add', 'arguments': { 'driver': 'IMGFMT', 'node-name': 'snap_13', 'file': { 'driver': 'file', 'filename': 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', 'node-name': 'file_13' } } }
 {"return": {}}
 { 'execute': 'blockdev-snapshot', 'arguments': { 'node': 'virtio0', 'overlay':'snap_13' } }
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/089 b/tests/qemu-iotests/089
index 059ad75..66c5415 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/089
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/089
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 echo "=== Testing correct handling of 'backing':null ==="
 echo
 
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $IMG_SIZE
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $IMG_SIZE
 
 # This should read 42
 $QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 42 0 512' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/089.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/089.out
index 20c8ce8..15682c2 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/089.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/089.out
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 === Testing correct handling of 'backing':null ===
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 read 512/512 bytes at offset 0
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 512/512 bytes at offset 0
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/095 b/tests/qemu-iotests/095
index 155ae86..77a5f0f 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/095
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/095
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size_smaller
 
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.snp1" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $size_larger
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.snp1" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $size_larger
 
-_make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.snp1" $size_larger
+_make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.snp1" -F $IMGFMT $size_larger
 
 echo
 echo "=== Base image info before commit and resize ==="
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/095.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/095.out
index 614e5cc..e66ced5 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/095.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/095.out
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 QA output created by 095
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=5242880
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.snp1', fmt=IMGFMT size=104857600 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=104857600 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.snp1
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.snp1', fmt=IMGFMT size=104857600 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=104857600 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.snp1 backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 === Base image info before commit and resize ===
 image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/097 b/tests/qemu-iotests/097
index 690f3d3..d910a8b 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/097
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/097
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@
 
 len=$((2100 * 1024 * 1024 + 512)) # larger than 2G, and not cluster aligned
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $len
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.itmd" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $len
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.itmd" $len
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.itmd" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $len
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.itmd" -F $IMGFMT $len
 
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 1 0x7ffd0000 192k" "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 2 0x7ffe0000 128k" "$TEST_IMG.itmd" | _filter_qemu_io
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/097.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/097.out
index f6705a1..3038dda 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/097.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/097.out
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 === Test pass 0 ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 196608/196608 bytes at offset 2147287040
 192 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 131072/131072 bytes at offset 2147352576
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
 === Test pass 1 ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 196608/196608 bytes at offset 2147287040
 192 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 131072/131072 bytes at offset 2147352576
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@
 === Test pass 2 ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 196608/196608 bytes at offset 2147287040
 192 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 131072/131072 bytes at offset 2147352576
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@
 === Test pass 3 ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 196608/196608 bytes at offset 2147287040
 192 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 131072/131072 bytes at offset 2147352576
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/098 b/tests/qemu-iotests/098
index 1e29d96..f2ccdd7 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/098
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/098
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 echo
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img 64M
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 64M
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT 64M
 
 # Some data that can be leaked when emptying the top image
 $QEMU_IO -c 'write 0 64k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/098.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/098.out
index 23cf371..6c73dd0 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/098.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/098.out
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 === l1_update ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 0
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 qemu-img: Failed to empty blkdebug:TEST_DIR/blkdebug.conf:TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Input/output error
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 === empty_image_prepare ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 0
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 qemu-img: Failed to empty blkdebug:TEST_DIR/blkdebug.conf:TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Input/output error
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 === reftable_update ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 0
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 qemu-img: Failed to empty blkdebug:TEST_DIR/blkdebug.conf:TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Input/output error
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 === refblock_alloc ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 0
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 qemu-img: Failed to empty blkdebug:TEST_DIR/blkdebug.conf:TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Input/output error
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/106 b/tests/qemu-iotests/106
index b5d1ec4..a20659d 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/106
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/106
@@ -51,7 +51,10 @@
         echo
         echo "--- create_mode=$create_mode growth_mode=$growth_mode ---"
 
-        _make_test_img -o "preallocation=$create_mode" ${CREATION_SIZE}K
+        # Our calculation below assumes kilobytes as unit for the actual size.
+        # Disable the extent size hint because it would give us a result in
+        # megabytes.
+        _make_test_img -o "preallocation=$create_mode,extent_size_hint=0" ${CREATION_SIZE}K
         $QEMU_IMG resize -f "$IMGFMT" --preallocation=$growth_mode "$TEST_IMG" +${GROWTH_SIZE}K
 
         expected_size=0
@@ -98,7 +101,7 @@
     # plain int.  We should use the correct type for the result, and
     # this tests we do.
 
-    _make_test_img 2G
+    _make_test_img -o "extent_size_hint=0" 2G
     $QEMU_IMG resize -f "$IMGFMT" --preallocation=$growth_mode "$TEST_IMG" +${GROWTH_SIZE}K
 
     actual_size=$($QEMU_IMG info -f "$IMGFMT" "$TEST_IMG" | grep 'disk size')
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/110 b/tests/qemu-iotests/110
index 139c02c..f1813d0 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/110
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/110
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 echo
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img 64M
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG_REL.base" 64M
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG_REL.base" -F $IMGFMT 64M
 # qemu should be able to reconstruct the filename, so relative backing names
 # should work
 # (We have to filter the backing file format because vmdk always
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
 echo
 
 # omit the image size; it should work anyway
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG_REL.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG_REL.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 echo
 echo '=== Nodes without a common directory ==='
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/110.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/110.out
index f835553..cf8f6c0 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/110.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/110.out
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 === Reconstructable filename ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
 file format: IMGFMT
 virtual size: 64 MiB (67108864 bytes)
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 === Backing name is always relative to the backed image ===
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 === Nodes without a common directory ===
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/111.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/111.out
index 5279c46..ba034e5 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/111.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/111.out
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 QA output created by 111
 qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.inexistent': No such file or directory
-Could not open backing image to determine size.
+Could not open backing image.
 *** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/112.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/112.out
index 182655d..dd3cc43 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/112.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/112.out
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 === refcount_bits limits ===
 
-qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Refcount width must be a power of two and may not exceed 64 bits
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
 qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Refcount width must be a power of two and may not exceed 64 bits
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
@@ -10,6 +9,7 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
 qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Refcount width must be a power of two and may not exceed 64 bits
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Refcount width must be a power of two and may not exceed 64 bits
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
 refcount bits: 1
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
 refcount bits: 16
-qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Different refcount widths than 16 bits require compatibility level 1.1 or above (use version=v3 or greater)
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
 qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Different refcount widths than 16 bits require compatibility level 1.1 or above (use version=v3 or greater)
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Different refcount widths than 16 bits require compatibility level 1.1 or above (use version=v3 or greater)
 
 === Snapshot limit on refcount_bits=1 ===
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/114 b/tests/qemu-iotests/114
index 26104ff..5a7b0a4 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/114
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/114
@@ -39,12 +39,21 @@
 _supported_fmt qcow2
 _supported_proto generic
 _unsupported_proto vxhs
+# At least OpenBSD doesn't seem to have truncate
+_supported_os Linux
 # qcow2.py does not work too well with external data files
 _unsupported_imgopts data_file
 
+# Intentionally specify backing file without backing format; demonstrate
+# the difference in warning messages when backing file could be probed.
+# Note that only a non-raw probe result will affect the resulting image.
+truncate -s $((64 * 1024 * 1024)) "$TEST_IMG.orig"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.orig" 64M
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img 64M
+$QEMU_IMG convert -O qcow2 -B "$TEST_IMG.orig" "$TEST_IMG.orig" "$TEST_IMG"
 _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 64M
+_make_test_img -u -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 64M
 
 # Set an invalid backing file format
 $PYTHON qcow2.py "$TEST_IMG" add-header-ext 0xE2792ACA "foo"
@@ -55,6 +64,11 @@
 $QEMU_IO -c "open $TEST_IMG" -c "read 0 4k" 2>&1 | _filter_qemu_io | _filter_testdir
 $QEMU_IO -c "open -o backing.driver=$IMGFMT $TEST_IMG" -c "read 0 4k" | _filter_qemu_io
 
+# Rebase the image, to show that omitting backing format triggers a warning,
+# but probing now lets us use the backing file.
+$QEMU_IMG rebase -u -b "$TEST_IMG.base" "$TEST_IMG"
+$QEMU_IO -c "open $TEST_IMG" -c "read 0 4k" 2>&1 | _filter_qemu_io | _filter_testdir
+
 # success, all done
 echo '*** done'
 rm -f $seq.full
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/114.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/114.out
index 67adef3..0a37d20 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/114.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/114.out
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 QA output created by 114
+qemu-img: warning: Deprecated use of backing file without explicit backing format (detected format of raw)
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.orig
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
+qemu-img: warning: Deprecated use of backing file without explicit backing format
+qemu-img: warning: Deprecated use of backing file without explicit backing format (detected format of IMGFMT)
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+qemu-img: warning: Deprecated use of unopened backing file without explicit backing format, use of this image requires potentially unsafe format probing
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
 image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
 file format: IMGFMT
@@ -11,4 +17,7 @@
 no file open, try 'help open'
 read 4096/4096 bytes at offset 0
 4 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+qemu-img: warning: Deprecated use of backing file without explicit backing format, use of this image requires potentially unsafe format probing
+read 4096/4096 bytes at offset 0
+4 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 *** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/122 b/tests/qemu-iotests/122
index f7a3ae6..dfd1cd0 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/122
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/122
@@ -52,9 +52,10 @@
 echo "=== Check allocation status regression with -B ==="
 echo
 
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG".base
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG".base -F $IMGFMT
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 0x22 0 3M" "$TEST_IMG" 2>&1 | _filter_qemu_io | _filter_testdir
-$QEMU_IMG convert -O $IMGFMT -B "$TEST_IMG".base "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
+$QEMU_IMG convert -O $IMGFMT -B "$TEST_IMG".base \
+    -o backing_fmt=$IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
 $QEMU_IMG map "$TEST_IMG".orig | _filter_qemu_img_map
 
 
@@ -62,18 +63,22 @@
 echo "=== Check that zero clusters are kept in overlay ==="
 echo
 
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG".base
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG".base -F $IMGFMT
 
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 0 0 3M" "$TEST_IMG" 2>&1 | _filter_qemu_io | _filter_testdir
-$QEMU_IMG convert -O $IMGFMT -B "$TEST_IMG".base "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
+$QEMU_IMG convert -O $IMGFMT -B "$TEST_IMG".base -o backing_fmt=$IMGFMT \
+    "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
 $QEMU_IO -c "read -P 0 0 3M" "$TEST_IMG".orig 2>&1 | _filter_qemu_io | _filter_testdir
-$QEMU_IMG convert -O $IMGFMT -c -B "$TEST_IMG".base "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
+$QEMU_IMG convert -O $IMGFMT -c -B "$TEST_IMG".base -o backing_fmt=$IMGFMT \
+    "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
 $QEMU_IO -c "read -P 0 0 3M" "$TEST_IMG".orig 2>&1 | _filter_qemu_io | _filter_testdir
 
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z 0 3M" "$TEST_IMG" 2>&1 | _filter_qemu_io | _filter_testdir
-$QEMU_IMG convert -O $IMGFMT -B "$TEST_IMG".base "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
+$QEMU_IMG convert -O $IMGFMT -B "$TEST_IMG".base -o backing_fmt=$IMGFMT \
+    "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
 $QEMU_IO -c "read -P 0 0 3M" "$TEST_IMG".orig 2>&1 | _filter_qemu_io | _filter_testdir
-$QEMU_IMG convert -O $IMGFMT -c -B "$TEST_IMG".base "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
+$QEMU_IMG convert -O $IMGFMT -c -B "$TEST_IMG".base -o backing_fmt=$IMGFMT \
+    "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
 $QEMU_IO -c "read -P 0 0 3M" "$TEST_IMG".orig 2>&1 | _filter_qemu_io | _filter_testdir
 
 
@@ -94,11 +99,11 @@
 # We do not want such a zero write, however, because we are past the
 # end of the backing file on the target as well, so we do not need to
 # write anything there.
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG".base 768M
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG".base 768M -F $IMGFMT
 
 # Use compat=0.10 as the output so there is no zero cluster support
 $QEMU_IMG convert -O $IMGFMT -B "$TEST_IMG".base -o compat=0.10 \
-    "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
+    -o backing_fmt=$IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
 # See that nothing has been allocated past 64M
 $QEMU_IMG map "$TEST_IMG".orig | _filter_qemu_img_map
 
@@ -110,7 +115,7 @@
 $QEMU_IO -c 'write -P 0x22 600M 1M' "$TEST_IMG" 2>&1 | _filter_qemu_io
 
 $QEMU_IMG convert -O $IMGFMT -B "$TEST_IMG".base -o compat=0.10 \
-    "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
+    -o backing_fmt=$IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
 
 $QEMU_IMG map "$TEST_IMG".orig | _filter_qemu_img_map
 $QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0x11 255M 1M' \
@@ -199,7 +204,7 @@
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG".base _make_test_img 64M
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 0x11 0 32M" "$TEST_IMG".base 2>&1 | _filter_qemu_io | _filter_testdir
 
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG".base 64M
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG".base 64M -F $IMGFMT
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 0x22 0 3M" "$TEST_IMG" 2>&1 | _filter_qemu_io | _filter_testdir
 
 echo
@@ -290,6 +295,13 @@
 # backing file"
 $QEMU_IMG convert -O $IMGFMT -B "$TEST_IMG".base -n "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig
 
+echo
+echo '=== -n incompatible with -o ==='
+echo
+
+$QEMU_IMG convert -O $IMGFMT -o preallocation=metadata -n \
+	  "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG".orig && echo "unexpected success"
+
 # success, all done
 echo '*** done'
 rm -f $seq.full
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/122.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/122.out
index 1a35951..f1f195e 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/122.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/122.out
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 === Check allocation status regression with -B ===
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 3145728/3145728 bytes at offset 0
 3 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 Offset          Length          File
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 === Check that zero clusters are kept in overlay ===
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 3145728/3145728 bytes at offset 0
 3 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 3145728/3145728 bytes at offset 0
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 === Converting to an overlay larger than its backing file ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=268435456
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=805306368 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=805306368 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 Offset          Length          File
 
 wrote 1048576/1048576 bytes at offset 267386880
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
 wrote 33554432/33554432 bytes at offset 0
 32 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 3145728/3145728 bytes at offset 0
 3 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 
@@ -233,4 +233,8 @@
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.orig', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
+
+=== -n incompatible with -o ===
+
+qemu-img: -o has no effect when skipping image creation
 *** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/126 b/tests/qemu-iotests/126
index b7fce1e..dd5a211 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/126
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/126
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 TOP_IMG="$TEST_DIR/image:top.$IMGFMT"
 
 TEST_IMG=$BASE_IMG _make_test_img 64M
-TEST_IMG=$TOP_IMG _make_test_img -b ./image:base.$IMGFMT
+TEST_IMG=$TOP_IMG _make_test_img -b ./image:base.$IMGFMT -F $IMGFMT
 
 # (1) The default cluster size depends on the image format
 # (2) vmdk only supports vmdk backing files, so it always reports the
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
 TOP_IMG="file:image:top.$IMGFMT"
 
 TEST_IMG=$BASE_IMG _make_test_img 64M
-TEST_IMG=$TOP_IMG _make_test_img -b "$BASE_IMG"
+TEST_IMG=$TOP_IMG _make_test_img -b "$BASE_IMG" -F $IMGFMT
 
 TEST_IMG=$TOP_IMG _img_info | grep -ve 'cluster_size' -e 'backing file format'
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/126.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/126.out
index e3c4d61..7d66346 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/126.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/126.out
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
 === Testing relative backing filename resolution ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/image:base.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/image:top.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=./image:base.IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/image:top.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=./image:base.IMGFMT backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 image: TEST_DIR/image:top.IMGFMT
 file format: IMGFMT
 virtual size: 64 MiB (67108864 bytes)
 backing file: ./image:base.IMGFMT (actual path: TEST_DIR/./image:base.IMGFMT)
 
 Formatting 'base.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-Formatting 'file:image:top.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=base.IMGFMT
+Formatting 'file:image:top.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=base.IMGFMT backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 image: ./image:top.IMGFMT
 file format: IMGFMT
 virtual size: 64 MiB (67108864 bytes)
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/127 b/tests/qemu-iotests/127
index a4fc866..e2ac2f5 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/127
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/127
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@
 IMG_SIZE=64K
 
 _make_test_img $IMG_SIZE
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.overlay0" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG" $IMG_SIZE
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.overlay1" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG" $IMG_SIZE
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.overlay0" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG" -F $IMGFMT $IMG_SIZE
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.overlay1" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG" -F $IMGFMT $IMG_SIZE
 
 # So that we actually have something to mirror and the job does not return
 # immediately (which may be bad because then we cannot know whether the
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/127.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/127.out
index 623d52b..efd6cb3 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/127.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/127.out
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 QA output created by 127
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=65536
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.overlay0', fmt=IMGFMT size=65536 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.overlay1', fmt=IMGFMT size=65536 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.overlay0', fmt=IMGFMT size=65536 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.overlay1', fmt=IMGFMT size=65536 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 42/42 bytes at offset 0
 42 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 { 'execute': 'qmp_capabilities' }
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/129 b/tests/qemu-iotests/129
index b0da4a5..0e13244 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/129
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/129
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         iotests.qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, self.base_img, "1G")
-        iotests.qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, self.test_img, "-b", self.base_img)
+        iotests.qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, self.test_img,
+                         "-b", self.base_img, '-F', iotests.imgfmt)
         iotests.qemu_io('-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-c', 'write -P0x5d 1M 128M', self.test_img)
         self.vm = iotests.VM().add_drive(self.test_img)
         self.vm.launch()
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/133 b/tests/qemu-iotests/133
index 6f7cacc..4070fd9 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/133
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/133
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 _supported_proto file
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img 64M
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 echo
 echo "=== Check that node-name can't be changed ==="
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/133.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/133.out
index 1491ef4..d70c2e8 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/133.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/133.out
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 QA output created by 133
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 === Check that node-name can't be changed ===
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/139 b/tests/qemu-iotests/139
index 7120d31..1452fd2 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/139
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/139
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
     def addBlockDriverStateOverlay(self, node):
         self.checkBlockDriverState(node, False)
         iotests.qemu_img('create', '-u', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
-                         '-b', base_img, new_img, '1M')
+                         '-b', base_img, '-F', iotests.imgfmt, new_img, '1M')
         opts = {'driver': iotests.imgfmt,
                 'node-name': node,
                 'backing': None,
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/141 b/tests/qemu-iotests/141
index 6d1b7b0..21aa0b4 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/141
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/141
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
     _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE \
         "$1" \
         "$2" \
-        | _filter_img_create_in_qmp | _filter_qmp_empty_return
+        | _filter_img_create | _filter_qmp_empty_return
 
     # We want this to return an error because the block job is still running
     _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE \
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@
 
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_DIR/b.$IMGFMT" _make_test_img 1M
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_DIR/m.$IMGFMT" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_DIR/b.$IMGFMT" 1M
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_DIR/m.$IMGFMT" 1M
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_DIR/m.$IMGFMT" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_DIR/b.$IMGFMT" -F $IMGFMT 1M
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_DIR/m.$IMGFMT" 1M -F $IMGFMT
 
 _launch_qemu -nodefaults
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/141.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/141.out
index 263b680..08e0aec 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/141.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/141.out
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 QA output created by 141
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/b.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/m.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/b.IMGFMT
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/m.IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/m.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/b.IMGFMT backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/m.IMGFMT backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 {'execute': 'qmp_capabilities'}
 {"return": {}}
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/142 b/tests/qemu-iotests/142
index daefcba..69fd10e 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/142
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/142
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.snap" _make_test_img $size
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $size
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $size -F $IMGFMT
 
 echo
 echo === Simple test for all cache modes ===
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/142.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/142.out
index 3667e38..a92b948 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/142.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/142.out
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 QA output created by 142
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.snap', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 === Simple test for all cache modes ===
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/153 b/tests/qemu-iotests/153
index 11e3d28..34045ea 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/153
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/153
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
 
     echo
     echo "== Creating test image =="
-    _make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.base"
+    _make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
     echo
     echo "== Launching QEMU, opts: '$opts1' =="
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
         _run_cmd $QEMU_IMG amend -o "size=$size" $L "${TEST_IMG}"
         _run_cmd $QEMU_IMG commit      $L "${TEST_IMG}"
         _run_cmd $QEMU_IMG resize      $L "${TEST_IMG}" $size
-        _run_cmd $QEMU_IMG rebase      $L "${TEST_IMG}" -b "${TEST_IMG}.base"
+        _run_cmd $QEMU_IMG rebase      $L "${TEST_IMG}" -b "${TEST_IMG}.base" -F $IMGFMT
         _run_cmd $QEMU_IMG snapshot -l $L "${TEST_IMG}"
         _run_cmd $QEMU_IMG convert     $L "${TEST_IMG}" "${TEST_IMG}.convert"
         _run_cmd $QEMU_IMG dd          $L if="${TEST_IMG}" of="${TEST_IMG}.convert" bs=512 count=1
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
         # qemu-img create does not support -U
         if [ -z "$L" ]; then
             _run_cmd $QEMU_IMG create -f $IMGFMT "${TEST_IMG}" \
-                                      -b ${TEST_IMG}.base
+                                      -b ${TEST_IMG}.base -F $IMGFMT
             # Read the file format.  It used to be the case that
             # file-posix simply truncated the file, but the qcow2
             # driver then failed to format it because it was unable
@@ -167,9 +167,9 @@
 
 echo
 echo "== Creating ${TEST_IMG}.[abc] ==" | _filter_testdir
-$QEMU_IMG create -f qcow2 "${TEST_IMG}.a" -b "${TEST_IMG}" | _filter_img_create
-$QEMU_IMG create -f qcow2 "${TEST_IMG}.b" -b "${TEST_IMG}" | _filter_img_create
-$QEMU_IMG create -f qcow2 "${TEST_IMG}.c" -b "${TEST_IMG}.b" \
+$QEMU_IMG create -f qcow2 "${TEST_IMG}.a" -b "${TEST_IMG}" -F $IMGFMT | _filter_img_create
+$QEMU_IMG create -f qcow2 "${TEST_IMG}.b" -b "${TEST_IMG}" -F $IMGFMT | _filter_img_create
+$QEMU_IMG create -f qcow2 "${TEST_IMG}.c" -b "${TEST_IMG}.b" -F $IMGFMT \
     | _filter_img_create
 
 echo
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
 _run_cmd $QEMU_IO "${TEST_IMG}" -c 'write 0 512'
 
 echo "Creating overlay with qemu-img when the guest is running should be allowed"
-_run_cmd $QEMU_IMG create -f $IMGFMT -b "${TEST_IMG}" "${TEST_IMG}.overlay"
+_run_cmd $QEMU_IMG create -f $IMGFMT -b "${TEST_IMG}" -F $IMGFMT "${TEST_IMG}.overlay"
 
 echo "== Closing an image should unlock it =="
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE \
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/153.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/153.out
index b2a90ca..8a79e1e 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/153.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/153.out
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432
 
 == Creating test image ==
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 == Launching QEMU, opts: '' ==
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
 qemu-img: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2': Failed to get "write" lock
 Is another process using the image [TEST_DIR/t.qcow2]?
 
-_qemu_img_wrapper rebase TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
+_qemu_img_wrapper rebase TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base -F qcow2
 qemu-img: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2': Failed to get "write" lock
 Is another process using the image [TEST_DIR/t.qcow2]?
 
@@ -92,10 +92,11 @@
 qemu-img: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2': Failed to get "write" lock
 Is another process using the image [TEST_DIR/t.qcow2]?
 
-_qemu_img_wrapper create -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
+_qemu_img_wrapper create -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base -F qcow2
 qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Failed to get "write" lock
 Is another process using the image [TEST_DIR/t.qcow2]?
 file format: IMGFMT
+backing file format: IMGFMT
 
 == Running utility commands -U ==
 
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@
 qemu-img: unrecognized option '-U'
 Try 'qemu-img --help' for more information
 
-_qemu_img_wrapper rebase -U TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
+_qemu_img_wrapper rebase -U TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base -F qcow2
 qemu-img: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2': Failed to get "write" lock
 Is another process using the image [TEST_DIR/t.qcow2]?
 
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432
 
 == Creating test image ==
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 == Launching QEMU, opts: 'read-only=on' ==
 
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@
 qemu-img: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2': Failed to get "write" lock
 Is another process using the image [TEST_DIR/t.qcow2]?
 
-_qemu_img_wrapper rebase TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
+_qemu_img_wrapper rebase TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base -F qcow2
 qemu-img: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2': Failed to get "write" lock
 Is another process using the image [TEST_DIR/t.qcow2]?
 
@@ -215,10 +216,11 @@
 qemu-img: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2': Failed to get "write" lock
 Is another process using the image [TEST_DIR/t.qcow2]?
 
-_qemu_img_wrapper create -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
+_qemu_img_wrapper create -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base -F qcow2
 qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Failed to get "write" lock
 Is another process using the image [TEST_DIR/t.qcow2]?
 file format: IMGFMT
+backing file format: IMGFMT
 
 == Running utility commands -U ==
 
@@ -253,7 +255,7 @@
 qemu-img: unrecognized option '-U'
 Try 'qemu-img --help' for more information
 
-_qemu_img_wrapper rebase -U TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
+_qemu_img_wrapper rebase -U TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base -F qcow2
 qemu-img: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2': Failed to get "write" lock
 Is another process using the image [TEST_DIR/t.qcow2]?
 
@@ -275,7 +277,7 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432
 
 == Creating test image ==
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 == Launching QEMU, opts: 'read-only=on,force-share=on' ==
 
@@ -309,7 +311,7 @@
 
 _qemu_img_wrapper resize TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 32M
 
-_qemu_img_wrapper rebase TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
+_qemu_img_wrapper rebase TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base -F qcow2
 
 _qemu_img_wrapper snapshot -l TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
 
@@ -321,8 +323,9 @@
 
 _qemu_img_wrapper bench -w -c 1 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
 
-_qemu_img_wrapper create -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
+_qemu_img_wrapper create -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base -F qcow2
 file format: IMGFMT
+backing file format: IMGFMT
 
 == Running utility commands -U ==
 
@@ -357,7 +360,7 @@
 qemu-img: unrecognized option '-U'
 Try 'qemu-img --help' for more information
 
-_qemu_img_wrapper rebase -U TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
+_qemu_img_wrapper rebase -U TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base -F qcow2
 
 _qemu_img_wrapper snapshot -l -U TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
 
@@ -398,9 +401,9 @@
 == Two devices with the same image (read-only=on,force-share=on - read-only=on,force-share=on) ==
 
 == Creating TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.[abc] ==
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.a', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.b', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.c', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.b
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.a', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.b', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.c', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.b backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 == Two devices sharing the same file in backing chain ==
 
@@ -430,7 +433,7 @@
 Is another process using the image [TEST_DIR/t.qcow2]?
 Creating overlay with qemu-img when the guest is running should be allowed
 
-_qemu_img_wrapper create -f qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.overlay
+_qemu_img_wrapper create -f qcow2 -b TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -F qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.overlay
 == Closing an image should unlock it ==
 { 'execute': 'human-monitor-command', 'arguments': { 'command-line': 'drive_del d0' } }
 {"return": ""}
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/154 b/tests/qemu-iotests/154
index d68f66b..7f1c0d9 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/154
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/154
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 echo == backing file contains zeros ==
 
 CLUSTER_SIZE=512 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 # Make sure that the whole cluster is allocated even for partial write_zeroes
 # when the backing file contains zeros
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 echo == backing file contains non-zero data before write_zeroes ==
 
 CLUSTER_SIZE=512 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 # Single cluster; non-zero data at the cluster start
 # ... | XX -- 00 -- | ...
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
 echo == backing file contains non-zero data after write_zeroes ==
 
 CLUSTER_SIZE=512 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 # Single cluster; non-zero data directly after request
 # ... | -- 00 XX -- | ...
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
 echo == write_zeroes covers non-zero data ==
 
 CLUSTER_SIZE=512 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 # non-zero data at front of request
 # Backing file: -- XX -- --
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
 echo == spanning two clusters, non-zero before request ==
 
 CLUSTER_SIZE=512 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 # Two clusters; non-zero data before request:
 # 1. At cluster start:          32k: XX -- -- 00 | 00 -- -- --
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
 echo == spanning two clusters, non-zero after request ==
 
 CLUSTER_SIZE=512 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 # Two clusters; non-zero data after request:
 # 1. Directly after request:    32k: -- -- -- 00 | 00 XX -- --
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@
 echo == spanning two clusters, partially overwriting backing file ==
 
 CLUSTER_SIZE=512 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 # Backing file: -- -- XX XX | XX XX -- --
 # Active layer: -- -- XX 00 | 00 XX -- --
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@
 echo == spanning multiple clusters, non-zero in first cluster ==
 
 CLUSTER_SIZE=512 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 # Backing file: 64k: XX XX -- -- | -- -- -- -- | -- -- -- --
 # Active layer: 64k: XX XX 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 | 00 -- -- --
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@
 echo == spanning multiple clusters, non-zero in intermediate cluster ==
 
 CLUSTER_SIZE=512 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 # Backing file: 64k: -- -- -- -- | -- XX XX -- | -- -- -- --
 # Active layer: 64k: -- -- 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 | 00 -- -- --
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
 echo == spanning multiple clusters, non-zero in final cluster ==
 
 CLUSTER_SIZE=512 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 # Backing file: 64k: -- -- -- -- | -- -- -- -- | -- -- XX XX
 # Active layer: 64k: -- -- 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 | 00 -- XX XX
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@
 echo == spanning multiple clusters, partially overwriting backing file ==
 
 CLUSTER_SIZE=512 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 # Backing file: 64k: -- XX XX XX | XX XX XX XX | XX XX XX --
 # Active layer: 64k: -- XX 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 | 00 XX XX --
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@
 # Write at the front: sector-wise, the request is:
 # backing: 128m... | -- --
 # active:  128m... | 00 -- -- --
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $((size + 2048))
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $((size + 2048))
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z $size 512" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IO -c "alloc $size 2048" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IMG map --output=json "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_img_map
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@
 # Write at the back: sector-wise, the request is:
 # backing: 128m... | -- --
 # active:  128m... | -- -- -- 00
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $((size + 2048))
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $((size + 2048))
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z $((size + 1536)) 512" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IO -c "alloc $size 2048" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IMG map --output=json "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_img_map
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@
 # Write at middle: sector-wise, the request is:
 # backing: 128m... | -- --
 # active:  128m... | -- 00 00 --
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $((size + 2048))
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $((size + 2048))
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z $((size + 512)) 1024" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IO -c "alloc $size 2048" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IMG map --output=json "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_img_map
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@
 # Write entire cluster: sector-wise, the request is:
 # backing: 128m... | -- --
 # active:  128m... | 00 00 00 00
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $((size + 2048))
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $((size + 2048))
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z $size 2048" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IO -c "alloc $size 2048" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IMG map --output=json "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_img_map
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@
 # Write at the front: sector-wise, the request is:
 # backing: 128m... | 00 00
 # active:  128m... | 00 -- -- --
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $((size + 2048))
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $((size + 2048))
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z $size 512" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IO -c "alloc $size 2048" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IMG map --output=json "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_img_map
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@
 # Write at the back: sector-wise, the request is:
 # backing: 128m... | 00 00
 # active:  128m... | -- -- -- 00
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $((size + 2048))
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $((size + 2048))
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z $((size + 1536)) 512" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IO -c "alloc $size 2048" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IMG map --output=json "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_img_map
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
 # Write at middle: sector-wise, the request is:
 # backing: 128m... | 00 00
 # active:  128m... | -- 00 00 --
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $((size + 2048))
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $((size + 2048))
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z $((size + 512)) 1024" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IO -c "alloc $size 2048" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IMG map --output=json "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_img_map
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@
 # Write entire cluster: sector-wise, the request is:
 # backing: 128m... | 00 00
 # active:  128m... | 00 00 00 00
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $((size + 2048))
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $((size + 2048))
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z $size 2048" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IO -c "alloc $size 2048" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IMG map --output=json "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_img_map
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@
 # Backing file: 128m... | XX --
 # Active layer: 128m... | -- -- 00 --
 CLUSTER_SIZE=512 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $((size + 1024))
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $((size + 2048))
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $((size + 2048))
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 1 $((size)) 512" "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z $((size + 1024)) 512" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IO -c "read -P 1 $((size)) 512" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@
 # Backing file: 128m: ... | -- XX
 # Active layer: 128m: ... | 00 -- -- 00
 CLUSTER_SIZE=512 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $((size + 1024))
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $((size + 2048))
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $((size + 2048))
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 1 $((size + 512)) 512" "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -z $((size)) 512" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IO -c "read -P 0 $((size)) 512" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/154.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/154.out
index fa36733..4863e24 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/154.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/154.out
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 == backing file contains zeros ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 0
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 10240
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 == backing file contains non-zero data before write_zeroes ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 32768
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 34816
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 
 == backing file contains non-zero data after write_zeroes ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 34816
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 33792
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
 
 == write_zeroes covers non-zero data ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 5120
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 5120
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
 
 == spanning two clusters, non-zero before request ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 32768
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 35840
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
 
 == spanning two clusters, non-zero after request ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 37888
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 35840
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
 
 == spanning two clusters, partially overwriting backing file ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 4096/4096 bytes at offset 2048
 4 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 3072
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@
 
 == spanning multiple clusters, non-zero in first cluster ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 65536
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 7168/7168 bytes at offset 67584
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@
 
 == spanning multiple clusters, non-zero in intermediate cluster ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 70656
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 7168/7168 bytes at offset 67584
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
 
 == spanning multiple clusters, non-zero in final cluster ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 75776
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 7168/7168 bytes at offset 67584
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@
 
 == spanning multiple clusters, partially overwriting backing file ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 10240/10240 bytes at offset 66560
 10 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 7168/7168 bytes at offset 67584
@@ -305,25 +305,25 @@
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
 [{ "start": 0, "length": 134219776, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134218752
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134217728
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
 [{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
 { "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134219264
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
 [{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
 { "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 134218240
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
 [{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
 { "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 134217728
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
@@ -331,25 +331,25 @@
 { "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134217728
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134217728
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
 [{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
 { "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134219264
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
 [{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
 { "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 134218240
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
 [{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
 { "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 134217728
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@
 
 == unaligned image tail cluster, allocation required ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134218752
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134217728
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134218752
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
 [{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
 { "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134218752
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134218240
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134217728
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/155 b/tests/qemu-iotests/155
index cb371d4..988f986 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/155
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/155
@@ -60,9 +60,12 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, back0_img, '1440K')
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', back0_img, back1_img)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', back1_img, back2_img)
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', back2_img, source_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', back0_img,
+                 '-F', iotests.imgfmt, back1_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', back1_img,
+                 '-F', iotests.imgfmt, back2_img)
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', back2_img,
+                 '-F', iotests.imgfmt, source_img)
 
         self.vm = iotests.VM()
         # Add the BDS via blockdev-add so it stays around after the mirror block
@@ -89,7 +92,8 @@
         if self.existing:
             if self.target_backing:
                 qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
-                         '-b', self.target_backing, target_img, '1440K')
+                         '-b', self.target_backing, '-F', 'raw',
+                         target_img, '1440K')
             else:
                 qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, target_img, '1440K')
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/156 b/tests/qemu-iotests/156
index 5559df6..7c69a6c 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/156
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/156
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 
 # Create source disk
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.backing" _make_test_img 1M
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.backing" 1M
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.backing" -F $IMGFMT 1M
 
 $QEMU_IO -c 'write -P 1 0 256k' "$TEST_IMG.backing" | _filter_qemu_io
 $QEMU_IO -c 'write -P 2 64k 192k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
     'return'
 
 # Create snapshot
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.overlay" _make_test_img -u -b "$TEST_IMG" 1M
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.overlay" _make_test_img -u -b "$TEST_IMG" -F $IMGFMT 1M
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE \
     "{ 'execute': 'blockdev-snapshot-sync',
        'arguments': { 'device': 'source',
@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@
     'return'
 
 # Create target image
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.target.overlay" _make_test_img -u -b "$TEST_IMG.target" 1M
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.target.overlay" _make_test_img -u -b "$TEST_IMG.target" \
+    -F $IMGFMT 1M
 
 # Mirror snapshot
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE \
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@
 # Copy source backing chain to the target before completing the job
 cp "$TEST_IMG.backing" "$TEST_IMG.target.backing"
 cp "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG.target"
-$QEMU_IMG rebase -u -b "$TEST_IMG.target.backing" "$TEST_IMG.target"
+$QEMU_IMG rebase -u -b "$TEST_IMG.target.backing" -F $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG.target"
 
 # Complete block job
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE \
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/156.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/156.out
index 084be5a..cce167b 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/156.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/156.out
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 QA output created by 156
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.backing', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.backing
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.backing backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 262144/262144 bytes at offset 0
 256 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 196608/196608 bytes at offset 65536
 192 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 { 'execute': 'qmp_capabilities' }
 {"return": {}}
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.overlay', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.overlay', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 { 'execute': 'blockdev-snapshot-sync', 'arguments': { 'device': 'source', 'snapshot-file': 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.overlay', 'format': 'IMGFMT', 'mode': 'existing' } }
 {"return": {}}
 { 'execute': 'human-monitor-command', 'arguments': { 'command-line': 'qemu-io source "write -P 3 128k 128k"' } }
 wrote 131072/131072 bytes at offset 131072
 128 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 {"return": ""}
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.target.overlay', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.target
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.target.overlay', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.target backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 { 'execute': 'drive-mirror', 'arguments': { 'device': 'source', 'target': 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.target.overlay', 'mode': 'existing', 'sync': 'top' } }
 {"timestamp": {"seconds":  TIMESTAMP, "microseconds":  TIMESTAMP}, "event": "JOB_STATUS_CHANGE", "data": {"status": "created", "id": "source"}}
 {"timestamp": {"seconds":  TIMESTAMP, "microseconds":  TIMESTAMP}, "event": "JOB_STATUS_CHANGE", "data": {"status": "running", "id": "source"}}
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/158 b/tests/qemu-iotests/158
index ba4db61..3175968 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/158
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/158
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
 $QEMU_IO --object $SECRET -c "read -P 0xa 0 $size" --image-opts $IMGSPECBASE | _filter_qemu_io | _filter_testdir
 
 echo "== create overlay =="
-_make_test_img -u --object $SECRET -o "encryption=on,encrypt.key-secret=sec0" -b "$TEST_IMG_BASE" $size
+_make_test_img -u --object $SECRET -o "encryption=on,encrypt.key-secret=sec0" -b "$TEST_IMG_BASE" -F $IMGFMT $size
 
 echo
 echo "== writing part of a cluster =="
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/158.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/158.out
index f28a176..83f1969 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/158.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/158.out
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 read 134217728/134217728 bytes at offset 0
 128 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 == create overlay ==
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base encryption=on
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT encryption=on
 
 == writing part of a cluster ==
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 0
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/161 b/tests/qemu-iotests/161
index f572a19..e270976 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/161
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/161
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
 
 # Create the images
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $IMG_SIZE | _filter_imgfmt
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.int" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_imgfmt
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.int" | _filter_imgfmt
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.int" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT | _filter_imgfmt
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.int" -F $IMGFMT -F $IMGFMT | _filter_imgfmt
 
 # First test: reopen $TEST.IMG changing the detect-zeroes option on
 # its backing file ($TEST_IMG.int).
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@
 echo
 # Create the images again
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $IMG_SIZE | _filter_imgfmt
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.int" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_imgfmt
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.int" | _filter_imgfmt
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.int" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT| _filter_imgfmt
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.int" -F $IMGFMT | _filter_imgfmt
 
 _launch_qemu -drive if=none,file="${TEST_IMG}"
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE \
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/161.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/161.out
index aef9741..3d8d89a 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/161.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/161.out
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 QA output created by 161
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.int', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.int
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.int', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.int backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 *** Change an option on the backing file
 
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 *** Commit and then change an option on the backing file
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.int', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.int
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.int', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.int backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 { 'execute': 'qmp_capabilities' }
 {"return": {}}
 { 'execute': 'block-commit', 'arguments': { 'device': 'none0', 'top': 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.int' } }
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/175 b/tests/qemu-iotests/175
index 020ed8e..00a626a 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/175
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/175
@@ -89,20 +89,20 @@
 
 echo
 echo "== creating image with default preallocation =="
-_make_test_img $size | _filter_imgfmt
+_make_test_img -o extent_size_hint=0 $size | _filter_imgfmt
 stat -c "size=%s, blocks=%b" $TEST_IMG | _filter_blocks $extra_blocks $min_blocks $size
 
 for mode in off full falloc; do
     echo
     echo "== creating image with preallocation $mode =="
-    _make_test_img -o preallocation=$mode $size | _filter_imgfmt
+    _make_test_img -o preallocation=$mode,extent_size_hint=0 $size | _filter_imgfmt
     stat -c "size=%s, blocks=%b" $TEST_IMG | _filter_blocks $extra_blocks $min_blocks $size
 done
 
 for new_size in 4096 1048576; do
     echo
     echo "== resize empty image with block_resize =="
-    _make_test_img 0 | _filter_imgfmt
+    _make_test_img -o extent_size_hint=0 0 | _filter_imgfmt
     _block_resize $TEST_IMG $new_size >/dev/null
     stat -c "size=%s, blocks=%b" $TEST_IMG | _filter_blocks $extra_blocks $min_blocks $new_size
 done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/176 b/tests/qemu-iotests/176
index 117c8b6..2565ff1 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/176
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/176
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@
 
 len=$((2100 * 1024 * 1024 + 512)) # larger than 2G, and not cluster aligned
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $len
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.itmd" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $len
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.itmd" $len
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.itmd" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $len
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.itmd" -F $IMGFMT $len
 # Update the top image to use a feature that is incompatible with fast path
 case $reason in
     snapshot) $QEMU_IMG snapshot -c snap "$TEST_IMG" ;;
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/176.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/176.out
index cc33def..9d09b60 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/176.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/176.out
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 === Test pass snapshot.0 ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 196608/196608 bytes at offset 2147287040
 192 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 131072/131072 bytes at offset 2147352576
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@
 === Test pass snapshot.1 ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 196608/196608 bytes at offset 2147287040
 192 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 131072/131072 bytes at offset 2147352576
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@
 === Test pass snapshot.2 ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 196608/196608 bytes at offset 2147287040
 192 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 131072/131072 bytes at offset 2147352576
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@
 === Test pass snapshot.3 ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 196608/196608 bytes at offset 2147287040
 192 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 131072/131072 bytes at offset 2147352576
@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@
 === Test pass bitmap.0 ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 QMP_VERSION
 {"return": {}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -212,8 +212,8 @@
 === Test pass bitmap.1 ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 QMP_VERSION
 {"return": {}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -262,8 +262,8 @@
 === Test pass bitmap.2 ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 QMP_VERSION
 {"return": {}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -312,8 +312,8 @@
 === Test pass bitmap.3 ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2202010112 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.itmd backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 QMP_VERSION
 {"return": {}}
 {"return": {}}
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/177 b/tests/qemu-iotests/177
index eadc2c7..5d4a77a 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/177
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/177
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 11 0 $size" "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_qemu_io
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 22 0 $size" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 
 # Limited to 64k max-transfer
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/177.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/177.out
index e887542..ba1e1e2 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/177.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/177.out
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
 wrote 134217728/134217728 bytes at offset 0
 128 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 134217728/134217728 bytes at offset 0
 128 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/179 b/tests/qemu-iotests/179
index 9372dc3..11a20cb 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/179
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/179
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 echo
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img 64M
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 # Offsets chosen at or near 2M boundaries so test works at all cluster sizes
 # 8k and larger (smaller clusters fail due to non-contiguous allocations)
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/179.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/179.out
index 80722b2..1f76800 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/179.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/179.out
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 === Testing write zeroes with unmap ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 2097152
 2 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 6291456
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/189 b/tests/qemu-iotests/189
index e6a84b8..3e5ded1 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/189
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/189
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 $QEMU_IO --object $SECRET0 -c "read -P 0xa 0 $size" --image-opts $IMGSPECBASE | _filter_qemu_io | _filter_testdir
 
 echo "== create overlay =="
-_make_test_img --object $SECRET1 -o "encrypt.format=luks,encrypt.key-secret=sec1,encrypt.iter-time=10" -u -b "$TEST_IMG_BASE" $size
+_make_test_img --object $SECRET1 -o "encrypt.format=luks,encrypt.key-secret=sec1,encrypt.iter-time=10" -u -b "$TEST_IMG_BASE" -F $IMGFMT $size
 
 echo
 echo "== writing part of a cluster =="
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/189.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/189.out
index bc213cb..30af0a8 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/189.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/189.out
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 read 16777216/16777216 bytes at offset 0
 16 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 == create overlay ==
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=16777216 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=16777216 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 == writing part of a cluster ==
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 0
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/191 b/tests/qemu-iotests/191
index b05db68..d17462e 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/191
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/191
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@
 
 TEST_IMG="${TEST_IMG}.base" _make_test_img $size
 TEST_IMG="${TEST_IMG}.mid" _make_test_img -o "backing_fmt=$IMGFMT" -b "${TEST_IMG}.base"
-_make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.mid"
-TEST_IMG="${TEST_IMG}.ovl2" _make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.mid"
+_make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.mid" -F $IMGFMT
+TEST_IMG="${TEST_IMG}.ovl2" _make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.mid" -F $IMGFMT
 
 $QEMU_IO -c 'write -P 0x55 1M 64k' "${TEST_IMG}.mid" | _filter_qemu_io
 
@@ -102,10 +102,10 @@
 echo
 
 TEST_IMG="${TEST_IMG}.base" _make_test_img $size
-TEST_IMG="${TEST_IMG}.mid" _make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.base"
-_make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.mid"
-TEST_IMG="${TEST_IMG}.ovl2" _make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.mid"
-TEST_IMG="${TEST_IMG}.ovl3" _make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.ovl2"
+TEST_IMG="${TEST_IMG}.mid" _make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.base" -F $IMGFMT
+_make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.mid" -F $IMGFMT
+TEST_IMG="${TEST_IMG}.ovl2" _make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.mid" -F $IMGFMT
+TEST_IMG="${TEST_IMG}.ovl3" _make_test_img -b "${TEST_IMG}.ovl2" -F $IMGFMT
 
 $QEMU_IO -c 'write -P 0x55 1M 64k' "${TEST_IMG}.mid" | _filter_qemu_io
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/191.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/191.out
index 34cec7b..11aaf3b 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/191.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/191.out
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.ovl2', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.ovl2', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 1048576
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 { 'execute': 'qmp_capabilities' }
@@ -413,10 +413,10 @@
 === Preparing and starting VM with -drive ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.ovl2', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.ovl3', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.ovl2
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.ovl2', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.ovl3', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.ovl2 backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 1048576
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 { 'execute': 'qmp_capabilities' }
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/195 b/tests/qemu-iotests/195
index 48984b7..2351d55 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/195
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/195
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@
 
 size=64M
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.mid" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.mid"
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.mid" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.mid" -F $IMGFMT
 
 echo
 echo "Change backing file of mid (opened read-only)"
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 echo "Change backing file of top (opened writable)"
 echo
 
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.mid" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.mid" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 run_qemu -drive if=none,file="$TEST_IMG",node-name=top <<EOF
 {"execute":"qmp_capabilities"}
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/195.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/195.out
index e6df0d6..ec84df5 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/195.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/195.out
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 QA output created by 195
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 Change backing file of mid (opened read-only)
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 
 Change backing file of top (opened writable)
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 Testing: -drive if=none,file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT,node-name=top
 {
     QMP_VERSION
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/198 b/tests/qemu-iotests/198
index aeb059d..1b9bfb8 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/198
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/198
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 $QEMU_IO --object $SECRET0 -c "write -P 0xa 0 $size" --image-opts $IMGSPECBASE | _filter_qemu_io | _filter_testdir
 
 echo "== create overlay =="
-_make_test_img --object $SECRET1 -o "encrypt.format=luks,encrypt.key-secret=sec1,encrypt.iter-time=10" -u -b "$TEST_IMG_BASE" $size
+_make_test_img --object $SECRET1 -o "encrypt.format=luks,encrypt.key-secret=sec1,encrypt.iter-time=10" -u -b "$TEST_IMG_BASE" -F $IMGFMT $size
 
 echo
 echo "== writing whole image layer =="
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/198.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/198.out
index 4b800e7..3952708 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/198.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/198.out
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 wrote 16777216/16777216 bytes at offset 0
 16 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 == create overlay ==
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=16777216 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=16777216 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 == writing whole image layer ==
 wrote 16777216/16777216 bytes at offset 0
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@
 file format: IMGFMT
 virtual size: 16 MiB (16777216 bytes)
 backing file: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+backing file format: IMGFMT
 Format specific information:
     compression type: zlib
     encrypt:
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/204 b/tests/qemu-iotests/204
index abb73dc..6770fa9 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/204
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/204
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 11 0 $size" "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_qemu_io
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 $QEMU_IO -c "write -P 22 0 110M" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 
 # Limited to 64k max-transfer
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/204.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/204.out
index f3a10fb..457f72d 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/204.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/204.out
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
 wrote 134217728/134217728 bytes at offset 0
 128 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 115343360/115343360 bytes at offset 0
 110 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/216 b/tests/qemu-iotests/216
index de11d85..f93c61a 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/216
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/216
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
     assert qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, base_img_path, '64M') == 0
     assert qemu_io_silent(base_img_path, '-c', 'write -P 1 0M 1M') == 0
     assert qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', base_img_path,
-                    top_img_path) == 0
+                    '-F', iotests.imgfmt, top_img_path) == 0
     assert qemu_io_silent(top_img_path,  '-c', 'write -P 2 1M 1M') == 0
 
     log('Done')
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/224 b/tests/qemu-iotests/224
index 81ca1e4..017b068 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/224
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/224
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@
         assert qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
                         base_img_path, '64M') == 0
         assert qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', base_img_path,
-                        mid_img_path) == 0
+                        '-F', iotests.imgfmt, mid_img_path) == 0
         assert qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', mid_img_path,
-                        top_img_path) == 0
+                        '-F', iotests.imgfmt, top_img_path) == 0
 
         # Something to commit
         assert qemu_io_silent(mid_img_path, '-c', 'write -P 1 0 1M') == 0
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/225 b/tests/qemu-iotests/225
index c9a334c..0186ec8 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/225
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/225
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img 1M
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.not_base" _make_test_img 1M
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
 
 make_opts()
 {
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/225.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/225.out
index 4dc8ee2..0998ae0 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/225.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/225.out
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 QA output created by 225
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.not_base', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 === Testing fitting VMDK backing image ===
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/228 b/tests/qemu-iotests/228
index da0900f..60db986 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/228
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/228
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@
     assert qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, base_img_path, '64M') == 0
     # Choose a funny way to describe the backing filename
     assert qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b',
-                    'file:' + base_img_path, top_img_path) == 0
+                    'file:' + base_img_path, '-F', iotests.imgfmt,
+                    top_img_path) == 0
 
     vm.launch()
 
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@
     # filename unless the backing file is opened implicitly with the
     # overlay)
     assert qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', base_img_path,
-                    top_img_path) == 0
+                    '-F', iotests.imgfmt, top_img_path) == 0
 
     # You can only reliably override backing options by using a node
     # reference (or by specifying file.filename, but, well...)
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/243 b/tests/qemu-iotests/243
index a61852f..17388a4 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/243
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/243
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
     echo "=== preallocation=$mode ==="
     echo
 
-    _make_test_img -o "preallocation=$mode" 64M
+    _make_test_img -o "preallocation=$mode,extent_size_hint=0" 64M
 
     printf "File size: "
     du -b $TEST_IMG | cut -f1
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@
     echo "=== External data file: preallocation=$mode ==="
     echo
 
-    _make_test_img -o "data_file=$TEST_IMG.data,preallocation=$mode" 64M
+    _make_test_img \
+        -o "data_file=$TEST_IMG.data,preallocation=$mode,extent_size_hint=0" 64M
 
     echo -n "qcow2 file size: "
     du -b $TEST_IMG | cut -f1
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@
     echo -n "qcow2 disk usage: "
     [ $(du -B1 $TEST_IMG | cut -f1) -lt 1048576 ] && echo "low" || echo "high"
     echo -n "data disk usage:  "
-    [ $(du -B1 $TEST_IMG.data | cut -f1) -lt 1048576 ] && echo "low" || echo "high"
+    [ $(du -B1 $TEST_IMG.data | cut -f1) -lt 2097152 ] && echo "low" || echo "high"
 
 done
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/245 b/tests/qemu-iotests/245
index 4f5f0bb..ad91a6f 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/245
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/245
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@
 
     def setUp(self):
         qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, hd_path[0], '3M')
-        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', hd_path[0], hd_path[1])
+        qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', hd_path[0],
+                 '-F', iotests.imgfmt, hd_path[1])
         qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, hd_path[2], '3M')
         qemu_io('-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-c', 'write -P 0xa0  0 1M', hd_path[0])
         qemu_io('-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-c', 'write -P 0xa1 1M 1M', hd_path[1])
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/249 b/tests/qemu-iotests/249
index 2b99c97..68f13ed 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/249
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/249
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
 
 # Create the images: base <- int <- active
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $IMG_SIZE | _filter_imgfmt
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.int" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_imgfmt
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.int" | _filter_imgfmt
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.int" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT | _filter_imgfmt
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.int" -F $IMGFMT | _filter_imgfmt
 
 # Launch QEMU with these two drives:
 # none0: base (read-only)
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/249.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/249.out
index 51307ed..85acda4 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/249.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/249.out
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 QA output created by 249
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.int', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.int
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.int', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.int backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 { 'execute': 'qmp_capabilities' }
 {"return": {}}
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/252 b/tests/qemu-iotests/252
index 83280c1..6662f4c 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/252
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/252
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 
 echo
 
-$QEMU_IMG rebase -b "$TEST_IMG.base_new" "$TEST_IMG"
+$QEMU_IMG rebase -b "$TEST_IMG.base_new" -F $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG"
 
 # Verify the data is correct
 $QEMU_IO "$TEST_IMG" \
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/257 b/tests/qemu-iotests/257
index 004a433..e1e6077 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/257
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/257
@@ -238,7 +238,8 @@
     """
     expected_ret = 0 if expected_match else 1
     if baseimg:
-        assert qemu_img("rebase", "-u", "-b", baseimg, image) == 0
+        assert qemu_img("rebase", "-u", "-b", baseimg, '-F', iotests.imgfmt,
+                        image) == 0
     ret = qemu_img("compare", image, reference)
     log('qemu_img compare "{:s}" "{:s}" ==> {:s}, {:s}'.format(
         image, reference,
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/259.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/259.out
index ffed19c..e27b9ff 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/259.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/259.out
@@ -9,6 +9,6 @@
 disk size: unavailable
 
 --- Testing creation for which the node would need to grow ---
-qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Could not resize image: Image format driver does not support resize
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=qcow2 size=67108864 preallocation=metadata
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Could not resize image: Image format driver does not support resize
 *** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/267 b/tests/qemu-iotests/267
index 3146273..e44be49 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/267
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/267
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
 run_test()
 {
     if [ -n "$BACKING_FILE" ]; then
-        _make_test_img -b "$BACKING_FILE" $size
+        _make_test_img -b "$BACKING_FILE" -F $IMGFMT $size
     else
         _make_test_img $size
     fi
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
 echo "=== -blockdev with NBD server on the backing file ==="
 echo
 
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $size
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $size
 cat <<EOF |
 nbd_server_start unix:$SOCK_DIR/nbd
 nbd_server_add -w backing-fmt
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/267.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/267.out
index 8dddb4b..d6d80c0 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/267.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/267.out
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
 === -blockdev with a backing file ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 Testing: -blockdev driver=file,filename=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base,node-name=backing-file -blockdev driver=file,filename=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT,node-name=file -blockdev driver=IMGFMT,file=file,backing=backing-file,node-name=fmt
 QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
 (qemu) savevm snap0
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
 (qemu) loadvm snap0
 (qemu) quit
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 Testing: -blockdev driver=file,filename=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base,node-name=backing-file -blockdev driver=IMGFMT,file=backing-file,node-name=backing-fmt -blockdev driver=file,filename=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT,node-name=file -blockdev driver=IMGFMT,file=file,backing=backing-fmt,node-name=fmt
 QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
 (qemu) savevm snap0
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 
 === -blockdev with NBD server on the backing file ===
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 Testing: -blockdev driver=file,filename=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base,node-name=backing-file -blockdev driver=IMGFMT,file=backing-file,node-name=backing-fmt -blockdev driver=file,filename=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT,node-name=file -blockdev driver=IMGFMT,file=file,backing=backing-fmt,node-name=fmt
 QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
 (qemu) nbd_server_start unix:SOCK_DIR/nbd
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/270 b/tests/qemu-iotests/270
index b9a12b9..00339c0 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/270
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/270
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 # We need a large cluster size, see below for why (above the $QEMU_IO
 # invocation)
 _make_test_img -o cluster_size=2M,data_file="$TEST_IMG.orig" \
-    -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 4G
+    -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT 4G
 
 # We want a null-co as the data file, because it allows us to quickly
 # "write" 2G of data without using any space.
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/270.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/270.out
index c7be111..6dc3b23 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/270.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/270.out
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=4294967296
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 0
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=4294967296 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base data_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.orig
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=4294967296 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT data_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.orig
 wrote 2147483136/2147483136 bytes at offset 768
 2 GiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 No errors were found on the image.
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/273 b/tests/qemu-iotests/273
index 00ff79b..41ffbf3 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/273
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/273
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img 64M
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.mid" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.mid"
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.mid" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.mid" -F $IMGFMT
 
 run_qemu \
     -blockdev file,node-name=base,filename="$TEST_IMG.base" \
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/273.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/273.out
index 684b8d6..87d4758 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/273.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/273.out
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 QA output created by 273
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 Testing: -blockdev file,node-name=base,filename=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base -blockdev file,node-name=midf,filename=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid -blockdev {"driver":"IMGFMT","node-name":"mid","file":"midf","backing":null} -blockdev file,node-name=topf,filename=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT -blockdev {"driver":"IMGFMT","file":"topf","node-name":"top","backing":null}
 {
     QMP_VERSION
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/274 b/tests/qemu-iotests/274
index 5d1bf34..d4571c5 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/274
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/274
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@
 def create_chain() -> None:
     iotests.qemu_img_log('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, base,
                          str(size_long))
-    iotests.qemu_img_log('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', base, mid,
-                         str(size_short))
-    iotests.qemu_img_log('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', mid, top,
-                         str(size_long))
+    iotests.qemu_img_log('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', base,
+                         '-F', iotests.imgfmt, mid, str(size_short))
+    iotests.qemu_img_log('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', mid,
+                         '-F', iotests.imgfmt, top, str(size_long))
 
     iotests.qemu_io_log('-c', 'write -P 1 0 %d' % size_long, base)
 
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@
 
         iotests.log('=== preallocation=%s ===' % prealloc)
         iotests.qemu_img_log('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, base, base_size)
-        iotests.qemu_img_log('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', base, top,
-                             top_size_old)
+        iotests.qemu_img_log('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', base,
+                             '-F', iotests.imgfmt, top, top_size_old)
         iotests.qemu_io_log('-c', 'write -P 1 %s 64k' % off, base)
 
         # After this, top_size_old to base_size should be allocated/zeroed.
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/274.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/274.out
index d248a1e..3a36fe7 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/274.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/274.out
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 == Commit tests ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=2097152 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-mid', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-mid', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=2097152 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-mid lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=2097152 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-mid backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
 wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 0
 2 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 virtual size: 2 MiB (2097152 bytes)
 cluster_size: 65536
 backing file: TEST_DIR/PID-base
+backing file format: IMGFMT
 Format specific information:
     compat: 1.1
     compression type: zlib
@@ -66,9 +67,9 @@
 === Testing HMP commit (top -> mid) ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=2097152 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-mid', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-mid', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=2097152 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-mid lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=2097152 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-mid backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
 wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 0
 2 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@
 virtual size: 2 MiB (2097152 bytes)
 cluster_size: 65536
 backing file: TEST_DIR/PID-base
+backing file format: IMGFMT
 Format specific information:
     compat: 1.1
     compression type: zlib
@@ -96,9 +98,9 @@
 === Testing QMP active commit (top -> mid) ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=2097152 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-mid', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-mid', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=2097152 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-mid lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=2097152 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-mid backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
 wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 0
 2 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -116,6 +118,7 @@
 virtual size: 2 MiB (2097152 bytes)
 cluster_size: 65536
 backing file: TEST_DIR/PID-base
+backing file format: IMGFMT
 Format specific information:
     compat: 1.1
     compression type: zlib
@@ -133,7 +136,7 @@
 === preallocation=off ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=6442450944 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=1073741824 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=1073741824 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 5368709120
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -152,7 +155,7 @@
 === preallocation=metadata ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=34359738368 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=32212254720 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=32212254720 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 33285996544
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -176,7 +179,7 @@
 === preallocation=falloc ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=10485760 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=5242880 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=5242880 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 9437184
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -195,7 +198,7 @@
 === preallocation=full ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=16777216 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=8388608 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=8388608 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 11534336
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -214,7 +217,7 @@
 === preallocation=off ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=393216 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=259072 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=259072 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 259072
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -234,7 +237,7 @@
 === preallocation=off ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=409600 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=262144 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=262144 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 344064
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -253,7 +256,7 @@
 === preallocation=off ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=524288 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=262144 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-top', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=262144 backing_file=TEST_DIR/PID-base backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
 
 wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 446464
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/279 b/tests/qemu-iotests/279
index 75a4747..5515d4e 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/279
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/279
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@
                      "subformat=twoGbMaxExtentFlat" \
 
 TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img 64M
-TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.mid" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
-_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.mid"
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.mid" _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.mid" -F $IMGFMT
 
 echo
 echo '== qemu-img info --backing-chain =='
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/279.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/279.out
index f4dc6c6..adb2e47 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/279.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/279.out
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 QA output created by 279
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.mid backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 
 == qemu-img info --backing-chain ==
 image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/282.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/282.out
index 5d079da..67db7ab 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/282.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/282.out
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 QA output created by 282
 == Create non-UTF8 secret ==
 == Throws an error because of invalid UTF-8 secret ==
-qemu-img: vol.img: Data from secret sec0 is not valid UTF-8
 Formatting 'vol.img', fmt=luks size=4194304 key-secret=sec0
+qemu-img: vol.img: Data from secret sec0 is not valid UTF-8
 == Image file should not exist after the error ==
 == Create a stub image file and run qemu-img again ==
-qemu-img: vol.img: Data from secret sec0 is not valid UTF-8
 Formatting 'vol.img', fmt=luks size=4194304 key-secret=sec0
+qemu-img: vol.img: Data from secret sec0 is not valid UTF-8
 == Pre-existing image file should also be deleted after the error ==
- *** done
+*** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/290 b/tests/qemu-iotests/290
index 776b65e..01ee14d 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/290
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/290
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
 
 for qcow2_compat in 0.10 1.1; do
     echo "# Create an image with compat=$qcow2_compat and a backing file"
-    _make_test_img -o "compat=$qcow2_compat" -b "$BACKING_IMG"
+    _make_test_img -o "compat=$qcow2_compat" -b "$BACKING_IMG" -F $IMGFMT
 
     echo "# Fill all clusters with data and then discard them"
     $QEMU_IO -c 'write -P 0x01 0 128k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/290.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/290.out
index d2259c8..22b4765 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/290.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/290.out
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 wrote 131072/131072 bytes at offset 0
 128 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 # Create an image with compat=0.10 and a backing file
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=131072 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=131072 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 # Fill all clusters with data and then discard them
 wrote 131072/131072 bytes at offset 0
 128 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 Offset          Length          Mapped to       File
 0               0x20000         0x50000         TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
 # Create an image with compat=1.1 and a backing file
-Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=131072 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=131072 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 # Fill all clusters with data and then discard them
 wrote 131072/131072 bytes at offset 0
 128 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/301 b/tests/qemu-iotests/301
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3823e95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/301
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# Test qcow backing file warnings
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2020 Red Hat, Inc.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+
+seq=`basename $0`
+echo "QA output created by $seq"
+
+status=1 # failure is the default!
+
+_cleanup()
+{
+    _cleanup_test_img
+    _rm_test_img "$TEST_IMG.qcow2"
+}
+trap "_cleanup; exit \$status" 0 1 2 3 15
+
+# get standard environment, filters and checks
+. ./common.rc
+. ./common.filter
+
+_supported_fmt qcow
+_supported_proto file
+_supported_os Linux
+
+size=32M
+
+echo
+echo "== qcow backed by qcow =="
+
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img $size
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $size
+_img_info
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F $IMGFMT $size
+_img_info
+
+echo
+echo "== mismatched command line detection =="
+
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F vmdk
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F vmdk $size
+echo
+# Use of -u bypasses the backing format sanity check
+_make_test_img -u -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F vmdk
+_make_test_img -u -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F vmdk $size
+echo
+# But the format must still be recognized
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F garbage $size
+_make_test_img -u -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F garbage $size
+_img_info
+
+echo
+echo "== qcow backed by raw =="
+
+rm "$TEST_IMG.base"
+truncate --size=$size "$TEST_IMG.base"
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" $size
+_img_info
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base" -F raw $size
+_img_info
+
+echo
+echo "== commit cannot change type of raw backing file =="
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.qcow2" IMGFMT=qcow2 _make_test_img $size
+truncate --size=$size "$TEST_IMG.qcow2"
+$QEMU_IMG convert -n -f raw -O $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG.qcow2" "$TEST_IMG"
+$QEMU_IMG commit -f $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG" && echo "unexpected success"
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _img_info
+
+# success, all done
+echo "*** done"
+rm -f $seq.full
+status=0
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/301.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/301.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9004dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/301.out
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+QA output created by 301
+
+== qcow backed by qcow ==
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432
+qemu-img: warning: Deprecated use of backing file without explicit backing format (detected format of IMGFMT)
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
+file format: IMGFMT
+virtual size: 32 MiB (33554432 bytes)
+cluster_size: 512
+backing file: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
+image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
+file format: IMGFMT
+virtual size: 32 MiB (33554432 bytes)
+cluster_size: 512
+backing file: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+
+== mismatched command line detection ==
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: invalid VMDK image descriptor
+Could not open backing image.
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: invalid VMDK image descriptor
+Could not open backing image.
+
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Image creation needs a size parameter
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=vmdk
+
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Unknown driver 'garbage'
+Could not open backing image.
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=garbage
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: unrecognized backing format 'garbage'
+image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
+file format: IMGFMT
+virtual size: 32 MiB (33554432 bytes)
+cluster_size: 512
+backing file: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+
+== qcow backed by raw ==
+qemu-img: warning: Deprecated use of backing file without explicit backing format (detected format of raw)
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
+file format: IMGFMT
+virtual size: 32 MiB (33554432 bytes)
+cluster_size: 512
+backing file: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=raw
+image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
+file format: IMGFMT
+virtual size: 32 MiB (33554432 bytes)
+cluster_size: 512
+backing file: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+
+== commit cannot change type of raw backing file ==
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=33554432
+qemu-img: Block job failed: Operation not permitted
+image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+file format: raw
+virtual size: 32 MiB (33554432 bytes)
+*** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/common.filter b/tests/qemu-iotests/common.filter
index c9f978a..9b77224 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/common.filter
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/common.filter
@@ -119,8 +119,21 @@
     $SED -s 's/\("actual-size":\s*\)[0-9]\+/\1SIZE/g'
 }
 
+# Filename filters for qemu-img create
+_filter_img_create_filenames()
+{
+    $SED \
+        -e "s#$REMOTE_TEST_DIR#TEST_DIR#g" \
+        -e "s#$IMGPROTO:$TEST_DIR#TEST_DIR#g" \
+        -e "s#$TEST_DIR#TEST_DIR#g" \
+        -e "s#$SOCK_DIR#SOCK_DIR#g" \
+        -e "s#$IMGFMT#IMGFMT#g" \
+        -e 's#nbd:127.0.0.1:[0-9]\\+#TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT#g' \
+        -e 's#nbd+unix:///\??socket=SOCK_DIR/nbd#TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT#g'
+}
+
 # replace driver-specific options in the "Formatting..." line
-_filter_img_create()
+_do_filter_img_create()
 {
     # Split the line into the pre-options part ($filename_part, which
     # precedes ", fmt=") and the options part ($options, which starts
@@ -128,23 +141,10 @@
     # (And just echo everything before the first "^Formatting")
     readarray formatting_line < <($SED -e 's/, fmt=/\n/')
 
-    filename_part=''
-    options=''
-    lines=${#formatting_line[@]}
-    for ((i = 0; i < $lines; i++)); do
-        line=${formatting_line[i]}
-        unset formatting_line[i]
+    filename_part=${formatting_line[0]}
+    unset formatting_line[0]
 
-        filename_part="$filename_part$line"
-
-        if echo "$line" | grep -q '^Formatting'; then
-            next_i=$((i + 1))
-            if [ -n "${formatting_line[next_i]}" ]; then
-                options="fmt=${formatting_line[@]}"
-            fi
-            break
-        fi
-    done
+    options="fmt=${formatting_line[@]}"
 
     # Set grep_data_file to '\|data_file' to keep it; make it empty
     # to drop it.
@@ -156,17 +156,7 @@
         grep_data_file=()
     fi
 
-    filename_filters=(
-        -e "s#$REMOTE_TEST_DIR#TEST_DIR#g" \
-        -e "s#$IMGPROTO:$TEST_DIR#TEST_DIR#g" \
-        -e "s#$TEST_DIR#TEST_DIR#g" \
-        -e "s#$SOCK_DIR#SOCK_DIR#g" \
-        -e "s#$IMGFMT#IMGFMT#g" \
-        -e 's#nbd:127.0.0.1:[0-9]\\+#TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT#g' \
-        -e 's#nbd+unix:///\??socket=SOCK_DIR/nbd#TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT#g'
-    )
-
-    filename_part=$(echo "$filename_part" | $SED "${filename_filters[@]}")
+    filename_part=$(echo "$filename_part" | _filter_img_create_filenames)
 
     # Break the option line before each option (preserving pre-existing
     # line breaks by replacing them by \0 and restoring them at the end),
@@ -179,7 +169,8 @@
         | $SED -e 's/ \([a-z0-9_.-]*\)=/\n\1=/g' \
         | grep -a -e '^fmt' -e '^size' -e '^backing' -e '^preallocation' \
                   -e '^encryption' "${grep_data_file[@]}" \
-        | $SED "${filename_filters[@]}" \
+        | _filter_img_create_filenames \
+        | $SED \
             -e 's/^\(fmt\)/0-\1/' \
             -e 's/^\(size\)/1-\1/' \
             -e 's/^\(backing\)/2-\1/' \
@@ -199,17 +190,16 @@
     fi
 }
 
-# Filter the "Formatting..." line in QMP output (leaving the QMP output
-# untouched)
-# (In contrast to _filter_img_create(), this function does not support
-# multi-line Formatting output)
-_filter_img_create_in_qmp()
+# Filter qemu-img create output:
+# Pipe all ^Formatting lines through _do_filter_img_create, and all
+# other lines through _filter_img_create_filenames
+_filter_img_create()
 {
     while read -r line; do
         if echo "$line" | grep -q '^Formatting'; then
-            echo "$line" | _filter_img_create
+            echo "$line" | _do_filter_img_create
         else
-            echo "$line"
+            echo "$line" | _filter_img_create_filenames
         fi
     done
 }
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/group b/tests/qemu-iotests/group
index 9b07a7e..a4f9e11 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/group
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/group
@@ -306,3 +306,4 @@
 295 rw
 296 rw
 297 meta
+301 backing quick
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/iotests.py b/tests/qemu-iotests/iotests.py
index 8b76040..3590ed7 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/iotests.py
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/iotests.py
@@ -35,13 +35,10 @@
 # pylint: disable=import-error, wrong-import-position
 sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', '..', 'python'))
 from qemu import qtest
+from qemu.qmp import QMPMessage
 
 assert sys.version_info >= (3, 6)
 
-# Type Aliases
-QMPResponse = Dict[str, Any]
-
-
 # Use this logger for logging messages directly from the iotests module
 logger = logging.getLogger('qemu.iotests')
 logger.addHandler(logging.NullHandler())
@@ -561,7 +558,7 @@
         self._args.append(addr)
         return self
 
-    def hmp(self, command_line: str, use_log: bool = False) -> QMPResponse:
+    def hmp(self, command_line: str, use_log: bool = False) -> QMPMessage:
         cmd = 'human-monitor-command'
         kwargs = {'command-line': command_line}
         if use_log:
@@ -582,7 +579,7 @@
         self.hmp(f'qemu-io {drive} "remove_break bp_{drive}"')
 
     def hmp_qemu_io(self, drive: str, cmd: str,
-                    use_log: bool = False) -> QMPResponse:
+                    use_log: bool = False) -> QMPMessage:
         """Write to a given drive using an HMP command"""
         return self.hmp(f'qemu-io {drive} "{cmd}"', use_log=use_log)
 
diff --git a/util/oslib-posix.c b/util/oslib-posix.c
index 72907d4..e60aea8 100644
--- a/util/oslib-posix.c
+++ b/util/oslib-posix.c
@@ -794,3 +794,38 @@
     }
     action->sa_sigaction(info->ssi_signo, &si, NULL);
 }
+
+#ifndef HOST_NAME_MAX
+# ifdef _POSIX_HOST_NAME_MAX
+#  define HOST_NAME_MAX _POSIX_HOST_NAME_MAX
+# else
+#  define HOST_NAME_MAX 255
+# endif
+#endif
+
+char *qemu_get_host_name(Error **errp)
+{
+    long len = -1;
+    g_autofree char *hostname = NULL;
+
+#ifdef _SC_HOST_NAME_MAX
+    len = sysconf(_SC_HOST_NAME_MAX);
+#endif /* _SC_HOST_NAME_MAX */
+
+    if (len < 0) {
+        len = HOST_NAME_MAX;
+    }
+
+    /* Unfortunately, gethostname() below does not guarantee a
+     * NULL terminated string. Therefore, allocate one byte more
+     * to be sure. */
+    hostname = g_new0(char, len + 1);
+
+    if (gethostname(hostname, len) < 0) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, errno,
+                         "cannot get hostname");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return g_steal_pointer(&hostname);
+}
diff --git a/util/oslib-win32.c b/util/oslib-win32.c
index e9b14ab..3b49d27 100644
--- a/util/oslib-win32.c
+++ b/util/oslib-win32.c
@@ -808,3 +808,16 @@
     }
     return true;
 }
+
+char *qemu_get_host_name(Error **errp)
+{
+    wchar_t tmp[MAX_COMPUTERNAME_LENGTH + 1];
+    DWORD size = G_N_ELEMENTS(tmp);
+
+    if (GetComputerNameW(tmp, &size) == 0) {
+        error_setg_win32(errp, GetLastError(), "failed close handle");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return g_utf16_to_utf8(tmp, size, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+}