src/core/thread/key_manager.hpp

/*
 *  Copyright (c) 2016, The OpenThread Authors.
 *  All rights reserved.
 *
 *  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 *  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *  3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the
 *     names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *     derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 *  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 *  AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 *  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 *  ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 *  LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 *  CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 *  SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 *  INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 *  CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 *  ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 *  POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/**
 * @file
 *   This file includes definitions for Thread security material generation.
 */

#ifndef KEY_MANAGER_HPP_
#define KEY_MANAGER_HPP_

#include "openthread-core-config.h"

#include <stdint.h>

#include <openthread/dataset.h>
#include <openthread/platform/crypto.h>

#include "common/as_core_type.hpp"
#include "common/clearable.hpp"
#include "common/encoding.hpp"
#include "common/equatable.hpp"
#include "common/locator.hpp"
#include "common/non_copyable.hpp"
#include "common/random.hpp"
#include "common/timer.hpp"
#include "crypto/hmac_sha256.hpp"
#include "mac/mac_types.hpp"
#include "thread/mle_types.hpp"

namespace ot {

/**
 * @addtogroup core-security
 *
 * @brief
 *   This module includes definitions for Thread security material generation.
 *
 * @{
 */

/**
 * This class represents Security Policy Rotation and Flags.
 *
 */
class SecurityPolicy : public otSecurityPolicy, public Equatable<SecurityPolicy>
{
public:
    /**
     * Offset between the Thread Version and the Version-threshold valid for Routing.
     *
     */
    static constexpr uint8_t kVersionThresholdOffsetVersion = 3;

    static constexpr uint16_t kMinKeyRotationTime     = 1;   ///< The minimum Key Rotation Time in hours.
    static constexpr uint16_t kDefaultKeyRotationTime = 672; ///< Default Key Rotation Time (in unit of hours).

    /**
     * This constructor initializes the object with default Key Rotation Time
     * and Security Policy Flags.
     *
     */
    SecurityPolicy(void) { SetToDefault(); }

    /**
     * This method sets the Security Policy to default values.
     *
     */
    void SetToDefault(void);

    /**
     * This method sets the Security Policy Flags.
     *
     * @param[in]  aFlags        The Security Policy Flags.
     * @param[in]  aFlagsLength  The length of the Security Policy Flags, 1 byte for
     *                           Thread 1.1 devices, and 2 bytes for Thread 1.2 or higher.
     *
     */
    void SetFlags(const uint8_t *aFlags, uint8_t aFlagsLength);

    /**
     * This method returns the Security Policy Flags.
     *
     * @param[out] aFlags        A pointer to the Security Policy Flags buffer.
     * @param[in]  aFlagsLength  The length of the Security Policy Flags buffer.
     *
     */
    void GetFlags(uint8_t *aFlags, uint8_t aFlagsLength) const;

private:
    static constexpr uint8_t kDefaultFlags                   = 0xff;
    static constexpr uint8_t kObtainNetworkKeyMask           = 1 << 7;
    static constexpr uint8_t kNativeCommissioningMask        = 1 << 6;
    static constexpr uint8_t kRoutersMask                    = 1 << 5;
    static constexpr uint8_t kExternalCommissioningMask      = 1 << 4;
    static constexpr uint8_t kBeaconsMask                    = 1 << 3;
    static constexpr uint8_t kCommercialCommissioningMask    = 1 << 2;
    static constexpr uint8_t kAutonomousEnrollmentMask       = 1 << 1;
    static constexpr uint8_t kNetworkKeyProvisioningMask     = 1 << 0;
    static constexpr uint8_t kTobleLinkMask                  = 1 << 7;
    static constexpr uint8_t kNonCcmRoutersMask              = 1 << 6;
    static constexpr uint8_t kReservedMask                   = 0x38;
    static constexpr uint8_t kVersionThresholdForRoutingMask = 0x07;

    void SetToDefaultFlags(void);
};

/**
 * This class represents a Thread Network Key.
 *
 */
OT_TOOL_PACKED_BEGIN
class NetworkKey : public otNetworkKey, public Equatable<NetworkKey>, public Clearable<NetworkKey>
{
public:
    static constexpr uint8_t kSize = OT_NETWORK_KEY_SIZE; ///< Size of the Thread Network Key (in bytes).

#if !OPENTHREAD_RADIO
    /**
     * This method generates a cryptographically secure random sequence to populate the Thread Network Key.
     *
     * @retval kErrorNone     Successfully generated a random Thread Network Key.
     * @retval kErrorFailed   Failed to generate random sequence.
     *
     */
    Error GenerateRandom(void) { return Random::Crypto::FillBuffer(m8, sizeof(m8)); }
#endif

} OT_TOOL_PACKED_END;

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_PLATFORM_KEY_REFERENCES_ENABLE
/**
 * Provides a representation for Network Key reference.
 *
 */
typedef otNetworkKeyRef NetworkKeyRef;
#endif

/**
 * This class represents a Thread Pre-Shared Key for the Commissioner (PSKc).
 *
 */
OT_TOOL_PACKED_BEGIN
class Pskc : public otPskc, public Equatable<Pskc>, public Clearable<Pskc>
{
public:
    static constexpr uint8_t kSize = OT_PSKC_MAX_SIZE; ///< Size (number of bytes) of the PSKc.

#if !OPENTHREAD_RADIO
    /**
     * This method generates a cryptographically secure random sequence to populate the Thread PSKc.
     *
     * @retval kErrorNone  Successfully generated a random Thread PSKc.
     *
     */
    Error GenerateRandom(void) { return Random::Crypto::FillBuffer(m8, sizeof(m8)); }
#endif
} OT_TOOL_PACKED_END;

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_PLATFORM_KEY_REFERENCES_ENABLE
/**
 * Provides a representation for Network Key reference.
 *
 */
typedef otPskcRef PskcRef;
#endif

/**
 *
 * This class represents a Key Encryption Key (KEK).
 *
 */
typedef Mac::Key Kek;

/**
 *
 * This class represents a Key Material for Key Encryption Key (KEK).
 *
 */
typedef Mac::KeyMaterial KekKeyMaterial;

/**
 * This class defines Thread Key Manager.
 *
 */
class KeyManager : public InstanceLocator, private NonCopyable
{
public:
    /**
     * This constructor initializes the object.
     *
     * @param[in]  aInstance     A reference to the OpenThread instance.
     *
     */
    explicit KeyManager(Instance &aInstance);

    /**
     * This method starts KeyManager rotation timer and sets guard timer to initial value.
     *
     */
    void Start(void);

    /**
     * This method stops KeyManager timers.
     *
     */
    void Stop(void);

    /**
     * This method gets the Thread Network Key.
     *
     * @param[out] aNetworkKey   A reference to a `NetworkKey` to output the Thread Network Key.
     *
     */
    void GetNetworkKey(NetworkKey &aNetworkKey) const;

    /**
     * This method sets the Thread Network Key.
     *
     * @param[in]  aNetworkKey        A Thread Network Key.
     *
     */
    void SetNetworkKey(const NetworkKey &aNetworkKey);

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_PLATFORM_KEY_REFERENCES_ENABLE
    /**
     * This method returns a Key Ref to Thread Network Key.
     *
     * @returns A key reference to the Thread Network Key.
     *
     */
    NetworkKeyRef GetNetworkKeyRef(void) { return mNetworkKeyRef; }

    /**
     * This method sets the Thread Network Key using Key Reference.
     *
     * @param[in]  aKeyRef        Reference to Thread Network Key.
     *
     */
    void SetNetworkKeyRef(NetworkKeyRef aKeyRef);
#endif

    /**
     * This method indicates whether the PSKc is configured.
     *
     * A value of all zeros indicates that the PSKc is not configured.
     *
     * @retval TRUE  if the PSKc is configured.
     * @retval FALSE if the PSKc is not not configured.
     *
     */
    bool IsPskcSet(void) const { return mIsPskcSet; }

    /**
     * This method gets the PKSc.
     *
     * @param[out] aPskc  A reference to a `Pskc` to return the PSKc.
     *
     */
    void GetPskc(Pskc &aPskc) const;

    /**
     * This method sets the PSKc.
     *
     * @param[in]  aPskc    A reference to the PSKc.
     *
     */
    void SetPskc(const Pskc &aPskc);

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_PLATFORM_KEY_REFERENCES_ENABLE
    /**
     * This method returns a Key Ref to PSKc.
     *
     * @returns A key reference to the PSKc.
     *
     */
    const PskcRef &GetPskcRef(void) { return mPskcRef; }

    /**
     * This method sets the PSKc as a Key reference.
     *
     * @param[in]  aPskc    A reference to the PSKc.
     *
     */
    void SetPskcRef(PskcRef aKeyRef);
#endif

    /**
     * This method returns the current key sequence value.
     *
     * @returns The current key sequence value.
     *
     */
    uint32_t GetCurrentKeySequence(void) const { return mKeySequence; }

    /**
     * This method sets the current key sequence value.
     *
     * @param[in]  aKeySequence  The key sequence value.
     *
     */
    void SetCurrentKeySequence(uint32_t aKeySequence);

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_RADIO_LINK_TREL_ENABLE
    /**
     * This method returns the current MAC key for TREL radio link.
     *
     * @returns The current TREL MAC key.
     *
     */
    const Mac::KeyMaterial &GetCurrentTrelMacKey(void) const { return mTrelKey; }

    /**
     * This method returns a temporary MAC key for TREL radio link computed from the given key sequence.
     *
     * @param[in]  aKeySequence  The key sequence value.
     *
     * @returns The temporary TREL MAC key.
     *
     */
    const Mac::KeyMaterial &GetTemporaryTrelMacKey(uint32_t aKeySequence);
#endif

    /**
     * This method returns the current MLE key Material.
     *
     * @returns The current MLE key.
     *
     */
    const Mle::KeyMaterial &GetCurrentMleKey(void) const { return mMleKey; }

    /**
     * This method returns a temporary MLE key Material computed from the given key sequence.
     *
     * @param[in]  aKeySequence  The key sequence value.
     *
     * @returns The temporary MLE key.
     *
     */
    const Mle::KeyMaterial &GetTemporaryMleKey(uint32_t aKeySequence);

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_RADIO_LINK_IEEE_802_15_4_ENABLE
    /**
     * This method returns the current MAC Frame Counter value for 15.4 radio link.
     *
     * @returns The current MAC Frame Counter value.
     *
     */
    uint32_t Get154MacFrameCounter(void) const { return mMacFrameCounters.Get154(); }
#endif

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_RADIO_LINK_TREL_ENABLE
    /**
     * This method returns the current MAC Frame Counter value for TREL radio link.
     *
     * @returns The current MAC Frame Counter value for TREL radio link.
     *
     */
    uint32_t GetTrelMacFrameCounter(void) const { return mMacFrameCounters.GetTrel(); }

    /**
     * This method increments the current MAC Frame Counter value for TREL radio link.
     *
     */
    void IncrementTrelMacFrameCounter(void);
#endif

    /**
     * This method gets the maximum MAC Frame Counter among all supported radio links.
     *
     * @return The maximum MAC frame Counter among all supported radio links.
     *
     */
    uint32_t GetMaximumMacFrameCounter(void) const { return mMacFrameCounters.GetMaximum(); }

    /**
     * This method sets the current MAC Frame Counter value for all radio links.
     *
     * @param[in]  aMacFrameCounter  The MAC Frame Counter value.
     *
     */
    void SetAllMacFrameCounters(uint32_t aMacFrameCounter);

    /**
     * This method sets the MAC Frame Counter value which is stored in non-volatile memory.
     *
     * @param[in]  aStoredMacFrameCounter  The stored MAC Frame Counter value.
     *
     */
    void SetStoredMacFrameCounter(uint32_t aStoredMacFrameCounter) { mStoredMacFrameCounter = aStoredMacFrameCounter; }

    /**
     * This method returns the current MLE Frame Counter value.
     *
     * @returns The current MLE Frame Counter value.
     *
     */
    uint32_t GetMleFrameCounter(void) const { return mMleFrameCounter; }

    /**
     * This method sets the current MLE Frame Counter value.
     *
     * @param[in]  aMleFrameCounter  The MLE Frame Counter value.
     *
     */
    void SetMleFrameCounter(uint32_t aMleFrameCounter) { mMleFrameCounter = aMleFrameCounter; }

    /**
     * This method sets the MLE Frame Counter value which is stored in non-volatile memory.
     *
     * @param[in]  aStoredMleFrameCounter  The stored MLE Frame Counter value.
     *
     */
    void SetStoredMleFrameCounter(uint32_t aStoredMleFrameCounter) { mStoredMleFrameCounter = aStoredMleFrameCounter; }

    /**
     * This method increments the current MLE Frame Counter value.
     *
     */
    void IncrementMleFrameCounter(void);

    /**
     * This method returns the KEK as `KekKeyMaterail`
     *
     * @returns The KEK as `KekKeyMaterial`.
     *
     */
    const KekKeyMaterial &GetKek(void) const { return mKek; }

    /**
     * This method retrieves the KEK as literal `Kek` key.
     *
     * @param[out] aKek  A reference to a `Kek` to output the retrieved KEK.
     *
     */
    void ExtractKek(Kek &aKek) { mKek.ExtractKey(aKek); }

    /**
     * This method sets the KEK.
     *
     * @param[in]  aKek  A KEK.
     *
     */
    void SetKek(const Kek &aKek);

    /**
     * This method sets the KEK.
     *
     * @param[in]  aKekBytes  A pointer to the KEK bytes.
     *
     */
    void SetKek(const uint8_t *aKekBytes) { SetKek(*reinterpret_cast<const Kek *>(aKekBytes)); }

    /**
     * This method returns the current KEK Frame Counter value.
     *
     * @returns The current KEK Frame Counter value.
     *
     */
    uint32_t GetKekFrameCounter(void) const { return mKekFrameCounter; }

    /**
     * This method increments the current KEK Frame Counter value.
     *
     */
    void IncrementKekFrameCounter(void) { mKekFrameCounter++; }

    /**
     * This method returns the KeySwitchGuardTime.
     *
     * The KeySwitchGuardTime is the time interval during which key rotation procedure is prevented.
     *
     * @returns The KeySwitchGuardTime value in hours.
     *
     */
    uint32_t GetKeySwitchGuardTime(void) const { return mKeySwitchGuardTime; }

    /**
     * This method sets the KeySwitchGuardTime.
     *
     * The KeySwitchGuardTime is the time interval during which key rotation procedure is prevented.
     *
     * @param[in]  aKeySwitchGuardTime  The KeySwitchGuardTime value in hours.
     *
     */
    void SetKeySwitchGuardTime(uint32_t aKeySwitchGuardTime) { mKeySwitchGuardTime = aKeySwitchGuardTime; }

    /**
     * This method returns the Security Policy.
     *
     * The Security Policy specifies Key Rotation Time and network administrator preferences
     * for which security-related operations are allowed or disallowed.
     *
     * @returns The SecurityPolicy.
     *
     */
    const SecurityPolicy &GetSecurityPolicy(void) const { return mSecurityPolicy; }

    /**
     * This method sets the Security Policy.
     *
     * The Security Policy specifies Key Rotation Time and network administrator preferences
     * for which security-related operations are allowed or disallowed.
     *
     * @param[in]  aSecurityPolicy  The Security Policy.
     *
     */
    void SetSecurityPolicy(const SecurityPolicy &aSecurityPolicy);

    /**
     * This method updates the MAC keys and MLE key.
     *
     */
    void UpdateKeyMaterial(void);

    /**
     * This method handles MAC frame counter changes (callback from `SubMac` for 15.4 security frame change).
     *
     * This is called to indicate the @p aMacFrameCounter value is now used.
     *
     * @param[in]  aMacFrameCounter  The 15.4 link MAC frame counter value.
     *
     */
    void MacFrameCounterUsed(uint32_t aMacFrameCounter);

private:
    static constexpr uint32_t kDefaultKeySwitchGuardTime = 624;
    static constexpr uint32_t kOneHourIntervalInMsec     = 3600u * 1000u;
    static constexpr bool     kExportableMacKeys         = OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_PLATFORM_MAC_KEYS_EXPORTABLE_ENABLE;

    OT_TOOL_PACKED_BEGIN
    struct Keys
    {
        Mle::Key mMleKey;
        Mac::Key mMacKey;
    } OT_TOOL_PACKED_END;

    union HashKeys
    {
        Crypto::HmacSha256::Hash mHash;
        Keys                     mKeys;

        const Mle::Key &GetMleKey(void) const { return mKeys.mMleKey; }
        const Mac::Key &GetMacKey(void) const { return mKeys.mMacKey; }
    };

    void ComputeKeys(uint32_t aKeySequence, HashKeys &aHashKeys);

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_RADIO_LINK_TREL_ENABLE
    void ComputeTrelKey(uint32_t aKeySequence, Mac::Key &aKey);
#endif

    void        StartKeyRotationTimer(void);
    static void HandleKeyRotationTimer(Timer &aTimer);
    void        HandleKeyRotationTimer(void);

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_PLATFORM_KEY_REFERENCES_ENABLE
    void StoreNetworkKey(const NetworkKey &aNetworkKey, bool aOverWriteExisting);
    void StorePskc(const Pskc &aPskc);
#endif

    void ResetFrameCounters(void);

    static const uint8_t kThreadString[];

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_RADIO_LINK_TREL_ENABLE
    static const uint8_t kHkdfExtractSaltString[];
    static const uint8_t kTrelInfoString[];
#endif

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_PLATFORM_KEY_REFERENCES_ENABLE
    NetworkKeyRef mNetworkKeyRef;
#else
    NetworkKey mNetworkKey;
#endif

    uint32_t         mKeySequence;
    Mle::KeyMaterial mMleKey;
    Mle::KeyMaterial mTemporaryMleKey;

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_RADIO_LINK_TREL_ENABLE
    Mac::KeyMaterial mTrelKey;
    Mac::KeyMaterial mTemporaryTrelKey;
#endif

    Mac::LinkFrameCounters mMacFrameCounters;
    uint32_t               mMleFrameCounter;
    uint32_t               mStoredMacFrameCounter;
    uint32_t               mStoredMleFrameCounter;

    uint32_t   mHoursSinceKeyRotation;
    uint32_t   mKeySwitchGuardTime;
    bool       mKeySwitchGuardEnabled;
    TimerMilli mKeyRotationTimer;

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_PLATFORM_KEY_REFERENCES_ENABLE
    PskcRef mPskcRef;
#else
    Pskc       mPskc;
#endif

    KekKeyMaterial mKek;
    uint32_t       mKekFrameCounter;

    SecurityPolicy mSecurityPolicy;
    bool           mIsPskcSet : 1;
};

/**
 * @}
 */

DefineCoreType(otSecurityPolicy, SecurityPolicy);
DefineCoreType(otNetworkKey, NetworkKey);
DefineCoreType(otPskc, Pskc);

} // namespace ot

#endif // KEY_MANAGER_HPP_