diff --git a/.doozer.json b/.doozer.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 7dbaa5d..0000000
--- a/.doozer.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "targets": {
-    "xenial-i386": {
-      "buildenv": "xenial-i386",
-      "builddeps": ["build-essential", "cmake"],
-      "buildcmd": ["mkdir cm", "cd cm", "cmake ..", "cmake --build .", "ctest --output-on-failure"]
-    },
-    "xenial-amd64": {
-      "buildenv": "xenial-amd64",
-      "builddeps": ["build-essential", "cmake"],
-      "buildcmd": ["mkdir cm", "cd cm", "cmake ..", "cmake --build .", "ctest --output-on-failure"]
-    },
-    "fedora24-x86_64": {
-      "buildenv": "fedora24-x86_64",
-      "builddeps": ["cmake", "make", "clang"],
-      "buildcmd": ["mkdir cm", "cd cm", "CXX=clang++ cmake ..", "cmake --build .", "ctest --output-on-failure"]
-    },
-    "osx": {
-      "buildenv": "osx",
-      "builddeps": ["build-essential"],
-      "buildcmd": ["make check"]
-    }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 6e15abc..69a81cb 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 *.gcno
 *.gcda
 
+build
 working
 
 doc/xml
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index ef5c614..c3cba69 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -228,6 +228,14 @@
   # make sure CXX is correctly set
   - if [[ "${COMPILER}" != "" ]]; then export CXX=${COMPILER}; fi
 
+  # get CMake (only for systems with brew - macOS)
+  - |
+     if [[ !(-x $(which cmake)) && (-x $(which brew)) ]]; then
+       brew update
+       brew install cmake
+       cmake --version
+     fi
+
   # install LLVM/clang when LLVM_VERSION is set
   - |
      if [[ "${LLVM_VERSION}" != "" ]]; then
@@ -266,7 +274,10 @@
   - $CXX --version
 
   # compile and execute unit tests
-  - make check
+  - mkdir -p build && cd build
+  - cmake .. && cmake --build . --config Release -- -j4
+  - ctest -C Release -V
+  - cd ..
 
   # check if homebrew works (only checks develop branch)
   - if [ `which brew` ]; then
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index f1ccf47..30e3966 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
 
 # define the project
-project(nlohmann_json VERSION 2.1.0 LANGUAGES CXX)
+project(nlohmann_json VERSION 2.1.1 LANGUAGES CXX)
 
 enable_testing()
 
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 set(JSON_CONFIG_DESTINATION "cmake")
 set(JSON_INCLUDE_DESTINATION "include/nlohmann")
 
+set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake")
+
 # create and configure the library target
 add_library(${JSON_TARGET_NAME} INTERFACE)
 target_include_directories(${JSON_TARGET_NAME} INTERFACE
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@
   $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${JSON_INCLUDE_DESTINATION}>)
 
 # create and configure the unit test target
-if (BuildTests)
+if(BuildTests)
     add_subdirectory(test)
 endif()
 
@@ -39,17 +41,17 @@
 
 # export the library target and store build directory in package registry
 export(TARGETS ${JSON_TARGET_NAME}
-	FILE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${JSON_TARGETS_FILENAME}")
+    FILE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${JSON_TARGETS_FILENAME}")
 export(PACKAGE ${JSON_PACKAGE_NAME})
 
 # install library target and config files
 install(TARGETS ${JSON_TARGET_NAME}
-	EXPORT ${JSON_PACKAGE_NAME})
+    EXPORT ${JSON_PACKAGE_NAME})
 install(FILES "src/json.hpp"
-	DESTINATION ${JSON_INCLUDE_DESTINATION})
+    DESTINATION ${JSON_INCLUDE_DESTINATION})
 install(EXPORT ${JSON_PACKAGE_NAME}
-	FILE ${JSON_TARGETS_FILENAME}
-	DESTINATION ${JSON_CONFIG_DESTINATION})
+    FILE ${JSON_TARGETS_FILENAME}
+    DESTINATION ${JSON_CONFIG_DESTINATION})
 install(FILES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${JSON_CONFIG_FILENAME}"
-	"${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${JSON_CONFIGVERSION_FILENAME}"
-	DESTINATION ${JSON_CONFIG_DESTINATION})
+    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${JSON_CONFIGVERSION_FILENAME}"
+    DESTINATION ${JSON_CONFIG_DESTINATION})
diff --git a/ChangeLog.md b/ChangeLog.md
index 0e2f8da..76244c5 100644
--- a/ChangeLog.md
+++ b/ChangeLog.md
@@ -1,6 +1,40 @@
 # Change Log
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
 
+## [v2.1.1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.1.1) (2017-02-25)
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.1.0...v2.1.1)
+
+- warning in the library [\#472](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/472)
+- How to create an array of Objects? [\#470](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/470)
+- \[Bug?\] Cannot get int pointer, but int64\_t works [\#468](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/468)
+- Illegal indirection [\#467](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/467)
+- in vs can't find linkageId   [\#466](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/466)
+- Roundtrip error while parsing "1000000000000000010E5" [\#465](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/465)
+- C4996 error and warning with Visual Studio [\#463](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/463)
+- Support startIndex for from\_cbor/from\_msgpack [\#462](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/462)
+- question: monospace font used in feature slideshow? [\#460](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/460)
+- Object.keys\(\) [\#459](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/459)
+- Use “, “ as delimiter for json-objects. [\#457](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/457)
+- Enum -\> string during serialization and vice versa [\#455](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/455)
+- doubles are printed as integers [\#454](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/454)
+- Warnings with Visual Studio c++ \(VS2015 Update 3\) [\#453](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/453)
+- Heap-buffer-overflow \(OSS-Fuzz issue 585\) [\#452](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/452)
+- use of undeclared identifier 'UINT8\_MAX' [\#451](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/451)
+- Question on the lifetime managment of objects at the lower levels [\#449](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/449)
+- Json should not be constructible with 'json\*' [\#448](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/448)
+- Move value\_t to namespace scope [\#447](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/447)
+- Typo in README.md [\#446](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/446)
+- make check compilation is unneccesarily slow [\#445](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/445)
+- Problem in dump\(\) in json.h caused by ss.imbue [\#444](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/444)
+- I want to create Windows Application in Visual Studio 2015 c++, and i have a problem [\#443](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/443)
+- Implicit conversion issues [\#442](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/442)
+- Parsing of floats locale dependent [\#302](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/302)
+
+- Speedup CI builds using cotire [\#461](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/461) ([tusharpm](https://github.com/tusharpm))
+- TurpentineDistillery feature/locale independent str to num [\#450](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/450) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- README: adjust boost::optional example [\#439](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/439) ([jaredgrubb](https://github.com/jaredgrubb))
+- fix \#414 - comparing to 0 literal [\#415](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/415) ([stanmihai4](https://github.com/stanmihai4))
+
 ## [v2.1.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.1.0) (2017-01-28)
 [Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.0.10...v2.1.0)
 
@@ -20,6 +54,7 @@
 - size parameter for parse\(\) [\#419](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/419)
 - json.hpp forcibly defines GCC\_VERSION [\#417](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/417)
 - Use-of-uninitialized-value \(OSS-Fuzz issue 377\) [\#416](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/416)
+- comparing to 0 literal [\#414](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/414)
 - Single char converted to ASCII code instead of string [\#413](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/413)
 - How to know if a string  was parsed as utf-8? [\#406](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/406)
 - Overloaded += to add objects to an array makes no sense? [\#404](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/404)
@@ -37,6 +72,7 @@
 
 - conversion from/to user-defined types [\#435](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/435) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
 - Fix documentation error [\#430](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/430) ([vjon](https://github.com/vjon))
+- locale-independent num-to-str [\#378](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/378) ([TurpentineDistillery](https://github.com/TurpentineDistillery))
 
 ## [v2.0.10](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.0.10) (2017-01-02)
 [Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.0.9...v2.0.10)
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 56cbdb0..ac75bca 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -42,6 +42,28 @@
 
 
 ##########################################################################
+# warning detector
+##########################################################################
+
+# calling Clang with all warnings, except:
+# -Wno-documentation-unknown-command: code uses user-defined commands like @complexity
+# -Wno-exit-time-destructors: warning in Catch code
+# -Wno-keyword-macro: unit-tests use "#define private public"
+# -Wno-deprecated-declarations: some functions are deprecated until 3.0.0
+# -Wno-range-loop-analysis: iterator_wrapper tests tests "for(const auto i...)"
+pedantic:
+	$(MAKE) json_unit CXXFLAGS="\
+		-std=c++11 \
+		-Werror \
+		-Weverything \
+		-Wno-documentation-unknown-command \
+		-Wno-exit-time-destructors \
+		-Wno-keyword-macro \
+		-Wno-deprecated-declarations \
+		-Wno-range-loop-analysis"
+
+
+##########################################################################
 # fuzzing
 ##########################################################################
 
@@ -94,7 +116,7 @@
 
 # run clang sanitize (we are overrding the CXXFLAGS provided by travis in order to use gcc's libstdc++)
 clang_sanitize: clean
-	CXX=clang++ CXXFLAGS="-g -O2 -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-omit-frame-pointer" $(MAKE)
+	CXX=clang++ CXXFLAGS="-g -O2 -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-omit-frame-pointer" $(MAKE) check
 
 
 ##########################################################################
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 1ee358e..1334180 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json)
 [![Build Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/1acb366xfyg3qybk/branch/develop?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/nlohmann/json)
-[![Build status](https://doozer.io/badge/nlohmann/json/buildstatus/develop)](https://doozer.io/user/nlohmann/json)
 [![Coverage Status](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/nlohmann/json.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/nlohmann/json)
 [![Coverity Scan Build Status](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/5550/badge.svg)](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/nlohmann-json)
+[![Codacy Badge](https://api.codacy.com/project/badge/Grade/f3732b3327e34358a0e9d1fe9f661f08)](https://www.codacy.com/app/nlohmann/json?utm_source=github.com&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=nlohmann/json&amp;utm_campaign=Badge_Grade)
 [![Try online](https://img.shields.io/badge/try-online-blue.svg)](http://melpon.org/wandbox/permlink/4NEU6ZZMoM9lpIex)
 [![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-doxygen-blue.svg)](http://nlohmann.github.io/json)
 [![GitHub license](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nlohmann/json/master/LICENSE.MIT)
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 - [Supported compilers](#supported-compilers)
 - [License](#license)
 - [Thanks](#thanks)
+- [Used third-party tools](#used-third-party-tools)
+- [Projects using JSON for Modern C++](#projects-using-json-for-modern-c)
 - [Notes](#notes)
 - [Execute unit tests](#execute-unit-tests)
 
@@ -167,8 +169,14 @@
     "pi": 3.141
   }
 )"_json;
+```
 
-// or explicitly
+Note that without appending the `_json` suffix, the passed string literal is not parsed, but just used as JSON string value. That is, `json j = "{ \"happy\": true, \"pi\": 3.141 }"` would just store the string `"{ "happy": true, "pi": 3.141 }"` rather than parsing the actual object.
+
+The above example can also be expressed explicitly using `json::parse()`:
+
+```cpp
+// parse explicitly
 auto j3 = json::parse("{ \"happy\": true, \"pi\": 3.141 }");
 ```
 
@@ -563,7 +571,9 @@
         }
 
         static void from_json(const json& j, boost::optional<T>& opt) {
-            if (!j.is_null()) {
+            if (j.is_null()) {
+                opt = boost::none;
+            } else {
                 opt = j.get<T>(); // same as above, but with 
                                   // adl_serializer<T>::from_json
             }
@@ -800,7 +810,7 @@
 - [Vladimir Petrigo](https://github.com/vpetrigo) made a SFINAE hack more readable.
 - [Denis Andrejew](https://github.com/seeekr) fixed a grammar issue in the README file.
 - [Pierre-Antoine Lacaze](https://github.com/palacaze) found a subtle bug in the `dump()` function.
-- [TurpentineDistillery](https://github.com/TurpentineDistillery) pointed to [`std::locale::classic()`](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/locale/locale/classic) to avoid too much locale joggling, found some nice performance improvements in the parser and improved the benchmarking code.
+- [TurpentineDistillery](https://github.com/TurpentineDistillery) pointed to [`std::locale::classic()`](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/locale/locale/classic) to avoid too much locale joggling, found some nice performance improvements in the parser, improved the benchmarking code, and realized locale-independent number parsing and printing.
 - [cgzones](https://github.com/cgzones) had an idea how to fix the Coverity scan.
 - [Jared Grubb](https://github.com/jaredgrubb) silenced a nasty documentation warning.
 - [Yixin Zhang](https://github.com/qwename) fixed an integer overflow check.
@@ -811,10 +821,49 @@
 - [Alexej Harm](https://github.com/qis) helped to get the user-defined types working with Visual Studio.
 - [Jared Grubb](https://github.com/jaredgrubb) supported the implementation of user-defined types.
 - [EnricoBilla](https://github.com/EnricoBilla) noted a typo in an example.
+- [Martin Hořeňovský](https://github.com/horenmar) found a way for a 2x speedup for the compilation time of the test suite.
+- [ukhegg](https://github.com/ukhegg) found proposed an improvement for the examples section.
+- [rswanson-ihi](https://github.com/rswanson-ihi) noted a type in the README.
+- [Mihai Stan](https://github.com/stanmihai4) fixed a bug in the comparison with `nullptr`s.
+- [Tushar Maheshwari](https://github.com/tusharpm) added [cotire](https://github.com/sakra/cotire) support to speed up the compilation.
 
 Thanks a lot for helping out! Please [let me know](mailto:mail@nlohmann.me) if I forgot someone.
 
 
+## Used third-party tools
+
+The library itself contains of a single header file licensed under the MIT license. However, it is built, tested, documented, and whatnot using a lot of thirs-party tools and services. Thanks a lot!
+
+- [**American fuzzy lop**](http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/) for fuzz testing
+- [**AppVeyor**](https://www.appveyor.com) for [continuous integration](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/nlohmann/json) on Windows
+- [**Artistic Style**](http://astyle.sourceforge.net) for automatic source code identation
+- [**benchpress**](https://github.com/sbs-ableton/benchpress) to benchmark the code
+- [**Catch**](https://github.com/philsquared/Catch) for the unit tests
+- [**Clang**](http://clang.llvm.org) for compilation with code sanitizers
+- [**Cmake**](https://cmake.org) for build automation
+- [**Codacity**](https://www.codacy.com) for further [code analysis](https://www.codacy.com/app/nlohmann/json)
+- [**cotire**](https://github.com/sakra/cotire) to speed of compilation
+- [**Coveralls**](https://coveralls.io) to measure [code coverage](https://coveralls.io/github/nlohmann/json)
+- [**Coverity Scan**](https://scan.coverity.com) for [static analysis](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/nlohmann-json)
+- [**cppcheck**](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net) for static analysis
+- [**cxxopts**](https://github.com/jarro2783/cxxopts) to let benchpress parse command-line parameters
+- [**Doxygen**](http://www.stack.nl/~dimitri/doxygen/) to generate [documentation](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/)
+- [**git-update-ghpages**](https://github.com/rstacruz/git-update-ghpages) to upload the documentation to gh-pages
+- [**Github Changelog Generator**](https://github.com/skywinder/github-changelog-generator) to generate the [ChangeLog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/ChangeLog.md)
+- [**libFuzzer**](http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html) to implement fuzz testing for OSS-Fuzz
+- [**OSS-Fuzz**](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz) for continuous fuzz testing of the library
+- [**re2c**](http://re2c.org) to generate an automaton for the lexical analysis
+- [**send_to_wandbox**](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/doc/scripts/send_to_wandbox.py) to send code examples to [Wandbox](http://melpon.org/wandbox)
+- [**Travis**](https://travis-ci.org) for [continuous integration](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json) on Linux and macOS
+- [**Valgrind**](http://valgrind.org) to check for correct memory management
+- [**Wandbox**](http://melpon.org/wandbox) for [online examples](http://melpon.org/wandbox/permlink/4NEU6ZZMoM9lpIex)
+
+
+## Projects using JSON for Modern C++
+
+The library is currently used in Apple macOS Sierra and iOS 10. I am not sure what they are using the library for, but I am happy that it runs on so many devices.
+
+
 ## Notes
 
 - The code contains numerous debug **assertions** which can be switched off by defining the preprocessor macro `NDEBUG`, see the [documentation of `assert`](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/assert). In particular, note [`operator[]`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a2e26bd0b0168abb61f67ad5bcd5b9fa1.html#a2e26bd0b0168abb61f67ad5bcd5b9fa1) implements **unchecked access** for const objects: If the given key is not present, the behavior is undefined (think of a dereferenced null pointer) and yields an [assertion failure](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/289) if assertions are switched on. If you are not sure whether an element in an object exists, use checked access with the [`at()` function](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a674de1ee73e6bf4843fc5dc1351fb726.html#a674de1ee73e6bf4843fc5dc1351fb726).
@@ -838,7 +887,7 @@
 $ ./test/json_unit "*""
 
 ===============================================================================
-All tests passed (11202052 assertions in 47 test cases)
+All tests passed (11202597 assertions in 47 test cases)
 ```
 
 Alternatively, you can use [CMake](https://cmake.org) and run
diff --git a/appveyor.yml b/appveyor.yml
index a527ef7..3960f4d 100644
--- a/appveyor.yml
+++ b/appveyor.yml
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-version: '{build}'
-os: Visual Studio 2015
-init: []
-install: []
-build_script:
-- set PATH=C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\Bin;%PATH%
-- cmake . -G "Visual Studio 14 2015"
-- cmake --build . --config Release
-test_script:
-- ctest -C Release -V
+version: '{build}'
+os: Visual Studio 2015
+init: []
+install: []
+build_script:
+- set PATH=C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\Bin;%PATH%
+- cmake . -G "Visual Studio 14 2015"
+- cmake --build . --config Release
+test_script:
+- ctest -C Release -V
diff --git a/cmake/cotire.cmake b/cmake/cotire.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab61100
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/cotire.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,4008 @@
+# - cotire (compile time reducer)
+#
+# See the cotire manual for usage hints.
+#
+#=============================================================================
+# Copyright 2012-2016 Sascha Kratky
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+# obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+# files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+# restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+# copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+# conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+# OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#=============================================================================
+
+if(__COTIRE_INCLUDED)
+	return()
+endif()
+set(__COTIRE_INCLUDED TRUE)
+
+# call cmake_minimum_required, but prevent modification of the CMake policy stack in include mode
+# cmake_minimum_required also sets the policy version as a side effect, which we have to avoid
+if (NOT CMAKE_SCRIPT_MODE_FILE)
+	cmake_policy(PUSH)
+endif()
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.12)
+if (NOT CMAKE_SCRIPT_MODE_FILE)
+	cmake_policy(POP)
+endif()
+
+set (COTIRE_CMAKE_MODULE_FILE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}")
+set (COTIRE_CMAKE_MODULE_VERSION "1.7.9")
+
+# activate select policies
+if (POLICY CMP0025)
+	# Compiler id for Apple Clang is now AppleClang
+	cmake_policy(SET CMP0025 NEW)
+endif()
+
+if (POLICY CMP0026)
+	# disallow use of the LOCATION target property
+	cmake_policy(SET CMP0026 NEW)
+endif()
+
+if (POLICY CMP0038)
+	# targets may not link directly to themselves
+	cmake_policy(SET CMP0038 NEW)
+endif()
+
+if (POLICY CMP0039)
+	# utility targets may not have link dependencies
+	cmake_policy(SET CMP0039 NEW)
+endif()
+
+if (POLICY CMP0040)
+	# target in the TARGET signature of add_custom_command() must exist
+	cmake_policy(SET CMP0040 NEW)
+endif()
+
+if (POLICY CMP0045)
+	# error on non-existent target in get_target_property
+	cmake_policy(SET CMP0045 NEW)
+endif()
+
+if (POLICY CMP0046)
+	# error on non-existent dependency in add_dependencies
+	cmake_policy(SET CMP0046 NEW)
+endif()
+
+if (POLICY CMP0049)
+	# do not expand variables in target source entries
+	cmake_policy(SET CMP0049 NEW)
+endif()
+
+if (POLICY CMP0050)
+	# disallow add_custom_command SOURCE signatures
+	cmake_policy(SET CMP0050 NEW)
+endif()
+
+if (POLICY CMP0051)
+	# include TARGET_OBJECTS expressions in a target's SOURCES property
+	cmake_policy(SET CMP0051 NEW)
+endif()
+
+if (POLICY CMP0053)
+	# simplify variable reference and escape sequence evaluation
+	cmake_policy(SET CMP0053 NEW)
+endif()
+
+if (POLICY CMP0054)
+	# only interpret if() arguments as variables or keywords when unquoted
+	cmake_policy(SET CMP0054 NEW)
+endif()
+
+include(CMakeParseArguments)
+include(ProcessorCount)
+
+function (cotire_get_configuration_types _configsVar)
+	set (_configs "")
+	if (CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES)
+		list (APPEND _configs ${CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES})
+	endif()
+	if (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+		list (APPEND _configs "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")
+	endif()
+	if (_configs)
+		list (REMOVE_DUPLICATES _configs)
+		set (${_configsVar} ${_configs} PARENT_SCOPE)
+	else()
+		set (${_configsVar} "None" PARENT_SCOPE)
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_source_file_extension _sourceFile _extVar)
+	# get_filename_component returns extension from first occurrence of . in file name
+	# this function computes the extension from last occurrence of . in file name
+	string (FIND "${_sourceFile}" "." _index REVERSE)
+	if (_index GREATER -1)
+		math (EXPR _index "${_index} + 1")
+		string (SUBSTRING "${_sourceFile}" ${_index} -1 _sourceExt)
+	else()
+		set (_sourceExt "")
+	endif()
+	set (${_extVar} "${_sourceExt}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+macro (cotire_check_is_path_relative_to _path _isRelativeVar)
+	set (${_isRelativeVar} FALSE)
+	if (IS_ABSOLUTE "${_path}")
+		foreach (_dir ${ARGN})
+			file (RELATIVE_PATH _relPath "${_dir}" "${_path}")
+			if (NOT _relPath OR (NOT IS_ABSOLUTE "${_relPath}" AND NOT "${_relPath}" MATCHES "^\\.\\."))
+				set (${_isRelativeVar} TRUE)
+				break()
+			endif()
+		endforeach()
+	endif()
+endmacro()
+
+function (cotire_filter_language_source_files _language _target _sourceFilesVar _excludedSourceFilesVar _cotiredSourceFilesVar)
+	if (CMAKE_${_language}_SOURCE_FILE_EXTENSIONS)
+		set (_languageExtensions "${CMAKE_${_language}_SOURCE_FILE_EXTENSIONS}")
+	else()
+		set (_languageExtensions "")
+	endif()
+	if (CMAKE_${_language}_IGNORE_EXTENSIONS)
+		set (_ignoreExtensions "${CMAKE_${_language}_IGNORE_EXTENSIONS}")
+	else()
+		set (_ignoreExtensions "")
+	endif()
+	if (COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_EXCLUDE_EXTENSIONS)
+		set (_excludeExtensions "${COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_EXCLUDE_EXTENSIONS}")
+	else()
+		set (_excludeExtensions "")
+	endif()
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _languageExtensions)
+		message (STATUS "${_language} source file extensions: ${_languageExtensions}")
+	endif()
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _ignoreExtensions)
+		message (STATUS "${_language} ignore extensions: ${_ignoreExtensions}")
+	endif()
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _excludeExtensions)
+		message (STATUS "${_language} exclude extensions: ${_excludeExtensions}")
+	endif()
+	if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "3.1.0")
+		set (_allSourceFiles ${ARGN})
+	else()
+		# as of CMake 3.1 target sources may contain generator expressions
+		# since we cannot obtain required property information about source files added
+		# through generator expressions at configure time, we filter them out
+		string (GENEX_STRIP "${ARGN}" _allSourceFiles)
+	endif()
+	set (_filteredSourceFiles "")
+	set (_excludedSourceFiles "")
+	foreach (_sourceFile ${_allSourceFiles})
+		get_source_file_property(_sourceIsHeaderOnly "${_sourceFile}" HEADER_FILE_ONLY)
+		get_source_file_property(_sourceIsExternal "${_sourceFile}" EXTERNAL_OBJECT)
+		get_source_file_property(_sourceIsSymbolic "${_sourceFile}" SYMBOLIC)
+		if (NOT _sourceIsHeaderOnly AND NOT _sourceIsExternal AND NOT _sourceIsSymbolic)
+			cotire_get_source_file_extension("${_sourceFile}" _sourceExt)
+			if (_sourceExt)
+				list (FIND _ignoreExtensions "${_sourceExt}" _ignoreIndex)
+				if (_ignoreIndex LESS 0)
+					list (FIND _excludeExtensions "${_sourceExt}" _excludeIndex)
+					if (_excludeIndex GREATER -1)
+						list (APPEND _excludedSourceFiles "${_sourceFile}")
+					else()
+						list (FIND _languageExtensions "${_sourceExt}" _sourceIndex)
+						if (_sourceIndex GREATER -1)
+							# consider source file unless it is excluded explicitly
+							get_source_file_property(_sourceIsExcluded "${_sourceFile}" COTIRE_EXCLUDED)
+							if (_sourceIsExcluded)
+								list (APPEND _excludedSourceFiles "${_sourceFile}")
+							else()
+								list (APPEND _filteredSourceFiles "${_sourceFile}")
+							endif()
+						else()
+							get_source_file_property(_sourceLanguage "${_sourceFile}" LANGUAGE)
+							if ("${_sourceLanguage}" STREQUAL "${_language}")
+								# add to excluded sources, if file is not ignored and has correct language without having the correct extension
+								list (APPEND _excludedSourceFiles "${_sourceFile}")
+							endif()
+						endif()
+					endif()
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	# separate filtered source files from already cotired ones
+	# the COTIRE_TARGET property of a source file may be set while a target is being processed by cotire
+	set (_sourceFiles "")
+	set (_cotiredSourceFiles "")
+	foreach (_sourceFile ${_filteredSourceFiles})
+		get_source_file_property(_sourceIsCotired "${_sourceFile}" COTIRE_TARGET)
+		if (_sourceIsCotired)
+			list (APPEND _cotiredSourceFiles "${_sourceFile}")
+		else()
+			get_source_file_property(_sourceCompileFlags "${_sourceFile}" COMPILE_FLAGS)
+			if (_sourceCompileFlags)
+				# add to excluded sources, if file has custom compile flags
+				list (APPEND _excludedSourceFiles "${_sourceFile}")
+			else()
+				list (APPEND _sourceFiles "${_sourceFile}")
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+		if (_sourceFiles)
+			message (STATUS "Filtered ${_target} ${_language} sources: ${_sourceFiles}")
+		endif()
+		if (_excludedSourceFiles)
+			message (STATUS "Excluded ${_target} ${_language} sources: ${_excludedSourceFiles}")
+		endif()
+		if (_cotiredSourceFiles)
+			message (STATUS "Cotired ${_target} ${_language} sources: ${_cotiredSourceFiles}")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set (${_sourceFilesVar} ${_sourceFiles} PARENT_SCOPE)
+	set (${_excludedSourceFilesVar} ${_excludedSourceFiles} PARENT_SCOPE)
+	set (${_cotiredSourceFilesVar} ${_cotiredSourceFiles} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_objects_with_property_on _filteredObjectsVar _property _type)
+	set (_filteredObjects "")
+	foreach (_object ${ARGN})
+		get_property(_isSet ${_type} "${_object}" PROPERTY ${_property} SET)
+		if (_isSet)
+			get_property(_propertyValue ${_type} "${_object}" PROPERTY ${_property})
+			if (_propertyValue)
+				list (APPEND _filteredObjects "${_object}")
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	set (${_filteredObjectsVar} ${_filteredObjects} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_objects_with_property_off _filteredObjectsVar _property _type)
+	set (_filteredObjects "")
+	foreach (_object ${ARGN})
+		get_property(_isSet ${_type} "${_object}" PROPERTY ${_property} SET)
+		if (_isSet)
+			get_property(_propertyValue ${_type} "${_object}" PROPERTY ${_property})
+			if (NOT _propertyValue)
+				list (APPEND _filteredObjects "${_object}")
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	set (${_filteredObjectsVar} ${_filteredObjects} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_source_file_property_values _valuesVar _property)
+	set (_values "")
+	foreach (_sourceFile ${ARGN})
+		get_source_file_property(_propertyValue "${_sourceFile}" ${_property})
+		if (_propertyValue)
+			list (APPEND _values "${_propertyValue}")
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	set (${_valuesVar} ${_values} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_resolve_config_properites _configurations _propertiesVar)
+	set (_properties "")
+	foreach (_property ${ARGN})
+		if ("${_property}" MATCHES "<CONFIG>")
+			foreach (_config ${_configurations})
+				string (TOUPPER "${_config}" _upperConfig)
+				string (REPLACE "<CONFIG>" "${_upperConfig}" _configProperty "${_property}")
+				list (APPEND _properties ${_configProperty})
+			endforeach()
+		else()
+			list (APPEND _properties ${_property})
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	set (${_propertiesVar} ${_properties} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_copy_set_properites _configurations _type _source _target)
+	cotire_resolve_config_properites("${_configurations}" _properties ${ARGN})
+	foreach (_property ${_properties})
+		get_property(_isSet ${_type} ${_source} PROPERTY ${_property} SET)
+		if (_isSet)
+			get_property(_propertyValue ${_type} ${_source} PROPERTY ${_property})
+			set_property(${_type} ${_target} PROPERTY ${_property} "${_propertyValue}")
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_target_usage_requirements _target _targetRequirementsVar)
+	set (_targetRequirements "")
+	get_target_property(_librariesToProcess ${_target} LINK_LIBRARIES)
+	while (_librariesToProcess)
+		# remove from head
+		list (GET _librariesToProcess 0 _library)
+		list (REMOVE_AT _librariesToProcess 0)
+		if (TARGET ${_library})
+			list (FIND _targetRequirements ${_library} _index)
+			if (_index LESS 0)
+				list (APPEND _targetRequirements ${_library})
+				# BFS traversal of transitive libraries
+				get_target_property(_libraries ${_library} INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES)
+				if (_libraries)
+					list (APPEND _librariesToProcess ${_libraries})
+					list (REMOVE_DUPLICATES _librariesToProcess)
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endwhile()
+	set (${_targetRequirementsVar} ${_targetRequirements} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_filter_compile_flags _language _flagFilter _matchedOptionsVar _unmatchedOptionsVar)
+	if (WIN32 AND CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC|Intel")
+		set (_flagPrefix "[/-]")
+	else()
+		set (_flagPrefix "--?")
+	endif()
+	set (_optionFlag "")
+	set (_matchedOptions "")
+	set (_unmatchedOptions "")
+	foreach (_compileFlag ${ARGN})
+		if (_compileFlag)
+			if (_optionFlag AND NOT "${_compileFlag}" MATCHES "^${_flagPrefix}")
+				# option with separate argument
+				list (APPEND _matchedOptions "${_compileFlag}")
+				set (_optionFlag "")
+			elseif ("${_compileFlag}" MATCHES "^(${_flagPrefix})(${_flagFilter})$")
+				# remember option
+				set (_optionFlag "${CMAKE_MATCH_2}")
+			elseif ("${_compileFlag}" MATCHES "^(${_flagPrefix})(${_flagFilter})(.+)$")
+				# option with joined argument
+				list (APPEND _matchedOptions "${CMAKE_MATCH_3}")
+				set (_optionFlag "")
+			else()
+				# flush remembered option
+				if (_optionFlag)
+					list (APPEND _matchedOptions "${_optionFlag}")
+					set (_optionFlag "")
+				endif()
+				# add to unfiltered options
+				list (APPEND _unmatchedOptions "${_compileFlag}")
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	if (_optionFlag)
+		list (APPEND _matchedOptions "${_optionFlag}")
+	endif()
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _matchedOptions)
+		message (STATUS "Filter ${_flagFilter} matched: ${_matchedOptions}")
+	endif()
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _unmatchedOptions)
+		message (STATUS "Filter ${_flagFilter} unmatched: ${_unmatchedOptions}")
+	endif()
+	set (${_matchedOptionsVar} ${_matchedOptions} PARENT_SCOPE)
+	set (${_unmatchedOptionsVar} ${_unmatchedOptions} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_is_target_supported _target _isSupportedVar)
+	if (NOT TARGET "${_target}")
+		set (${_isSupportedVar} FALSE PARENT_SCOPE)
+		return()
+	endif()
+	get_target_property(_imported ${_target} IMPORTED)
+	if (_imported)
+		set (${_isSupportedVar} FALSE PARENT_SCOPE)
+		return()
+	endif()
+	get_target_property(_targetType ${_target} TYPE)
+	if (NOT _targetType MATCHES "EXECUTABLE|(STATIC|SHARED|MODULE|OBJECT)_LIBRARY")
+		set (${_isSupportedVar} FALSE PARENT_SCOPE)
+		return()
+	endif()
+	set (${_isSupportedVar} TRUE PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_target_compile_flags _config _language _target _flagsVar)
+	string (TOUPPER "${_config}" _upperConfig)
+	# collect options from CMake language variables
+	set (_compileFlags "")
+	if (CMAKE_${_language}_FLAGS)
+		set (_compileFlags "${_compileFlags} ${CMAKE_${_language}_FLAGS}")
+	endif()
+	if (CMAKE_${_language}_FLAGS_${_upperConfig})
+		set (_compileFlags "${_compileFlags} ${CMAKE_${_language}_FLAGS_${_upperConfig}}")
+	endif()
+	if (_target)
+		# add target compile flags
+		get_target_property(_targetflags ${_target} COMPILE_FLAGS)
+		if (_targetflags)
+			set (_compileFlags "${_compileFlags} ${_targetflags}")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	if (UNIX)
+		separate_arguments(_compileFlags UNIX_COMMAND "${_compileFlags}")
+	elseif(WIN32)
+		separate_arguments(_compileFlags WINDOWS_COMMAND "${_compileFlags}")
+	else()
+		separate_arguments(_compileFlags)
+	endif()
+	# target compile options
+	if (_target)
+		get_target_property(_targetOptions ${_target} COMPILE_OPTIONS)
+		if (_targetOptions)
+			list (APPEND _compileFlags ${_targetOptions})
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	# interface compile options from linked library targets
+	if (_target)
+		set (_linkedTargets "")
+		cotire_get_target_usage_requirements(${_target} _linkedTargets)
+		foreach (_linkedTarget ${_linkedTargets})
+			get_target_property(_targetOptions ${_linkedTarget} INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS)
+			if (_targetOptions)
+				list (APPEND _compileFlags ${_targetOptions})
+			endif()
+		endforeach()
+	endif()
+	# handle language standard properties
+	if (CMAKE_${_language}_STANDARD_DEFAULT)
+		# used compiler supports language standard levels
+		if (_target)
+			get_target_property(_targetLanguageStandard ${_target} ${_language}_STANDARD)
+			if (_targetLanguageStandard)
+				set (_type "EXTENSION")
+				get_property(_isSet TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY ${_language}_EXTENSIONS SET)
+				if (_isSet)
+					get_target_property(_targetUseLanguageExtensions ${_target} ${_language}_EXTENSIONS)
+					if (NOT _targetUseLanguageExtensions)
+						set (_type "STANDARD")
+					endif()
+				endif()
+				if (CMAKE_${_language}${_targetLanguageStandard}_${_type}_COMPILE_OPTION)
+					list (APPEND _compileFlags "${CMAKE_${_language}${_targetLanguageStandard}_${_type}_COMPILE_OPTION}")
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	# handle the POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE target property
+	if (_target)
+		get_target_property(_targetPIC ${_target} POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE)
+		if (_targetPIC)
+			get_target_property(_targetType ${_target} TYPE)
+			if (_targetType STREQUAL "EXECUTABLE" AND CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILE_OPTIONS_PIE)
+				list (APPEND _compileFlags "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILE_OPTIONS_PIE}")
+			elseif (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILE_OPTIONS_PIC)
+				list (APPEND _compileFlags "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILE_OPTIONS_PIC}")
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	# handle visibility target properties
+	if (_target)
+		get_target_property(_targetVisibility ${_target} ${_language}_VISIBILITY_PRESET)
+		if (_targetVisibility AND CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILE_OPTIONS_VISIBILITY)
+			list (APPEND _compileFlags "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILE_OPTIONS_VISIBILITY}${_targetVisibility}")
+		endif()
+		get_target_property(_targetVisibilityInlines ${_target} VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN)
+		if (_targetVisibilityInlines AND CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILE_OPTIONS_VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN)
+			list (APPEND _compileFlags "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILE_OPTIONS_VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN}")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	# platform specific flags
+	if (APPLE)
+		get_target_property(_architectures ${_target} OSX_ARCHITECTURES_${_upperConfig})
+		if (NOT _architectures)
+			get_target_property(_architectures ${_target} OSX_ARCHITECTURES)
+		endif()
+		if (_architectures)
+			foreach (_arch ${_architectures})
+				list (APPEND _compileFlags "-arch" "${_arch}")
+			endforeach()
+		endif()
+		if (CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT)
+			if (CMAKE_${_language}_SYSROOT_FLAG)
+				list (APPEND _compileFlags "${CMAKE_${_language}_SYSROOT_FLAG}" "${CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT}")
+			else()
+				list (APPEND _compileFlags "-isysroot" "${CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT}")
+			endif()
+		endif()
+		if (CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET)
+			if (CMAKE_${_language}_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_FLAG)
+				list (APPEND _compileFlags "${CMAKE_${_language}_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_FLAG}${CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}")
+			else()
+				list (APPEND _compileFlags "-mmacosx-version-min=${CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}")
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _compileFlags)
+		message (STATUS "Target ${_target} compile flags: ${_compileFlags}")
+	endif()
+	set (${_flagsVar} ${_compileFlags} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_target_include_directories _config _language _target _includeDirsVar _systemIncludeDirsVar)
+	set (_includeDirs "")
+	set (_systemIncludeDirs "")
+	# default include dirs
+	if (CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR)
+		list (APPEND _includeDirs "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}")
+		list (APPEND _includeDirs "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}")
+	endif()
+	set (_targetFlags "")
+	cotire_get_target_compile_flags("${_config}" "${_language}" "${_target}" _targetFlags)
+	# parse additional include directories from target compile flags
+	if (CMAKE_INCLUDE_FLAG_${_language})
+		string (STRIP "${CMAKE_INCLUDE_FLAG_${_language}}" _includeFlag)
+		string (REGEX REPLACE "^[-/]+" "" _includeFlag "${_includeFlag}")
+		if (_includeFlag)
+			set (_dirs "")
+			cotire_filter_compile_flags("${_language}" "${_includeFlag}" _dirs _ignore ${_targetFlags})
+			if (_dirs)
+				list (APPEND _includeDirs ${_dirs})
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	# parse additional system include directories from target compile flags
+	if (CMAKE_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_FLAG_${_language})
+		string (STRIP "${CMAKE_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_FLAG_${_language}}" _includeFlag)
+		string (REGEX REPLACE "^[-/]+" "" _includeFlag "${_includeFlag}")
+		if (_includeFlag)
+			set (_dirs "")
+			cotire_filter_compile_flags("${_language}" "${_includeFlag}" _dirs _ignore ${_targetFlags})
+			if (_dirs)
+				list (APPEND _systemIncludeDirs ${_dirs})
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	# target include directories
+	get_directory_property(_dirs DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}" INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+	if (_target)
+		get_target_property(_targetDirs ${_target} INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+		if (_targetDirs)
+			list (APPEND _dirs ${_targetDirs})
+		endif()
+		get_target_property(_targetDirs ${_target} INTERFACE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+		if (_targetDirs)
+			list (APPEND _systemIncludeDirs ${_targetDirs})
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	# interface include directories from linked library targets
+	if (_target)
+		set (_linkedTargets "")
+		cotire_get_target_usage_requirements(${_target} _linkedTargets)
+		foreach (_linkedTarget ${_linkedTargets})
+			get_target_property(_linkedTargetType ${_linkedTarget} TYPE)
+			if (CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR_IN_INTERFACE AND NOT CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "3.4.0" AND
+				_linkedTargetType MATCHES "(STATIC|SHARED|MODULE|OBJECT)_LIBRARY")
+				# CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR_IN_INTERFACE refers to CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR and CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR
+				# at the time, when the target was created. These correspond to the target properties BINARY_DIR and SOURCE_DIR
+				# which are only available with CMake 3.4 or later.
+				get_target_property(_targetDirs ${_linkedTarget} BINARY_DIR)
+				if (_targetDirs)
+					list (APPEND _dirs ${_targetDirs})
+				endif()
+				get_target_property(_targetDirs ${_linkedTarget} SOURCE_DIR)
+				if (_targetDirs)
+					list (APPEND _dirs ${_targetDirs})
+				endif()
+			endif()
+			get_target_property(_targetDirs ${_linkedTarget} INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+			if (_targetDirs)
+				list (APPEND _dirs ${_targetDirs})
+			endif()
+			get_target_property(_targetDirs ${_linkedTarget} INTERFACE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+			if (_targetDirs)
+				list (APPEND _systemIncludeDirs ${_targetDirs})
+			endif()
+		endforeach()
+	endif()
+	if (dirs)
+		list (REMOVE_DUPLICATES _dirs)
+	endif()
+	list (LENGTH _includeDirs _projectInsertIndex)
+	foreach (_dir ${_dirs})
+		if (CMAKE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES_PROJECT_BEFORE)
+			cotire_check_is_path_relative_to("${_dir}" _isRelative "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}" "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
+			if (_isRelative)
+				list (LENGTH _includeDirs _len)
+				if (_len EQUAL _projectInsertIndex)
+					list (APPEND _includeDirs "${_dir}")
+				else()
+					list (INSERT _includeDirs _projectInsertIndex "${_dir}")
+				endif()
+				math (EXPR _projectInsertIndex "${_projectInsertIndex} + 1")
+			else()
+				list (APPEND _includeDirs "${_dir}")
+			endif()
+		else()
+			list (APPEND _includeDirs "${_dir}")
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	list (REMOVE_DUPLICATES _includeDirs)
+	list (REMOVE_DUPLICATES _systemIncludeDirs)
+	if (CMAKE_${_language}_IMPLICIT_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+		list (REMOVE_ITEM _includeDirs ${CMAKE_${_language}_IMPLICIT_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES})
+	endif()
+	if (WIN32)
+		# convert Windows paths in include directories to CMake paths
+		if (_includeDirs)
+			set (_paths "")
+			foreach (_dir ${_includeDirs})
+				file (TO_CMAKE_PATH "${_dir}" _path)
+				list (APPEND _paths "${_path}")
+			endforeach()
+			set (_includeDirs ${_paths})
+		endif()
+		if (_systemIncludeDirs)
+			set (_paths "")
+			foreach (_dir ${_systemIncludeDirs})
+				file (TO_CMAKE_PATH "${_dir}" _path)
+				list (APPEND _paths "${_path}")
+			endforeach()
+			set (_systemIncludeDirs ${_paths})
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _includeDirs)
+		message (STATUS "Target ${_target} include dirs: ${_includeDirs}")
+	endif()
+	set (${_includeDirsVar} ${_includeDirs} PARENT_SCOPE)
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _systemIncludeDirs)
+		message (STATUS "Target ${_target} system include dirs: ${_systemIncludeDirs}")
+	endif()
+	set (${_systemIncludeDirsVar} ${_systemIncludeDirs} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_target_export_symbol _target _exportSymbolVar)
+	set (_exportSymbol "")
+	get_target_property(_targetType ${_target} TYPE)
+	get_target_property(_enableExports ${_target} ENABLE_EXPORTS)
+	if (_targetType MATCHES "(SHARED|MODULE)_LIBRARY" OR
+		(_targetType STREQUAL "EXECUTABLE" AND _enableExports))
+		get_target_property(_exportSymbol ${_target} DEFINE_SYMBOL)
+		if (NOT _exportSymbol)
+			set (_exportSymbol "${_target}_EXPORTS")
+		endif()
+		string (MAKE_C_IDENTIFIER "${_exportSymbol}" _exportSymbol)
+	endif()
+	set (${_exportSymbolVar} ${_exportSymbol} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_target_compile_definitions _config _language _target _definitionsVar)
+	string (TOUPPER "${_config}" _upperConfig)
+	set (_configDefinitions "")
+	# CMAKE_INTDIR for multi-configuration build systems
+	if (NOT "${CMAKE_CFG_INTDIR}" STREQUAL ".")
+		list (APPEND _configDefinitions "CMAKE_INTDIR=\"${_config}\"")
+	endif()
+	# target export define symbol
+	cotire_get_target_export_symbol("${_target}" _defineSymbol)
+	if (_defineSymbol)
+		list (APPEND _configDefinitions "${_defineSymbol}")
+	endif()
+	# directory compile definitions
+	get_directory_property(_definitions DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}" COMPILE_DEFINITIONS)
+	if (_definitions)
+		list (APPEND _configDefinitions ${_definitions})
+	endif()
+	get_directory_property(_definitions DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}" COMPILE_DEFINITIONS_${_upperConfig})
+	if (_definitions)
+		list (APPEND _configDefinitions ${_definitions})
+	endif()
+	# target compile definitions
+	get_target_property(_definitions ${_target} COMPILE_DEFINITIONS)
+	if (_definitions)
+		list (APPEND _configDefinitions ${_definitions})
+	endif()
+	get_target_property(_definitions ${_target} COMPILE_DEFINITIONS_${_upperConfig})
+	if (_definitions)
+		list (APPEND _configDefinitions ${_definitions})
+	endif()
+	# interface compile definitions from linked library targets
+	set (_linkedTargets "")
+	cotire_get_target_usage_requirements(${_target} _linkedTargets)
+	foreach (_linkedTarget ${_linkedTargets})
+		get_target_property(_definitions ${_linkedTarget} INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS)
+		if (_definitions)
+			list (APPEND _configDefinitions ${_definitions})
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	# parse additional compile definitions from target compile flags
+	# and don't look at directory compile definitions, which we already handled
+	set (_targetFlags "")
+	cotire_get_target_compile_flags("${_config}" "${_language}" "${_target}" _targetFlags)
+	cotire_filter_compile_flags("${_language}" "D" _definitions _ignore ${_targetFlags})
+	if (_definitions)
+		list (APPEND _configDefinitions ${_definitions})
+	endif()
+	list (REMOVE_DUPLICATES _configDefinitions)
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _configDefinitions)
+		message (STATUS "Target ${_target} compile definitions: ${_configDefinitions}")
+	endif()
+	set (${_definitionsVar} ${_configDefinitions} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_target_compiler_flags _config _language _target _compilerFlagsVar)
+	# parse target compile flags omitting compile definitions and include directives
+	set (_targetFlags "")
+	cotire_get_target_compile_flags("${_config}" "${_language}" "${_target}" _targetFlags)
+	set (_flagFilter "D")
+	if (CMAKE_INCLUDE_FLAG_${_language})
+		string (STRIP "${CMAKE_INCLUDE_FLAG_${_language}}" _includeFlag)
+		string (REGEX REPLACE "^[-/]+" "" _includeFlag "${_includeFlag}")
+		if (_includeFlag)
+			set (_flagFilter "${_flagFilter}|${_includeFlag}")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	if (CMAKE_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_FLAG_${_language})
+		string (STRIP "${CMAKE_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_FLAG_${_language}}" _includeFlag)
+		string (REGEX REPLACE "^[-/]+" "" _includeFlag "${_includeFlag}")
+		if (_includeFlag)
+			set (_flagFilter "${_flagFilter}|${_includeFlag}")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set (_compilerFlags "")
+	cotire_filter_compile_flags("${_language}" "${_flagFilter}" _ignore _compilerFlags ${_targetFlags})
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _compilerFlags)
+		message (STATUS "Target ${_target} compiler flags: ${_compilerFlags}")
+	endif()
+	set (${_compilerFlagsVar} ${_compilerFlags} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_add_sys_root_paths _pathsVar)
+	if (APPLE)
+		if (CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT AND CMAKE_${_language}_HAS_ISYSROOT)
+			foreach (_path IN LISTS ${_pathsVar})
+				if (IS_ABSOLUTE "${_path}")
+					get_filename_component(_path "${CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT}/${_path}" ABSOLUTE)
+					if (EXISTS "${_path}")
+						list (APPEND ${_pathsVar} "${_path}")
+					endif()
+				endif()
+			endforeach()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set (${_pathsVar} ${${_pathsVar}} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_source_extra_properties _sourceFile _pattern _resultVar)
+	set (_extraProperties ${ARGN})
+	set (_result "")
+	if (_extraProperties)
+		list (FIND _extraProperties "${_sourceFile}" _index)
+		if (_index GREATER -1)
+			math (EXPR _index "${_index} + 1")
+			list (LENGTH _extraProperties _len)
+			math (EXPR _len "${_len} - 1")
+			foreach (_index RANGE ${_index} ${_len})
+				list (GET _extraProperties ${_index} _value)
+				if (_value MATCHES "${_pattern}")
+					list (APPEND _result "${_value}")
+				else()
+					break()
+				endif()
+			endforeach()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set (${_resultVar} ${_result} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_source_compile_definitions _config _language _sourceFile _definitionsVar)
+	set (_compileDefinitions "")
+	if (NOT CMAKE_SCRIPT_MODE_FILE)
+		string (TOUPPER "${_config}" _upperConfig)
+		get_source_file_property(_definitions "${_sourceFile}" COMPILE_DEFINITIONS)
+		if (_definitions)
+			list (APPEND _compileDefinitions ${_definitions})
+		endif()
+		get_source_file_property(_definitions "${_sourceFile}" COMPILE_DEFINITIONS_${_upperConfig})
+		if (_definitions)
+			list (APPEND _compileDefinitions ${_definitions})
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	cotire_get_source_extra_properties("${_sourceFile}" "^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+(=.*)?$" _definitions ${ARGN})
+	if (_definitions)
+		list (APPEND _compileDefinitions ${_definitions})
+	endif()
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _compileDefinitions)
+		message (STATUS "Source ${_sourceFile} compile definitions: ${_compileDefinitions}")
+	endif()
+	set (${_definitionsVar} ${_compileDefinitions} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_source_files_compile_definitions _config _language _definitionsVar)
+	set (_configDefinitions "")
+	foreach (_sourceFile ${ARGN})
+		cotire_get_source_compile_definitions("${_config}" "${_language}" "${_sourceFile}" _sourceDefinitions)
+		if (_sourceDefinitions)
+			list (APPEND _configDefinitions "${_sourceFile}" ${_sourceDefinitions} "-")
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	set (${_definitionsVar} ${_configDefinitions} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_source_undefs _sourceFile _property _sourceUndefsVar)
+	set (_sourceUndefs "")
+	if (NOT CMAKE_SCRIPT_MODE_FILE)
+		get_source_file_property(_undefs "${_sourceFile}" ${_property})
+		if (_undefs)
+			list (APPEND _sourceUndefs ${_undefs})
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	cotire_get_source_extra_properties("${_sourceFile}" "^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$" _undefs ${ARGN})
+	if (_undefs)
+		list (APPEND _sourceUndefs ${_undefs})
+	endif()
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _sourceUndefs)
+		message (STATUS "Source ${_sourceFile} ${_property} undefs: ${_sourceUndefs}")
+	endif()
+	set (${_sourceUndefsVar} ${_sourceUndefs} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_source_files_undefs _property _sourceUndefsVar)
+	set (_sourceUndefs "")
+	foreach (_sourceFile ${ARGN})
+		cotire_get_source_undefs("${_sourceFile}" ${_property} _undefs)
+		if (_undefs)
+			list (APPEND _sourceUndefs "${_sourceFile}" ${_undefs} "-")
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	set (${_sourceUndefsVar} ${_sourceUndefs} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+macro (cotire_set_cmd_to_prologue _cmdVar)
+	set (${_cmdVar} "${CMAKE_COMMAND}")
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+		list (APPEND ${_cmdVar} "--warn-uninitialized")
+	endif()
+	list (APPEND ${_cmdVar} "-DCOTIRE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=$<CONFIGURATION>")
+	if (COTIRE_VERBOSE)
+		list (APPEND ${_cmdVar} "-DCOTIRE_VERBOSE:BOOL=ON")
+	elseif("${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" MATCHES "Makefiles")
+		list (APPEND ${_cmdVar} "-DCOTIRE_VERBOSE:BOOL=$(VERBOSE)")
+	endif()
+endmacro()
+
+function (cotire_init_compile_cmd _cmdVar _language _compilerLauncher _compilerExe _compilerArg1)
+	if (NOT _compilerLauncher)
+		set (_compilerLauncher ${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_LAUNCHER})
+	endif()
+	if (NOT _compilerExe)
+		set (_compilerExe "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER}")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT _compilerArg1)
+		set (_compilerArg1 ${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ARG1})
+	endif()
+	string (STRIP "${_compilerArg1}" _compilerArg1)
+	if ("${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" MATCHES "Make|Ninja")
+		# compiler launcher is only supported for Makefile and Ninja
+		set (${_cmdVar} ${_compilerLauncher} "${_compilerExe}" ${_compilerArg1} PARENT_SCOPE)
+	else()
+		set (${_cmdVar} "${_compilerExe}" ${_compilerArg1} PARENT_SCOPE)
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+macro (cotire_add_definitions_to_cmd _cmdVar _language)
+	foreach (_definition ${ARGN})
+		if (WIN32 AND CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC|Intel")
+			list (APPEND ${_cmdVar} "/D${_definition}")
+		else()
+			list (APPEND ${_cmdVar} "-D${_definition}")
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+endmacro()
+
+function (cotire_add_includes_to_cmd _cmdVar _language _includesVar _systemIncludesVar)
+	set (_includeDirs ${${_includesVar}} ${${_systemIncludesVar}})
+	if (_includeDirs)
+		list (REMOVE_DUPLICATES _includeDirs)
+		foreach (_include ${_includeDirs})
+			if (WIN32 AND CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC|Intel")
+				file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_include}" _include)
+				list (APPEND ${_cmdVar} "${CMAKE_INCLUDE_FLAG_${_language}}${CMAKE_INCLUDE_FLAG_${_language}_SEP}${_include}")
+			else()
+				set (_index -1)
+				if ("${CMAKE_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_FLAG_${_language}}" MATCHES ".+")
+					list (FIND ${_systemIncludesVar} "${_include}" _index)
+				endif()
+				if (_index GREATER -1)
+					list (APPEND ${_cmdVar} "${CMAKE_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_FLAG_${_language}}${_include}")
+				else()
+					list (APPEND ${_cmdVar} "${CMAKE_INCLUDE_FLAG_${_language}}${CMAKE_INCLUDE_FLAG_${_language}_SEP}${_include}")
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		endforeach()
+	endif()
+	set (${_cmdVar} ${${_cmdVar}} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_add_frameworks_to_cmd _cmdVar _language _includesVar _systemIncludesVar)
+	if (APPLE)
+		set (_frameworkDirs "")
+		foreach (_include ${${_includesVar}})
+			if (IS_ABSOLUTE "${_include}" AND _include MATCHES "\\.framework$")
+				get_filename_component(_frameworkDir "${_include}" DIRECTORY)
+				list (APPEND _frameworkDirs "${_frameworkDir}")
+			endif()
+		endforeach()
+		set (_systemFrameworkDirs "")
+		foreach (_include ${${_systemIncludesVar}})
+			if (IS_ABSOLUTE "${_include}" AND _include MATCHES "\\.framework$")
+				get_filename_component(_frameworkDir "${_include}" DIRECTORY)
+				list (APPEND _systemFrameworkDirs "${_frameworkDir}")
+			endif()
+		endforeach()
+		if (_systemFrameworkDirs)
+			list (APPEND _frameworkDirs ${_systemFrameworkDirs})
+		endif()
+		if (_frameworkDirs)
+			list (REMOVE_DUPLICATES _frameworkDirs)
+			foreach (_frameworkDir ${_frameworkDirs})
+				set (_index -1)
+				if ("${CMAKE_${_language}_SYSTEM_FRAMEWORK_SEARCH_FLAG}" MATCHES ".+")
+					list (FIND _systemFrameworkDirs "${_frameworkDir}" _index)
+				endif()
+				if (_index GREATER -1)
+					list (APPEND ${_cmdVar} "${CMAKE_${_language}_SYSTEM_FRAMEWORK_SEARCH_FLAG}${_frameworkDir}")
+				else()
+					list (APPEND ${_cmdVar} "${CMAKE_${_language}_FRAMEWORK_SEARCH_FLAG}${_frameworkDir}")
+				endif()
+			endforeach()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set (${_cmdVar} ${${_cmdVar}} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+macro (cotire_add_compile_flags_to_cmd _cmdVar)
+	foreach (_flag ${ARGN})
+		list (APPEND ${_cmdVar} "${_flag}")
+	endforeach()
+endmacro()
+
+function (cotire_check_file_up_to_date _fileIsUpToDateVar _file)
+	if (EXISTS "${_file}")
+		set (_triggerFile "")
+		foreach (_dependencyFile ${ARGN})
+			if (EXISTS "${_dependencyFile}")
+				# IS_NEWER_THAN returns TRUE if both files have the same timestamp
+				# thus we do the comparison in both directions to exclude ties
+				if ("${_dependencyFile}" IS_NEWER_THAN "${_file}" AND
+					NOT "${_file}" IS_NEWER_THAN "${_dependencyFile}")
+					set (_triggerFile "${_dependencyFile}")
+					break()
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		endforeach()
+		if (_triggerFile)
+			if (COTIRE_VERBOSE)
+				get_filename_component(_fileName "${_file}" NAME)
+				message (STATUS "${_fileName} update triggered by ${_triggerFile} change.")
+			endif()
+			set (${_fileIsUpToDateVar} FALSE PARENT_SCOPE)
+		else()
+			if (COTIRE_VERBOSE)
+				get_filename_component(_fileName "${_file}" NAME)
+				message (STATUS "${_fileName} is up-to-date.")
+			endif()
+			set (${_fileIsUpToDateVar} TRUE PARENT_SCOPE)
+		endif()
+	else()
+		if (COTIRE_VERBOSE)
+			get_filename_component(_fileName "${_file}" NAME)
+			message (STATUS "${_fileName} does not exist yet.")
+		endif()
+		set (${_fileIsUpToDateVar} FALSE PARENT_SCOPE)
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+macro (cotire_find_closest_relative_path _headerFile _includeDirs _relPathVar)
+	set (${_relPathVar} "")
+	foreach (_includeDir ${_includeDirs})
+		if (IS_DIRECTORY "${_includeDir}")
+			file (RELATIVE_PATH _relPath "${_includeDir}" "${_headerFile}")
+			if (NOT IS_ABSOLUTE "${_relPath}" AND NOT "${_relPath}" MATCHES "^\\.\\.")
+				string (LENGTH "${${_relPathVar}}" _closestLen)
+				string (LENGTH "${_relPath}" _relLen)
+				if (_closestLen EQUAL 0 OR _relLen LESS _closestLen)
+					set (${_relPathVar} "${_relPath}")
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		elseif ("${_includeDir}" STREQUAL "${_headerFile}")
+			# if path matches exactly, return short non-empty string
+			set (${_relPathVar} "1")
+			break()
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+endmacro()
+
+macro (cotire_check_header_file_location _headerFile _insideIncludeDirs _outsideIncludeDirs _headerIsInside)
+	# check header path against ignored and honored include directories
+	cotire_find_closest_relative_path("${_headerFile}" "${_insideIncludeDirs}" _insideRelPath)
+	if (_insideRelPath)
+		# header is inside, but could be become outside if there is a shorter outside match
+		cotire_find_closest_relative_path("${_headerFile}" "${_outsideIncludeDirs}" _outsideRelPath)
+		if (_outsideRelPath)
+			string (LENGTH "${_insideRelPath}" _insideRelPathLen)
+			string (LENGTH "${_outsideRelPath}" _outsideRelPathLen)
+			if (_outsideRelPathLen LESS _insideRelPathLen)
+				set (${_headerIsInside} FALSE)
+			else()
+				set (${_headerIsInside} TRUE)
+			endif()
+		else()
+			set (${_headerIsInside} TRUE)
+		endif()
+	else()
+		# header is outside
+		set (${_headerIsInside} FALSE)
+	endif()
+endmacro()
+
+macro (cotire_check_ignore_header_file_path _headerFile _headerIsIgnoredVar)
+	if (NOT EXISTS "${_headerFile}")
+		set (${_headerIsIgnoredVar} TRUE)
+	elseif (IS_DIRECTORY "${_headerFile}")
+		set (${_headerIsIgnoredVar} TRUE)
+	elseif ("${_headerFile}" MATCHES "\\.\\.|[_-]fixed" AND "${_headerFile}" MATCHES "\\.h$")
+		# heuristic: ignore C headers with embedded parent directory references or "-fixed" or "_fixed" in path
+		# these often stem from using GCC #include_next tricks, which may break the precompiled header compilation
+		# with the error message "error: no include path in which to search for header.h"
+		set (${_headerIsIgnoredVar} TRUE)
+	else()
+		set (${_headerIsIgnoredVar} FALSE)
+	endif()
+endmacro()
+
+macro (cotire_check_ignore_header_file_ext _headerFile _ignoreExtensionsVar _headerIsIgnoredVar)
+	# check header file extension
+	cotire_get_source_file_extension("${_headerFile}" _headerFileExt)
+	set (${_headerIsIgnoredVar} FALSE)
+	if (_headerFileExt)
+		list (FIND ${_ignoreExtensionsVar} "${_headerFileExt}" _index)
+		if (_index GREATER -1)
+			set (${_headerIsIgnoredVar} TRUE)
+		endif()
+	endif()
+endmacro()
+
+macro (cotire_parse_line _line _headerFileVar _headerDepthVar)
+	if (MSVC)
+		# cl.exe /showIncludes output looks different depending on the language pack used, e.g.:
+		# English: "Note: including file:   C:\directory\file"
+		# German: "Hinweis: Einlesen der Datei:   C:\directory\file"
+		# We use a very general regular expression, relying on the presence of the : characters
+		if (_line MATCHES "( +)([a-zA-Z]:[^:]+)$")
+			# Visual Studio compiler output
+			string (LENGTH "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}" ${_headerDepthVar})
+			get_filename_component(${_headerFileVar} "${CMAKE_MATCH_2}" ABSOLUTE)
+		else()
+			set (${_headerFileVar} "")
+			set (${_headerDepthVar} 0)
+		endif()
+	else()
+		if (_line MATCHES "^(\\.+) (.*)$")
+			# GCC like output
+			string (LENGTH "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}" ${_headerDepthVar})
+			if (IS_ABSOLUTE "${CMAKE_MATCH_2}")
+				set (${_headerFileVar} "${CMAKE_MATCH_2}")
+			else()
+				get_filename_component(${_headerFileVar} "${CMAKE_MATCH_2}" REALPATH)
+			endif()
+		else()
+			set (${_headerFileVar} "")
+			set (${_headerDepthVar} 0)
+		endif()
+	endif()
+endmacro()
+
+function (cotire_parse_includes _language _scanOutput _ignoredIncludeDirs _honoredIncludeDirs _ignoredExtensions _selectedIncludesVar _unparsedLinesVar)
+	if (WIN32)
+		# prevent CMake macro invocation errors due to backslash characters in Windows paths
+		string (REPLACE "\\" "/" _scanOutput "${_scanOutput}")
+	endif()
+	# canonize slashes
+	string (REPLACE "//" "/" _scanOutput "${_scanOutput}")
+	# prevent semicolon from being interpreted as a line separator
+	string (REPLACE ";" "\\;" _scanOutput "${_scanOutput}")
+	# then separate lines
+	string (REGEX REPLACE "\n" ";" _scanOutput "${_scanOutput}")
+	list (LENGTH _scanOutput _len)
+	# remove duplicate lines to speed up parsing
+	list (REMOVE_DUPLICATES _scanOutput)
+	list (LENGTH _scanOutput _uniqueLen)
+	if (COTIRE_VERBOSE OR COTIRE_DEBUG)
+		message (STATUS "Scanning ${_uniqueLen} unique lines of ${_len} for includes")
+		if (_ignoredExtensions)
+			message (STATUS "Ignored extensions: ${_ignoredExtensions}")
+		endif()
+		if (_ignoredIncludeDirs)
+			message (STATUS "Ignored paths: ${_ignoredIncludeDirs}")
+		endif()
+		if (_honoredIncludeDirs)
+			message (STATUS "Included paths: ${_honoredIncludeDirs}")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set (_sourceFiles ${ARGN})
+	set (_selectedIncludes "")
+	set (_unparsedLines "")
+	# stack keeps track of inside/outside project status of processed header files
+	set (_headerIsInsideStack "")
+	foreach (_line IN LISTS _scanOutput)
+		if (_line)
+			cotire_parse_line("${_line}" _headerFile _headerDepth)
+			if (_headerFile)
+				cotire_check_header_file_location("${_headerFile}" "${_ignoredIncludeDirs}" "${_honoredIncludeDirs}" _headerIsInside)
+				if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+					message (STATUS "${_headerDepth}: ${_headerFile} ${_headerIsInside}")
+				endif()
+				# update stack
+				list (LENGTH _headerIsInsideStack _stackLen)
+				if (_headerDepth GREATER _stackLen)
+					math (EXPR _stackLen "${_stackLen} + 1")
+					foreach (_index RANGE ${_stackLen} ${_headerDepth})
+						list (APPEND _headerIsInsideStack ${_headerIsInside})
+					endforeach()
+				else()
+					foreach (_index RANGE ${_headerDepth} ${_stackLen})
+						list (REMOVE_AT _headerIsInsideStack -1)
+					endforeach()
+					list (APPEND _headerIsInsideStack ${_headerIsInside})
+				endif()
+				if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+					message (STATUS "${_headerIsInsideStack}")
+				endif()
+				# header is a candidate if it is outside project
+				if (NOT _headerIsInside)
+					# get parent header file's inside/outside status
+					if (_headerDepth GREATER 1)
+						math (EXPR _index "${_headerDepth} - 2")
+						list (GET _headerIsInsideStack ${_index} _parentHeaderIsInside)
+					else()
+						set (_parentHeaderIsInside TRUE)
+					endif()
+					# select header file if parent header file is inside project
+					# (e.g., a project header file that includes a standard header file)
+					if (_parentHeaderIsInside)
+						cotire_check_ignore_header_file_path("${_headerFile}" _headerIsIgnored)
+						if (NOT _headerIsIgnored)
+							cotire_check_ignore_header_file_ext("${_headerFile}" _ignoredExtensions _headerIsIgnored)
+							if (NOT _headerIsIgnored)
+								list (APPEND _selectedIncludes "${_headerFile}")
+							else()
+								# fix header's inside status on stack, it is ignored by extension now
+								list (REMOVE_AT _headerIsInsideStack -1)
+								list (APPEND _headerIsInsideStack TRUE)
+							endif()
+						endif()
+						if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+							message (STATUS "${_headerFile} ${_ignoredExtensions} ${_headerIsIgnored}")
+						endif()
+					endif()
+				endif()
+			else()
+				if (MSVC)
+					# for cl.exe do not keep unparsed lines which solely consist of a source file name
+					string (FIND "${_sourceFiles}" "${_line}" _index)
+					if (_index LESS 0)
+						list (APPEND _unparsedLines "${_line}")
+					endif()
+				else()
+					list (APPEND _unparsedLines "${_line}")
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	list (REMOVE_DUPLICATES _selectedIncludes)
+	set (${_selectedIncludesVar} ${_selectedIncludes} PARENT_SCOPE)
+	set (${_unparsedLinesVar} ${_unparsedLines} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_scan_includes _includesVar)
+	set(_options "")
+	set(_oneValueArgs COMPILER_ID COMPILER_EXECUTABLE COMPILER_ARG1 COMPILER_VERSION LANGUAGE UNPARSED_LINES SCAN_RESULT)
+	set(_multiValueArgs COMPILE_DEFINITIONS COMPILE_FLAGS INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
+		IGNORE_PATH INCLUDE_PATH IGNORE_EXTENSIONS INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH COMPILER_LAUNCHER)
+	cmake_parse_arguments(_option "${_options}" "${_oneValueArgs}" "${_multiValueArgs}" ${ARGN})
+	set (_sourceFiles ${_option_UNPARSED_ARGUMENTS})
+	if (NOT _option_LANGUAGE)
+		set (_option_LANGUAGE "CXX")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT _option_COMPILER_ID)
+		set (_option_COMPILER_ID "${CMAKE_${_option_LANGUAGE}_ID}")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT _option_COMPILER_VERSION)
+		set (_option_COMPILER_VERSION "${CMAKE_${_option_LANGUAGE}_COMPILER_VERSION}")
+	endif()
+	cotire_init_compile_cmd(_cmd "${_option_LANGUAGE}" "${_option_COMPILER_LAUNCHER}" "${_option_COMPILER_EXECUTABLE}" "${_option_COMPILER_ARG1}")
+	cotire_add_definitions_to_cmd(_cmd "${_option_LANGUAGE}" ${_option_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS})
+	cotire_add_compile_flags_to_cmd(_cmd ${_option_COMPILE_FLAGS})
+	cotire_add_includes_to_cmd(_cmd "${_option_LANGUAGE}" _option_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES _option_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+	cotire_add_frameworks_to_cmd(_cmd "${_option_LANGUAGE}" _option_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES _option_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+	cotire_add_makedep_flags("${_option_LANGUAGE}" "${_option_COMPILER_ID}" "${_option_COMPILER_VERSION}" _cmd)
+	# only consider existing source files for scanning
+	set (_existingSourceFiles "")
+	foreach (_sourceFile ${_sourceFiles})
+		if (EXISTS "${_sourceFile}")
+			list (APPEND _existingSourceFiles "${_sourceFile}")
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	if (NOT _existingSourceFiles)
+		set (${_includesVar} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+		return()
+	endif()
+	list (APPEND _cmd ${_existingSourceFiles})
+	if (COTIRE_VERBOSE)
+		message (STATUS "execute_process: ${_cmd}")
+	endif()
+	if (_option_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC")
+		# cl.exe messes with the output streams unless the environment variable VS_UNICODE_OUTPUT is cleared
+		unset (ENV{VS_UNICODE_OUTPUT})
+	endif()
+	execute_process(
+		COMMAND ${_cmd}
+		WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}"
+		RESULT_VARIABLE _result
+		OUTPUT_QUIET
+		ERROR_VARIABLE _output)
+	if (_result)
+		message (STATUS "Result ${_result} scanning includes of ${_existingSourceFiles}.")
+	endif()
+	cotire_parse_includes(
+		"${_option_LANGUAGE}" "${_output}"
+		"${_option_IGNORE_PATH}" "${_option_INCLUDE_PATH}"
+		"${_option_IGNORE_EXTENSIONS}"
+		_includes _unparsedLines
+		${_sourceFiles})
+	if (_option_INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH)
+		set (_sortedIncludes "")
+		foreach (_priorityPath ${_option_INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH})
+			foreach (_include ${_includes})
+				string (FIND ${_include} ${_priorityPath} _position)
+				if (_position GREATER -1)
+					list (APPEND _sortedIncludes ${_include})
+				endif()
+			endforeach()
+		endforeach()
+		if (_sortedIncludes)
+			list (INSERT _includes 0 ${_sortedIncludes})
+			list (REMOVE_DUPLICATES _includes)
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set (${_includesVar} ${_includes} PARENT_SCOPE)
+	if (_option_UNPARSED_LINES)
+		set (${_option_UNPARSED_LINES} ${_unparsedLines} PARENT_SCOPE)
+	endif()
+	if (_option_SCAN_RESULT)
+		set (${_option_SCAN_RESULT} ${_result} PARENT_SCOPE)
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+macro (cotire_append_undefs _contentsVar)
+	set (_undefs ${ARGN})
+	if (_undefs)
+		list (REMOVE_DUPLICATES _undefs)
+		foreach (_definition ${_undefs})
+			list (APPEND ${_contentsVar} "#undef ${_definition}")
+		endforeach()
+	endif()
+endmacro()
+
+macro (cotire_comment_str _language _commentText _commentVar)
+	if ("${_language}" STREQUAL "CMAKE")
+		set (${_commentVar} "# ${_commentText}")
+	else()
+		set (${_commentVar} "/* ${_commentText} */")
+	endif()
+endmacro()
+
+function (cotire_write_file _language _file _contents _force)
+	get_filename_component(_moduleName "${COTIRE_CMAKE_MODULE_FILE}" NAME)
+	cotire_comment_str("${_language}" "${_moduleName} ${COTIRE_CMAKE_MODULE_VERSION} generated file" _header1)
+	cotire_comment_str("${_language}" "${_file}" _header2)
+	set (_contents "${_header1}\n${_header2}\n${_contents}")
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+		message (STATUS "${_contents}")
+	endif()
+	if (_force OR NOT EXISTS "${_file}")
+		file (WRITE "${_file}" "${_contents}")
+	else()
+		file (READ "${_file}" _oldContents)
+		if (NOT "${_oldContents}" STREQUAL "${_contents}")
+			file (WRITE "${_file}" "${_contents}")
+		else()
+			if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+				message (STATUS "${_file} unchanged")
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_generate_unity_source _unityFile)
+	set(_options "")
+	set(_oneValueArgs LANGUAGE)
+	set(_multiValueArgs
+		DEPENDS SOURCES_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS
+		PRE_UNDEFS SOURCES_PRE_UNDEFS POST_UNDEFS SOURCES_POST_UNDEFS PROLOGUE EPILOGUE)
+	cmake_parse_arguments(_option "${_options}" "${_oneValueArgs}" "${_multiValueArgs}" ${ARGN})
+	if (_option_DEPENDS)
+		cotire_check_file_up_to_date(_unityFileIsUpToDate "${_unityFile}" ${_option_DEPENDS})
+		if (_unityFileIsUpToDate)
+			return()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set (_sourceFiles ${_option_UNPARSED_ARGUMENTS})
+	if (NOT _option_PRE_UNDEFS)
+		set (_option_PRE_UNDEFS "")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT _option_SOURCES_PRE_UNDEFS)
+		set (_option_SOURCES_PRE_UNDEFS "")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT _option_POST_UNDEFS)
+		set (_option_POST_UNDEFS "")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT _option_SOURCES_POST_UNDEFS)
+		set (_option_SOURCES_POST_UNDEFS "")
+	endif()
+	set (_contents "")
+	if (_option_PROLOGUE)
+		list (APPEND _contents ${_option_PROLOGUE})
+	endif()
+	if (_option_LANGUAGE AND _sourceFiles)
+		if ("${_option_LANGUAGE}" STREQUAL "CXX")
+			list (APPEND _contents "#ifdef __cplusplus")
+		elseif ("${_option_LANGUAGE}" STREQUAL "C")
+			list (APPEND _contents "#ifndef __cplusplus")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set (_compileUndefinitions "")
+	foreach (_sourceFile ${_sourceFiles})
+		cotire_get_source_compile_definitions(
+			"${_option_CONFIGURATION}" "${_option_LANGUAGE}" "${_sourceFile}" _compileDefinitions
+			${_option_SOURCES_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS})
+		cotire_get_source_undefs("${_sourceFile}" COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_PRE_UNDEFS _sourcePreUndefs ${_option_SOURCES_PRE_UNDEFS})
+		cotire_get_source_undefs("${_sourceFile}" COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_POST_UNDEFS _sourcePostUndefs ${_option_SOURCES_POST_UNDEFS})
+		if (_option_PRE_UNDEFS)
+			list (APPEND _compileUndefinitions ${_option_PRE_UNDEFS})
+		endif()
+		if (_sourcePreUndefs)
+			list (APPEND _compileUndefinitions ${_sourcePreUndefs})
+		endif()
+		if (_compileUndefinitions)
+			cotire_append_undefs(_contents ${_compileUndefinitions})
+			set (_compileUndefinitions "")
+		endif()
+		if (_sourcePostUndefs)
+			list (APPEND _compileUndefinitions ${_sourcePostUndefs})
+		endif()
+		if (_option_POST_UNDEFS)
+			list (APPEND _compileUndefinitions ${_option_POST_UNDEFS})
+		endif()
+		foreach (_definition ${_compileDefinitions})
+			if (_definition MATCHES "^([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)=(.+)$")
+				list (APPEND _contents "#define ${CMAKE_MATCH_1} ${CMAKE_MATCH_2}")
+				list (INSERT _compileUndefinitions 0 "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
+			else()
+				list (APPEND _contents "#define ${_definition}")
+				list (INSERT _compileUndefinitions 0 "${_definition}")
+			endif()
+		endforeach()
+		# use absolute path as source file location
+		get_filename_component(_sourceFileLocation "${_sourceFile}" ABSOLUTE)
+		if (WIN32)
+			file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_sourceFileLocation}" _sourceFileLocation)
+		endif()
+		list (APPEND _contents "#include \"${_sourceFileLocation}\"")
+	endforeach()
+	if (_compileUndefinitions)
+		cotire_append_undefs(_contents ${_compileUndefinitions})
+		set (_compileUndefinitions "")
+	endif()
+	if (_option_LANGUAGE AND _sourceFiles)
+		list (APPEND _contents "#endif")
+	endif()
+	if (_option_EPILOGUE)
+		list (APPEND _contents ${_option_EPILOGUE})
+	endif()
+	list (APPEND _contents "")
+	string (REPLACE ";" "\n" _contents "${_contents}")
+	if (COTIRE_VERBOSE)
+		message ("${_contents}")
+	endif()
+	cotire_write_file("${_option_LANGUAGE}" "${_unityFile}" "${_contents}" TRUE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_generate_prefix_header _prefixFile)
+	set(_options "")
+	set(_oneValueArgs LANGUAGE COMPILER_EXECUTABLE COMPILER_ARG1 COMPILER_ID COMPILER_VERSION)
+	set(_multiValueArgs DEPENDS COMPILE_DEFINITIONS COMPILE_FLAGS
+		INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES IGNORE_PATH INCLUDE_PATH
+		IGNORE_EXTENSIONS INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH COMPILER_LAUNCHER)
+	cmake_parse_arguments(_option "${_options}" "${_oneValueArgs}" "${_multiValueArgs}" ${ARGN})
+	if (NOT _option_COMPILER_ID)
+		set (_option_COMPILER_ID "${CMAKE_${_option_LANGUAGE}_ID}")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT _option_COMPILER_VERSION)
+		set (_option_COMPILER_VERSION "${CMAKE_${_option_LANGUAGE}_COMPILER_VERSION}")
+	endif()
+	if (_option_DEPENDS)
+		cotire_check_file_up_to_date(_prefixFileIsUpToDate "${_prefixFile}" ${_option_DEPENDS})
+		if (_prefixFileIsUpToDate)
+			# create empty log file
+			set (_unparsedLinesFile "${_prefixFile}.log")
+			file (WRITE "${_unparsedLinesFile}" "")
+			return()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set (_prologue "")
+	set (_epilogue "")
+	if (_option_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
+		set (_prologue "#pragma clang system_header")
+	elseif (_option_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU")
+		set (_prologue "#pragma GCC system_header")
+	elseif (_option_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC")
+		set (_prologue "#pragma warning(push, 0)")
+		set (_epilogue "#pragma warning(pop)")
+	elseif (_option_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Intel")
+		# Intel compiler requires hdrstop pragma to stop generating PCH file
+		set (_epilogue "#pragma hdrstop")
+	endif()
+	set (_sourceFiles ${_option_UNPARSED_ARGUMENTS})
+	cotire_scan_includes(_selectedHeaders ${_sourceFiles}
+		LANGUAGE "${_option_LANGUAGE}"
+		COMPILER_LAUNCHER "${_option_COMPILER_LAUNCHER}"
+		COMPILER_EXECUTABLE "${_option_COMPILER_EXECUTABLE}"
+		COMPILER_ARG1 "${_option_COMPILER_ARG1}"
+		COMPILER_ID "${_option_COMPILER_ID}"
+		COMPILER_VERSION "${_option_COMPILER_VERSION}"
+		COMPILE_DEFINITIONS ${_option_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS}
+		COMPILE_FLAGS ${_option_COMPILE_FLAGS}
+		INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${_option_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES}
+		SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${_option_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES}
+		IGNORE_PATH ${_option_IGNORE_PATH}
+		INCLUDE_PATH ${_option_INCLUDE_PATH}
+		IGNORE_EXTENSIONS ${_option_IGNORE_EXTENSIONS}
+		INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH ${_option_INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH}
+		UNPARSED_LINES _unparsedLines
+		SCAN_RESULT _scanResult)
+	cotire_generate_unity_source("${_prefixFile}"
+		PROLOGUE ${_prologue} EPILOGUE ${_epilogue} LANGUAGE "${_option_LANGUAGE}" ${_selectedHeaders})
+	set (_unparsedLinesFile "${_prefixFile}.log")
+	if (_unparsedLines)
+		if (COTIRE_VERBOSE OR _scanResult OR NOT _selectedHeaders)
+			list (LENGTH _unparsedLines _skippedLineCount)
+			message (STATUS "${_skippedLineCount} line(s) skipped, see ${_unparsedLinesFile}")
+		endif()
+		string (REPLACE ";" "\n" _unparsedLines "${_unparsedLines}")
+	endif()
+	file (WRITE "${_unparsedLinesFile}" "${_unparsedLines}")
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_add_makedep_flags _language _compilerID _compilerVersion _flagsVar)
+	set (_flags ${${_flagsVar}})
+	if (_compilerID MATCHES "MSVC")
+		# cl.exe options used
+		# /nologo suppresses display of sign-on banner
+		# /TC treat all files named on the command line as C source files
+		# /TP treat all files named on the command line as C++ source files
+		# /EP preprocess to stdout without #line directives
+		# /showIncludes list include files
+		set (_sourceFileTypeC "/TC")
+		set (_sourceFileTypeCXX "/TP")
+		if (_flags)
+			# append to list
+			list (APPEND _flags /nologo "${_sourceFileType${_language}}" /EP /showIncludes)
+		else()
+			# return as a flag string
+			set (_flags "${_sourceFileType${_language}} /EP /showIncludes")
+		endif()
+	elseif (_compilerID MATCHES "GNU")
+		# GCC options used
+		# -H print the name of each header file used
+		# -E invoke preprocessor
+		# -fdirectives-only do not expand macros, requires GCC >= 4.3
+		if (_flags)
+			# append to list
+			list (APPEND _flags -H -E)
+			if (NOT "${_compilerVersion}" VERSION_LESS "4.3.0")
+				list (APPEND _flags "-fdirectives-only")
+			endif()
+		else()
+			# return as a flag string
+			set (_flags "-H -E")
+			if (NOT "${_compilerVersion}" VERSION_LESS "4.3.0")
+				set (_flags "${_flags} -fdirectives-only")
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	elseif (_compilerID MATCHES "Clang")
+		# Clang options used
+		# -H print the name of each header file used
+		# -E invoke preprocessor
+		# -fno-color-diagnostics don't prints diagnostics in color
+		if (_flags)
+			# append to list
+			list (APPEND _flags -H -E -fno-color-diagnostics)
+		else()
+			# return as a flag string
+			set (_flags "-H -E -fno-color-diagnostics")
+		endif()
+	elseif (_compilerID MATCHES "Intel")
+		if (WIN32)
+			# Windows Intel options used
+			# /nologo do not display compiler version information
+			# /QH display the include file order
+			# /EP preprocess to stdout, omitting #line directives
+			# /TC process all source or unrecognized file types as C source files
+			# /TP process all source or unrecognized file types as C++ source files
+			set (_sourceFileTypeC "/TC")
+			set (_sourceFileTypeCXX "/TP")
+			if (_flags)
+				# append to list
+				list (APPEND _flags /nologo "${_sourceFileType${_language}}" /EP /QH)
+			else()
+				# return as a flag string
+				set (_flags "${_sourceFileType${_language}} /EP /QH")
+			endif()
+		else()
+			# Linux / Mac OS X Intel options used
+			# -H print the name of each header file used
+			# -EP preprocess to stdout, omitting #line directives
+			# -Kc++ process all source or unrecognized file types as C++ source files
+			if (_flags)
+				# append to list
+				if ("${_language}" STREQUAL "CXX")
+					list (APPEND _flags -Kc++)
+				endif()
+				list (APPEND _flags -H -EP)
+			else()
+				# return as a flag string
+				if ("${_language}" STREQUAL "CXX")
+					set (_flags "-Kc++ ")
+				endif()
+				set (_flags "${_flags}-H -EP")
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	else()
+		message (FATAL_ERROR "cotire: unsupported ${_language} compiler ${_compilerID} version ${_compilerVersion}.")
+	endif()
+	set (${_flagsVar} ${_flags} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_add_pch_compilation_flags _language _compilerID _compilerVersion _prefixFile _pchFile _hostFile _flagsVar)
+	set (_flags ${${_flagsVar}})
+	if (_compilerID MATCHES "MSVC")
+		file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_prefixFile}" _prefixFileNative)
+		file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_pchFile}" _pchFileNative)
+		file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_hostFile}" _hostFileNative)
+		# cl.exe options used
+		# /Yc creates a precompiled header file
+		# /Fp specifies precompiled header binary file name
+		# /FI forces inclusion of file
+		# /TC treat all files named on the command line as C source files
+		# /TP treat all files named on the command line as C++ source files
+		# /Zs syntax check only
+		# /Zm precompiled header memory allocation scaling factor
+		set (_sourceFileTypeC "/TC")
+		set (_sourceFileTypeCXX "/TP")
+		if (_flags)
+			# append to list
+			list (APPEND _flags /nologo "${_sourceFileType${_language}}"
+				"/Yc${_prefixFileNative}" "/Fp${_pchFileNative}" "/FI${_prefixFileNative}" /Zs "${_hostFileNative}")
+			if (COTIRE_PCH_MEMORY_SCALING_FACTOR)
+				list (APPEND _flags "/Zm${COTIRE_PCH_MEMORY_SCALING_FACTOR}")
+			endif()
+		else()
+			# return as a flag string
+			set (_flags "/Yc\"${_prefixFileNative}\" /Fp\"${_pchFileNative}\" /FI\"${_prefixFileNative}\"")
+			if (COTIRE_PCH_MEMORY_SCALING_FACTOR)
+				set (_flags "${_flags} /Zm${COTIRE_PCH_MEMORY_SCALING_FACTOR}")
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	elseif (_compilerID MATCHES "GNU|Clang")
+		# GCC / Clang options used
+		# -x specify the source language
+		# -c compile but do not link
+		# -o place output in file
+		# note that we cannot use -w to suppress all warnings upon pre-compiling, because turning off a warning may
+		# alter compile flags as a side effect (e.g., -Wwrite-string implies -fconst-strings)
+		set (_xLanguage_C "c-header")
+		set (_xLanguage_CXX "c++-header")
+		if (_flags)
+			# append to list
+			list (APPEND _flags "-x" "${_xLanguage_${_language}}" "-c" "${_prefixFile}" -o "${_pchFile}")
+		else()
+			# return as a flag string
+			set (_flags "-x ${_xLanguage_${_language}} -c \"${_prefixFile}\" -o \"${_pchFile}\"")
+		endif()
+	elseif (_compilerID MATCHES "Intel")
+		if (WIN32)
+			file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_prefixFile}" _prefixFileNative)
+			file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_pchFile}" _pchFileNative)
+			file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_hostFile}" _hostFileNative)
+			# Windows Intel options used
+			# /nologo do not display compiler version information
+			# /Yc create a precompiled header (PCH) file
+			# /Fp specify a path or file name for precompiled header files
+			# /FI tells the preprocessor to include a specified file name as the header file
+			# /TC process all source or unrecognized file types as C source files
+			# /TP process all source or unrecognized file types as C++ source files
+			# /Zs syntax check only
+			# /Wpch-messages enable diagnostics related to pre-compiled headers (requires Intel XE 2013 Update 2)
+			set (_sourceFileTypeC "/TC")
+			set (_sourceFileTypeCXX "/TP")
+			if (_flags)
+				# append to list
+				list (APPEND _flags /nologo "${_sourceFileType${_language}}"
+					"/Yc" "/Fp${_pchFileNative}" "/FI${_prefixFileNative}" /Zs "${_hostFileNative}")
+				if (NOT "${_compilerVersion}" VERSION_LESS "13.1.0")
+					list (APPEND _flags "/Wpch-messages")
+				endif()
+			else()
+				# return as a flag string
+				set (_flags "/Yc /Fp\"${_pchFileNative}\" /FI\"${_prefixFileNative}\"")
+				if (NOT "${_compilerVersion}" VERSION_LESS "13.1.0")
+					set (_flags "${_flags} /Wpch-messages")
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		else()
+			# Linux / Mac OS X Intel options used
+			# -pch-dir location for precompiled header files
+			# -pch-create name of the precompiled header (PCH) to create
+			# -Kc++ process all source or unrecognized file types as C++ source files
+			# -fsyntax-only check only for correct syntax
+			# -Wpch-messages enable diagnostics related to pre-compiled headers (requires Intel XE 2013 Update 2)
+			get_filename_component(_pchDir "${_pchFile}" DIRECTORY)
+			get_filename_component(_pchName "${_pchFile}" NAME)
+			set (_xLanguage_C "c-header")
+			set (_xLanguage_CXX "c++-header")
+			if (_flags)
+				# append to list
+				if ("${_language}" STREQUAL "CXX")
+					list (APPEND _flags -Kc++)
+				endif()
+				list (APPEND _flags "-include" "${_prefixFile}" "-pch-dir" "${_pchDir}" "-pch-create" "${_pchName}" "-fsyntax-only" "${_hostFile}")
+				if (NOT "${_compilerVersion}" VERSION_LESS "13.1.0")
+					list (APPEND _flags "-Wpch-messages")
+				endif()
+			else()
+				# return as a flag string
+				set (_flags "-include \"${_prefixFile}\" -pch-dir \"${_pchDir}\" -pch-create \"${_pchName}\"")
+				if (NOT "${_compilerVersion}" VERSION_LESS "13.1.0")
+					set (_flags "${_flags} -Wpch-messages")
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	else()
+		message (FATAL_ERROR "cotire: unsupported ${_language} compiler ${_compilerID} version ${_compilerVersion}.")
+	endif()
+	set (${_flagsVar} ${_flags} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_add_prefix_pch_inclusion_flags _language _compilerID _compilerVersion _prefixFile _pchFile _flagsVar)
+	set (_flags ${${_flagsVar}})
+	if (_compilerID MATCHES "MSVC")
+		file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_prefixFile}" _prefixFileNative)
+		# cl.exe options used
+		# /Yu uses a precompiled header file during build
+		# /Fp specifies precompiled header binary file name
+		# /FI forces inclusion of file
+		# /Zm precompiled header memory allocation scaling factor
+		if (_pchFile)
+			file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_pchFile}" _pchFileNative)
+			if (_flags)
+				# append to list
+				list (APPEND _flags "/Yu${_prefixFileNative}" "/Fp${_pchFileNative}" "/FI${_prefixFileNative}")
+				if (COTIRE_PCH_MEMORY_SCALING_FACTOR)
+					list (APPEND _flags "/Zm${COTIRE_PCH_MEMORY_SCALING_FACTOR}")
+				endif()
+			else()
+				# return as a flag string
+				set (_flags "/Yu\"${_prefixFileNative}\" /Fp\"${_pchFileNative}\" /FI\"${_prefixFileNative}\"")
+				if (COTIRE_PCH_MEMORY_SCALING_FACTOR)
+					set (_flags "${_flags} /Zm${COTIRE_PCH_MEMORY_SCALING_FACTOR}")
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		else()
+			# no precompiled header, force inclusion of prefix header
+			if (_flags)
+				# append to list
+				list (APPEND _flags "/FI${_prefixFileNative}")
+			else()
+				# return as a flag string
+				set (_flags "/FI\"${_prefixFileNative}\"")
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	elseif (_compilerID MATCHES "GNU")
+		# GCC options used
+		# -include process include file as the first line of the primary source file
+		# -Winvalid-pch warns if precompiled header is found but cannot be used
+		# note: ccache requires the -include flag to be used in order to process precompiled header correctly
+		if (_flags)
+			# append to list
+			list (APPEND _flags "-Winvalid-pch" "-include" "${_prefixFile}")
+		else()
+			# return as a flag string
+			set (_flags "-Winvalid-pch -include \"${_prefixFile}\"")
+		endif()
+	elseif (_compilerID MATCHES "Clang")
+		# Clang options used
+		# -include process include file as the first line of the primary source file
+		# -include-pch include precompiled header file
+		# -Qunused-arguments don't emit warning for unused driver arguments
+		# note: ccache requires the -include flag to be used in order to process precompiled header correctly
+		if (_flags)
+			# append to list
+			list (APPEND _flags "-Qunused-arguments" "-include" "${_prefixFile}")
+		else()
+			# return as a flag string
+			set (_flags "-Qunused-arguments -include \"${_prefixFile}\"")
+		endif()
+	elseif (_compilerID MATCHES "Intel")
+		if (WIN32)
+			file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_prefixFile}" _prefixFileNative)
+			# Windows Intel options used
+			# /Yu use a precompiled header (PCH) file
+			# /Fp specify a path or file name for precompiled header files
+			# /FI tells the preprocessor to include a specified file name as the header file
+			# /Wpch-messages enable diagnostics related to pre-compiled headers (requires Intel XE 2013 Update 2)
+			if (_pchFile)
+				file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_pchFile}" _pchFileNative)
+				if (_flags)
+					# append to list
+					list (APPEND _flags "/Yu" "/Fp${_pchFileNative}" "/FI${_prefixFileNative}")
+					if (NOT "${_compilerVersion}" VERSION_LESS "13.1.0")
+						list (APPEND _flags "/Wpch-messages")
+					endif()
+				else()
+					# return as a flag string
+					set (_flags "/Yu /Fp\"${_pchFileNative}\" /FI\"${_prefixFileNative}\"")
+					if (NOT "${_compilerVersion}" VERSION_LESS "13.1.0")
+						set (_flags "${_flags} /Wpch-messages")
+					endif()
+				endif()
+			else()
+				# no precompiled header, force inclusion of prefix header
+				if (_flags)
+					# append to list
+					list (APPEND _flags "/FI${_prefixFileNative}")
+				else()
+					# return as a flag string
+					set (_flags "/FI\"${_prefixFileNative}\"")
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		else()
+			# Linux / Mac OS X Intel options used
+			# -pch-dir location for precompiled header files
+			# -pch-use name of the precompiled header (PCH) to use
+			# -include process include file as the first line of the primary source file
+			# -Wpch-messages enable diagnostics related to pre-compiled headers (requires Intel XE 2013 Update 2)
+			if (_pchFile)
+				get_filename_component(_pchDir "${_pchFile}" DIRECTORY)
+				get_filename_component(_pchName "${_pchFile}" NAME)
+				if (_flags)
+					# append to list
+					list (APPEND _flags "-include" "${_prefixFile}" "-pch-dir" "${_pchDir}" "-pch-use" "${_pchName}")
+					if (NOT "${_compilerVersion}" VERSION_LESS "13.1.0")
+						list (APPEND _flags "-Wpch-messages")
+					endif()
+				else()
+					# return as a flag string
+					set (_flags "-include \"${_prefixFile}\" -pch-dir \"${_pchDir}\" -pch-use \"${_pchName}\"")
+					if (NOT "${_compilerVersion}" VERSION_LESS "13.1.0")
+						set (_flags "${_flags} -Wpch-messages")
+					endif()
+				endif()
+			else()
+				# no precompiled header, force inclusion of prefix header
+				if (_flags)
+					# append to list
+					list (APPEND _flags "-include" "${_prefixFile}")
+				else()
+					# return as a flag string
+					set (_flags "-include \"${_prefixFile}\"")
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	else()
+		message (FATAL_ERROR "cotire: unsupported ${_language} compiler ${_compilerID} version ${_compilerVersion}.")
+	endif()
+	set (${_flagsVar} ${_flags} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_precompile_prefix_header _prefixFile _pchFile _hostFile)
+	set(_options "")
+	set(_oneValueArgs COMPILER_EXECUTABLE COMPILER_ARG1 COMPILER_ID COMPILER_VERSION LANGUAGE)
+	set(_multiValueArgs COMPILE_DEFINITIONS COMPILE_FLAGS INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES SYS COMPILER_LAUNCHER)
+	cmake_parse_arguments(_option "${_options}" "${_oneValueArgs}" "${_multiValueArgs}" ${ARGN})
+	if (NOT _option_LANGUAGE)
+		set (_option_LANGUAGE "CXX")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT _option_COMPILER_ID)
+		set (_option_COMPILER_ID "${CMAKE_${_option_LANGUAGE}_ID}")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT _option_COMPILER_VERSION)
+		set (_option_COMPILER_VERSION "${CMAKE_${_option_LANGUAGE}_COMPILER_VERSION}")
+	endif()
+	cotire_init_compile_cmd(_cmd "${_option_LANGUAGE}" "${_option_COMPILER_LAUNCHER}" "${_option_COMPILER_EXECUTABLE}" "${_option_COMPILER_ARG1}")
+	cotire_add_definitions_to_cmd(_cmd "${_option_LANGUAGE}" ${_option_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS})
+	cotire_add_compile_flags_to_cmd(_cmd ${_option_COMPILE_FLAGS})
+	cotire_add_includes_to_cmd(_cmd "${_option_LANGUAGE}" _option_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES _option_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+	cotire_add_frameworks_to_cmd(_cmd "${_option_LANGUAGE}" _option_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES _option_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+	cotire_add_pch_compilation_flags(
+		"${_option_LANGUAGE}" "${_option_COMPILER_ID}" "${_option_COMPILER_VERSION}"
+		"${_prefixFile}" "${_pchFile}" "${_hostFile}" _cmd)
+	if (COTIRE_VERBOSE)
+		message (STATUS "execute_process: ${_cmd}")
+	endif()
+	if (_option_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC")
+		# cl.exe messes with the output streams unless the environment variable VS_UNICODE_OUTPUT is cleared
+		unset (ENV{VS_UNICODE_OUTPUT})
+	endif()
+	execute_process(
+		COMMAND ${_cmd}
+		WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}"
+		RESULT_VARIABLE _result)
+	if (_result)
+		message (FATAL_ERROR "cotire: error ${_result} precompiling ${_prefixFile}.")
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_check_precompiled_header_support _language _target _msgVar)
+	set (_unsupportedCompiler
+		"Precompiled headers not supported for ${_language} compiler ${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID}")
+	if (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC")
+		# supported since Visual Studio C++ 6.0
+		# and CMake does not support an earlier version
+		set (${_msgVar} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+	elseif (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU")
+		# GCC PCH support requires version >= 3.4
+		if ("${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_VERSION}" VERSION_LESS "3.4.0")
+			set (${_msgVar} "${_unsupportedCompiler} version ${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_VERSION}." PARENT_SCOPE)
+		else()
+			set (${_msgVar} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+		endif()
+	elseif (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
+		# all Clang versions have PCH support
+		set (${_msgVar} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+	elseif (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Intel")
+		# Intel PCH support requires version >= 8.0.0
+		if ("${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_VERSION}" VERSION_LESS "8.0.0")
+			set (${_msgVar} "${_unsupportedCompiler} version ${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_VERSION}." PARENT_SCOPE)
+		else()
+			set (${_msgVar} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+		endif()
+	else()
+		set (${_msgVar} "${_unsupportedCompiler}." PARENT_SCOPE)
+	endif()
+	get_target_property(_launcher ${_target} ${_language}_COMPILER_LAUNCHER)
+	if (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER MATCHES "ccache" OR _launcher MATCHES "ccache")
+		if (DEFINED ENV{CCACHE_SLOPPINESS})
+			if (NOT "$ENV{CCACHE_SLOPPINESS}" MATCHES "pch_defines" OR NOT "$ENV{CCACHE_SLOPPINESS}" MATCHES "time_macros")
+				set (${_msgVar}
+					"ccache requires the environment variable CCACHE_SLOPPINESS to be set to \"pch_defines,time_macros\"."
+					PARENT_SCOPE)
+			endif()
+		else()
+			if (_launcher MATCHES "ccache")
+				get_filename_component(_ccacheExe "${_launcher}" REALPATH)
+			else()
+				get_filename_component(_ccacheExe "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER}" REALPATH)
+			endif()
+			execute_process(
+				COMMAND "${_ccacheExe}" "--print-config"
+				WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}"
+				RESULT_VARIABLE _result
+				OUTPUT_VARIABLE _ccacheConfig OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+				ERROR_QUIET)
+			if (_result OR NOT
+				_ccacheConfig MATCHES "sloppiness.*=.*time_macros" OR NOT
+				_ccacheConfig MATCHES "sloppiness.*=.*pch_defines")
+				set (${_msgVar}
+					"ccache requires configuration setting \"sloppiness\" to be set to \"pch_defines,time_macros\"."
+					PARENT_SCOPE)
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	if (APPLE)
+		# PCH compilation not supported by GCC / Clang for multi-architecture builds (e.g., i386, x86_64)
+		cotire_get_configuration_types(_configs)
+		foreach (_config ${_configs})
+			set (_targetFlags "")
+			cotire_get_target_compile_flags("${_config}" "${_language}" "${_target}" _targetFlags)
+			cotire_filter_compile_flags("${_language}" "arch" _architectures _ignore ${_targetFlags})
+			list (LENGTH _architectures _numberOfArchitectures)
+			if (_numberOfArchitectures GREATER 1)
+				string (REPLACE ";" ", " _architectureStr "${_architectures}")
+				set (${_msgVar}
+					"Precompiled headers not supported on Darwin for multi-architecture builds (${_architectureStr})."
+					PARENT_SCOPE)
+				break()
+			endif()
+		endforeach()
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+macro (cotire_get_intermediate_dir _cotireDir)
+	# ${CMAKE_CFG_INTDIR} may reference a build-time variable when using a generator which supports configuration types
+	get_filename_component(${_cotireDir} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_CFG_INTDIR}/${COTIRE_INTDIR}" ABSOLUTE)
+endmacro()
+
+macro (cotire_setup_file_extension_variables)
+	set (_unityFileExt_C ".c")
+	set (_unityFileExt_CXX ".cxx")
+	set (_prefixFileExt_C ".h")
+	set (_prefixFileExt_CXX ".hxx")
+	set (_prefixSourceFileExt_C ".c")
+	set (_prefixSourceFileExt_CXX ".cxx")
+endmacro()
+
+function (cotire_make_single_unity_source_file_path _language _target _unityFileVar)
+	cotire_setup_file_extension_variables()
+	if (NOT DEFINED _unityFileExt_${_language})
+		set (${_unityFileVar} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+		return()
+	endif()
+	set (_unityFileBaseName "${_target}_${_language}${COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_FILENAME_SUFFIX}")
+	set (_unityFileName "${_unityFileBaseName}${_unityFileExt_${_language}}")
+	cotire_get_intermediate_dir(_baseDir)
+	set (_unityFile "${_baseDir}/${_unityFileName}")
+	set (${_unityFileVar} "${_unityFile}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_make_unity_source_file_paths _language _target _maxIncludes _unityFilesVar)
+	cotire_setup_file_extension_variables()
+	if (NOT DEFINED _unityFileExt_${_language})
+		set (${_unityFileVar} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+		return()
+	endif()
+	set (_unityFileBaseName "${_target}_${_language}${COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_FILENAME_SUFFIX}")
+	cotire_get_intermediate_dir(_baseDir)
+	set (_startIndex 0)
+	set (_index 0)
+	set (_unityFiles "")
+	set (_sourceFiles ${ARGN})
+	foreach (_sourceFile ${_sourceFiles})
+		get_source_file_property(_startNew "${_sourceFile}" COTIRE_START_NEW_UNITY_SOURCE)
+		math (EXPR _unityFileCount "${_index} - ${_startIndex}")
+		if (_startNew OR (_maxIncludes GREATER 0 AND NOT _unityFileCount LESS _maxIncludes))
+			if (_index GREATER 0)
+				# start new unity file segment
+				math (EXPR _endIndex "${_index} - 1")
+				set (_unityFileName "${_unityFileBaseName}_${_startIndex}_${_endIndex}${_unityFileExt_${_language}}")
+				list (APPEND _unityFiles "${_baseDir}/${_unityFileName}")
+			endif()
+			set (_startIndex ${_index})
+		endif()
+		math (EXPR _index "${_index} + 1")
+	endforeach()
+	list (LENGTH _sourceFiles _numberOfSources)
+	if (_startIndex EQUAL 0)
+		# there is only a single unity file
+		cotire_make_single_unity_source_file_path(${_language} ${_target} _unityFiles)
+	elseif (_startIndex LESS _numberOfSources)
+		# end with final unity file segment
+		math (EXPR _endIndex "${_index} - 1")
+		set (_unityFileName "${_unityFileBaseName}_${_startIndex}_${_endIndex}${_unityFileExt_${_language}}")
+		list (APPEND _unityFiles "${_baseDir}/${_unityFileName}")
+	endif()
+	set (${_unityFilesVar} ${_unityFiles} PARENT_SCOPE)
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _unityFiles)
+		message (STATUS "unity files: ${_unityFiles}")
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_unity_to_prefix_file_path _language _target _unityFile _prefixFileVar)
+	cotire_setup_file_extension_variables()
+	if (NOT DEFINED _unityFileExt_${_language})
+		set (${_prefixFileVar} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+		return()
+	endif()
+	set (_unityFileBaseName "${_target}_${_language}${COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_FILENAME_SUFFIX}")
+	set (_prefixFileBaseName "${_target}_${_language}${COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_FILENAME_SUFFIX}")
+	string (REPLACE "${_unityFileBaseName}" "${_prefixFileBaseName}" _prefixFile "${_unityFile}")
+	string (REGEX REPLACE "${_unityFileExt_${_language}}$" "${_prefixFileExt_${_language}}" _prefixFile "${_prefixFile}")
+	set (${_prefixFileVar} "${_prefixFile}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_prefix_header_to_source_file_path _language _prefixHeaderFile _prefixSourceFileVar)
+	cotire_setup_file_extension_variables()
+	if (NOT DEFINED _prefixSourceFileExt_${_language})
+		set (${_prefixSourceFileVar} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+		return()
+	endif()
+	string (REGEX REPLACE "${_prefixFileExt_${_language}}$" "${_prefixSourceFileExt_${_language}}" _prefixSourceFile "${_prefixHeaderFile}")
+	set (${_prefixSourceFileVar} "${_prefixSourceFile}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_make_prefix_file_name _language _target _prefixFileBaseNameVar _prefixFileNameVar)
+	cotire_setup_file_extension_variables()
+	if (NOT _language)
+		set (_prefixFileBaseName "${_target}${COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_FILENAME_SUFFIX}")
+		set (_prefixFileName "${_prefixFileBaseName}${_prefixFileExt_C}")
+	elseif (DEFINED _prefixFileExt_${_language})
+		set (_prefixFileBaseName "${_target}_${_language}${COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_FILENAME_SUFFIX}")
+		set (_prefixFileName "${_prefixFileBaseName}${_prefixFileExt_${_language}}")
+	else()
+		set (_prefixFileBaseName "")
+		set (_prefixFileName "")
+	endif()
+	set (${_prefixFileBaseNameVar} "${_prefixFileBaseName}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+	set (${_prefixFileNameVar} "${_prefixFileName}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_make_prefix_file_path _language _target _prefixFileVar)
+	cotire_make_prefix_file_name("${_language}" "${_target}" _prefixFileBaseName _prefixFileName)
+	set (${_prefixFileVar} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+	if (_prefixFileName)
+		if (NOT _language)
+			set (_language "C")
+		endif()
+		if (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU|Clang|Intel|MSVC")
+			cotire_get_intermediate_dir(_baseDir)
+			set (${_prefixFileVar} "${_baseDir}/${_prefixFileName}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+		endif()
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_make_pch_file_path _language _target _pchFileVar)
+	cotire_make_prefix_file_name("${_language}" "${_target}" _prefixFileBaseName _prefixFileName)
+	set (${_pchFileVar} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+	if (_prefixFileBaseName AND _prefixFileName)
+		cotire_check_precompiled_header_support("${_language}" "${_target}" _msg)
+		if (NOT _msg)
+			if (XCODE)
+				# For Xcode, we completely hand off the compilation of the prefix header to the IDE
+				return()
+			endif()
+			cotire_get_intermediate_dir(_baseDir)
+			if (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC")
+				# MSVC uses the extension .pch added to the prefix header base name
+				set (${_pchFileVar} "${_baseDir}/${_prefixFileBaseName}.pch" PARENT_SCOPE)
+			elseif (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
+				# Clang looks for a precompiled header corresponding to the prefix header with the extension .pch appended
+				set (${_pchFileVar} "${_baseDir}/${_prefixFileName}.pch" PARENT_SCOPE)
+			elseif (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU")
+				# GCC looks for a precompiled header corresponding to the prefix header with the extension .gch appended
+				set (${_pchFileVar} "${_baseDir}/${_prefixFileName}.gch" PARENT_SCOPE)
+			elseif (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Intel")
+				# Intel uses the extension .pchi added to the prefix header base name
+				set (${_pchFileVar} "${_baseDir}/${_prefixFileBaseName}.pchi" PARENT_SCOPE)
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_select_unity_source_files _unityFile _sourcesVar)
+	set (_sourceFiles ${ARGN})
+	if (_sourceFiles AND "${_unityFile}" MATCHES "${COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_FILENAME_SUFFIX}_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)")
+		set (_startIndex ${CMAKE_MATCH_1})
+		set (_endIndex ${CMAKE_MATCH_2})
+		list (LENGTH _sourceFiles _numberOfSources)
+		if (NOT _startIndex LESS _numberOfSources)
+			math (EXPR _startIndex "${_numberOfSources} - 1")
+		endif()
+		if (NOT _endIndex LESS _numberOfSources)
+			math (EXPR _endIndex "${_numberOfSources} - 1")
+		endif()
+		set (_files "")
+		foreach (_index RANGE ${_startIndex} ${_endIndex})
+			list (GET _sourceFiles ${_index} _file)
+			list (APPEND _files "${_file}")
+		endforeach()
+	else()
+		set (_files ${_sourceFiles})
+	endif()
+	set (${_sourcesVar} ${_files} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_unity_source_dependencies _language _target _dependencySourcesVar)
+	set (_dependencySources "")
+	# depend on target's generated source files
+	get_target_property(_targetSourceFiles ${_target} SOURCES)
+	cotire_get_objects_with_property_on(_generatedSources GENERATED SOURCE ${_targetSourceFiles})
+	if (_generatedSources)
+		# but omit all generated source files that have the COTIRE_EXCLUDED property set to true
+		cotire_get_objects_with_property_on(_excludedGeneratedSources COTIRE_EXCLUDED SOURCE ${_generatedSources})
+		if (_excludedGeneratedSources)
+			list (REMOVE_ITEM _generatedSources ${_excludedGeneratedSources})
+		endif()
+		# and omit all generated source files that have the COTIRE_DEPENDENCY property set to false explicitly
+		cotire_get_objects_with_property_off(_excludedNonDependencySources COTIRE_DEPENDENCY SOURCE ${_generatedSources})
+		if (_excludedNonDependencySources)
+			list (REMOVE_ITEM _generatedSources ${_excludedNonDependencySources})
+		endif()
+		if (_generatedSources)
+			list (APPEND _dependencySources ${_generatedSources})
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _dependencySources)
+		message (STATUS "${_language} ${_target} unity source dependencies: ${_dependencySources}")
+	endif()
+	set (${_dependencySourcesVar} ${_dependencySources} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_prefix_header_dependencies _language _target _dependencySourcesVar)
+	set (_dependencySources "")
+	# depend on target source files marked with custom COTIRE_DEPENDENCY property
+	get_target_property(_targetSourceFiles ${_target} SOURCES)
+	cotire_get_objects_with_property_on(_dependencySources COTIRE_DEPENDENCY SOURCE ${_targetSourceFiles})
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _dependencySources)
+		message (STATUS "${_language} ${_target} prefix header dependencies: ${_dependencySources}")
+	endif()
+	set (${_dependencySourcesVar} ${_dependencySources} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_generate_target_script _language _configurations _target _targetScriptVar _targetConfigScriptVar)
+	set (_targetSources ${ARGN})
+	cotire_get_prefix_header_dependencies(${_language} ${_target} COTIRE_TARGET_PREFIX_DEPENDS ${_targetSources})
+	cotire_get_unity_source_dependencies(${_language} ${_target} COTIRE_TARGET_UNITY_DEPENDS ${_targetSources})
+	# set up variables to be configured
+	set (COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE "${_language}")
+	get_target_property(COTIRE_TARGET_IGNORE_PATH ${_target} COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_IGNORE_PATH)
+	cotire_add_sys_root_paths(COTIRE_TARGET_IGNORE_PATH)
+	get_target_property(COTIRE_TARGET_INCLUDE_PATH ${_target} COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_INCLUDE_PATH)
+	cotire_add_sys_root_paths(COTIRE_TARGET_INCLUDE_PATH)
+	get_target_property(COTIRE_TARGET_PRE_UNDEFS ${_target} COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_PRE_UNDEFS)
+	get_target_property(COTIRE_TARGET_POST_UNDEFS ${_target} COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_POST_UNDEFS)
+	get_target_property(COTIRE_TARGET_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_INCLUDES ${_target} COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_INCLUDES)
+	get_target_property(COTIRE_TARGET_INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH ${_target} COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH)
+	cotire_get_source_files_undefs(COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_PRE_UNDEFS COTIRE_TARGET_SOURCES_PRE_UNDEFS ${_targetSources})
+	cotire_get_source_files_undefs(COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_POST_UNDEFS COTIRE_TARGET_SOURCES_POST_UNDEFS ${_targetSources})
+	set (COTIRE_TARGET_CONFIGURATION_TYPES "${_configurations}")
+	foreach (_config ${_configurations})
+		string (TOUPPER "${_config}" _upperConfig)
+		cotire_get_target_include_directories(
+			"${_config}" "${_language}" "${_target}" COTIRE_TARGET_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES_${_upperConfig} COTIRE_TARGET_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES_${_upperConfig})
+		cotire_get_target_compile_definitions(
+			"${_config}" "${_language}" "${_target}" COTIRE_TARGET_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS_${_upperConfig})
+		cotire_get_target_compiler_flags(
+			"${_config}" "${_language}" "${_target}" COTIRE_TARGET_COMPILE_FLAGS_${_upperConfig})
+		cotire_get_source_files_compile_definitions(
+			"${_config}" "${_language}" COTIRE_TARGET_SOURCES_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS_${_upperConfig} ${_targetSources})
+	endforeach()
+	get_target_property(COTIRE_TARGET_${_language}_COMPILER_LAUNCHER ${_target} ${_language}_COMPILER_LAUNCHER)
+	# set up COTIRE_TARGET_SOURCES
+	set (COTIRE_TARGET_SOURCES "")
+	foreach (_sourceFile ${_targetSources})
+		get_source_file_property(_generated "${_sourceFile}" GENERATED)
+		if (_generated)
+			# use absolute paths for generated files only, retrieving the LOCATION property is an expensive operation
+			get_source_file_property(_sourceLocation "${_sourceFile}" LOCATION)
+			list (APPEND COTIRE_TARGET_SOURCES "${_sourceLocation}")
+		else()
+			list (APPEND COTIRE_TARGET_SOURCES "${_sourceFile}")
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	# copy variable definitions to cotire target script
+	get_cmake_property(_vars VARIABLES)
+	string (REGEX MATCHALL "COTIRE_[A-Za-z0-9_]+" _matchVars "${_vars}")
+	# omit COTIRE_*_INIT variables
+	string (REGEX MATCHALL "COTIRE_[A-Za-z0-9_]+_INIT" _initVars "${_matchVars}")
+	if (_initVars)
+		list (REMOVE_ITEM _matchVars ${_initVars})
+	endif()
+	# omit COTIRE_VERBOSE which is passed as a CMake define on command line
+	list (REMOVE_ITEM _matchVars COTIRE_VERBOSE)
+	set (_contents "")
+	set (_contentsHasGeneratorExpressions FALSE)
+	foreach (_var IN LISTS _matchVars ITEMS
+		XCODE MSVC CMAKE_GENERATOR CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES
+		CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_VERSION
+		CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_LAUNCHER CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ARG1
+		CMAKE_INCLUDE_FLAG_${_language} CMAKE_INCLUDE_FLAG_${_language}_SEP
+		CMAKE_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_FLAG_${_language}
+		CMAKE_${_language}_FRAMEWORK_SEARCH_FLAG
+		CMAKE_${_language}_SYSTEM_FRAMEWORK_SEARCH_FLAG
+		CMAKE_${_language}_SOURCE_FILE_EXTENSIONS)
+		if (DEFINED ${_var})
+			string (REPLACE "\"" "\\\"" _value "${${_var}}")
+			set (_contents "${_contents}set (${_var} \"${_value}\")\n")
+			if (NOT _contentsHasGeneratorExpressions)
+				if ("${_value}" MATCHES "\\$<.*>")
+					set (_contentsHasGeneratorExpressions TRUE)
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	# generate target script file
+	get_filename_component(_moduleName "${COTIRE_CMAKE_MODULE_FILE}" NAME)
+	set (_targetCotireScript "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${_target}_${_language}_${_moduleName}")
+	cotire_write_file("CMAKE" "${_targetCotireScript}" "${_contents}" FALSE)
+	if (_contentsHasGeneratorExpressions)
+		# use file(GENERATE ...) to expand generator expressions in the target script at CMake generate-time
+		set (_configNameOrNoneGeneratorExpression "$<$<CONFIG:>:None>$<$<NOT:$<CONFIG:>>:$<CONFIGURATION>>")
+		set (_targetCotireConfigScript "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${_target}_${_language}_${_configNameOrNoneGeneratorExpression}_${_moduleName}")
+		file (GENERATE OUTPUT "${_targetCotireConfigScript}" INPUT "${_targetCotireScript}")
+	else()
+		set (_targetCotireConfigScript "${_targetCotireScript}")
+	endif()
+	set (${_targetScriptVar} "${_targetCotireScript}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+	set (${_targetConfigScriptVar} "${_targetCotireConfigScript}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_setup_pch_file_compilation _language _target _targetScript _prefixFile _pchFile _hostFile)
+	set (_sourceFiles ${ARGN})
+	if (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC|Intel")
+		# for Visual Studio and Intel, we attach the precompiled header compilation to the host file
+		# the remaining files include the precompiled header, see cotire_setup_pch_file_inclusion
+		if (_sourceFiles)
+			set (_flags "")
+			cotire_add_pch_compilation_flags(
+				"${_language}" "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID}" "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_VERSION}"
+				"${_prefixFile}" "${_pchFile}" "${_hostFile}" _flags)
+			set_property (SOURCE ${_hostFile} APPEND_STRING PROPERTY COMPILE_FLAGS " ${_flags} ")
+			set_property (SOURCE ${_hostFile} APPEND PROPERTY OBJECT_OUTPUTS "${_pchFile}")
+			# make object file generated from host file depend on prefix header
+			set_property (SOURCE ${_hostFile} APPEND PROPERTY OBJECT_DEPENDS "${_prefixFile}")
+			# mark host file as cotired to prevent it from being used in another cotired target
+			set_property (SOURCE ${_hostFile} PROPERTY COTIRE_TARGET "${_target}")
+		endif()
+	elseif ("${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" MATCHES "Make|Ninja")
+		# for makefile based generator, we add a custom command to precompile the prefix header
+		if (_targetScript)
+			cotire_set_cmd_to_prologue(_cmds)
+			list (APPEND _cmds -P "${COTIRE_CMAKE_MODULE_FILE}" "precompile" "${_targetScript}" "${_prefixFile}" "${_pchFile}" "${_hostFile}")
+			if (MSVC_IDE)
+				file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_pchFile}" _pchFileLogPath)
+			else()
+				file (RELATIVE_PATH _pchFileLogPath "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" "${_pchFile}")
+			endif()
+			# make precompiled header compilation depend on the actual compiler executable used to force
+			# re-compilation when the compiler executable is updated. This prevents "created by a different GCC executable"
+			# warnings when the precompiled header is included.
+			get_filename_component(_realCompilerExe "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER}" ABSOLUTE)
+			if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+				message (STATUS "add_custom_command: OUTPUT ${_pchFile} ${_cmds} DEPENDS ${_prefixFile} ${_realCompilerExe} IMPLICIT_DEPENDS ${_language} ${_prefixFile}")
+			endif()
+			set_property (SOURCE "${_pchFile}" PROPERTY GENERATED TRUE)
+			add_custom_command(
+				OUTPUT "${_pchFile}"
+				COMMAND ${_cmds}
+				DEPENDS "${_prefixFile}" "${_realCompilerExe}"
+				IMPLICIT_DEPENDS ${_language} "${_prefixFile}"
+				WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}"
+				COMMENT "Building ${_language} precompiled header ${_pchFileLogPath}"
+				VERBATIM)
+		endif()
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_setup_pch_file_inclusion _language _target _wholeTarget _prefixFile _pchFile _hostFile)
+	if (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC|Intel")
+		# for Visual Studio and Intel, we include the precompiled header in all but the host file
+		# the host file does the precompiled header compilation, see cotire_setup_pch_file_compilation
+		set (_sourceFiles ${ARGN})
+		list (LENGTH _sourceFiles _numberOfSourceFiles)
+		if (_numberOfSourceFiles GREATER 0)
+			# mark sources as cotired to prevent them from being used in another cotired target
+			set_source_files_properties(${_sourceFiles} PROPERTIES COTIRE_TARGET "${_target}")
+			set (_flags "")
+			cotire_add_prefix_pch_inclusion_flags(
+				"${_language}" "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID}" "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_VERSION}"
+				"${_prefixFile}" "${_pchFile}" _flags)
+			set_property (SOURCE ${_sourceFiles} APPEND_STRING PROPERTY COMPILE_FLAGS " ${_flags} ")
+			# make object files generated from source files depend on precompiled header
+			set_property (SOURCE ${_sourceFiles} APPEND PROPERTY OBJECT_DEPENDS "${_pchFile}")
+		endif()
+	elseif ("${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" MATCHES "Make|Ninja")
+		set (_sourceFiles ${_hostFile} ${ARGN})
+		if (NOT _wholeTarget)
+			# for makefile based generator, we force the inclusion of the prefix header for a subset
+			# of the source files, if this is a multi-language target or has excluded files
+			set (_flags "")
+			cotire_add_prefix_pch_inclusion_flags(
+				"${_language}" "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID}" "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_VERSION}"
+				"${_prefixFile}" "${_pchFile}" _flags)
+			set_property (SOURCE ${_sourceFiles} APPEND_STRING PROPERTY COMPILE_FLAGS " ${_flags} ")
+			# mark sources as cotired to prevent them from being used in another cotired target
+			set_source_files_properties(${_sourceFiles} PROPERTIES COTIRE_TARGET "${_target}")
+		endif()
+		# make object files generated from source files depend on precompiled header
+		set_property (SOURCE ${_sourceFiles} APPEND PROPERTY OBJECT_DEPENDS "${_pchFile}")
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_setup_prefix_file_inclusion _language _target _prefixFile)
+	set (_sourceFiles ${ARGN})
+	# force the inclusion of the prefix header for the given source files
+	set (_flags "")
+	set (_pchFile "")
+	cotire_add_prefix_pch_inclusion_flags(
+		"${_language}" "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID}" "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_VERSION}"
+		"${_prefixFile}" "${_pchFile}" _flags)
+	set_property (SOURCE ${_sourceFiles} APPEND_STRING PROPERTY COMPILE_FLAGS " ${_flags} ")
+	# mark sources as cotired to prevent them from being used in another cotired target
+	set_source_files_properties(${_sourceFiles} PROPERTIES COTIRE_TARGET "${_target}")
+	# make object files generated from source files depend on prefix header
+	set_property (SOURCE ${_sourceFiles} APPEND PROPERTY OBJECT_DEPENDS "${_prefixFile}")
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_get_first_set_property_value _propertyValueVar _type _object)
+	set (_properties ${ARGN})
+	foreach (_property ${_properties})
+		get_property(_propertyValue ${_type} "${_object}" PROPERTY ${_property})
+		if (_propertyValue)
+			set (${_propertyValueVar} ${_propertyValue} PARENT_SCOPE)
+			return()
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	set (${_propertyValueVar} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_setup_combine_command _language _targetScript _joinedFile _cmdsVar)
+	set (_files ${ARGN})
+	set (_filesPaths "")
+	foreach (_file ${_files})
+		get_filename_component(_filePath "${_file}" ABSOLUTE)
+		list (APPEND _filesPaths "${_filePath}")
+	endforeach()
+	cotire_set_cmd_to_prologue(_prefixCmd)
+	list (APPEND _prefixCmd -P "${COTIRE_CMAKE_MODULE_FILE}" "combine")
+	if (_targetScript)
+		list (APPEND _prefixCmd "${_targetScript}")
+	endif()
+	list (APPEND _prefixCmd "${_joinedFile}" ${_filesPaths})
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+		message (STATUS "add_custom_command: OUTPUT ${_joinedFile} COMMAND ${_prefixCmd} DEPENDS ${_files}")
+	endif()
+	set_property (SOURCE "${_joinedFile}" PROPERTY GENERATED TRUE)
+	if (MSVC_IDE)
+		file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_joinedFile}" _joinedFileLogPath)
+	else()
+		file (RELATIVE_PATH _joinedFileLogPath "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" "${_joinedFile}")
+	endif()
+	get_filename_component(_joinedFileBaseName "${_joinedFile}" NAME_WE)
+	get_filename_component(_joinedFileExt "${_joinedFile}" EXT)
+	if (_language AND _joinedFileBaseName MATCHES "${COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_FILENAME_SUFFIX}$")
+		set (_comment "Generating ${_language} unity source ${_joinedFileLogPath}")
+	elseif (_language AND _joinedFileBaseName MATCHES "${COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_FILENAME_SUFFIX}$")
+		if (_joinedFileExt MATCHES "^\\.c")
+			set (_comment "Generating ${_language} prefix source ${_joinedFileLogPath}")
+		else()
+			set (_comment "Generating ${_language} prefix header ${_joinedFileLogPath}")
+		endif()
+	else()
+		set (_comment "Generating ${_joinedFileLogPath}")
+	endif()
+	add_custom_command(
+		OUTPUT "${_joinedFile}"
+		COMMAND ${_prefixCmd}
+		DEPENDS ${_files}
+		COMMENT "${_comment}"
+		WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}"
+		VERBATIM)
+	list (APPEND ${_cmdsVar} COMMAND ${_prefixCmd})
+	set (${_cmdsVar} ${${_cmdsVar}} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_setup_target_pch_usage _languages _target _wholeTarget)
+	if (XCODE)
+		# for Xcode, we attach a pre-build action to generate the unity sources and prefix headers
+		set (_prefixFiles "")
+		foreach (_language ${_languages})
+			get_property(_prefixFile TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_${_language}_PREFIX_HEADER)
+			if (_prefixFile)
+				list (APPEND _prefixFiles "${_prefixFile}")
+			endif()
+		endforeach()
+		set (_cmds ${ARGN})
+		list (LENGTH _prefixFiles _numberOfPrefixFiles)
+		if (_numberOfPrefixFiles GREATER 1)
+			# we also generate a generic, single prefix header which includes all language specific prefix headers
+			set (_language "")
+			set (_targetScript "")
+			cotire_make_prefix_file_path("${_language}" ${_target} _prefixHeader)
+			cotire_setup_combine_command("${_language}" "${_targetScript}" "${_prefixHeader}" _cmds ${_prefixFiles})
+		else()
+			set (_prefixHeader "${_prefixFiles}")
+		endif()
+		if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+			message (STATUS "add_custom_command: TARGET ${_target} PRE_BUILD ${_cmds}")
+		endif()
+		# because CMake PRE_BUILD command does not support dependencies,
+		# we check dependencies explicity in cotire script mode when the pre-build action is run
+		add_custom_command(
+			TARGET "${_target}"
+			PRE_BUILD ${_cmds}
+			WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}"
+			COMMENT "Updating target ${_target} prefix headers"
+			VERBATIM)
+		# make Xcode precompile the generated prefix header with ProcessPCH and ProcessPCH++
+		set_target_properties(${_target} PROPERTIES XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_GCC_PRECOMPILE_PREFIX_HEADER "YES")
+		set_target_properties(${_target} PROPERTIES XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_GCC_PREFIX_HEADER "${_prefixHeader}")
+	elseif ("${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" MATCHES "Make|Ninja")
+		# for makefile based generator, we force inclusion of the prefix header for all target source files
+		# if this is a single-language target without any excluded files
+		if (_wholeTarget)
+			set (_language "${_languages}")
+			# for Visual Studio and Intel, precompiled header inclusion is always done on the source file level
+			# see cotire_setup_pch_file_inclusion
+			if (NOT CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC|Intel")
+				get_property(_prefixFile TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_${_language}_PREFIX_HEADER)
+				if (_prefixFile)
+					get_property(_pchFile TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_${_language}_PRECOMPILED_HEADER)
+					set (_options COMPILE_OPTIONS)
+					cotire_add_prefix_pch_inclusion_flags(
+						"${_language}" "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID}" "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_VERSION}"
+						"${_prefixFile}" "${_pchFile}" _options)
+					set_property(TARGET ${_target} APPEND PROPERTY ${_options})
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_setup_unity_generation_commands _language _target _targetScript _targetConfigScript _unityFiles _cmdsVar)
+	set (_dependencySources "")
+	cotire_get_unity_source_dependencies(${_language} ${_target} _dependencySources ${ARGN})
+	foreach (_unityFile ${_unityFiles})
+		set_property (SOURCE "${_unityFile}" PROPERTY GENERATED TRUE)
+		# set up compiled unity source dependencies via OBJECT_DEPENDS
+		# this ensures that missing source files are generated before the unity file is compiled
+		if (COTIRE_DEBUG AND _dependencySources)
+			message (STATUS "${_unityFile} OBJECT_DEPENDS ${_dependencySources}")
+		endif()
+		if (_dependencySources)
+			# the OBJECT_DEPENDS property requires a list of full paths
+			set (_objectDependsPaths "")
+			foreach (_sourceFile ${_dependencySources})
+				get_source_file_property(_sourceLocation "${_sourceFile}" LOCATION)
+				list (APPEND _objectDependsPaths "${_sourceLocation}")
+			endforeach()
+			set_property (SOURCE "${_unityFile}" PROPERTY OBJECT_DEPENDS ${_objectDependsPaths})
+		endif()
+		if (WIN32 AND CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC|Intel")
+			# unity file compilation results in potentially huge object file, thus use /bigobj by default unter MSVC and Windows Intel
+			set_property (SOURCE "${_unityFile}" APPEND_STRING PROPERTY COMPILE_FLAGS "/bigobj")
+		endif()
+		cotire_set_cmd_to_prologue(_unityCmd)
+		list (APPEND _unityCmd -P "${COTIRE_CMAKE_MODULE_FILE}" "unity" "${_targetConfigScript}" "${_unityFile}")
+		if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "3.1.0")
+			set (_unityCmdDepends "${_targetScript}")
+		else()
+			# CMake 3.1.0 supports generator expressions in arguments to DEPENDS
+			set (_unityCmdDepends "${_targetConfigScript}")
+		endif()
+		if (MSVC_IDE)
+			file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_unityFile}" _unityFileLogPath)
+		else()
+			file (RELATIVE_PATH _unityFileLogPath "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" "${_unityFile}")
+		endif()
+		if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+			message (STATUS "add_custom_command: OUTPUT ${_unityFile} COMMAND ${_unityCmd} DEPENDS ${_unityCmdDepends}")
+		endif()
+		add_custom_command(
+			OUTPUT "${_unityFile}"
+			COMMAND ${_unityCmd}
+			DEPENDS ${_unityCmdDepends}
+			COMMENT "Generating ${_language} unity source ${_unityFileLogPath}"
+			WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}"
+			VERBATIM)
+		list (APPEND ${_cmdsVar} COMMAND ${_unityCmd})
+	endforeach()
+	set (${_cmdsVar} ${${_cmdsVar}} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_setup_prefix_generation_command _language _target _targetScript _prefixFile _unityFiles _cmdsVar)
+	set (_sourceFiles ${ARGN})
+	set (_dependencySources "")
+	cotire_get_prefix_header_dependencies(${_language} ${_target} _dependencySources ${_sourceFiles})
+	cotire_set_cmd_to_prologue(_prefixCmd)
+	list (APPEND _prefixCmd -P "${COTIRE_CMAKE_MODULE_FILE}" "prefix" "${_targetScript}" "${_prefixFile}" ${_unityFiles})
+	set_property (SOURCE "${_prefixFile}" PROPERTY GENERATED TRUE)
+	# make prefix header generation depend on the actual compiler executable used to force
+	# re-generation when the compiler executable is updated. This prevents "file not found"
+	# errors for compiler version specific system header files.
+	get_filename_component(_realCompilerExe "${CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER}" ABSOLUTE)
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+		message (STATUS "add_custom_command: OUTPUT ${_prefixFile} COMMAND ${_prefixCmd} DEPENDS ${_unityFile} ${_dependencySources} ${_realCompilerExe}")
+	endif()
+	if (MSVC_IDE)
+		file (TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_prefixFile}" _prefixFileLogPath)
+	else()
+		file (RELATIVE_PATH _prefixFileLogPath "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" "${_prefixFile}")
+	endif()
+	get_filename_component(_prefixFileExt "${_prefixFile}" EXT)
+	if (_prefixFileExt MATCHES "^\\.c")
+		set (_comment "Generating ${_language} prefix source ${_prefixFileLogPath}")
+	else()
+		set (_comment "Generating ${_language} prefix header ${_prefixFileLogPath}")
+	endif()
+	# prevent pre-processing errors upon generating the prefix header when a target's generated include file does not yet exist
+	# we do not add a file-level dependency for the target's generated files though, because we only want to depend on their existence
+	# thus we make the prefix header generation depend on a custom helper target which triggers the generation of the files
+	set (_preTargetName "${_target}${COTIRE_PCH_TARGET_SUFFIX}_pre")
+	if (TARGET ${_preTargetName})
+		# custom helper target has already been generated while processing a different language
+		list (APPEND _dependencySources ${_preTargetName})
+	else()
+		get_target_property(_targetSourceFiles ${_target} SOURCES)
+		cotire_get_objects_with_property_on(_generatedSources GENERATED SOURCE ${_targetSourceFiles})
+		if (_generatedSources)
+			add_custom_target("${_preTargetName}" DEPENDS ${_generatedSources})
+			cotire_init_target("${_preTargetName}")
+			list (APPEND _dependencySources ${_preTargetName})
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	add_custom_command(
+		OUTPUT "${_prefixFile}" "${_prefixFile}.log"
+		COMMAND ${_prefixCmd}
+		DEPENDS ${_unityFiles} ${_dependencySources} "${_realCompilerExe}"
+		COMMENT "${_comment}"
+		WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}"
+		VERBATIM)
+	list (APPEND ${_cmdsVar} COMMAND ${_prefixCmd})
+	set (${_cmdsVar} ${${_cmdsVar}} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_setup_prefix_generation_from_unity_command _language _target _targetScript _prefixFile _unityFiles _cmdsVar)
+	set (_sourceFiles ${ARGN})
+	if (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU|Clang")
+		# GNU and Clang require indirect compilation of the prefix header to make them honor the system_header pragma
+		cotire_prefix_header_to_source_file_path(${_language} "${_prefixFile}" _prefixSourceFile)
+	else()
+		set (_prefixSourceFile "${_prefixFile}")
+	endif()
+	cotire_setup_prefix_generation_command(
+		${_language} ${_target} "${_targetScript}"
+		"${_prefixSourceFile}" "${_unityFiles}" ${_cmdsVar} ${_sourceFiles})
+	if (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU|Clang")
+		# set up generation of a prefix source file which includes the prefix header
+		cotire_setup_combine_command(${_language} "${_targetScript}" "${_prefixFile}" _cmds ${_prefixSourceFile})
+	endif()
+	set (${_cmdsVar} ${${_cmdsVar}} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_setup_prefix_generation_from_provided_command _language _target _targetScript _prefixFile _cmdsVar)
+	set (_prefixHeaderFiles ${ARGN})
+	if (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU|Clang")
+		# GNU and Clang require indirect compilation of the prefix header to make them honor the system_header pragma
+		cotire_prefix_header_to_source_file_path(${_language} "${_prefixFile}" _prefixSourceFile)
+	else()
+		set (_prefixSourceFile "${_prefixFile}")
+	endif()
+	cotire_setup_combine_command(${_language} "${_targetScript}" "${_prefixSourceFile}" _cmds ${_prefixHeaderFiles})
+	if (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU|Clang")
+		# set up generation of a prefix source file which includes the prefix header
+		cotire_setup_combine_command(${_language} "${_targetScript}" "${_prefixFile}" _cmds ${_prefixSourceFile})
+	endif()
+	set (${_cmdsVar} ${${_cmdsVar}} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_init_cotire_target_properties _target)
+	get_property(_isSet TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER SET)
+	if (NOT _isSet)
+		set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER TRUE)
+	endif()
+	get_property(_isSet TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_ADD_UNITY_BUILD SET)
+	if (NOT _isSet)
+		set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_ADD_UNITY_BUILD TRUE)
+	endif()
+	get_property(_isSet TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_ADD_CLEAN SET)
+	if (NOT _isSet)
+		set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_ADD_CLEAN FALSE)
+	endif()
+	get_property(_isSet TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_IGNORE_PATH SET)
+	if (NOT _isSet)
+		set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_IGNORE_PATH "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+		cotire_check_is_path_relative_to("${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" _isRelative "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+		if (NOT _isRelative)
+			set_property(TARGET ${_target} APPEND PROPERTY COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_IGNORE_PATH "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	get_property(_isSet TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_INCLUDE_PATH SET)
+	if (NOT _isSet)
+		set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_INCLUDE_PATH "")
+	endif()
+	get_property(_isSet TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH SET)
+	if (NOT _isSet)
+		set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH "")
+	endif()
+	get_property(_isSet TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_PRE_UNDEFS SET)
+	if (NOT _isSet)
+		set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_PRE_UNDEFS "")
+	endif()
+	get_property(_isSet TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_POST_UNDEFS SET)
+	if (NOT _isSet)
+		set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_POST_UNDEFS "")
+	endif()
+	get_property(_isSet TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_UNITY_LINK_LIBRARIES_INIT SET)
+	if (NOT _isSet)
+		set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_UNITY_LINK_LIBRARIES_INIT "COPY_UNITY")
+	endif()
+	get_property(_isSet TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_INCLUDES SET)
+	if (NOT _isSet)
+		if (COTIRE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_UNITY_INCLUDES)
+			set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_INCLUDES "${COTIRE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_UNITY_INCLUDES}")
+		else()
+			set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_INCLUDES "")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_make_target_message _target _languages _disableMsg _targetMsgVar)
+	get_target_property(_targetUsePCH ${_target} COTIRE_ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER)
+	get_target_property(_targetAddSCU ${_target} COTIRE_ADD_UNITY_BUILD)
+	string (REPLACE ";" " " _languagesStr "${_languages}")
+	math (EXPR _numberOfExcludedFiles "${ARGC} - 4")
+	if (_numberOfExcludedFiles EQUAL 0)
+		set (_excludedStr "")
+	elseif (COTIRE_VERBOSE OR _numberOfExcludedFiles LESS 4)
+		string (REPLACE ";" ", " _excludedStr "excluding ${ARGN}")
+	else()
+		set (_excludedStr "excluding ${_numberOfExcludedFiles} files")
+	endif()
+	set (_targetMsg "")
+	if (NOT _languages)
+		set (_targetMsg "Target ${_target} cannot be cotired.")
+		if (_disableMsg)
+			set (_targetMsg "${_targetMsg} ${_disableMsg}")
+		endif()
+	elseif (NOT _targetUsePCH AND NOT _targetAddSCU)
+		set (_targetMsg "${_languagesStr} target ${_target} cotired without unity build and precompiled header.")
+		if (_disableMsg)
+			set (_targetMsg "${_targetMsg} ${_disableMsg}")
+		endif()
+	elseif (NOT _targetUsePCH)
+		if (_excludedStr)
+			set (_targetMsg "${_languagesStr} target ${_target} cotired without precompiled header ${_excludedStr}.")
+		else()
+			set (_targetMsg "${_languagesStr} target ${_target} cotired without precompiled header.")
+		endif()
+		if (_disableMsg)
+			set (_targetMsg "${_targetMsg} ${_disableMsg}")
+		endif()
+	elseif (NOT _targetAddSCU)
+		if (_excludedStr)
+			set (_targetMsg "${_languagesStr} target ${_target} cotired without unity build ${_excludedStr}.")
+		else()
+			set (_targetMsg "${_languagesStr} target ${_target} cotired without unity build.")
+		endif()
+	else()
+		if (_excludedStr)
+			set (_targetMsg "${_languagesStr} target ${_target} cotired ${_excludedStr}.")
+		else()
+			set (_targetMsg "${_languagesStr} target ${_target} cotired.")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set (${_targetMsgVar} "${_targetMsg}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_choose_target_languages _target _targetLanguagesVar _wholeTargetVar)
+	set (_languages ${ARGN})
+	set (_allSourceFiles "")
+	set (_allExcludedSourceFiles "")
+	set (_allCotiredSourceFiles "")
+	set (_targetLanguages "")
+	set (_pchEligibleTargetLanguages "")
+	get_target_property(_targetType ${_target} TYPE)
+	get_target_property(_targetSourceFiles ${_target} SOURCES)
+	get_target_property(_targetUsePCH ${_target} COTIRE_ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER)
+	get_target_property(_targetAddSCU ${_target} COTIRE_ADD_UNITY_BUILD)
+	set (_disableMsg "")
+	foreach (_language ${_languages})
+		get_target_property(_prefixHeader ${_target} COTIRE_${_language}_PREFIX_HEADER)
+		get_target_property(_unityBuildFile ${_target} COTIRE_${_language}_UNITY_SOURCE)
+		if (_prefixHeader OR _unityBuildFile)
+			message (STATUS "cotire: target ${_target} has already been cotired.")
+			set (${_targetLanguagesVar} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+			return()
+		endif()
+		if (_targetUsePCH AND "${_language}" MATCHES "^C|CXX$" AND DEFINED CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID)
+			if (CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID)
+				cotire_check_precompiled_header_support("${_language}" "${_target}" _disableMsg)
+				if (_disableMsg)
+					set (_targetUsePCH FALSE)
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		endif()
+		set (_sourceFiles "")
+		set (_excludedSources "")
+		set (_cotiredSources "")
+		cotire_filter_language_source_files(${_language} ${_target} _sourceFiles _excludedSources _cotiredSources ${_targetSourceFiles})
+		if (_sourceFiles OR _excludedSources OR _cotiredSources)
+			list (APPEND _targetLanguages ${_language})
+		endif()
+		if (_sourceFiles)
+			list (APPEND _allSourceFiles ${_sourceFiles})
+		endif()
+		list (LENGTH _sourceFiles _numberOfSources)
+		if (NOT _numberOfSources LESS ${COTIRE_MINIMUM_NUMBER_OF_TARGET_SOURCES})
+			list (APPEND _pchEligibleTargetLanguages ${_language})
+		endif()
+		if (_excludedSources)
+			list (APPEND _allExcludedSourceFiles ${_excludedSources})
+		endif()
+		if (_cotiredSources)
+			list (APPEND _allCotiredSourceFiles ${_cotiredSources})
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	set (_targetMsgLevel STATUS)
+	if (NOT _targetLanguages)
+		string (REPLACE ";" " or " _languagesStr "${_languages}")
+		set (_disableMsg "No ${_languagesStr} source files.")
+		set (_targetUsePCH FALSE)
+		set (_targetAddSCU FALSE)
+	endif()
+	if (_targetUsePCH)
+		if (_allCotiredSourceFiles)
+			cotire_get_source_file_property_values(_cotireTargets COTIRE_TARGET ${_allCotiredSourceFiles})
+			list (REMOVE_DUPLICATES _cotireTargets)
+			string (REPLACE ";" ", " _cotireTargetsStr "${_cotireTargets}")
+			set (_disableMsg "Target sources already include a precompiled header for target(s) ${_cotireTargets}.")
+			set (_disableMsg "${_disableMsg} Set target property COTIRE_ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER to FALSE for targets ${_target},")
+			set (_disableMsg "${_disableMsg} ${_cotireTargetsStr} to get a workable build system.")
+			set (_targetMsgLevel SEND_ERROR)
+			set (_targetUsePCH FALSE)
+		elseif (NOT _pchEligibleTargetLanguages)
+			set (_disableMsg "Too few applicable sources.")
+			set (_targetUsePCH FALSE)
+		elseif (XCODE AND _allExcludedSourceFiles)
+			# for Xcode, we cannot apply the precompiled header to individual sources, only to the whole target
+			set (_disableMsg "Exclusion of source files not supported for generator Xcode.")
+			set (_targetUsePCH FALSE)
+		elseif (XCODE AND "${_targetType}" STREQUAL "OBJECT_LIBRARY")
+			# for Xcode, we cannot apply the required PRE_BUILD action to generate the prefix header to an OBJECT_LIBRARY target
+			set (_disableMsg "Required PRE_BUILD action not supported for OBJECT_LIBRARY targets for generator Xcode.")
+			set (_targetUsePCH FALSE)
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER ${_targetUsePCH})
+	set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_ADD_UNITY_BUILD ${_targetAddSCU})
+	cotire_make_target_message(${_target} "${_targetLanguages}" "${_disableMsg}" _targetMsg ${_allExcludedSourceFiles})
+	if (_targetMsg)
+		if (NOT DEFINED COTIREMSG_${_target})
+			set (COTIREMSG_${_target} "")
+		endif()
+		if (COTIRE_VERBOSE OR NOT "${_targetMsgLevel}" STREQUAL "STATUS" OR
+			NOT "${COTIREMSG_${_target}}" STREQUAL "${_targetMsg}")
+			# cache message to avoid redundant messages on re-configure
+			set (COTIREMSG_${_target} "${_targetMsg}" CACHE INTERNAL "${_target} cotire message.")
+			message (${_targetMsgLevel} "${_targetMsg}")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	list (LENGTH _targetLanguages _numberOfLanguages)
+	if (_numberOfLanguages GREATER 1 OR _allExcludedSourceFiles)
+		set (${_wholeTargetVar} FALSE PARENT_SCOPE)
+	else()
+		set (${_wholeTargetVar} TRUE PARENT_SCOPE)
+	endif()
+	set (${_targetLanguagesVar} ${_targetLanguages} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_compute_unity_max_number_of_includes _target _maxIncludesVar)
+	set (_sourceFiles ${ARGN})
+	get_target_property(_maxIncludes ${_target} COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_INCLUDES)
+	if (_maxIncludes MATCHES "(-j|--parallel|--jobs) ?([0-9]*)")
+		set (_numberOfThreads "${CMAKE_MATCH_2}")
+		if (NOT _numberOfThreads)
+			# use all available cores
+			ProcessorCount(_numberOfThreads)
+		endif()
+		list (LENGTH _sourceFiles _numberOfSources)
+		math (EXPR _maxIncludes "(${_numberOfSources} + ${_numberOfThreads} - 1) / ${_numberOfThreads}")
+	elseif (NOT _maxIncludes MATCHES "[0-9]+")
+		set (_maxIncludes 0)
+	endif()
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+		message (STATUS "${_target} unity source max includes: ${_maxIncludes}")
+	endif()
+	set (${_maxIncludesVar} ${_maxIncludes} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_process_target_language _language _configurations _target _wholeTarget _cmdsVar)
+	set (${_cmdsVar} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+	get_target_property(_targetSourceFiles ${_target} SOURCES)
+	set (_sourceFiles "")
+	set (_excludedSources "")
+	set (_cotiredSources "")
+	cotire_filter_language_source_files(${_language} ${_target} _sourceFiles _excludedSources _cotiredSources ${_targetSourceFiles})
+	if (NOT _sourceFiles AND NOT _cotiredSources)
+		return()
+	endif()
+	set (_cmds "")
+	# check for user provided unity source file list
+	get_property(_unitySourceFiles TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_${_language}_UNITY_SOURCE_INIT)
+	if (NOT _unitySourceFiles)
+		set (_unitySourceFiles ${_sourceFiles} ${_cotiredSources})
+	endif()
+	cotire_generate_target_script(
+		${_language} "${_configurations}" ${_target} _targetScript _targetConfigScript ${_unitySourceFiles})
+	# set up unity files for parallel compilation
+	cotire_compute_unity_max_number_of_includes(${_target} _maxIncludes ${_unitySourceFiles})
+	cotire_make_unity_source_file_paths(${_language} ${_target} ${_maxIncludes} _unityFiles ${_unitySourceFiles})
+	list (LENGTH _unityFiles _numberOfUnityFiles)
+	if (_numberOfUnityFiles EQUAL 0)
+		return()
+	elseif (_numberOfUnityFiles GREATER 1)
+		cotire_setup_unity_generation_commands(
+			${_language} ${_target} "${_targetScript}" "${_targetConfigScript}" "${_unityFiles}" _cmds ${_unitySourceFiles})
+	endif()
+	# set up single unity file for prefix header generation
+	cotire_make_single_unity_source_file_path(${_language} ${_target} _unityFile)
+	cotire_setup_unity_generation_commands(
+		${_language} ${_target} "${_targetScript}" "${_targetConfigScript}" "${_unityFile}" _cmds ${_unitySourceFiles})
+	cotire_make_prefix_file_path(${_language} ${_target} _prefixFile)
+	# set up prefix header
+	if (_prefixFile)
+		# check for user provided prefix header files
+		get_property(_prefixHeaderFiles TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_${_language}_PREFIX_HEADER_INIT)
+		if (_prefixHeaderFiles)
+			cotire_setup_prefix_generation_from_provided_command(
+				${_language} ${_target} "${_targetConfigScript}" "${_prefixFile}" _cmds ${_prefixHeaderFiles})
+		else()
+			cotire_setup_prefix_generation_from_unity_command(
+				${_language} ${_target} "${_targetConfigScript}" "${_prefixFile}" "${_unityFile}" _cmds ${_unitySourceFiles})
+		endif()
+		# check if selected language has enough sources at all
+		list (LENGTH _sourceFiles _numberOfSources)
+		if (_numberOfSources LESS ${COTIRE_MINIMUM_NUMBER_OF_TARGET_SOURCES})
+			set (_targetUsePCH FALSE)
+		else()
+			get_target_property(_targetUsePCH ${_target} COTIRE_ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER)
+		endif()
+		if (_targetUsePCH)
+			cotire_make_pch_file_path(${_language} ${_target} _pchFile)
+			if (_pchFile)
+				# first file in _sourceFiles is passed as the host file
+				cotire_setup_pch_file_compilation(
+					${_language} ${_target} "${_targetConfigScript}" "${_prefixFile}" "${_pchFile}" ${_sourceFiles})
+				cotire_setup_pch_file_inclusion(
+					${_language} ${_target} ${_wholeTarget} "${_prefixFile}" "${_pchFile}" ${_sourceFiles})
+			endif()
+		elseif (_prefixHeaderFiles)
+			# user provided prefix header must be included unconditionally
+			cotire_setup_prefix_file_inclusion(${_language} ${_target} "${_prefixFile}" ${_sourceFiles})
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	# mark target as cotired for language
+	set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_${_language}_UNITY_SOURCE "${_unityFiles}")
+	if (_prefixFile)
+		set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_${_language}_PREFIX_HEADER "${_prefixFile}")
+		if (_targetUsePCH AND _pchFile)
+			set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_${_language}_PRECOMPILED_HEADER "${_pchFile}")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set (${_cmdsVar} ${_cmds} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_setup_clean_target _target)
+	set (_cleanTargetName "${_target}${COTIRE_CLEAN_TARGET_SUFFIX}")
+	if (NOT TARGET "${_cleanTargetName}")
+		cotire_set_cmd_to_prologue(_cmds)
+		get_filename_component(_outputDir "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_CFG_INTDIR}" ABSOLUTE)
+		list (APPEND _cmds -P "${COTIRE_CMAKE_MODULE_FILE}" "cleanup" "${_outputDir}" "${COTIRE_INTDIR}" "${_target}")
+		add_custom_target(${_cleanTargetName}
+			COMMAND ${_cmds}
+			WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}"
+			COMMENT "Cleaning up target ${_target} cotire generated files"
+			VERBATIM)
+		cotire_init_target("${_cleanTargetName}")
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_setup_pch_target _languages _configurations _target)
+	if ("${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" MATCHES "Make|Ninja")
+		# for makefile based generators, we add a custom target to trigger the generation of the cotire related files
+		set (_dependsFiles "")
+		foreach (_language ${_languages})
+			set (_props COTIRE_${_language}_PREFIX_HEADER COTIRE_${_language}_UNITY_SOURCE)
+			if (NOT CMAKE_${_language}_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC|Intel")
+				# Visual Studio and Intel only create precompiled header as a side effect
+				list (INSERT _props 0 COTIRE_${_language}_PRECOMPILED_HEADER)
+			endif()
+			cotire_get_first_set_property_value(_dependsFile TARGET ${_target} ${_props})
+			if (_dependsFile)
+				list (APPEND _dependsFiles "${_dependsFile}")
+			endif()
+		endforeach()
+		if (_dependsFiles)
+			set (_pchTargetName "${_target}${COTIRE_PCH_TARGET_SUFFIX}")
+			add_custom_target("${_pchTargetName}" DEPENDS ${_dependsFiles})
+			cotire_init_target("${_pchTargetName}")
+			cotire_add_to_pch_all_target(${_pchTargetName})
+		endif()
+	else()
+		# for other generators, we add the "clean all" target to clean up the precompiled header
+		cotire_setup_clean_all_target()
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_filter_object_libraries _target _objectLibrariesVar)
+	set (_objectLibraries "")
+	foreach (_source ${ARGN})
+		if (_source MATCHES "^\\$<TARGET_OBJECTS:.+>$")
+			list (APPEND _objectLibraries "${_source}")
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	set (${_objectLibrariesVar} ${_objectLibraries} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_collect_unity_target_sources _target _languages _unityTargetSourcesVar)
+	get_target_property(_targetSourceFiles ${_target} SOURCES)
+	set (_unityTargetSources ${_targetSourceFiles})
+	foreach (_language ${_languages})
+		get_property(_unityFiles TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_${_language}_UNITY_SOURCE)
+		if (_unityFiles)
+			# remove source files that are included in the unity source
+			set (_sourceFiles "")
+			set (_excludedSources "")
+			set (_cotiredSources "")
+			cotire_filter_language_source_files(${_language} ${_target} _sourceFiles _excludedSources _cotiredSources ${_targetSourceFiles})
+			if (_sourceFiles OR _cotiredSources)
+				list (REMOVE_ITEM _unityTargetSources ${_sourceFiles} ${_cotiredSources})
+			endif()
+			# add unity source files instead
+			list (APPEND _unityTargetSources ${_unityFiles})
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	get_target_property(_linkLibrariesStrategy ${_target} COTIRE_UNITY_LINK_LIBRARIES_INIT)
+	if ("${_linkLibrariesStrategy}" MATCHES "^COPY_UNITY$")
+		cotire_filter_object_libraries(${_target} _objectLibraries ${_targetSourceFiles})
+		if (_objectLibraries)
+			cotire_map_libraries("${_linkLibrariesStrategy}" _unityObjectLibraries ${_objectLibraries})
+			list (REMOVE_ITEM _unityTargetSources ${_objectLibraries})
+			list (APPEND _unityTargetSources ${_unityObjectLibraries})
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set (${_unityTargetSourcesVar} ${_unityTargetSources} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_setup_unity_target_pch_usage _languages _target)
+	foreach (_language ${_languages})
+		get_property(_unityFiles TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_${_language}_UNITY_SOURCE)
+		if (_unityFiles)
+			get_property(_userPrefixFile TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_${_language}_PREFIX_HEADER_INIT)
+			get_property(_prefixFile TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_${_language}_PREFIX_HEADER)
+			if (_userPrefixFile AND _prefixFile)
+				# user provided prefix header must be included unconditionally by unity sources
+				cotire_setup_prefix_file_inclusion(${_language} ${_target} "${_prefixFile}" ${_unityFiles})
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_setup_unity_build_target _languages _configurations _target)
+	get_target_property(_unityTargetName ${_target} COTIRE_UNITY_TARGET_NAME)
+	if (NOT _unityTargetName)
+		set (_unityTargetName "${_target}${COTIRE_UNITY_BUILD_TARGET_SUFFIX}")
+	endif()
+	# determine unity target sub type
+	get_target_property(_targetType ${_target} TYPE)
+	if ("${_targetType}" STREQUAL "EXECUTABLE")
+		set (_unityTargetSubType "")
+	elseif (_targetType MATCHES "(STATIC|SHARED|MODULE|OBJECT)_LIBRARY")
+		set (_unityTargetSubType "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
+	else()
+		message (WARNING "cotire: target ${_target} has unknown target type ${_targetType}.")
+		return()
+	endif()
+	# determine unity target sources
+	set (_unityTargetSources "")
+	cotire_collect_unity_target_sources(${_target} "${_languages}" _unityTargetSources)
+	# handle automatic Qt processing
+	get_target_property(_targetAutoMoc ${_target} AUTOMOC)
+	get_target_property(_targetAutoUic ${_target} AUTOUIC)
+	get_target_property(_targetAutoRcc ${_target} AUTORCC)
+	if (_targetAutoMoc OR _targetAutoUic OR _targetAutoRcc)
+		# if the original target sources are subject to CMake's automatic Qt processing,
+		# also include implicitly generated <targetname>_automoc.cpp file
+		list (APPEND _unityTargetSources "${_target}_automoc.cpp")
+		set_property (SOURCE "${_target}_automoc.cpp" PROPERTY GENERATED TRUE)
+	endif()
+	# prevent AUTOMOC, AUTOUIC and AUTORCC properties from being set when the unity target is created
+	set (CMAKE_AUTOMOC OFF)
+	set (CMAKE_AUTOUIC OFF)
+	set (CMAKE_AUTORCC OFF)
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+		message (STATUS "add target ${_targetType} ${_unityTargetName} ${_unityTargetSubType} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL ${_unityTargetSources}")
+	endif()
+	# generate unity target
+	if ("${_targetType}" STREQUAL "EXECUTABLE")
+		add_executable(${_unityTargetName} ${_unityTargetSubType} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL ${_unityTargetSources})
+	else()
+		add_library(${_unityTargetName} ${_unityTargetSubType} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL ${_unityTargetSources})
+	endif()
+	if ("${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" MATCHES "Visual Studio")
+		# depend on original target's automoc target, if it exists
+		if (TARGET ${_target}_automoc)
+			add_dependencies(${_unityTargetName} ${_target}_automoc)
+		endif()
+	else()
+		if (_targetAutoMoc OR _targetAutoUic OR _targetAutoRcc)
+			# depend on the original target's implicity generated <targetname>_automoc target
+			add_dependencies(${_unityTargetName} ${_target}_automoc)
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	# copy output location properties
+	set (_outputDirProperties
+		ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_<CONFIG>
+		LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_<CONFIG>
+		RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_<CONFIG>)
+	if (COTIRE_UNITY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)
+		set (_setDefaultOutputDir TRUE)
+		if (IS_ABSOLUTE "${COTIRE_UNITY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}")
+			set (_outputDir "${COTIRE_UNITY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}")
+		else()
+			# append relative COTIRE_UNITY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY to target's actual output directory
+			cotire_copy_set_properites("${_configurations}" TARGET ${_target} ${_unityTargetName} ${_outputDirProperties})
+			cotire_resolve_config_properites("${_configurations}" _properties ${_outputDirProperties})
+			foreach (_property ${_properties})
+				get_property(_outputDir TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY ${_property})
+				if (_outputDir)
+					get_filename_component(_outputDir "${_outputDir}/${COTIRE_UNITY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}" ABSOLUTE)
+					set_property(TARGET ${_unityTargetName} PROPERTY ${_property} "${_outputDir}")
+					set (_setDefaultOutputDir FALSE)
+				endif()
+			endforeach()
+			if (_setDefaultOutputDir)
+				get_filename_component(_outputDir "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${COTIRE_UNITY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}" ABSOLUTE)
+			endif()
+		endif()
+		if (_setDefaultOutputDir)
+			set_target_properties(${_unityTargetName} PROPERTIES
+				ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${_outputDir}"
+				LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${_outputDir}"
+				RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${_outputDir}")
+		endif()
+	else()
+		cotire_copy_set_properites("${_configurations}" TARGET ${_target} ${_unityTargetName}
+			${_outputDirProperties})
+	endif()
+	# copy output name
+	cotire_copy_set_properites("${_configurations}" TARGET ${_target} ${_unityTargetName}
+		ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_NAME ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_NAME_<CONFIG>
+		LIBRARY_OUTPUT_NAME LIBRARY_OUTPUT_NAME_<CONFIG>
+		OUTPUT_NAME OUTPUT_NAME_<CONFIG>
+		RUNTIME_OUTPUT_NAME RUNTIME_OUTPUT_NAME_<CONFIG>
+		PREFIX <CONFIG>_POSTFIX SUFFIX
+		IMPORT_PREFIX IMPORT_SUFFIX)
+	# copy compile stuff
+	cotire_copy_set_properites("${_configurations}" TARGET ${_target} ${_unityTargetName}
+		COMPILE_DEFINITIONS COMPILE_DEFINITIONS_<CONFIG>
+		COMPILE_FLAGS COMPILE_OPTIONS
+		Fortran_FORMAT Fortran_MODULE_DIRECTORY
+		INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
+		INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION_<CONFIG>
+		POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE
+		C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER
+		C_INCLUDE_WHAT_YOU_USE CXX_INCLUDE_WHAT_YOU_USE
+		C_VISIBILITY_PRESET CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN
+		C_CLANG_TIDY CXX_CLANG_TIDY)
+	# copy compile features
+	cotire_copy_set_properites("${_configurations}" TARGET ${_target} ${_unityTargetName}
+		C_EXTENSIONS C_STANDARD C_STANDARD_REQUIRED
+		CXX_EXTENSIONS CXX_STANDARD CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED
+		COMPILE_FEATURES)
+	# copy interface stuff
+	cotire_copy_set_properites("${_configurations}" TARGET ${_target} ${_unityTargetName}
+		COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_BOOL COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_NUMBER_MAX COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_NUMBER_MIN
+		COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_STRING
+		INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS INTERFACE_COMPILE_FEATURES INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS
+		INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES INTERFACE_SOURCES
+		INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE INTERFACE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
+		INTERFACE_AUTOUIC_OPTIONS NO_SYSTEM_FROM_IMPORTED)
+	# copy link stuff
+	cotire_copy_set_properites("${_configurations}" TARGET ${_target} ${_unityTargetName}
+		BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH INSTALL_RPATH INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH SKIP_BUILD_RPATH
+		LINKER_LANGUAGE LINK_DEPENDS LINK_DEPENDS_NO_SHARED
+		LINK_FLAGS LINK_FLAGS_<CONFIG>
+		LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES_<CONFIG>
+		LINK_INTERFACE_MULTIPLICITY LINK_INTERFACE_MULTIPLICITY_<CONFIG>
+		LINK_SEARCH_START_STATIC LINK_SEARCH_END_STATIC
+		STATIC_LIBRARY_FLAGS STATIC_LIBRARY_FLAGS_<CONFIG>
+		NO_SONAME SOVERSION VERSION
+		LINK_WHAT_YOU_USE)
+	# copy cmake stuff
+	cotire_copy_set_properites("${_configurations}" TARGET ${_target} ${_unityTargetName}
+		IMPLICIT_DEPENDS_INCLUDE_TRANSFORM RULE_LAUNCH_COMPILE RULE_LAUNCH_CUSTOM RULE_LAUNCH_LINK)
+	# copy Apple platform specific stuff
+	cotire_copy_set_properites("${_configurations}" TARGET ${_target} ${_unityTargetName}
+		BUNDLE BUNDLE_EXTENSION FRAMEWORK FRAMEWORK_VERSION INSTALL_NAME_DIR
+		MACOSX_BUNDLE MACOSX_BUNDLE_INFO_PLIST MACOSX_FRAMEWORK_INFO_PLIST MACOSX_RPATH
+		OSX_ARCHITECTURES OSX_ARCHITECTURES_<CONFIG> PRIVATE_HEADER PUBLIC_HEADER RESOURCE XCTEST
+		IOS_INSTALL_COMBINED)
+	# copy Windows platform specific stuff
+	cotire_copy_set_properites("${_configurations}" TARGET ${_target} ${_unityTargetName}
+		GNUtoMS
+		COMPILE_PDB_NAME COMPILE_PDB_NAME_<CONFIG>
+		COMPILE_PDB_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY COMPILE_PDB_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_<CONFIG>
+		PDB_NAME PDB_NAME_<CONFIG> PDB_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY PDB_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_<CONFIG>
+		VS_DESKTOP_EXTENSIONS_VERSION VS_DOTNET_REFERENCES VS_DOTNET_TARGET_FRAMEWORK_VERSION
+		VS_GLOBAL_KEYWORD VS_GLOBAL_PROJECT_TYPES VS_GLOBAL_ROOTNAMESPACE
+		VS_IOT_EXTENSIONS_VERSION VS_IOT_STARTUP_TASK
+		VS_KEYWORD VS_MOBILE_EXTENSIONS_VERSION
+		VS_SCC_AUXPATH VS_SCC_LOCALPATH VS_SCC_PROJECTNAME VS_SCC_PROVIDER
+		VS_WINDOWS_TARGET_PLATFORM_MIN_VERSION
+		VS_WINRT_COMPONENT VS_WINRT_EXTENSIONS VS_WINRT_REFERENCES
+		WIN32_EXECUTABLE WINDOWS_EXPORT_ALL_SYMBOLS
+		DEPLOYMENT_REMOTE_DIRECTORY VS_CONFIGURATION_TYPE
+		VS_SDK_REFERENCES)
+	# copy Android platform specific stuff
+	cotire_copy_set_properites("${_configurations}" TARGET ${_target} ${_unityTargetName}
+		ANDROID_API ANDROID_API_MIN ANDROID_GUI
+		ANDROID_ANT_ADDITIONAL_OPTIONS ANDROID_ARCH ANDROID_ASSETS_DIRECTORIES
+		ANDROID_JAR_DEPENDENCIES ANDROID_JAR_DIRECTORIES ANDROID_JAVA_SOURCE_DIR
+		ANDROID_NATIVE_LIB_DEPENDENCIES ANDROID_NATIVE_LIB_DIRECTORIES
+		ANDROID_PROCESS_MAX ANDROID_PROGUARD ANDROID_PROGUARD_CONFIG_PATH
+		ANDROID_SECURE_PROPS_PATH ANDROID_SKIP_ANT_STEP ANDROID_STL_TYPE)
+	# use output name from original target
+	get_target_property(_targetOutputName ${_unityTargetName} OUTPUT_NAME)
+	if (NOT _targetOutputName)
+		set_property(TARGET ${_unityTargetName} PROPERTY OUTPUT_NAME "${_target}")
+	endif()
+	# use export symbol from original target
+	cotire_get_target_export_symbol("${_target}" _defineSymbol)
+	if (_defineSymbol)
+		set_property(TARGET ${_unityTargetName} PROPERTY DEFINE_SYMBOL "${_defineSymbol}")
+		if ("${_targetType}" STREQUAL "EXECUTABLE")
+			set_property(TARGET ${_unityTargetName} PROPERTY ENABLE_EXPORTS TRUE)
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	cotire_init_target(${_unityTargetName})
+	cotire_add_to_unity_all_target(${_unityTargetName})
+	set_property(TARGET ${_target} PROPERTY COTIRE_UNITY_TARGET_NAME "${_unityTargetName}")
+endfunction(cotire_setup_unity_build_target)
+
+function (cotire_target _target)
+	set(_options "")
+	set(_oneValueArgs "")
+	set(_multiValueArgs LANGUAGES CONFIGURATIONS)
+	cmake_parse_arguments(_option "${_options}" "${_oneValueArgs}" "${_multiValueArgs}" ${ARGN})
+	if (NOT _option_LANGUAGES)
+		get_property (_option_LANGUAGES GLOBAL PROPERTY ENABLED_LANGUAGES)
+	endif()
+	if (NOT _option_CONFIGURATIONS)
+		cotire_get_configuration_types(_option_CONFIGURATIONS)
+	endif()
+	# check if cotire can be applied to target at all
+	cotire_is_target_supported(${_target} _isSupported)
+	if (NOT _isSupported)
+		get_target_property(_imported ${_target} IMPORTED)
+		get_target_property(_targetType ${_target} TYPE)
+		if (_imported)
+			message (WARNING "cotire: imported ${_targetType} target ${_target} cannot be cotired.")
+		else()
+			message (STATUS "cotire: ${_targetType} target ${_target} cannot be cotired.")
+		endif()
+		return()
+	endif()
+	# resolve alias
+	get_target_property(_aliasName ${_target} ALIASED_TARGET)
+	if (_aliasName)
+		if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+			message (STATUS "${_target} is an alias. Applying cotire to aliased target ${_aliasName} instead.")
+		endif()
+		set (_target ${_aliasName})
+	endif()
+	# check if target needs to be cotired for build type
+	# when using configuration types, the test is performed at build time
+	cotire_init_cotire_target_properties(${_target})
+	if (NOT CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES)
+		if (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+			list (FIND _option_CONFIGURATIONS "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" _index)
+		else()
+			list (FIND _option_CONFIGURATIONS "None" _index)
+		endif()
+		if (_index EQUAL -1)
+			if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+				message (STATUS "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} not cotired (${_option_CONFIGURATIONS})")
+			endif()
+			return()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	# when not using configuration types, immediately create cotire intermediate dir
+	if (NOT CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES)
+		cotire_get_intermediate_dir(_baseDir)
+		file (MAKE_DIRECTORY "${_baseDir}")
+	endif()
+	# choose languages that apply to the target
+	cotire_choose_target_languages("${_target}" _targetLanguages _wholeTarget ${_option_LANGUAGES})
+	if (NOT _targetLanguages)
+		return()
+	endif()
+	set (_cmds "")
+	foreach (_language ${_targetLanguages})
+		cotire_process_target_language("${_language}" "${_option_CONFIGURATIONS}" ${_target} ${_wholeTarget} _cmd)
+		if (_cmd)
+			list (APPEND _cmds ${_cmd})
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	get_target_property(_targetAddSCU ${_target} COTIRE_ADD_UNITY_BUILD)
+	if (_targetAddSCU)
+		cotire_setup_unity_build_target("${_targetLanguages}" "${_option_CONFIGURATIONS}" ${_target})
+	endif()
+	get_target_property(_targetUsePCH ${_target} COTIRE_ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER)
+	if (_targetUsePCH)
+		cotire_setup_target_pch_usage("${_targetLanguages}" ${_target} ${_wholeTarget} ${_cmds})
+		cotire_setup_pch_target("${_targetLanguages}" "${_option_CONFIGURATIONS}" ${_target})
+		if (_targetAddSCU)
+			cotire_setup_unity_target_pch_usage("${_targetLanguages}" ${_target})
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	get_target_property(_targetAddCleanTarget ${_target} COTIRE_ADD_CLEAN)
+	if (_targetAddCleanTarget)
+		cotire_setup_clean_target(${_target})
+	endif()
+endfunction(cotire_target)
+
+function (cotire_map_libraries _strategy _mappedLibrariesVar)
+	set (_mappedLibraries "")
+	foreach (_library ${ARGN})
+		if (_library MATCHES "^\\$<LINK_ONLY:(.+)>$")
+			set (_libraryName "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
+			set (_linkOnly TRUE)
+			set (_objectLibrary FALSE)
+		elseif (_library MATCHES "^\\$<TARGET_OBJECTS:(.+)>$")
+			set (_libraryName "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
+			set (_linkOnly FALSE)
+			set (_objectLibrary TRUE)
+		else()
+			set (_libraryName "${_library}")
+			set (_linkOnly FALSE)
+			set (_objectLibrary FALSE)
+		endif()
+		if ("${_strategy}" MATCHES "COPY_UNITY")
+			cotire_is_target_supported(${_libraryName} _isSupported)
+			if (_isSupported)
+				# use target's corresponding unity target, if available
+				get_target_property(_libraryUnityTargetName ${_libraryName} COTIRE_UNITY_TARGET_NAME)
+				if (TARGET "${_libraryUnityTargetName}")
+					if (_linkOnly)
+						list (APPEND _mappedLibraries "$<LINK_ONLY:${_libraryUnityTargetName}>")
+					elseif (_objectLibrary)
+						list (APPEND _mappedLibraries "$<TARGET_OBJECTS:${_libraryUnityTargetName}>")
+					else()
+						list (APPEND _mappedLibraries "${_libraryUnityTargetName}")
+					endif()
+				else()
+					list (APPEND _mappedLibraries "${_library}")
+				endif()
+			else()
+				list (APPEND _mappedLibraries "${_library}")
+			endif()
+		else()
+			list (APPEND _mappedLibraries "${_library}")
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	list (REMOVE_DUPLICATES _mappedLibraries)
+	set (${_mappedLibrariesVar} ${_mappedLibraries} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_target_link_libraries _target)
+	cotire_is_target_supported(${_target} _isSupported)
+	if (NOT _isSupported)
+		return()
+	endif()
+	get_target_property(_unityTargetName ${_target} COTIRE_UNITY_TARGET_NAME)
+	if (TARGET "${_unityTargetName}")
+		get_target_property(_linkLibrariesStrategy ${_target} COTIRE_UNITY_LINK_LIBRARIES_INIT)
+		if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+			message (STATUS "unity target ${_unityTargetName} link strategy: ${_linkLibrariesStrategy}")
+		endif()
+		if ("${_linkLibrariesStrategy}" MATCHES "^(COPY|COPY_UNITY)$")
+			get_target_property(_linkLibraries ${_target} LINK_LIBRARIES)
+			if (_linkLibraries)
+				cotire_map_libraries("${_linkLibrariesStrategy}" _unityLinkLibraries ${_linkLibraries})
+				set_target_properties(${_unityTargetName} PROPERTIES LINK_LIBRARIES "${_unityLinkLibraries}")
+				if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+					message (STATUS "unity target ${_unityTargetName} link libraries: ${_unityLinkLibraries}")
+				endif()
+			endif()
+			get_target_property(_interfaceLinkLibraries ${_target} INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES)
+			if (_interfaceLinkLibraries)
+				cotire_map_libraries("${_linkLibrariesStrategy}" _unityLinkInterfaceLibraries ${_interfaceLinkLibraries})
+				set_target_properties(${_unityTargetName} PROPERTIES INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${_unityLinkInterfaceLibraries}")
+				if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+					message (STATUS "unity target ${_unityTargetName} interface link libraries: ${_unityLinkInterfaceLibraries}")
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+endfunction(cotire_target_link_libraries)
+
+function (cotire_cleanup _binaryDir _cotireIntermediateDirName _targetName)
+	if (_targetName)
+		file (GLOB_RECURSE _cotireFiles "${_binaryDir}/${_targetName}*.*")
+	else()
+		file (GLOB_RECURSE _cotireFiles "${_binaryDir}/*.*")
+	endif()
+	# filter files in intermediate directory
+	set (_filesToRemove "")
+	foreach (_file ${_cotireFiles})
+		get_filename_component(_dir "${_file}" DIRECTORY)
+		get_filename_component(_dirName "${_dir}" NAME)
+		if ("${_dirName}" STREQUAL "${_cotireIntermediateDirName}")
+			list (APPEND _filesToRemove "${_file}")
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	if (_filesToRemove)
+		if (COTIRE_VERBOSE)
+			message (STATUS "cleaning up ${_filesToRemove}")
+		endif()
+		file (REMOVE ${_filesToRemove})
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_init_target _targetName)
+	if (COTIRE_TARGETS_FOLDER)
+		set_target_properties(${_targetName} PROPERTIES FOLDER "${COTIRE_TARGETS_FOLDER}")
+	endif()
+	set_target_properties(${_targetName} PROPERTIES EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL TRUE)
+	if (MSVC_IDE)
+		set_target_properties(${_targetName} PROPERTIES EXCLUDE_FROM_DEFAULT_BUILD TRUE)
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_add_to_pch_all_target _pchTargetName)
+	set (_targetName "${COTIRE_PCH_ALL_TARGET_NAME}")
+	if (NOT TARGET "${_targetName}")
+		add_custom_target("${_targetName}"
+			WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}"
+			VERBATIM)
+		cotire_init_target("${_targetName}")
+	endif()
+	cotire_setup_clean_all_target()
+	add_dependencies(${_targetName} ${_pchTargetName})
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_add_to_unity_all_target _unityTargetName)
+	set (_targetName "${COTIRE_UNITY_BUILD_ALL_TARGET_NAME}")
+	if (NOT TARGET "${_targetName}")
+		add_custom_target("${_targetName}"
+			WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}"
+			VERBATIM)
+		cotire_init_target("${_targetName}")
+	endif()
+	cotire_setup_clean_all_target()
+	add_dependencies(${_targetName} ${_unityTargetName})
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire_setup_clean_all_target)
+	set (_targetName "${COTIRE_CLEAN_ALL_TARGET_NAME}")
+	if (NOT TARGET "${_targetName}")
+		cotire_set_cmd_to_prologue(_cmds)
+		list (APPEND _cmds -P "${COTIRE_CMAKE_MODULE_FILE}" "cleanup" "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" "${COTIRE_INTDIR}")
+		add_custom_target(${_targetName}
+			COMMAND ${_cmds}
+			WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}"
+			COMMENT "Cleaning up all cotire generated files"
+			VERBATIM)
+		cotire_init_target("${_targetName}")
+	endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function (cotire)
+	set(_options "")
+	set(_oneValueArgs "")
+	set(_multiValueArgs LANGUAGES CONFIGURATIONS)
+	cmake_parse_arguments(_option "${_options}" "${_oneValueArgs}" "${_multiValueArgs}" ${ARGN})
+	set (_targets ${_option_UNPARSED_ARGUMENTS})
+	foreach (_target ${_targets})
+		if (TARGET ${_target})
+			cotire_target(${_target} LANGUAGES ${_option_LANGUAGES} CONFIGURATIONS ${_option_CONFIGURATIONS})
+		else()
+			message (WARNING "cotire: ${_target} is not a target.")
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+	foreach (_target ${_targets})
+		if (TARGET ${_target})
+			cotire_target_link_libraries(${_target})
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+endfunction()
+
+if (CMAKE_SCRIPT_MODE_FILE)
+
+	# cotire is being run in script mode
+	# locate -P on command args
+	set (COTIRE_ARGC -1)
+	foreach (_index RANGE ${CMAKE_ARGC})
+		if (COTIRE_ARGC GREATER -1)
+			set (COTIRE_ARGV${COTIRE_ARGC} "${CMAKE_ARGV${_index}}")
+			math (EXPR COTIRE_ARGC "${COTIRE_ARGC} + 1")
+		elseif ("${CMAKE_ARGV${_index}}" STREQUAL "-P")
+			set (COTIRE_ARGC 0)
+		endif()
+	endforeach()
+
+	# include target script if available
+	if ("${COTIRE_ARGV2}" MATCHES "\\.cmake$")
+		# the included target scripts sets up additional variables relating to the target (e.g., COTIRE_TARGET_SOURCES)
+		include("${COTIRE_ARGV2}")
+	endif()
+
+	if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+		message (STATUS "${COTIRE_ARGV0} ${COTIRE_ARGV1} ${COTIRE_ARGV2} ${COTIRE_ARGV3} ${COTIRE_ARGV4} ${COTIRE_ARGV5}")
+	endif()
+
+	if (NOT COTIRE_BUILD_TYPE)
+		set (COTIRE_BUILD_TYPE "None")
+	endif()
+	string (TOUPPER "${COTIRE_BUILD_TYPE}" _upperConfig)
+	set (_includeDirs ${COTIRE_TARGET_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES_${_upperConfig}})
+	set (_systemIncludeDirs ${COTIRE_TARGET_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES_${_upperConfig}})
+	set (_compileDefinitions ${COTIRE_TARGET_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS_${_upperConfig}})
+	set (_compileFlags ${COTIRE_TARGET_COMPILE_FLAGS_${_upperConfig}})
+	# check if target has been cotired for actual build type COTIRE_BUILD_TYPE
+	list (FIND COTIRE_TARGET_CONFIGURATION_TYPES "${COTIRE_BUILD_TYPE}" _index)
+	if (_index GREATER -1)
+		set (_sources ${COTIRE_TARGET_SOURCES})
+		set (_sourcesDefinitions ${COTIRE_TARGET_SOURCES_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS_${_upperConfig}})
+	else()
+		if (COTIRE_DEBUG)
+			message (STATUS "COTIRE_BUILD_TYPE=${COTIRE_BUILD_TYPE} not cotired (${COTIRE_TARGET_CONFIGURATION_TYPES})")
+		endif()
+		set (_sources "")
+		set (_sourcesDefinitions "")
+	endif()
+	set (_targetPreUndefs ${COTIRE_TARGET_PRE_UNDEFS})
+	set (_targetPostUndefs ${COTIRE_TARGET_POST_UNDEFS})
+	set (_sourcesPreUndefs ${COTIRE_TARGET_SOURCES_PRE_UNDEFS})
+	set (_sourcesPostUndefs ${COTIRE_TARGET_SOURCES_POST_UNDEFS})
+
+	if ("${COTIRE_ARGV1}" STREQUAL "unity")
+
+		if (XCODE)
+			# executing pre-build action under Xcode, check dependency on target script
+			set (_dependsOption DEPENDS "${COTIRE_ARGV2}")
+		else()
+			# executing custom command, no need to re-check for dependencies
+			set (_dependsOption "")
+		endif()
+
+		cotire_select_unity_source_files("${COTIRE_ARGV3}" _sources ${_sources})
+
+		cotire_generate_unity_source(
+			"${COTIRE_ARGV3}" ${_sources}
+			LANGUAGE "${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}"
+			SOURCES_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS ${_sourcesDefinitions}
+			PRE_UNDEFS ${_targetPreUndefs}
+			POST_UNDEFS ${_targetPostUndefs}
+			SOURCES_PRE_UNDEFS ${_sourcesPreUndefs}
+			SOURCES_POST_UNDEFS ${_sourcesPostUndefs}
+			${_dependsOption})
+
+	elseif ("${COTIRE_ARGV1}" STREQUAL "prefix")
+
+		if (XCODE)
+			# executing pre-build action under Xcode, check dependency on unity file and prefix dependencies
+			set (_dependsOption DEPENDS "${COTIRE_ARGV4}" ${COTIRE_TARGET_PREFIX_DEPENDS})
+		else()
+			# executing custom command, no need to re-check for dependencies
+			set (_dependsOption "")
+		endif()
+
+		set (_files "")
+		foreach (_index RANGE 4 ${COTIRE_ARGC})
+			if (COTIRE_ARGV${_index})
+				list (APPEND _files "${COTIRE_ARGV${_index}}")
+			endif()
+		endforeach()
+
+		cotire_generate_prefix_header(
+			"${COTIRE_ARGV3}" ${_files}
+			COMPILER_LAUNCHER "${COTIRE_TARGET_${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}_COMPILER_LAUNCHER}"
+			COMPILER_EXECUTABLE "${CMAKE_${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}_COMPILER}"
+			COMPILER_ARG1 ${CMAKE_${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}_COMPILER_ARG1}
+			COMPILER_ID "${CMAKE_${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}_COMPILER_ID}"
+			COMPILER_VERSION "${CMAKE_${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}_COMPILER_VERSION}"
+			LANGUAGE "${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}"
+			IGNORE_PATH "${COTIRE_TARGET_IGNORE_PATH};${COTIRE_ADDITIONAL_PREFIX_HEADER_IGNORE_PATH}"
+			INCLUDE_PATH ${COTIRE_TARGET_INCLUDE_PATH}
+			IGNORE_EXTENSIONS "${CMAKE_${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}_SOURCE_FILE_EXTENSIONS};${COTIRE_ADDITIONAL_PREFIX_HEADER_IGNORE_EXTENSIONS}"
+			INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH ${COTIRE_TARGET_INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH}
+			INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${_includeDirs}
+			SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${_systemIncludeDirs}
+			COMPILE_DEFINITIONS ${_compileDefinitions}
+			COMPILE_FLAGS ${_compileFlags}
+			${_dependsOption})
+
+	elseif ("${COTIRE_ARGV1}" STREQUAL "precompile")
+
+		set (_files "")
+		foreach (_index RANGE 5 ${COTIRE_ARGC})
+			if (COTIRE_ARGV${_index})
+				list (APPEND _files "${COTIRE_ARGV${_index}}")
+			endif()
+		endforeach()
+
+		cotire_precompile_prefix_header(
+			"${COTIRE_ARGV3}" "${COTIRE_ARGV4}" "${COTIRE_ARGV5}"
+			COMPILER_LAUNCHER "${COTIRE_TARGET_${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}_COMPILER_LAUNCHER}"
+			COMPILER_EXECUTABLE "${CMAKE_${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}_COMPILER}"
+			COMPILER_ARG1 ${CMAKE_${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}_COMPILER_ARG1}
+			COMPILER_ID "${CMAKE_${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}_COMPILER_ID}"
+			COMPILER_VERSION "${CMAKE_${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}_COMPILER_VERSION}"
+			LANGUAGE "${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}"
+			INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${_includeDirs}
+			SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${_systemIncludeDirs}
+			COMPILE_DEFINITIONS ${_compileDefinitions}
+			COMPILE_FLAGS ${_compileFlags})
+
+	elseif ("${COTIRE_ARGV1}" STREQUAL "combine")
+
+		if (COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE)
+			set (_combinedFile "${COTIRE_ARGV3}")
+			set (_startIndex 4)
+		else()
+			set (_combinedFile "${COTIRE_ARGV2}")
+			set (_startIndex 3)
+		endif()
+		set (_files "")
+		foreach (_index RANGE ${_startIndex} ${COTIRE_ARGC})
+			if (COTIRE_ARGV${_index})
+				list (APPEND _files "${COTIRE_ARGV${_index}}")
+			endif()
+		endforeach()
+
+		if (XCODE)
+			# executing pre-build action under Xcode, check dependency on files to be combined
+			set (_dependsOption DEPENDS ${_files})
+		else()
+			# executing custom command, no need to re-check for dependencies
+			set (_dependsOption "")
+		endif()
+
+		if (COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE)
+			cotire_generate_unity_source(
+				"${_combinedFile}" ${_files}
+				LANGUAGE "${COTIRE_TARGET_LANGUAGE}"
+				${_dependsOption})
+		else()
+			cotire_generate_unity_source("${_combinedFile}" ${_files} ${_dependsOption})
+		endif()
+
+	elseif ("${COTIRE_ARGV1}" STREQUAL "cleanup")
+
+		cotire_cleanup("${COTIRE_ARGV2}" "${COTIRE_ARGV3}" "${COTIRE_ARGV4}")
+
+	else()
+		message (FATAL_ERROR "cotire: unknown command \"${COTIRE_ARGV1}\".")
+	endif()
+
+else()
+
+	# cotire is being run in include mode
+	# set up all variable and property definitions
+
+	if (NOT DEFINED COTIRE_DEBUG_INIT)
+		if (DEFINED COTIRE_DEBUG)
+			set (COTIRE_DEBUG_INIT ${COTIRE_DEBUG})
+		else()
+			set (COTIRE_DEBUG_INIT FALSE)
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	option (COTIRE_DEBUG "Enable cotire debugging output?" ${COTIRE_DEBUG_INIT})
+
+	if (NOT DEFINED COTIRE_VERBOSE_INIT)
+		if (DEFINED COTIRE_VERBOSE)
+			set (COTIRE_VERBOSE_INIT ${COTIRE_VERBOSE})
+		else()
+			set (COTIRE_VERBOSE_INIT FALSE)
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	option (COTIRE_VERBOSE "Enable cotire verbose output?" ${COTIRE_VERBOSE_INIT})
+
+	set (COTIRE_ADDITIONAL_PREFIX_HEADER_IGNORE_EXTENSIONS "inc;inl;ipp" CACHE STRING
+		"Ignore headers with the listed file extensions from the generated prefix header.")
+
+	set (COTIRE_ADDITIONAL_PREFIX_HEADER_IGNORE_PATH "" CACHE STRING
+		"Ignore headers from these directories when generating the prefix header.")
+
+	set (COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_EXCLUDE_EXTENSIONS "m;mm" CACHE STRING
+		"Ignore sources with the listed file extensions from the generated unity source.")
+
+	set (COTIRE_MINIMUM_NUMBER_OF_TARGET_SOURCES "3" CACHE STRING
+		"Minimum number of sources in target required to enable use of precompiled header.")
+
+	if (NOT DEFINED COTIRE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_UNITY_INCLUDES_INIT)
+		if (DEFINED COTIRE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_UNITY_INCLUDES)
+			set (COTIRE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_UNITY_INCLUDES_INIT ${COTIRE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_UNITY_INCLUDES})
+		elseif ("${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" MATCHES "JOM|Ninja|Visual Studio")
+			# enable parallelization for generators that run multiple jobs by default
+			set (COTIRE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_UNITY_INCLUDES_INIT "-j")
+		else()
+			set (COTIRE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_UNITY_INCLUDES_INIT "0")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set (COTIRE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_UNITY_INCLUDES "${COTIRE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_UNITY_INCLUDES_INIT}" CACHE STRING
+		"Maximum number of source files to include in a single unity source file.")
+
+	if (NOT COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_FILENAME_SUFFIX)
+		set (COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_FILENAME_SUFFIX "_prefix")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_FILENAME_SUFFIX)
+		set (COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_FILENAME_SUFFIX "_unity")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT COTIRE_INTDIR)
+		set (COTIRE_INTDIR "cotire")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT COTIRE_PCH_ALL_TARGET_NAME)
+		set (COTIRE_PCH_ALL_TARGET_NAME "all_pch")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT COTIRE_UNITY_BUILD_ALL_TARGET_NAME)
+		set (COTIRE_UNITY_BUILD_ALL_TARGET_NAME "all_unity")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT COTIRE_CLEAN_ALL_TARGET_NAME)
+		set (COTIRE_CLEAN_ALL_TARGET_NAME "clean_cotire")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT COTIRE_CLEAN_TARGET_SUFFIX)
+		set (COTIRE_CLEAN_TARGET_SUFFIX "_clean_cotire")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT COTIRE_PCH_TARGET_SUFFIX)
+		set (COTIRE_PCH_TARGET_SUFFIX "_pch")
+	endif()
+	if (MSVC)
+		# MSVC default PCH memory scaling factor of 100 percent (75 MB) is too small for template heavy C++ code
+		# use a bigger default factor of 170 percent (128 MB)
+		if (NOT DEFINED COTIRE_PCH_MEMORY_SCALING_FACTOR)
+			set (COTIRE_PCH_MEMORY_SCALING_FACTOR "170")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	if (NOT COTIRE_UNITY_BUILD_TARGET_SUFFIX)
+		set (COTIRE_UNITY_BUILD_TARGET_SUFFIX "_unity")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT DEFINED COTIRE_TARGETS_FOLDER)
+		set (COTIRE_TARGETS_FOLDER "cotire")
+	endif()
+	if (NOT DEFINED COTIRE_UNITY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)
+		if ("${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" MATCHES "Ninja")
+			# generated Ninja build files do not work if the unity target produces the same output file as the cotired target
+			set (COTIRE_UNITY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "unity")
+		else()
+			set (COTIRE_UNITY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+
+	# define cotire cache variables
+
+	define_property(
+		CACHED_VARIABLE PROPERTY "COTIRE_ADDITIONAL_PREFIX_HEADER_IGNORE_PATH"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Ignore headers from these directories when generating the prefix header."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"The variable can be set to a semicolon separated list of include directories."
+			"If a header file is found in one of these directories or sub-directories, it will be excluded from the generated prefix header."
+			"If not defined, defaults to empty list."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		CACHED_VARIABLE PROPERTY "COTIRE_ADDITIONAL_PREFIX_HEADER_IGNORE_EXTENSIONS"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Ignore includes with the listed file extensions from the generated prefix header."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"The variable can be set to a semicolon separated list of file extensions."
+			"If a header file extension matches one in the list, it will be excluded from the generated prefix header."
+			"Includes with an extension in CMAKE_<LANG>_SOURCE_FILE_EXTENSIONS are always ignored."
+			"If not defined, defaults to inc;inl;ipp."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		CACHED_VARIABLE PROPERTY "COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_EXCLUDE_EXTENSIONS"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Exclude sources with the listed file extensions from the generated unity source."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"The variable can be set to a semicolon separated list of file extensions."
+			"If a source file extension matches one in the list, it will be excluded from the generated unity source file."
+			"Source files with an extension in CMAKE_<LANG>_IGNORE_EXTENSIONS are always excluded."
+			"If not defined, defaults to m;mm."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		CACHED_VARIABLE PROPERTY "COTIRE_MINIMUM_NUMBER_OF_TARGET_SOURCES"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Minimum number of sources in target required to enable use of precompiled header."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"The variable can be set to an integer > 0."
+			"If a target contains less than that number of source files, cotire will not enable the use of the precompiled header for the target."
+			"If not defined, defaults to 3."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		CACHED_VARIABLE PROPERTY "COTIRE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_UNITY_INCLUDES"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Maximum number of source files to include in a single unity source file."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"This may be set to an integer >= 0."
+			"If 0, cotire will only create a single unity source file."
+			"If a target contains more than that number of source files, cotire will create multiple unity source files for it."
+			"Can be set to \"-j\" to optimize the count of unity source files for the number of available processor cores."
+			"Can be set to \"-j jobs\" to optimize the number of unity source files for the given number of simultaneous jobs."
+			"Is used to initialize the target property COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_INCLUDES."
+			"Defaults to \"-j\" for the generators Visual Studio, JOM or Ninja. Defaults to 0 otherwise."
+	)
+
+	# define cotire directory properties
+
+	define_property(
+		DIRECTORY PROPERTY "COTIRE_ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Modify build command of cotired targets added in this directory to make use of the generated precompiled header."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"See target property COTIRE_ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		DIRECTORY PROPERTY "COTIRE_ADD_UNITY_BUILD"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Add a new target that performs a unity build for cotired targets added in this directory."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"See target property COTIRE_ADD_UNITY_BUILD."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		DIRECTORY PROPERTY "COTIRE_ADD_CLEAN"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Add a new target that cleans all cotire generated files for cotired targets added in this directory."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"See target property COTIRE_ADD_CLEAN."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		DIRECTORY PROPERTY "COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_IGNORE_PATH"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Ignore headers from these directories when generating the prefix header."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"See target property COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_IGNORE_PATH."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		DIRECTORY PROPERTY "COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_INCLUDE_PATH"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Honor headers from these directories when generating the prefix header."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"See target property COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_INCLUDE_PATH."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		DIRECTORY PROPERTY "COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Header paths matching one of these directories are put at the top of the prefix header."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"See target property COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		DIRECTORY PROPERTY "COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_PRE_UNDEFS"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Preprocessor undefs to place in the generated unity source file before the inclusion of each source file."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"See target property COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_PRE_UNDEFS."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		DIRECTORY PROPERTY "COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_POST_UNDEFS"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Preprocessor undefs to place in the generated unity source file after the inclusion of each source file."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"See target property COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_POST_UNDEFS."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		DIRECTORY PROPERTY "COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_INCLUDES"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Maximum number of source files to include in a single unity source file."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"See target property COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_INCLUDES."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		DIRECTORY PROPERTY "COTIRE_UNITY_LINK_LIBRARIES_INIT"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Define strategy for setting up the unity target's link libraries."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"See target property COTIRE_UNITY_LINK_LIBRARIES_INIT."
+	)
+
+	# define cotire target properties
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER" INHERITED
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Modify this target's build command to make use of the generated precompiled header."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"If this property is set to TRUE, cotire will modify the build command to make use of the generated precompiled header."
+			"Irrespective of the value of this property, cotire will setup custom commands to generate the unity source and prefix header for the target."
+			"For makefile based generators cotire will also set up a custom target to manually invoke the generation of the precompiled header."
+			"The target name will be set to this target's name with the suffix _pch appended."
+			"Inherited from directory."
+			"Defaults to TRUE."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_ADD_UNITY_BUILD" INHERITED
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Add a new target that performs a unity build for this target."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"If this property is set to TRUE, cotire creates a new target of the same type that uses the generated unity source file instead of the target sources."
+			"Most of the relevant target properties will be copied from this target to the new unity build target."
+			"Target dependencies and linked libraries have to be manually set up for the new unity build target."
+			"The unity target name will be set to this target's name with the suffix _unity appended."
+			"Inherited from directory."
+			"Defaults to TRUE."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_ADD_CLEAN" INHERITED
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Add a new target that cleans all cotire generated files for this target."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"If this property is set to TRUE, cotire creates a new target that clean all files (unity source, prefix header, precompiled header)."
+			"The clean target name will be set to this target's name with the suffix _clean_cotire appended."
+			"Inherited from directory."
+			"Defaults to FALSE."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_IGNORE_PATH" INHERITED
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Ignore headers from these directories when generating the prefix header."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"The property can be set to a list of directories."
+			"If a header file is found in one of these directories or sub-directories, it will be excluded from the generated prefix header."
+			"Inherited from directory."
+			"If not set, this property is initialized to \${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR};\${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_INCLUDE_PATH" INHERITED
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Honor headers from these directories when generating the prefix header."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"The property can be set to a list of directories."
+			"If a header file is found in one of these directories or sub-directories, it will be included in the generated prefix header."
+			"If a header file is both selected by COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_IGNORE_PATH and COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_INCLUDE_PATH,"
+			"the option which yields the closer relative path match wins."
+			"Inherited from directory."
+			"If not set, this property is initialized to the empty list."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_PREFIX_HEADER_INCLUDE_PRIORITY_PATH" INHERITED
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Header paths matching one of these directories are put at the top of prefix header."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"The property can be set to a list of directories."
+			"Header file paths matching one of these directories will be inserted at the beginning of the generated prefix header."
+			"Header files are sorted according to the order of the directories in the property."
+			"If not set, this property is initialized to the empty list."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_PRE_UNDEFS" INHERITED
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Preprocessor undefs to place in the generated unity source file before the inclusion of each target source file."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"This may be set to a semicolon-separated list of preprocessor symbols."
+			"cotire will add corresponding #undef directives to the generated unit source file before each target source file."
+			"Inherited from directory."
+			"Defaults to empty string."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_POST_UNDEFS" INHERITED
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Preprocessor undefs to place in the generated unity source file after the inclusion of each target source file."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"This may be set to a semicolon-separated list of preprocessor symbols."
+			"cotire will add corresponding #undef directives to the generated unit source file after each target source file."
+			"Inherited from directory."
+			"Defaults to empty string."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_INCLUDES" INHERITED
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Maximum number of source files to include in a single unity source file."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"This may be set to an integer > 0."
+			"If a target contains more than that number of source files, cotire will create multiple unity build files for it."
+			"If not set, cotire will only create a single unity source file."
+			"Inherited from directory."
+			"Defaults to empty."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_<LANG>_UNITY_SOURCE_INIT"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "User provided unity source file to be used instead of the automatically generated one."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"If set, cotire will only add the given file(s) to the generated unity source file."
+			"If not set, cotire will add all the target source files to the generated unity source file."
+			"The property can be set to a user provided unity source file."
+			"Defaults to empty."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_<LANG>_PREFIX_HEADER_INIT"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "User provided prefix header file to be used instead of the automatically generated one."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"If set, cotire will add the given header file(s) to the generated prefix header file."
+			"If not set, cotire will generate a prefix header by tracking the header files included by the unity source file."
+			"The property can be set to a user provided prefix header file (e.g., stdafx.h)."
+			"Defaults to empty."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_UNITY_LINK_LIBRARIES_INIT" INHERITED
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Define strategy for setting up unity target's link libraries."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"If this property is empty or set to NONE, the generated unity target's link libraries have to be set up manually."
+			"If this property is set to COPY, the unity target's link libraries will be copied from this target."
+			"If this property is set to COPY_UNITY, the unity target's link libraries will be copied from this target with considering existing unity targets."
+			"Inherited from directory."
+			"Defaults to empty."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_<LANG>_UNITY_SOURCE"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Read-only property. The generated <LANG> unity source file(s)."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"cotire sets this property to the path of the generated <LANG> single computation unit source file for the target."
+			"Defaults to empty string."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_<LANG>_PREFIX_HEADER"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Read-only property. The generated <LANG> prefix header file."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"cotire sets this property to the full path of the generated <LANG> language prefix header for the target."
+			"Defaults to empty string."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_<LANG>_PRECOMPILED_HEADER"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Read-only property. The generated <LANG> precompiled header file."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"cotire sets this property to the full path of the generated <LANG> language precompiled header binary for the target."
+			"Defaults to empty string."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		TARGET PROPERTY "COTIRE_UNITY_TARGET_NAME"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "The name of the generated unity build target corresponding to this target."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"This property can be set to the desired name of the unity target that will be created by cotire."
+			"If not set, the unity target name will be set to this target's name with the suffix _unity appended."
+			"After this target has been processed by cotire, the property is set to the actual name of the generated unity target."
+			"Defaults to empty string."
+	)
+
+	# define cotire source properties
+
+	define_property(
+		SOURCE PROPERTY "COTIRE_EXCLUDED"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Do not modify source file's build command."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"If this property is set to TRUE, the source file's build command will not be modified to make use of the precompiled header."
+			"The source file will also be excluded from the generated unity source file."
+			"Source files that have their COMPILE_FLAGS property set will be excluded by default."
+			"Defaults to FALSE."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		SOURCE PROPERTY "COTIRE_DEPENDENCY"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Add this source file to dependencies of the automatically generated prefix header file."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"If this property is set to TRUE, the source file is added to dependencies of the generated prefix header file."
+			"If the file is modified, cotire will re-generate the prefix header source upon build."
+			"Defaults to FALSE."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		SOURCE PROPERTY "COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_PRE_UNDEFS"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Preprocessor undefs to place in the generated unity source file before the inclusion of this source file."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"This may be set to a semicolon-separated list of preprocessor symbols."
+			"cotire will add corresponding #undef directives to the generated unit source file before this file is included."
+			"Defaults to empty string."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		SOURCE PROPERTY "COTIRE_UNITY_SOURCE_POST_UNDEFS"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Preprocessor undefs to place in the generated unity source file after the inclusion of this source file."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"This may be set to a semicolon-separated list of preprocessor symbols."
+			"cotire will add corresponding #undef directives to the generated unit source file after this file is included."
+			"Defaults to empty string."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		SOURCE PROPERTY "COTIRE_START_NEW_UNITY_SOURCE"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Start a new unity source file which includes this source file as the first one."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"If this property is set to TRUE, cotire will complete the current unity file and start a new one."
+			"The new unity source file will include this source file as the first one."
+			"This property essentially works as a separator for unity source files."
+			"Defaults to FALSE."
+	)
+
+	define_property(
+		SOURCE PROPERTY "COTIRE_TARGET"
+		BRIEF_DOCS "Read-only property. Mark this source file as cotired for the given target."
+		FULL_DOCS
+			"cotire sets this property to the name of target, that the source file's build command has been altered for."
+			"Defaults to empty string."
+	)
+
+	message (STATUS "cotire ${COTIRE_CMAKE_MODULE_VERSION} loaded.")
+
+endif()
diff --git a/doc/Doxyfile b/doc/Doxyfile
index b4f5786..27806a6 100644
--- a/doc/Doxyfile
+++ b/doc/Doxyfile
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 DOXYFILE_ENCODING      = UTF-8
 PROJECT_NAME           = "JSON for Modern C++"
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2.1.0
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2.1.1
 PROJECT_BRIEF          = 
 PROJECT_LOGO           =
 OUTPUT_DIRECTORY       = .
diff --git a/doc/Makefile b/doc/Makefile
index 04a5cc7..37a0e19 100644
--- a/doc/Makefile
+++ b/doc/Makefile
@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@
 # create Doxygen documentation
 doxygen: create_output create_links
 	doxygen
-	$(SED) -i 's@&lt; ObjectType, ArrayType, StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberFloatType, AllocatorType &gt;@@g' html/*.html
-	$(SED) -i 's@&lt;&#160;ObjectType,&#160;ArrayType,&#160;StringType,&#160;BooleanType,&#160;NumberIntegerType,&#160;NumberFloatType,&#160;AllocatorType&#160;&gt;@@g' html/*.html
-	$(SED) -i 's@&lt; ObjectType, ArrayType, StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberUnsignedType, NumberFloatType, AllocatorType &gt;@@g' html/*.html
-	$(SED) -i 's@< ObjectType, ArrayType, StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberUnsignedType, NumberFloatType, AllocatorType >@@g' html/*.html
-	$(SED) -i 's@&lt;&#160;ObjectType,&#160;ArrayType,&#160;StringType,&#160;BooleanType,&#160;NumberIntegerType,&#160;NumberUnsignedType,&#160;NumberFloatType,&#160;AllocatorType&#160;&gt;@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@&lt; ObjectType, ArrayType, StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberFloatType, AllocatorType, JSONSerializer &gt;@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@&lt;&#160;ObjectType,&#160;ArrayType,&#160;StringType,&#160;BooleanType,&#160;NumberIntegerType,&#160;NumberFloatType,&#160;AllocatorType&#160;JSONSerializer&#160;&gt;@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@&lt; ObjectType, ArrayType, StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberUnsignedType, NumberFloatType, AllocatorType, JSONSerializer &gt;@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@< ObjectType, ArrayType, StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberUnsignedType, NumberFloatType, AllocatorType, JSONSerializer >@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@&lt;&#160;ObjectType,&#160;ArrayType,&#160;StringType,&#160;BooleanType,&#160;NumberIntegerType,&#160;NumberUnsignedType,&#160;NumberFloatType,&#160;AllocatorType&#160;JSONSerializer&#160;&gt;@@g' html/*.html
 
 upload: clean doxygen check_output
 	cd html ; ../scripts/git-update-ghpages nlohmann/json
diff --git a/doc/examples/meta.output b/doc/examples/meta.output
index f361bb6..933aac0 100644
--- a/doc/examples/meta.output
+++ b/doc/examples/meta.output
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     "version": {
         "major": 2,
         "minor": 1,
-        "patch": 0,
-        "string": "2.1.0"
+        "patch": 1,
+        "string": "2.1.1"
     }
 }
diff --git a/doc/index.md b/doc/index.md
index 2f12767..9493412 100644
--- a/doc/index.md
+++ b/doc/index.md
@@ -277,4 +277,4 @@
 @author [Niels Lohmann](http://nlohmann.me)
 @see https://github.com/nlohmann/json to download the source code
 
-@version 2.1.0
+@version 2.1.1
diff --git a/doc/json.gif b/doc/json.gif
index 9d05cfd..2fbcde6 100644
--- a/doc/json.gif
+++ b/doc/json.gif
Binary files differ
diff --git a/doc/usages/ios.png b/doc/usages/ios.png
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1d2c1b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usages/ios.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/doc/usages/macos.png b/doc/usages/macos.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..107b5f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usages/macos.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/src/json.hpp b/src/json.hpp
index 5fdd83d..6dfc183 100644
--- a/src/json.hpp
+++ b/src/json.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -29,22 +29,22 @@
 #ifndef NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP
 #define NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP
 
-#include <algorithm> // all_of, for_each, transform
+#include <algorithm> // all_of, copy, fill, find, for_each, none_of, remove, reverse, transform
 #include <array> // array
 #include <cassert> // assert
 #include <cctype> // isdigit
 #include <ciso646> // and, not, or
-#include <cmath> // isfinite, ldexp, signbit
+#include <cmath> // isfinite, labs, ldexp, signbit
 #include <cstddef> // nullptr_t, ptrdiff_t, size_t
 #include <cstdint> // int64_t, uint64_t
-#include <cstdlib> // strtod, strtof, strtold, strtoul
+#include <cstdlib> // abort, strtod, strtof, strtold, strtoul, strtoll, strtoull
 #include <cstring> // strlen
 #include <forward_list> // forward_list
 #include <functional> // function, hash, less
 #include <initializer_list> // initializer_list
 #include <iomanip> // setw
 #include <iostream> // istream, ostream
-#include <iterator> // advance, begin, bidirectional_iterator_tag, distance, end, inserter, iterator, iterator_traits, next, random_access_iterator_tag, reverse_iterator
+#include <iterator> // advance, begin, back_inserter, bidirectional_iterator_tag, distance, end, inserter, iterator, iterator_traits, next, random_access_iterator_tag, reverse_iterator
 #include <limits> // numeric_limits
 #include <locale> // locale
 #include <map> // map
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 #include <sstream> // stringstream
 #include <stdexcept> // domain_error, invalid_argument, out_of_range
 #include <string> // getline, stoi, string, to_string
-#include <type_traits> // add_pointer, enable_if, is_arithmetic, is_base_of, is_const, is_constructible, is_convertible, is_floating_point, is_integral, is_nothrow_move_assignable, std::is_nothrow_move_constructible, std::is_pointer, std::is_reference, std::is_same, remove_const, remove_pointer, remove_reference
+#include <type_traits> // add_pointer, conditional, decay, enable_if, false_type, integral_constant, is_arithmetic, is_base_of, is_const, is_constructible, is_convertible, is_default_constructible, is_enum, is_floating_point, is_integral, is_nothrow_move_assignable, is_nothrow_move_constructible, is_pointer, is_reference, is_same, is_scalar, is_signed, remove_const, remove_cv, remove_pointer, remove_reference, true_type, underlying_type
 #include <utility> // declval, forward, make_pair, move, pair, swap
 #include <vector> // vector
 
@@ -523,8 +523,9 @@
 // to_json //
 /////////////
 
-template<typename BasicJsonType>
-void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t b) noexcept
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, enable_if_t<
+             std::is_same<T, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, T b) noexcept
 {
     external_constructor<value_t::boolean>::construct(j, b);
 }
@@ -672,7 +673,7 @@
          enable_if_t<is_unscoped_enum<UnscopedEnumType>::value, int> = 0>
 void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, UnscopedEnumType& e)
 {
-    typename std::underlying_type<UnscopedEnumType>::type val = e;
+    typename std::underlying_type<UnscopedEnumType>::type val;
     get_arithmetic_value(j, val);
     e = static_cast<UnscopedEnumType>(val);
 }
@@ -916,7 +917,7 @@
     @ref basic_json class (either explicit or via conversion operators).
 
     @param[in] j         JSON value to read from
-    @param[in, out] val  value to write to
+    @param[in,out] val  value to write to
     */
     template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ValueType>
     static void from_json(BasicJsonType&& j, ValueType& val) noexcept(
@@ -931,7 +932,7 @@
     This function is usually called by the constructors of the @ref basic_json
     class.
 
-    @param[in, out] j  JSON value to write to
+    @param[in,out] j  JSON value to write to
     @param[in] val     value to read from
     */
     template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ValueType>
@@ -1106,7 +1107,7 @@
     /*!
     @brief returns version information on the library
 
-    This function returns a JSON object with infiormation about the library,
+    This function returns a JSON object with information about the library,
     including the version number and information on the platform and compiler.
 
     @return JSON object holding version information
@@ -1135,10 +1136,10 @@
         result["url"] = "https://github.com/nlohmann/json";
         result["version"] =
         {
-            {"string", "2.1.0"},
+            {"string", "2.1.1"},
             {"major", 2},
             {"minor", 1},
-            {"patch", 0},
+            {"patch", 1}
         };
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
@@ -1746,7 +1747,7 @@
                 {
                     if (t == value_t::null)
                     {
-                        JSON_THROW(std::domain_error("961c151d2e87f2686a955a9be24d316f1362bf21 2.1.0")); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                        JSON_THROW(std::domain_error("961c151d2e87f2686a955a9be24d316f1362bf21 2.1.1")); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
                     }
                     break;
                 }
@@ -2646,14 +2647,6 @@
     string_t dump(const int indent = -1) const
     {
         std::stringstream ss;
-        // fix locale problems
-        ss.imbue(std::locale::classic());
-
-        // 6, 15 or 16 digits of precision allows round-trip IEEE 754
-        // string->float->string, string->double->string or string->long
-        // double->string; to be safe, we read this value from
-        // std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::digits10
-        ss.precision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10);
 
         if (indent >= 0)
         {
@@ -3036,10 +3029,8 @@
         {
             return m_value.boolean;
         }
-        else
-        {
-            JSON_THROW(std::domain_error("type must be boolean, but is " + type_name()));
-        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(std::domain_error("type must be boolean, but is " + type_name()));
     }
 
     /// get a pointer to the value (object)
@@ -3151,8 +3142,8 @@
             return *ptr;
         }
 
-        throw std::domain_error("incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is " +
-                                obj.type_name());
+        JSON_THROW(std::domain_error("incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is " +
+                                     obj.type_name()));
     }
 
   public:
@@ -3419,7 +3410,7 @@
     /*!
     @brief get a reference value (implicit)
 
-    Implict reference access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies
+    Implicit reference access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies
     are made.
 
     @warning Writing data to the referee of the result yields an undefined
@@ -3494,7 +3485,7 @@
     template < typename ValueType, typename std::enable_if <
                    not std::is_pointer<ValueType>::value and
                    not std::is_same<ValueType, typename string_t::value_type>::value
-#ifndef _MSC_VER  // fix for issue #167 operator<< abiguity under VS2015
+#ifndef _MSC_VER  // fix for issue #167 operator<< ambiguity under VS2015
                    and not std::is_same<ValueType, std::initializer_list<typename string_t::value_type>>::value
 #endif
                    , int >::type = 0 >
@@ -4287,7 +4278,7 @@
 
     @complexity The complexity depends on the type:
     - objects: amortized constant
-    - arrays: linear in distance between pos and the end of the container
+    - arrays: linear in distance between @a pos and the end of the container
     - strings: linear in the length of the string
     - other types: constant
 
@@ -5539,7 +5530,7 @@
     @throw std::domain_error if @a pos is not an iterator of *this; example:
     `"iterator does not fit current value"`
 
-    @complexity Constant plus linear in the distance between pos and end of
+    @complexity Constant plus linear in the distance between @a pos and end of
     the container.
 
     @liveexample{The example shows how `insert()` is used.,insert}
@@ -5965,34 +5956,24 @@
 
     /*!
     @brief comparison: equal
-
-    The functions compares the given JSON value against a null pointer. As the
-    null pointer can be used to initialize a JSON value to null, a comparison
-    of JSON value @a v with a null pointer should be equivalent to call
-    `v.is_null()`.
-
-    @param[in] v  JSON value to consider
-    @return whether @a v is null
-
-    @complexity Constant.
-
-    @liveexample{The example compares several JSON types to the null pointer.
-    ,operator__equal__nullptr_t}
-
-    @since version 1.0.0
+    @copydoc operator==(const_reference, const_reference)
     */
-    friend bool operator==(const_reference v, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator==(const_reference lhs, const ScalarType rhs) noexcept
     {
-        return v.is_null();
+        return (lhs == basic_json(rhs));
     }
 
     /*!
     @brief comparison: equal
-    @copydoc operator==(const_reference, std::nullptr_t)
+    @copydoc operator==(const_reference, const_reference)
     */
-    friend bool operator==(std::nullptr_t, const_reference v) noexcept
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator==(const ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
     {
-        return v.is_null();
+        return (basic_json(lhs) == rhs);
     }
 
     /*!
@@ -6018,34 +5999,24 @@
 
     /*!
     @brief comparison: not equal
-
-    The functions compares the given JSON value against a null pointer. As the
-    null pointer can be used to initialize a JSON value to null, a comparison
-    of JSON value @a v with a null pointer should be equivalent to call
-    `not v.is_null()`.
-
-    @param[in] v  JSON value to consider
-    @return whether @a v is not null
-
-    @complexity Constant.
-
-    @liveexample{The example compares several JSON types to the null pointer.
-    ,operator__notequal__nullptr_t}
-
-    @since version 1.0.0
+    @copydoc operator!=(const_reference, const_reference)
     */
-    friend bool operator!=(const_reference v, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator!=(const_reference lhs, const ScalarType rhs) noexcept
     {
-        return not v.is_null();
+        return (lhs != basic_json(rhs));
     }
 
     /*!
     @brief comparison: not equal
-    @copydoc operator!=(const_reference, std::nullptr_t)
+    @copydoc operator!=(const_reference, const_reference)
     */
-    friend bool operator!=(std::nullptr_t, const_reference v) noexcept
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator!=(const ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
     {
-        return not v.is_null();
+        return (basic_json(lhs) != rhs);
     }
 
     /*!
@@ -6236,10 +6207,6 @@
     `std::setw(4)` on @a o sets the indentation level to `4` and the
     serialization result is the same as calling `dump(4)`.
 
-    @note During serializaion, the locale and the precision of the output
-    stream @a o are changed. The original values are restored when the
-    function returns.
-
     @param[in,out] o  stream to serialize to
     @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
 
@@ -6261,22 +6228,9 @@
         // reset width to 0 for subsequent calls to this stream
         o.width(0);
 
-        // fix locale problems
-        const auto old_locale = o.imbue(std::locale::classic());
-        // set precision
-
-        // 6, 15 or 16 digits of precision allows round-trip IEEE 754
-        // string->float->string, string->double->string or string->long
-        // double->string; to be safe, we read this value from
-        // std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::digits10
-        const auto old_precision = o.precision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10);
-
         // do the actual serialization
         j.dump(o, pretty_print, static_cast<unsigned int>(indentation));
 
-        // reset locale and precision
-        o.imbue(old_locale);
-        o.precision(old_precision);
         return o;
     }
 
@@ -6583,6 +6537,11 @@
     /// @{
 
   private:
+    /*!
+    @note Some code in the switch cases has been copied, because otherwise
+          copilers would complain about implicit fallthrough and there is no
+          portable attribute to mute such warnings.
+    */
     template<typename T>
     static void add_to_vector(std::vector<uint8_t>& vec, size_t bytes, const T number)
     {
@@ -6592,24 +6551,31 @@
         {
             case 8:
             {
-                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 070) & 0xff));
-                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 060) & 0xff));
-                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 050) & 0xff));
-                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 040) & 0xff));
-                // intentional fall-through
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((static_cast<uint64_t>(number) >> 070) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((static_cast<uint64_t>(number) >> 060) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((static_cast<uint64_t>(number) >> 050) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((static_cast<uint64_t>(number) >> 040) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 030) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 020) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 010) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(number & 0xff));
+                break;
             }
 
             case 4:
             {
                 vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 030) & 0xff));
                 vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 020) & 0xff));
-                // intentional fall-through
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 010) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(number & 0xff));
+                break;
             }
 
             case 2:
             {
                 vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 010) & 0xff));
-                // intentional fall-through
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(number & 0xff));
+                break;
             }
 
             case 1:
@@ -6714,25 +6680,25 @@
                         // positive fixnum
                         add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT8_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max())
                     {
                         // uint 8
                         v.push_back(0xcc);
                         add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT16_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max())
                     {
                         // uint 16
                         v.push_back(0xcd);
                         add_to_vector(v, 2, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT32_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
                     {
                         // uint 32
                         v.push_back(0xce);
                         add_to_vector(v, 4, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT64_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max())
                     {
                         // uint 64
                         v.push_back(0xcf);
@@ -6746,25 +6712,25 @@
                         // negative fixnum
                         add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_integer);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= INT8_MIN and j.m_value.number_integer <= INT8_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::min() and j.m_value.number_integer <= std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::max())
                     {
                         // int 8
                         v.push_back(0xd0);
                         add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_integer);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= INT16_MIN and j.m_value.number_integer <= INT16_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::min() and j.m_value.number_integer <= std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::max())
                     {
                         // int 16
                         v.push_back(0xd1);
                         add_to_vector(v, 2, j.m_value.number_integer);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= INT32_MIN and j.m_value.number_integer <= INT32_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min() and j.m_value.number_integer <= std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max())
                     {
                         // int 32
                         v.push_back(0xd2);
                         add_to_vector(v, 4, j.m_value.number_integer);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= INT64_MIN and j.m_value.number_integer <= INT64_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min() and j.m_value.number_integer <= std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max())
                     {
                         // int 64
                         v.push_back(0xd3);
@@ -6781,25 +6747,25 @@
                     // positive fixnum
                     add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                 }
-                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT8_MAX)
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max())
                 {
                     // uint 8
                     v.push_back(0xcc);
                     add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                 }
-                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT16_MAX)
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max())
                 {
                     // uint 16
                     v.push_back(0xcd);
                     add_to_vector(v, 2, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                 }
-                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT32_MAX)
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
                 {
                     // uint 32
                     v.push_back(0xce);
                     add_to_vector(v, 4, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                 }
-                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT64_MAX)
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max())
                 {
                     // uint 64
                     v.push_back(0xcf);
@@ -6956,19 +6922,19 @@
                     {
                         add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_integer);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= UINT8_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max())
                     {
                         v.push_back(0x18);
                         // one-byte uint8_t
                         add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_integer);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= UINT16_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max())
                     {
                         v.push_back(0x19);
                         // two-byte uint16_t
                         add_to_vector(v, 2, j.m_value.number_integer);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= UINT32_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
                     {
                         v.push_back(0x1a);
                         // four-byte uint32_t
@@ -6990,19 +6956,19 @@
                     {
                         v.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x20 + positive_number));
                     }
-                    else if (positive_number <= UINT8_MAX)
+                    else if (positive_number <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max())
                     {
                         // int 8
                         v.push_back(0x38);
                         add_to_vector(v, 1, positive_number);
                     }
-                    else if (positive_number <= UINT16_MAX)
+                    else if (positive_number <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max())
                     {
                         // int 16
                         v.push_back(0x39);
                         add_to_vector(v, 2, positive_number);
                     }
-                    else if (positive_number <= UINT32_MAX)
+                    else if (positive_number <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
                     {
                         // int 32
                         v.push_back(0x3a);
@@ -7068,7 +7034,7 @@
                 const auto N = j.m_value.string->size();
                 if (N <= 0x17)
                 {
-                    v.push_back(0x60 + N);  // 1 byte for string + size
+                    v.push_back(0x60 + static_cast<uint8_t>(N));  // 1 byte for string + size
                 }
                 else if (N <= 0xff)
                 {
@@ -7104,7 +7070,7 @@
                 const auto N = j.m_value.array->size();
                 if (N <= 0x17)
                 {
-                    v.push_back(0x80 + N);  // 1 byte for array + size
+                    v.push_back(0x80 + static_cast<uint8_t>(N));  // 1 byte for array + size
                 }
                 else if (N <= 0xff)
                 {
@@ -7142,7 +7108,7 @@
                 const auto N = j.m_value.object->size();
                 if (N <= 0x17)
                 {
-                    v.push_back(0xa0 + N);  // 1 byte for object + size
+                    v.push_back(0xa0 + static_cast<uint8_t>(N));  // 1 byte for object + size
                 }
                 else if (N <= 0xff)
                 {
@@ -7911,7 +7877,9 @@
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    val = mant == 0 ? INFINITY : NAN;
+                    val = mant == 0
+                          ? std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()
+                          : std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
                 }
                 return (half & 0x8000) != 0 ? -val : val;
             }
@@ -7964,9 +7932,11 @@
     vector in MessagePack format.,to_msgpack}
 
     @sa http://msgpack.org
-    @sa @ref from_msgpack(const std::vector<uint8_t>&) for the analogous
-        deserialization
+    @sa @ref from_msgpack(const std::vector<uint8_t>&, const size_t) for the
+        analogous deserialization
     @sa @ref to_cbor(const basic_json& for the related CBOR format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9
     */
     static std::vector<uint8_t> to_msgpack(const basic_json& j)
     {
@@ -7982,6 +7952,7 @@
     serialization format.
 
     @param[in] v  a byte vector in MessagePack format
+    @param[in] start_index the index to start reading from @a v (0 by default)
     @return deserialized JSON value
 
     @throw std::invalid_argument if unsupported features from MessagePack were
@@ -7995,11 +7966,15 @@
 
     @sa http://msgpack.org
     @sa @ref to_msgpack(const basic_json&) for the analogous serialization
-    @sa @ref from_cbor(const std::vector<uint8_t>&) for the related CBOR format
+    @sa @ref from_cbor(const std::vector<uint8_t>&, const size_t) for the
+        related CBOR format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9, parameter @a start_index since 2.1.1
     */
-    static basic_json from_msgpack(const std::vector<uint8_t>& v)
+    static basic_json from_msgpack(const std::vector<uint8_t>& v,
+                                   const size_t start_index = 0)
     {
-        size_t i = 0;
+        size_t i = start_index;
         return from_msgpack_internal(v, i);
     }
 
@@ -8020,9 +7995,11 @@
     vector in CBOR format.,to_cbor}
 
     @sa http://cbor.io
-    @sa @ref from_cbor(const std::vector<uint8_t>&) for the analogous
-        deserialization
+    @sa @ref from_cbor(const std::vector<uint8_t>&, const size_t) for the
+        analogous deserialization
     @sa @ref to_msgpack(const basic_json& for the related MessagePack format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9
     */
     static std::vector<uint8_t> to_cbor(const basic_json& j)
     {
@@ -8038,6 +8015,7 @@
     (Concise Binary Object Representation) serialization format.
 
     @param[in] v  a byte vector in CBOR format
+    @param[in] start_index the index to start reading from @a v (0 by default)
     @return deserialized JSON value
 
     @throw std::invalid_argument if unsupported features from CBOR were used in
@@ -8051,12 +8029,15 @@
 
     @sa http://cbor.io
     @sa @ref to_cbor(const basic_json&) for the analogous serialization
-    @sa @ref from_msgpack(const std::vector<uint8_t>&) for the related
-        MessagePack format
+    @sa @ref from_msgpack(const std::vector<uint8_t>&, const size_t) for the
+        related MessagePack format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9, parameter @a start_index since 2.1.1
     */
-    static basic_json from_cbor(const std::vector<uint8_t>& v)
+    static basic_json from_cbor(const std::vector<uint8_t>& v,
+                                const size_t start_index = 0)
     {
-        size_t i = 0;
+        size_t i = start_index;
         return from_cbor_internal(v, i);
     }
 
@@ -8266,6 +8247,154 @@
         return result;
     }
 
+
+    /*!
+    @brief locale-independent serialization for built-in arithmetic types
+    */
+    struct numtostr
+    {
+      public:
+        template<typename NumberType>
+        numtostr(NumberType value)
+        {
+            x_write(value, std::is_integral<NumberType>());
+        }
+
+        const char* c_str() const
+        {
+            return m_buf.data();
+        }
+
+      private:
+        /// a (hopefully) large enough character buffer
+        std::array < char, 64 > m_buf{{}};
+
+        template<typename NumberType>
+        void x_write(NumberType x, /*is_integral=*/std::true_type)
+        {
+            // special case for "0"
+            if (x == 0)
+            {
+                m_buf[0] = '0';
+                return;
+            }
+
+            const bool is_negative = x < 0;
+            size_t i = 0;
+
+            // spare 1 byte for '\0'
+            while (x != 0 and i < m_buf.size() - 1)
+            {
+                const auto digit = std::labs(static_cast<long>(x % 10));
+                m_buf[i++] = static_cast<char>('0' + digit);
+                x /= 10;
+            }
+
+            // make sure the number has been processed completely
+            assert(x == 0);
+
+            if (is_negative)
+            {
+                // make sure there is capacity for the '-'
+                assert(i < m_buf.size() - 2);
+                m_buf[i++] = '-';
+            }
+
+            std::reverse(m_buf.begin(), m_buf.begin() + i);
+        }
+
+        template<typename NumberType>
+        void x_write(NumberType x, /*is_integral=*/std::false_type)
+        {
+            // special case for 0.0 and -0.0
+            if (x == 0)
+            {
+                size_t i = 0;
+                if (std::signbit(x))
+                {
+                    m_buf[i++] = '-';
+                }
+                m_buf[i++] = '0';
+                m_buf[i++] = '.';
+                m_buf[i] = '0';
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // get number of digits for a text -> float -> text round-trip
+            static constexpr auto d = std::numeric_limits<NumberType>::digits10;
+
+            // the actual conversion
+            const auto written_bytes = snprintf(m_buf.data(), m_buf.size(), "%.*g", d, x);
+
+            // negative value indicates an error
+            assert(written_bytes > 0);
+            // check if buffer was large enough
+            assert(static_cast<size_t>(written_bytes) < m_buf.size());
+
+            // read information from locale
+            const auto loc = localeconv();
+            assert(loc != nullptr);
+            const char thousands_sep = !loc->thousands_sep ? '\0'
+                                       : loc->thousands_sep[0];
+
+            const char decimal_point = !loc->decimal_point ? '\0'
+                                       : loc->decimal_point[0];
+
+            // erase thousands separator
+            if (thousands_sep != '\0')
+            {
+                const auto end = std::remove(m_buf.begin(), m_buf.begin() + written_bytes, thousands_sep);
+                std::fill(end, m_buf.end(), '\0');
+            }
+
+            // convert decimal point to '.'
+            if (decimal_point != '\0' and decimal_point != '.')
+            {
+                for (auto& c : m_buf)
+                {
+                    if (c == decimal_point)
+                    {
+                        c = '.';
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // determine if need to append ".0"
+            size_t i = 0;
+            bool value_is_int_like = true;
+            for (i = 0; i < m_buf.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                // break when end of number is reached
+                if (m_buf[i] == '\0')
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // check if we find non-int character
+                value_is_int_like = value_is_int_like and m_buf[i] != '.' and
+                                    m_buf[i] != 'e' and m_buf[i] != 'E';
+            }
+
+            if (value_is_int_like)
+            {
+                // there must be 2 bytes left for ".0"
+                assert((i + 2) < m_buf.size());
+                // we write to the end of the number
+                assert(m_buf[i] == '\0');
+                assert(m_buf[i - 1] != '\0');
+
+                // add ".0"
+                m_buf[i] = '.';
+                m_buf[i + 1] = '0';
+
+                // the resulting string is properly terminated
+                assert(m_buf[i + 2] == '\0');
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+
     /*!
     @brief internal implementation of the serialization function
 
@@ -8385,27 +8514,19 @@
 
             case value_t::number_integer:
             {
-                o << m_value.number_integer;
+                o << numtostr(m_value.number_integer).c_str();
                 return;
             }
 
             case value_t::number_unsigned:
             {
-                o << m_value.number_unsigned;
+                o << numtostr(m_value.number_unsigned).c_str();
                 return;
             }
 
             case value_t::number_float:
             {
-                if (m_value.number_float == 0)
-                {
-                    // special case for zero to get "0.0"/"-0.0"
-                    o << (std::signbit(m_value.number_float) ? "-0.0" : "0.0");
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    o << m_value.number_float;
-                }
+                o << numtostr(m_value.number_float).c_str();
                 return;
             }
 
@@ -8534,10 +8655,11 @@
             return *this;
         }
 
-        primitive_iterator_t& operator++(int)
+        primitive_iterator_t operator++(int)
         {
+            auto result = *this;
             m_it++;
-            return *this;
+            return result;
         }
 
         primitive_iterator_t& operator--()
@@ -8546,10 +8668,11 @@
             return *this;
         }
 
-        primitive_iterator_t& operator--(int)
+        primitive_iterator_t operator--(int)
         {
+            auto result = *this;
             m_it--;
-            return *this;
+            return result;
         }
 
         primitive_iterator_t& operator+=(difference_type n)
@@ -9444,7 +9567,9 @@
             literal_false,   ///< the `false` literal
             literal_null,    ///< the `null` literal
             value_string,    ///< a string -- use get_string() for actual value
-            value_number,    ///< a number -- use get_number() for actual value
+            value_unsigned,  ///< an unsigned integer -- use get_number() for actual value
+            value_integer,   ///< a signed integer -- use get_number() for actual value
+            value_float,     ///< an floating point number -- use get_number() for actual value
             begin_array,     ///< the character for array begin `[`
             begin_object,    ///< the character for object begin `{`
             end_array,       ///< the character for array end `]`
@@ -9596,7 +9721,9 @@
                     return "null literal";
                 case token_type::value_string:
                     return "string literal";
-                case token_type::value_number:
+                case lexer::token_type::value_unsigned:
+                case lexer::token_type::value_integer:
+                case lexer::token_type::value_float:
                     return "number literal";
                 case token_type::begin_array:
                     return "'['";
@@ -9869,37 +9996,47 @@
                     }
                     if (yych <= '0')
                     {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_13;
+                        goto basic_json_parser_43;
                     }
                     if (yych <= '9')
                     {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_15;
+                        goto basic_json_parser_45;
                     }
                     goto basic_json_parser_5;
 basic_json_parser_13:
                     yyaccept = 1;
                     yych = *(m_marker = ++m_cursor);
-                    if (yych <= 'D')
+                    if (yych <= '9')
                     {
                         if (yych == '.')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_43;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_47;
+                        }
+                        if (yych >= '0')
+                        {
+                            goto basic_json_parser_48;
                         }
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         if (yych <= 'E')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_44;
+                            if (yych >= 'E')
+                            {
+                                goto basic_json_parser_51;
+                            }
                         }
-                        if (yych == 'e')
+                        else
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_44;
+                            if (yych == 'e')
+                            {
+                                goto basic_json_parser_51;
+                            }
                         }
                     }
 basic_json_parser_14:
                     {
-                        last_token_type = token_type::value_number;
+                        last_token_type = token_type::value_unsigned;
                         break;
                     }
 basic_json_parser_15:
@@ -9918,7 +10055,7 @@
                     {
                         if (yych == '.')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_43;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_47;
                         }
                         goto basic_json_parser_14;
                     }
@@ -9926,11 +10063,11 @@
                     {
                         if (yych <= 'E')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_44;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_51;
                         }
                         if (yych == 'e')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_44;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_51;
                         }
                         goto basic_json_parser_14;
                     }
@@ -9957,7 +10094,7 @@
                     yych = *(m_marker = ++m_cursor);
                     if (yych == 'a')
                     {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_45;
+                        goto basic_json_parser_52;
                     }
                     goto basic_json_parser_5;
 basic_json_parser_24:
@@ -9965,7 +10102,7 @@
                     yych = *(m_marker = ++m_cursor);
                     if (yych == 'u')
                     {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_46;
+                        goto basic_json_parser_53;
                     }
                     goto basic_json_parser_5;
 basic_json_parser_25:
@@ -9973,7 +10110,7 @@
                     yych = *(m_marker = ++m_cursor);
                     if (yych == 'r')
                     {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_47;
+                        goto basic_json_parser_54;
                     }
                     goto basic_json_parser_5;
 basic_json_parser_26:
@@ -10055,13 +10192,27 @@
                     }
 basic_json_parser_32:
                     m_cursor = m_marker;
-                    if (yyaccept == 0)
+                    if (yyaccept <= 1)
                     {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_5;
+                        if (yyaccept == 0)
+                        {
+                            goto basic_json_parser_5;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            goto basic_json_parser_14;
+                        }
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_14;
+                        if (yyaccept == 2)
+                        {
+                            goto basic_json_parser_44;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            goto basic_json_parser_58;
+                        }
                     }
 basic_json_parser_33:
                     ++m_cursor;
@@ -10142,7 +10293,7 @@
                                 }
                                 if (yych <= 'u')
                                 {
-                                    goto basic_json_parser_48;
+                                    goto basic_json_parser_55;
                                 }
                                 goto basic_json_parser_32;
                             }
@@ -10261,6 +10412,81 @@
                     }
                     goto basic_json_parser_32;
 basic_json_parser_43:
+                    yyaccept = 2;
+                    yych = *(m_marker = ++m_cursor);
+                    if (yych <= '9')
+                    {
+                        if (yych == '.')
+                        {
+                            goto basic_json_parser_47;
+                        }
+                        if (yych >= '0')
+                        {
+                            goto basic_json_parser_48;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (yych <= 'E')
+                        {
+                            if (yych >= 'E')
+                            {
+                                goto basic_json_parser_51;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (yych == 'e')
+                            {
+                                goto basic_json_parser_51;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+basic_json_parser_44:
+                    {
+                        last_token_type = token_type::value_integer;
+                        break;
+                    }
+basic_json_parser_45:
+                    yyaccept = 2;
+                    m_marker = ++m_cursor;
+                    if ((m_limit - m_cursor) < 3)
+                    {
+                        fill_line_buffer(3);    // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                    }
+                    yych = *m_cursor;
+                    if (yych <= '9')
+                    {
+                        if (yych == '.')
+                        {
+                            goto basic_json_parser_47;
+                        }
+                        if (yych <= '/')
+                        {
+                            goto basic_json_parser_44;
+                        }
+                        goto basic_json_parser_45;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (yych <= 'E')
+                        {
+                            if (yych <= 'D')
+                            {
+                                goto basic_json_parser_44;
+                            }
+                            goto basic_json_parser_51;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (yych == 'e')
+                            {
+                                goto basic_json_parser_51;
+                            }
+                            goto basic_json_parser_44;
+                        }
+                    }
+basic_json_parser_47:
                     yych = *++m_cursor;
                     if (yych <= '/')
                     {
@@ -10268,53 +10494,6 @@
                     }
                     if (yych <= '9')
                     {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_49;
-                    }
-                    goto basic_json_parser_32;
-basic_json_parser_44:
-                    yych = *++m_cursor;
-                    if (yych <= ',')
-                    {
-                        if (yych == '+')
-                        {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_51;
-                        }
-                        goto basic_json_parser_32;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (yych <= '-')
-                        {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_51;
-                        }
-                        if (yych <= '/')
-                        {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_32;
-                        }
-                        if (yych <= '9')
-                        {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_52;
-                        }
-                        goto basic_json_parser_32;
-                    }
-basic_json_parser_45:
-                    yych = *++m_cursor;
-                    if (yych == 'l')
-                    {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_54;
-                    }
-                    goto basic_json_parser_32;
-basic_json_parser_46:
-                    yych = *++m_cursor;
-                    if (yych == 'l')
-                    {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_55;
-                    }
-                    goto basic_json_parser_32;
-basic_json_parser_47:
-                    yych = *++m_cursor;
-                    if (yych == 'u')
-                    {
                         goto basic_json_parser_56;
                     }
                     goto basic_json_parser_32;
@@ -10325,6 +10504,73 @@
                         fill_line_buffer(1);    // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
                     }
                     yych = *m_cursor;
+                    if (yych <= '/')
+                    {
+                        goto basic_json_parser_50;
+                    }
+                    if (yych <= '9')
+                    {
+                        goto basic_json_parser_48;
+                    }
+basic_json_parser_50:
+                    {
+                        last_token_type = token_type::parse_error;
+                        break;
+                    }
+basic_json_parser_51:
+                    yych = *++m_cursor;
+                    if (yych <= ',')
+                    {
+                        if (yych == '+')
+                        {
+                            goto basic_json_parser_59;
+                        }
+                        goto basic_json_parser_32;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (yych <= '-')
+                        {
+                            goto basic_json_parser_59;
+                        }
+                        if (yych <= '/')
+                        {
+                            goto basic_json_parser_32;
+                        }
+                        if (yych <= '9')
+                        {
+                            goto basic_json_parser_60;
+                        }
+                        goto basic_json_parser_32;
+                    }
+basic_json_parser_52:
+                    yych = *++m_cursor;
+                    if (yych == 'l')
+                    {
+                        goto basic_json_parser_62;
+                    }
+                    goto basic_json_parser_32;
+basic_json_parser_53:
+                    yych = *++m_cursor;
+                    if (yych == 'l')
+                    {
+                        goto basic_json_parser_63;
+                    }
+                    goto basic_json_parser_32;
+basic_json_parser_54:
+                    yych = *++m_cursor;
+                    if (yych == 'u')
+                    {
+                        goto basic_json_parser_64;
+                    }
+                    goto basic_json_parser_32;
+basic_json_parser_55:
+                    ++m_cursor;
+                    if (m_limit <= m_cursor)
+                    {
+                        fill_line_buffer(1);    // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                    }
+                    yych = *m_cursor;
                     if (yych <= '@')
                     {
                         if (yych <= '/')
@@ -10333,7 +10579,7 @@
                         }
                         if (yych <= '9')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_57;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_65;
                         }
                         goto basic_json_parser_32;
                     }
@@ -10341,7 +10587,7 @@
                     {
                         if (yych <= 'F')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_57;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_65;
                         }
                         if (yych <= '`')
                         {
@@ -10349,12 +10595,12 @@
                         }
                         if (yych <= 'f')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_57;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_65;
                         }
                         goto basic_json_parser_32;
                     }
-basic_json_parser_49:
-                    yyaccept = 1;
+basic_json_parser_56:
+                    yyaccept = 3;
                     m_marker = ++m_cursor;
                     if ((m_limit - m_cursor) < 3)
                     {
@@ -10365,27 +10611,30 @@
                     {
                         if (yych <= '/')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_14;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_58;
                         }
                         if (yych <= '9')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_49;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_56;
                         }
-                        goto basic_json_parser_14;
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         if (yych <= 'E')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_44;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_51;
                         }
                         if (yych == 'e')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_44;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_51;
                         }
-                        goto basic_json_parser_14;
                     }
-basic_json_parser_51:
+basic_json_parser_58:
+                    {
+                        last_token_type = token_type::value_float;
+                        break;
+                    }
+basic_json_parser_59:
                     yych = *++m_cursor;
                     if (yych <= '/')
                     {
@@ -10395,7 +10644,7 @@
                     {
                         goto basic_json_parser_32;
                     }
-basic_json_parser_52:
+basic_json_parser_60:
                     ++m_cursor;
                     if (m_limit <= m_cursor)
                     {
@@ -10404,35 +10653,35 @@
                     yych = *m_cursor;
                     if (yych <= '/')
                     {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_14;
+                        goto basic_json_parser_58;
                     }
                     if (yych <= '9')
                     {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_52;
+                        goto basic_json_parser_60;
                     }
-                    goto basic_json_parser_14;
-basic_json_parser_54:
+                    goto basic_json_parser_58;
+basic_json_parser_62:
                     yych = *++m_cursor;
                     if (yych == 's')
                     {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_58;
+                        goto basic_json_parser_66;
                     }
                     goto basic_json_parser_32;
-basic_json_parser_55:
+basic_json_parser_63:
                     yych = *++m_cursor;
                     if (yych == 'l')
                     {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_59;
+                        goto basic_json_parser_67;
                     }
                     goto basic_json_parser_32;
-basic_json_parser_56:
+basic_json_parser_64:
                     yych = *++m_cursor;
                     if (yych == 'e')
                     {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_61;
+                        goto basic_json_parser_69;
                     }
                     goto basic_json_parser_32;
-basic_json_parser_57:
+basic_json_parser_65:
                     ++m_cursor;
                     if (m_limit <= m_cursor)
                     {
@@ -10447,7 +10696,7 @@
                         }
                         if (yych <= '9')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_63;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_71;
                         }
                         goto basic_json_parser_32;
                     }
@@ -10455,7 +10704,7 @@
                     {
                         if (yych <= 'F')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_63;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_71;
                         }
                         if (yych <= '`')
                         {
@@ -10463,30 +10712,30 @@
                         }
                         if (yych <= 'f')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_63;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_71;
                         }
                         goto basic_json_parser_32;
                     }
-basic_json_parser_58:
+basic_json_parser_66:
                     yych = *++m_cursor;
                     if (yych == 'e')
                     {
-                        goto basic_json_parser_64;
+                        goto basic_json_parser_72;
                     }
                     goto basic_json_parser_32;
-basic_json_parser_59:
+basic_json_parser_67:
                     ++m_cursor;
                     {
                         last_token_type = token_type::literal_null;
                         break;
                     }
-basic_json_parser_61:
+basic_json_parser_69:
                     ++m_cursor;
                     {
                         last_token_type = token_type::literal_true;
                         break;
                     }
-basic_json_parser_63:
+basic_json_parser_71:
                     ++m_cursor;
                     if (m_limit <= m_cursor)
                     {
@@ -10501,7 +10750,7 @@
                         }
                         if (yych <= '9')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_66;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_74;
                         }
                         goto basic_json_parser_32;
                     }
@@ -10509,7 +10758,7 @@
                     {
                         if (yych <= 'F')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_66;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_74;
                         }
                         if (yych <= '`')
                         {
@@ -10517,17 +10766,17 @@
                         }
                         if (yych <= 'f')
                         {
-                            goto basic_json_parser_66;
+                            goto basic_json_parser_74;
                         }
                         goto basic_json_parser_32;
                     }
-basic_json_parser_64:
+basic_json_parser_72:
                     ++m_cursor;
                     {
                         last_token_type = token_type::literal_false;
                         break;
                     }
-basic_json_parser_66:
+basic_json_parser_74:
                     ++m_cursor;
                     if (m_limit <= m_cursor)
                     {
@@ -10624,7 +10873,7 @@
             if (m_stream == nullptr or m_stream->eof())
             {
                 // m_start may or may not be pointing into m_line_buffer at
-                // this point. We trust the standand library to do the right
+                // this point. We trust the standard library to do the right
                 // thing. See http://stackoverflow.com/q/28142011/266378
                 m_line_buffer.assign(m_start, m_limit);
 
@@ -10712,7 +10961,7 @@
         m_start + 1 + x < m_cursor - 1 must hold to loop indefinitely. This
         can be rephrased to m_cursor - m_start - 2 > x. With the
         precondition, we x <= 0, meaning that the loop condition holds
-        indefinitly if i is always decreased. However, observe that the value
+        indefinitely if i is always decreased. However, observe that the value
         of i is strictly increasing with each iteration, as it is incremented
         by 1 in the iteration expression and never decremented inside the loop
         body. Hence, the loop condition will eventually be false which
@@ -10838,59 +11087,155 @@
             return result;
         }
 
-        /*!
-        @brief parse floating point number
-
-        This function (and its overloads) serves to select the most approprate
-        standard floating point number parsing function based on the type
-        supplied via the first parameter.  Set this to @a
-        static_cast<number_float_t*>(nullptr).
-
-        @param[in,out] endptr recieves a pointer to the first character after
-        the number
-
-        @return the floating point number
-        */
-        long double str_to_float_t(long double* /* type */, char** endptr) const
-        {
-            return std::strtold(reinterpret_cast<typename string_t::const_pointer>(m_start), endptr);
-        }
 
         /*!
-        @brief parse floating point number
+        @brief parse string into a built-in arithmetic type as if the current
+               locale is POSIX.
 
-        This function (and its overloads) serves to select the most approprate
-        standard floating point number parsing function based on the type
-        supplied via the first parameter.  Set this to @a
-        static_cast<number_float_t*>(nullptr).
+        @note in floating-point case strtod may parse past the token's end -
+              this is not an error
 
-        @param[in,out] endptr  recieves a pointer to the first character after
-        the number
-
-        @return the floating point number
+        @note any leading blanks are not handled
         */
-        double str_to_float_t(double* /* type */, char** endptr) const
+        struct strtonum
         {
-            return std::strtod(reinterpret_cast<typename string_t::const_pointer>(m_start), endptr);
-        }
+          public:
+            strtonum(const char* start, const char* end)
+                : m_start(start), m_end(end)
+            {}
 
-        /*!
-        @brief parse floating point number
+            /*!
+            @return true iff parsed successfully as number of type T
 
-        This function (and its overloads) serves to select the most approprate
-        standard floating point number parsing function based on the type
-        supplied via the first parameter.  Set this to @a
-        static_cast<number_float_t*>(nullptr).
+            @param[in,out] val shall contain parsed value, or undefined value
+            if could not parse
+            */
+            template<typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value>::type>
+            bool to(T& val) const
+            {
+                return parse(val, std::is_integral<T>());
+            }
 
-        @param[in,out] endptr  recieves a pointer to the first character after
-        the number
+          private:
+            const char* const m_start = nullptr;
+            const char* const m_end = nullptr;
 
-        @return the floating point number
-        */
-        float str_to_float_t(float* /* type */, char** endptr) const
-        {
-            return std::strtof(reinterpret_cast<typename string_t::const_pointer>(m_start), endptr);
-        }
+            // floating-point conversion
+
+            // overloaded wrappers for strtod/strtof/strtold
+            // that will be called from parse<floating_point_t>
+            static void strtof(float& f, const char* str, char** endptr)
+            {
+                f = std::strtof(str, endptr);
+            }
+
+            static void strtof(double& f, const char* str, char** endptr)
+            {
+                f = std::strtod(str, endptr);
+            }
+
+            static void strtof(long double& f, const char* str, char** endptr)
+            {
+                f = std::strtold(str, endptr);
+            }
+
+            template<typename T>
+            bool parse(T& value, /*is_integral=*/std::false_type) const
+            {
+                // replace decimal separator with locale-specific version,
+                // when necessary; data will point to either the original
+                // string, or buf, or tempstr containing the fixed string.
+                std::string tempstr;
+                std::array<char, 64> buf;
+                const size_t len = static_cast<size_t>(m_end - m_start);
+
+                // lexer will reject empty numbers
+                assert(len > 0);
+
+                // since dealing with strtod family of functions, we're
+                // getting the decimal point char from the C locale facilities
+                // instead of C++'s numpunct facet of the current std::locale
+                const auto loc = localeconv();
+                assert(loc != nullptr);
+                const char decimal_point_char = (loc->decimal_point == nullptr) ? '.' : loc->decimal_point[0];
+
+                const char* data = m_start;
+
+                if (decimal_point_char != '.')
+                {
+                    const size_t ds_pos = static_cast<size_t>(std::find(m_start, m_end, '.') - m_start);
+
+                    if (ds_pos != len)
+                    {
+                        // copy the data into the local buffer or tempstr, if
+                        // buffer is too small; replace decimal separator, and
+                        // update data to point to the modified bytes
+                        if ((len + 1) < buf.size())
+                        {
+                            std::copy(m_start, m_end, buf.begin());
+                            buf[len] = 0;
+                            buf[ds_pos] = decimal_point_char;
+                            data = buf.data();
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            tempstr.assign(m_start, m_end);
+                            tempstr[ds_pos] = decimal_point_char;
+                            data = tempstr.c_str();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                char* endptr = nullptr;
+                value = 0;
+                // this calls appropriate overload depending on T
+                strtof(value, data, &endptr);
+
+                // parsing was successful iff strtof parsed exactly the number
+                // of characters determined by the lexer (len)
+                const bool ok = (endptr == (data + len));
+
+                if (ok and (value == static_cast<T>(0.0)) and (*data == '-'))
+                {
+                    // some implementations forget to negate the zero
+                    value = -0.0;
+                }
+
+                return ok;
+            }
+
+            // integral conversion
+
+            signed long long parse_integral(char** endptr, /*is_signed*/std::true_type) const
+            {
+                return std::strtoll(m_start, endptr, 10);
+            }
+
+            unsigned long long parse_integral(char** endptr, /*is_signed*/std::false_type) const
+            {
+                return std::strtoull(m_start, endptr, 10);
+            }
+
+            template<typename T>
+            bool parse(T& value, /*is_integral=*/std::true_type) const
+            {
+                char* endptr = nullptr;
+                errno = 0; // these are thread-local
+                const auto x = parse_integral(&endptr, std::is_signed<T>());
+
+                // called right overload?
+                static_assert(std::is_signed<T>() == std::is_signed<decltype(x)>(), "");
+
+                value = static_cast<T>(x);
+
+                return (x == static_cast<decltype(x)>(value)) // x fits into destination T
+                       and (x < 0) == (value < 0)             // preserved sign
+                       //and ((x != 0) or is_integral())        // strto[u]ll did nto fail
+                       and (errno == 0)                       // strto[u]ll did not overflow
+                       and (m_start < m_end)                  // token was not empty
+                       and (endptr == m_end);                 // parsed entire token exactly
+            }
+        };
 
         /*!
         @brief return number value for number tokens
@@ -10899,125 +11244,84 @@
         number type (either integer, unsigned integer or floating point),
         which is passed back to the caller via the result parameter.
 
-        This function parses the integer component up to the radix point or
-        exponent while collecting information about the 'floating point
-        representation', which it stores in the result parameter. If there is
-        no radix point or exponent, and the number can fit into a @ref
-        number_integer_t or @ref number_unsigned_t then it sets the result
-        parameter accordingly.
+        integral numbers that don't fit into the the range of the respective
+        type are parsed as number_float_t
 
-        If the number is a floating point number the number is then parsed
-        using @a std:strtod (or @a std:strtof or @a std::strtold).
+        floating-point values do not satisfy std::isfinite predicate
+        are converted to value_t::null
 
-        @param[out] result  @ref basic_json object to receive the number, or
-        NAN if the conversion read past the current token. The latter case
-        needs to be treated by the caller function.
+        throws if the entire string [m_start .. m_cursor) cannot be
+        interpreted as a number
+
+        @param[out] result  @ref basic_json object to receive the number.
+        @param[in]  token   the type of the number token
         */
-        void get_number(basic_json& result) const
+        bool get_number(basic_json& result, const token_type token) const
         {
             assert(m_start != nullptr);
+            assert(m_start < m_cursor);
+            assert((token == token_type::value_unsigned) or
+                   (token == token_type::value_integer) or
+                   (token == token_type::value_float));
 
-            const lexer::lexer_char_t* curptr = m_start;
+            strtonum num_converter(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(m_start),
+                                   reinterpret_cast<const char*>(m_cursor));
 
-            // accumulate the integer conversion result (unsigned for now)
-            number_unsigned_t value = 0;
-
-            // maximum absolute value of the relevant integer type
-            number_unsigned_t max;
-
-            // temporarily store the type to avoid unecessary bitfield access
-            value_t type;
-
-            // look for sign
-            if (*curptr == '-')
+            switch (token)
             {
-                type = value_t::number_integer;
-                max = static_cast<uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<number_integer_t>::max)()) + 1;
-                curptr++;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                type = value_t::number_unsigned;
-                max = static_cast<uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<number_unsigned_t>::max)());
-            }
-
-            // count the significant figures
-            for (; curptr < m_cursor; curptr++)
-            {
-                // quickly skip tests if a digit
-                if (*curptr < '0' or* curptr > '9')
+                case lexer::token_type::value_unsigned:
                 {
-                    if (*curptr == '.')
+                    number_unsigned_t val;
+                    if (num_converter.to(val))
                     {
-                        // don't count '.' but change to float
-                        type = value_t::number_float;
-                        continue;
+                        // parsing successful
+                        result.m_type = value_t::number_unsigned;
+                        result.m_value = val;
+                        return true;
                     }
-                    // assume exponent (if not then will fail parse): change to
-                    // float, stop counting and record exponent details
-                    type = value_t::number_float;
                     break;
                 }
 
-                // skip if definitely not an integer
-                if (type != value_t::number_float)
+                case lexer::token_type::value_integer:
                 {
-                    auto digit = static_cast<number_unsigned_t>(*curptr - '0');
-
-                    // overflow if value * 10 + digit > max, move terms around
-                    // to avoid overflow in intermediate values
-                    if (value > (max - digit) / 10)
+                    number_integer_t val;
+                    if (num_converter.to(val))
                     {
-                        // overflow
-                        type = value_t::number_float;
+                        // parsing successful
+                        result.m_type = value_t::number_integer;
+                        result.m_value = val;
+                        return true;
                     }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        // no overflow
-                        value = value * 10 + digit;
-                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                default:
+                {
+                    break;
                 }
             }
 
-            // save the value (if not a float)
-            if (type == value_t::number_unsigned)
+            // parse float (either explicitly or because a previous conversion
+            // failed)
+            number_float_t val;
+            if (num_converter.to(val))
             {
-                result.m_value.number_unsigned = value;
-            }
-            else if (type == value_t::number_integer)
-            {
-                // invariant: if we parsed a '-', the absolute value is between
-                // 0 (we allow -0) and max == -INT64_MIN
-                assert(value >= 0);
-                assert(value <= max);
-
-                if (value == max)
-                {
-                    // we cannot simply negate value (== max == -INT64_MIN),
-                    // see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/389
-                    result.m_value.number_integer = static_cast<number_integer_t>(INT64_MIN);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    // all other values can be negated safely
-                    result.m_value.number_integer = -static_cast<number_integer_t>(value);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // parse with strtod
-                result.m_value.number_float = str_to_float_t(static_cast<number_float_t*>(nullptr), nullptr);
+                // parsing successful
+                result.m_type = value_t::number_float;
+                result.m_value = val;
 
                 // replace infinity and NAN by null
                 if (not std::isfinite(result.m_value.number_float))
                 {
-                    type = value_t::null;
+                    result.m_type  = value_t::null;
                     result.m_value = basic_json::json_value();
                 }
+
+                return true;
             }
 
-            // save the type
-            result.m_type = type;
+            // couldn't parse number in any format
+            return false;
         }
 
       private:
@@ -11261,9 +11565,11 @@
                     break;
                 }
 
-                case lexer::token_type::value_number:
+                case lexer::token_type::value_unsigned:
+                case lexer::token_type::value_integer:
+                case lexer::token_type::value_float:
                 {
-                    m_lexer.get_number(result);
+                    m_lexer.get_number(result, last_token);
                     get_token();
                     break;
                 }
@@ -11558,7 +11864,7 @@
 
                         if (reference_token == "-")
                         {
-                            // explicityly treat "-" as index beyond the end
+                            // explicitly treat "-" as index beyond the end
                             ptr = &ptr->operator[](ptr->m_value.array->size());
                         }
                         else
@@ -11597,9 +11903,9 @@
                         if (reference_token == "-")
                         {
                             // "-" always fails the range check
-                            throw std::out_of_range("array index '-' (" +
-                                                    std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
-                                                    ") is out of range");
+                            JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("array index '-' (" +
+                                                         std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
+                                                         ") is out of range"));
                         }
 
                         // error condition (cf. RFC 6901, Sect. 4)
@@ -11649,9 +11955,9 @@
                         if (reference_token == "-")
                         {
                             // "-" cannot be used for const access
-                            throw std::out_of_range("array index '-' (" +
-                                                    std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
-                                                    ") is out of range");
+                            JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("array index '-' (" +
+                                                         std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
+                                                         ") is out of range"));
                         }
 
                         // error condition (cf. RFC 6901, Sect. 4)
@@ -11693,9 +11999,9 @@
                         if (reference_token == "-")
                         {
                             // "-" always fails the range check
-                            throw std::out_of_range("array index '-' (" +
-                                                    std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
-                                                    ") is out of range");
+                            JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("array index '-' (" +
+                                                         std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
+                                                         ") is out of range"));
                         }
 
                         // error condition (cf. RFC 6901, Sect. 4)
@@ -12065,7 +12371,7 @@
     primitive. The original JSON value can be restored using the @ref
     unflatten() function.
 
-    @return an object that maps JSON pointers to primitve values
+    @return an object that maps JSON pointers to primitive values
 
     @note Empty objects and arrays are flattened to `null` and will not be
           reconstructed correctly by the @ref unflatten() function.
@@ -12132,7 +12438,7 @@
 
     [JSON Patch](http://jsonpatch.com) defines a JSON document structure for
     expressing a sequence of operations to apply to a JSON) document. With
-    this funcion, a JSON Patch is applied to the current JSON value by
+    this function, a JSON Patch is applied to the current JSON value by
     executing all operations from the patch.
 
     @param[in] json_patch  JSON patch document
@@ -12300,7 +12606,7 @@
             JSON_THROW(std::invalid_argument("JSON patch must be an array of objects"));
         }
 
-        // iterate and apply th eoperations
+        // iterate and apply the operations
         for (const auto& val : json_patch)
         {
             // wrapper to get a value for an operation
@@ -12439,8 +12745,8 @@
     @note Currently, only `remove`, `add`, and `replace` operations are
           generated.
 
-    @param[in] source  JSON value to copare from
-    @param[in] target  JSON value to copare against
+    @param[in] source  JSON value to compare from
+    @param[in] target  JSON value to compare against
     @param[in] path    helper value to create JSON pointers
 
     @return a JSON patch to convert the @a source to @a target
@@ -12689,9 +12995,9 @@
 #endif
 
 // clean up
-#undef JSON_THROW
-#undef JSON_TRY
 #undef JSON_CATCH
 #undef JSON_DEPRECATED
+#undef JSON_THROW
+#undef JSON_TRY
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/json.hpp.re2c b/src/json.hpp.re2c
index 068b876..a42daba 100644
--- a/src/json.hpp.re2c
+++ b/src/json.hpp.re2c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -29,22 +29,22 @@
 #ifndef NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP
 #define NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP
 
-#include <algorithm> // all_of, for_each, transform
+#include <algorithm> // all_of, copy, fill, find, for_each, none_of, remove, reverse, transform
 #include <array> // array
 #include <cassert> // assert
 #include <cctype> // isdigit
 #include <ciso646> // and, not, or
-#include <cmath> // isfinite, ldexp, signbit
+#include <cmath> // isfinite, labs, ldexp, signbit
 #include <cstddef> // nullptr_t, ptrdiff_t, size_t
 #include <cstdint> // int64_t, uint64_t
-#include <cstdlib> // strtod, strtof, strtold, strtoul
+#include <cstdlib> // abort, strtod, strtof, strtold, strtoul, strtoll, strtoull
 #include <cstring> // strlen
 #include <forward_list> // forward_list
 #include <functional> // function, hash, less
 #include <initializer_list> // initializer_list
 #include <iomanip> // setw
 #include <iostream> // istream, ostream
-#include <iterator> // advance, begin, bidirectional_iterator_tag, distance, end, inserter, iterator, iterator_traits, next, random_access_iterator_tag, reverse_iterator
+#include <iterator> // advance, begin, back_inserter, bidirectional_iterator_tag, distance, end, inserter, iterator, iterator_traits, next, random_access_iterator_tag, reverse_iterator
 #include <limits> // numeric_limits
 #include <locale> // locale
 #include <map> // map
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 #include <sstream> // stringstream
 #include <stdexcept> // domain_error, invalid_argument, out_of_range
 #include <string> // getline, stoi, string, to_string
-#include <type_traits> // add_pointer, enable_if, is_arithmetic, is_base_of, is_const, is_constructible, is_convertible, is_floating_point, is_integral, is_nothrow_move_assignable, std::is_nothrow_move_constructible, std::is_pointer, std::is_reference, std::is_same, remove_const, remove_pointer, remove_reference
+#include <type_traits> // add_pointer, conditional, decay, enable_if, false_type, integral_constant, is_arithmetic, is_base_of, is_const, is_constructible, is_convertible, is_default_constructible, is_enum, is_floating_point, is_integral, is_nothrow_move_assignable, is_nothrow_move_constructible, is_pointer, is_reference, is_same, is_scalar, is_signed, remove_const, remove_cv, remove_pointer, remove_reference, true_type, underlying_type
 #include <utility> // declval, forward, make_pair, move, pair, swap
 #include <vector> // vector
 
@@ -523,8 +523,9 @@
 // to_json //
 /////////////
 
-template<typename BasicJsonType>
-void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t b) noexcept
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, enable_if_t<
+             std::is_same<T, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, T b) noexcept
 {
     external_constructor<value_t::boolean>::construct(j, b);
 }
@@ -672,7 +673,7 @@
          enable_if_t<is_unscoped_enum<UnscopedEnumType>::value, int> = 0>
 void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, UnscopedEnumType& e)
 {
-    typename std::underlying_type<UnscopedEnumType>::type val = e;
+    typename std::underlying_type<UnscopedEnumType>::type val;
     get_arithmetic_value(j, val);
     e = static_cast<UnscopedEnumType>(val);
 }
@@ -916,7 +917,7 @@
     @ref basic_json class (either explicit or via conversion operators).
 
     @param[in] j         JSON value to read from
-    @param[in, out] val  value to write to
+    @param[in,out] val  value to write to
     */
     template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ValueType>
     static void from_json(BasicJsonType&& j, ValueType& val) noexcept(
@@ -931,7 +932,7 @@
     This function is usually called by the constructors of the @ref basic_json
     class.
 
-    @param[in, out] j  JSON value to write to
+    @param[in,out] j  JSON value to write to
     @param[in] val     value to read from
     */
     template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ValueType>
@@ -1106,7 +1107,7 @@
     /*!
     @brief returns version information on the library
 
-    This function returns a JSON object with infiormation about the library,
+    This function returns a JSON object with information about the library,
     including the version number and information on the platform and compiler.
 
     @return JSON object holding version information
@@ -1135,10 +1136,10 @@
         result["url"] = "https://github.com/nlohmann/json";
         result["version"] =
         {
-            {"string", "2.1.0"},
+            {"string", "2.1.1"},
             {"major", 2},
             {"minor", 1},
-            {"patch", 0},
+            {"patch", 1}
         };
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
@@ -1746,7 +1747,7 @@
                 {
                     if (t == value_t::null)
                     {
-                        JSON_THROW(std::domain_error("961c151d2e87f2686a955a9be24d316f1362bf21 2.1.0")); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                        JSON_THROW(std::domain_error("961c151d2e87f2686a955a9be24d316f1362bf21 2.1.1")); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
                     }
                     break;
                 }
@@ -2646,14 +2647,6 @@
     string_t dump(const int indent = -1) const
     {
         std::stringstream ss;
-        // fix locale problems
-        ss.imbue(std::locale::classic());
-
-        // 6, 15 or 16 digits of precision allows round-trip IEEE 754
-        // string->float->string, string->double->string or string->long
-        // double->string; to be safe, we read this value from
-        // std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::digits10
-        ss.precision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10);
 
         if (indent >= 0)
         {
@@ -3036,10 +3029,8 @@
         {
             return m_value.boolean;
         }
-        else
-        {
-            JSON_THROW(std::domain_error("type must be boolean, but is " + type_name()));
-        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(std::domain_error("type must be boolean, but is " + type_name()));
     }
 
     /// get a pointer to the value (object)
@@ -3151,8 +3142,8 @@
             return *ptr;
         }
 
-        throw std::domain_error("incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is " +
-                                obj.type_name());
+        JSON_THROW(std::domain_error("incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is " +
+                                     obj.type_name()));
     }
 
   public:
@@ -3419,7 +3410,7 @@
     /*!
     @brief get a reference value (implicit)
 
-    Implict reference access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies
+    Implicit reference access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies
     are made.
 
     @warning Writing data to the referee of the result yields an undefined
@@ -3494,7 +3485,7 @@
     template < typename ValueType, typename std::enable_if <
                    not std::is_pointer<ValueType>::value and
                    not std::is_same<ValueType, typename string_t::value_type>::value
-#ifndef _MSC_VER  // fix for issue #167 operator<< abiguity under VS2015
+#ifndef _MSC_VER  // fix for issue #167 operator<< ambiguity under VS2015
                    and not std::is_same<ValueType, std::initializer_list<typename string_t::value_type>>::value
 #endif
                    , int >::type = 0 >
@@ -4287,7 +4278,7 @@
 
     @complexity The complexity depends on the type:
     - objects: amortized constant
-    - arrays: linear in distance between pos and the end of the container
+    - arrays: linear in distance between @a pos and the end of the container
     - strings: linear in the length of the string
     - other types: constant
 
@@ -5539,7 +5530,7 @@
     @throw std::domain_error if @a pos is not an iterator of *this; example:
     `"iterator does not fit current value"`
 
-    @complexity Constant plus linear in the distance between pos and end of
+    @complexity Constant plus linear in the distance between @a pos and end of
     the container.
 
     @liveexample{The example shows how `insert()` is used.,insert}
@@ -5965,34 +5956,24 @@
 
     /*!
     @brief comparison: equal
-
-    The functions compares the given JSON value against a null pointer. As the
-    null pointer can be used to initialize a JSON value to null, a comparison
-    of JSON value @a v with a null pointer should be equivalent to call
-    `v.is_null()`.
-
-    @param[in] v  JSON value to consider
-    @return whether @a v is null
-
-    @complexity Constant.
-
-    @liveexample{The example compares several JSON types to the null pointer.
-    ,operator__equal__nullptr_t}
-
-    @since version 1.0.0
+    @copydoc operator==(const_reference, const_reference)
     */
-    friend bool operator==(const_reference v, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator==(const_reference lhs, const ScalarType rhs) noexcept
     {
-        return v.is_null();
+        return (lhs == basic_json(rhs));
     }
 
     /*!
     @brief comparison: equal
-    @copydoc operator==(const_reference, std::nullptr_t)
+    @copydoc operator==(const_reference, const_reference)
     */
-    friend bool operator==(std::nullptr_t, const_reference v) noexcept
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator==(const ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
     {
-        return v.is_null();
+        return (basic_json(lhs) == rhs);
     }
 
     /*!
@@ -6018,34 +5999,24 @@
 
     /*!
     @brief comparison: not equal
-
-    The functions compares the given JSON value against a null pointer. As the
-    null pointer can be used to initialize a JSON value to null, a comparison
-    of JSON value @a v with a null pointer should be equivalent to call
-    `not v.is_null()`.
-
-    @param[in] v  JSON value to consider
-    @return whether @a v is not null
-
-    @complexity Constant.
-
-    @liveexample{The example compares several JSON types to the null pointer.
-    ,operator__notequal__nullptr_t}
-
-    @since version 1.0.0
+    @copydoc operator!=(const_reference, const_reference)
     */
-    friend bool operator!=(const_reference v, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator!=(const_reference lhs, const ScalarType rhs) noexcept
     {
-        return not v.is_null();
+        return (lhs != basic_json(rhs));
     }
 
     /*!
     @brief comparison: not equal
-    @copydoc operator!=(const_reference, std::nullptr_t)
+    @copydoc operator!=(const_reference, const_reference)
     */
-    friend bool operator!=(std::nullptr_t, const_reference v) noexcept
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator!=(const ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
     {
-        return not v.is_null();
+        return (basic_json(lhs) != rhs);
     }
 
     /*!
@@ -6236,10 +6207,6 @@
     `std::setw(4)` on @a o sets the indentation level to `4` and the
     serialization result is the same as calling `dump(4)`.
 
-    @note During serializaion, the locale and the precision of the output
-    stream @a o are changed. The original values are restored when the
-    function returns.
-
     @param[in,out] o  stream to serialize to
     @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
 
@@ -6261,22 +6228,9 @@
         // reset width to 0 for subsequent calls to this stream
         o.width(0);
 
-        // fix locale problems
-        const auto old_locale = o.imbue(std::locale::classic());
-        // set precision
-
-        // 6, 15 or 16 digits of precision allows round-trip IEEE 754
-        // string->float->string, string->double->string or string->long
-        // double->string; to be safe, we read this value from
-        // std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::digits10
-        const auto old_precision = o.precision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10);
-
         // do the actual serialization
         j.dump(o, pretty_print, static_cast<unsigned int>(indentation));
 
-        // reset locale and precision
-        o.imbue(old_locale);
-        o.precision(old_precision);
         return o;
     }
 
@@ -6583,6 +6537,11 @@
     /// @{
 
   private:
+    /*!
+    @note Some code in the switch cases has been copied, because otherwise
+          copilers would complain about implicit fallthrough and there is no
+          portable attribute to mute such warnings.
+    */
     template<typename T>
     static void add_to_vector(std::vector<uint8_t>& vec, size_t bytes, const T number)
     {
@@ -6592,24 +6551,31 @@
         {
             case 8:
             {
-                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 070) & 0xff));
-                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 060) & 0xff));
-                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 050) & 0xff));
-                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 040) & 0xff));
-                // intentional fall-through
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((static_cast<uint64_t>(number) >> 070) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((static_cast<uint64_t>(number) >> 060) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((static_cast<uint64_t>(number) >> 050) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((static_cast<uint64_t>(number) >> 040) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 030) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 020) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 010) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(number & 0xff));
+                break;
             }
 
             case 4:
             {
                 vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 030) & 0xff));
                 vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 020) & 0xff));
-                // intentional fall-through
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 010) & 0xff));
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(number & 0xff));
+                break;
             }
 
             case 2:
             {
                 vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((number >> 010) & 0xff));
-                // intentional fall-through
+                vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(number & 0xff));
+                break;
             }
 
             case 1:
@@ -6714,25 +6680,25 @@
                         // positive fixnum
                         add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT8_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max())
                     {
                         // uint 8
                         v.push_back(0xcc);
                         add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT16_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max())
                     {
                         // uint 16
                         v.push_back(0xcd);
                         add_to_vector(v, 2, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT32_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
                     {
                         // uint 32
                         v.push_back(0xce);
                         add_to_vector(v, 4, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT64_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max())
                     {
                         // uint 64
                         v.push_back(0xcf);
@@ -6746,25 +6712,25 @@
                         // negative fixnum
                         add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_integer);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= INT8_MIN and j.m_value.number_integer <= INT8_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::min() and j.m_value.number_integer <= std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::max())
                     {
                         // int 8
                         v.push_back(0xd0);
                         add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_integer);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= INT16_MIN and j.m_value.number_integer <= INT16_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::min() and j.m_value.number_integer <= std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::max())
                     {
                         // int 16
                         v.push_back(0xd1);
                         add_to_vector(v, 2, j.m_value.number_integer);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= INT32_MIN and j.m_value.number_integer <= INT32_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min() and j.m_value.number_integer <= std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max())
                     {
                         // int 32
                         v.push_back(0xd2);
                         add_to_vector(v, 4, j.m_value.number_integer);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= INT64_MIN and j.m_value.number_integer <= INT64_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min() and j.m_value.number_integer <= std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max())
                     {
                         // int 64
                         v.push_back(0xd3);
@@ -6781,25 +6747,25 @@
                     // positive fixnum
                     add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                 }
-                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT8_MAX)
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max())
                 {
                     // uint 8
                     v.push_back(0xcc);
                     add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                 }
-                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT16_MAX)
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max())
                 {
                     // uint 16
                     v.push_back(0xcd);
                     add_to_vector(v, 2, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                 }
-                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT32_MAX)
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
                 {
                     // uint 32
                     v.push_back(0xce);
                     add_to_vector(v, 4, j.m_value.number_unsigned);
                 }
-                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= UINT64_MAX)
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max())
                 {
                     // uint 64
                     v.push_back(0xcf);
@@ -6956,19 +6922,19 @@
                     {
                         add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_integer);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= UINT8_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max())
                     {
                         v.push_back(0x18);
                         // one-byte uint8_t
                         add_to_vector(v, 1, j.m_value.number_integer);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= UINT16_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max())
                     {
                         v.push_back(0x19);
                         // two-byte uint16_t
                         add_to_vector(v, 2, j.m_value.number_integer);
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= UINT32_MAX)
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
                     {
                         v.push_back(0x1a);
                         // four-byte uint32_t
@@ -6990,19 +6956,19 @@
                     {
                         v.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x20 + positive_number));
                     }
-                    else if (positive_number <= UINT8_MAX)
+                    else if (positive_number <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max())
                     {
                         // int 8
                         v.push_back(0x38);
                         add_to_vector(v, 1, positive_number);
                     }
-                    else if (positive_number <= UINT16_MAX)
+                    else if (positive_number <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max())
                     {
                         // int 16
                         v.push_back(0x39);
                         add_to_vector(v, 2, positive_number);
                     }
-                    else if (positive_number <= UINT32_MAX)
+                    else if (positive_number <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
                     {
                         // int 32
                         v.push_back(0x3a);
@@ -7068,7 +7034,7 @@
                 const auto N = j.m_value.string->size();
                 if (N <= 0x17)
                 {
-                    v.push_back(0x60 + N);  // 1 byte for string + size
+                    v.push_back(0x60 + static_cast<uint8_t>(N));  // 1 byte for string + size
                 }
                 else if (N <= 0xff)
                 {
@@ -7104,7 +7070,7 @@
                 const auto N = j.m_value.array->size();
                 if (N <= 0x17)
                 {
-                    v.push_back(0x80 + N);  // 1 byte for array + size
+                    v.push_back(0x80 + static_cast<uint8_t>(N));  // 1 byte for array + size
                 }
                 else if (N <= 0xff)
                 {
@@ -7142,7 +7108,7 @@
                 const auto N = j.m_value.object->size();
                 if (N <= 0x17)
                 {
-                    v.push_back(0xa0 + N);  // 1 byte for object + size
+                    v.push_back(0xa0 + static_cast<uint8_t>(N));  // 1 byte for object + size
                 }
                 else if (N <= 0xff)
                 {
@@ -7911,7 +7877,9 @@
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    val = mant == 0 ? INFINITY : NAN;
+                    val = mant == 0
+                          ? std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()
+                          : std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
                 }
                 return (half & 0x8000) != 0 ? -val : val;
             }
@@ -7964,9 +7932,11 @@
     vector in MessagePack format.,to_msgpack}
 
     @sa http://msgpack.org
-    @sa @ref from_msgpack(const std::vector<uint8_t>&) for the analogous
-        deserialization
+    @sa @ref from_msgpack(const std::vector<uint8_t>&, const size_t) for the
+        analogous deserialization
     @sa @ref to_cbor(const basic_json& for the related CBOR format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9
     */
     static std::vector<uint8_t> to_msgpack(const basic_json& j)
     {
@@ -7982,6 +7952,7 @@
     serialization format.
 
     @param[in] v  a byte vector in MessagePack format
+    @param[in] start_index the index to start reading from @a v (0 by default)
     @return deserialized JSON value
 
     @throw std::invalid_argument if unsupported features from MessagePack were
@@ -7995,11 +7966,15 @@
 
     @sa http://msgpack.org
     @sa @ref to_msgpack(const basic_json&) for the analogous serialization
-    @sa @ref from_cbor(const std::vector<uint8_t>&) for the related CBOR format
+    @sa @ref from_cbor(const std::vector<uint8_t>&, const size_t) for the
+        related CBOR format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9, parameter @a start_index since 2.1.1
     */
-    static basic_json from_msgpack(const std::vector<uint8_t>& v)
+    static basic_json from_msgpack(const std::vector<uint8_t>& v,
+                                   const size_t start_index = 0)
     {
-        size_t i = 0;
+        size_t i = start_index;
         return from_msgpack_internal(v, i);
     }
 
@@ -8020,9 +7995,11 @@
     vector in CBOR format.,to_cbor}
 
     @sa http://cbor.io
-    @sa @ref from_cbor(const std::vector<uint8_t>&) for the analogous
-        deserialization
+    @sa @ref from_cbor(const std::vector<uint8_t>&, const size_t) for the
+        analogous deserialization
     @sa @ref to_msgpack(const basic_json& for the related MessagePack format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9
     */
     static std::vector<uint8_t> to_cbor(const basic_json& j)
     {
@@ -8038,6 +8015,7 @@
     (Concise Binary Object Representation) serialization format.
 
     @param[in] v  a byte vector in CBOR format
+    @param[in] start_index the index to start reading from @a v (0 by default)
     @return deserialized JSON value
 
     @throw std::invalid_argument if unsupported features from CBOR were used in
@@ -8051,12 +8029,15 @@
 
     @sa http://cbor.io
     @sa @ref to_cbor(const basic_json&) for the analogous serialization
-    @sa @ref from_msgpack(const std::vector<uint8_t>&) for the related
-        MessagePack format
+    @sa @ref from_msgpack(const std::vector<uint8_t>&, const size_t) for the
+        related MessagePack format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9, parameter @a start_index since 2.1.1
     */
-    static basic_json from_cbor(const std::vector<uint8_t>& v)
+    static basic_json from_cbor(const std::vector<uint8_t>& v,
+                                const size_t start_index = 0)
     {
-        size_t i = 0;
+        size_t i = start_index;
         return from_cbor_internal(v, i);
     }
 
@@ -8266,6 +8247,154 @@
         return result;
     }
 
+
+    /*!
+    @brief locale-independent serialization for built-in arithmetic types
+    */
+    struct numtostr
+    {
+      public:
+        template<typename NumberType>
+        numtostr(NumberType value)
+        {
+            x_write(value, std::is_integral<NumberType>());
+        }
+
+        const char* c_str() const
+        {
+            return m_buf.data();
+        }
+
+      private:
+        /// a (hopefully) large enough character buffer
+        std::array < char, 64 > m_buf{{}};
+
+        template<typename NumberType>
+        void x_write(NumberType x, /*is_integral=*/std::true_type)
+        {
+            // special case for "0"
+            if (x == 0)
+            {
+                m_buf[0] = '0';
+                return;
+            }
+
+            const bool is_negative = x < 0;
+            size_t i = 0;
+
+            // spare 1 byte for '\0'
+            while (x != 0 and i < m_buf.size() - 1)
+            {
+                const auto digit = std::labs(static_cast<long>(x % 10));
+                m_buf[i++] = static_cast<char>('0' + digit);
+                x /= 10;
+            }
+
+            // make sure the number has been processed completely
+            assert(x == 0);
+
+            if (is_negative)
+            {
+                // make sure there is capacity for the '-'
+                assert(i < m_buf.size() - 2);
+                m_buf[i++] = '-';
+            }
+
+            std::reverse(m_buf.begin(), m_buf.begin() + i);
+        }
+
+        template<typename NumberType>
+        void x_write(NumberType x, /*is_integral=*/std::false_type)
+        {
+            // special case for 0.0 and -0.0
+            if (x == 0)
+            {
+                size_t i = 0;
+                if (std::signbit(x))
+                {
+                    m_buf[i++] = '-';
+                }
+                m_buf[i++] = '0';
+                m_buf[i++] = '.';
+                m_buf[i] = '0';
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // get number of digits for a text -> float -> text round-trip
+            static constexpr auto d = std::numeric_limits<NumberType>::digits10;
+
+            // the actual conversion
+            const auto written_bytes = snprintf(m_buf.data(), m_buf.size(), "%.*g", d, x);
+
+            // negative value indicates an error
+            assert(written_bytes > 0);
+            // check if buffer was large enough
+            assert(static_cast<size_t>(written_bytes) < m_buf.size());
+
+            // read information from locale
+            const auto loc = localeconv();
+            assert(loc != nullptr);
+            const char thousands_sep = !loc->thousands_sep ? '\0'
+                                       : loc->thousands_sep[0];
+
+            const char decimal_point = !loc->decimal_point ? '\0'
+                                       : loc->decimal_point[0];
+
+            // erase thousands separator
+            if (thousands_sep != '\0')
+            {
+                const auto end = std::remove(m_buf.begin(), m_buf.begin() + written_bytes, thousands_sep);
+                std::fill(end, m_buf.end(), '\0');
+            }
+
+            // convert decimal point to '.'
+            if (decimal_point != '\0' and decimal_point != '.')
+            {
+                for (auto& c : m_buf)
+                {
+                    if (c == decimal_point)
+                    {
+                        c = '.';
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // determine if need to append ".0"
+            size_t i = 0;
+            bool value_is_int_like = true;
+            for (i = 0; i < m_buf.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                // break when end of number is reached
+                if (m_buf[i] == '\0')
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // check if we find non-int character
+                value_is_int_like = value_is_int_like and m_buf[i] != '.' and
+                                    m_buf[i] != 'e' and m_buf[i] != 'E';
+            }
+
+            if (value_is_int_like)
+            {
+                // there must be 2 bytes left for ".0"
+                assert((i + 2) < m_buf.size());
+                // we write to the end of the number
+                assert(m_buf[i] == '\0');
+                assert(m_buf[i - 1] != '\0');
+
+                // add ".0"
+                m_buf[i] = '.';
+                m_buf[i + 1] = '0';
+
+                // the resulting string is properly terminated
+                assert(m_buf[i + 2] == '\0');
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+
     /*!
     @brief internal implementation of the serialization function
 
@@ -8385,27 +8514,19 @@
 
             case value_t::number_integer:
             {
-                o << m_value.number_integer;
+                o << numtostr(m_value.number_integer).c_str();
                 return;
             }
 
             case value_t::number_unsigned:
             {
-                o << m_value.number_unsigned;
+                o << numtostr(m_value.number_unsigned).c_str();
                 return;
             }
 
             case value_t::number_float:
             {
-                if (m_value.number_float == 0)
-                {
-                    // special case for zero to get "0.0"/"-0.0"
-                    o << (std::signbit(m_value.number_float) ? "-0.0" : "0.0");
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    o << m_value.number_float;
-                }
+                o << numtostr(m_value.number_float).c_str();
                 return;
             }
 
@@ -8534,10 +8655,11 @@
             return *this;
         }
 
-        primitive_iterator_t& operator++(int)
+        primitive_iterator_t operator++(int)
         {
+            auto result = *this;
             m_it++;
-            return *this;
+            return result;
         }
 
         primitive_iterator_t& operator--()
@@ -8546,10 +8668,11 @@
             return *this;
         }
 
-        primitive_iterator_t& operator--(int)
+        primitive_iterator_t operator--(int)
         {
+            auto result = *this;
             m_it--;
-            return *this;
+            return result;
         }
 
         primitive_iterator_t& operator+=(difference_type n)
@@ -9444,7 +9567,9 @@
             literal_false,   ///< the `false` literal
             literal_null,    ///< the `null` literal
             value_string,    ///< a string -- use get_string() for actual value
-            value_number,    ///< a number -- use get_number() for actual value
+            value_unsigned,  ///< an unsigned integer -- use get_number() for actual value
+            value_integer,   ///< a signed integer -- use get_number() for actual value
+            value_float,     ///< an floating point number -- use get_number() for actual value
             begin_array,     ///< the character for array begin `[`
             begin_object,    ///< the character for object begin `{`
             end_array,       ///< the character for array end `]`
@@ -9596,7 +9721,9 @@
                     return "null literal";
                 case token_type::value_string:
                     return "string literal";
-                case token_type::value_number:
+                case lexer::token_type::value_unsigned:
+                case lexer::token_type::value_integer:
+                case lexer::token_type::value_float:
                     return "number literal";
                 case token_type::begin_array:
                     return "'['";
@@ -9684,18 +9811,24 @@
                     "false" { last_token_type = token_type::literal_false; break; }
 
                     // number
-                    decimal_point = ".";
-                    digit         = [0-9];
-                    digit_1_9     = [1-9];
-                    e             = "e" | "E";
-                    minus         = "-";
-                    plus          = "+";
-                    zero          = "0";
-                    exp           = e (minus | plus)? digit+;
-                    frac          = decimal_point digit+;
-                    int           = (zero | digit_1_9 digit*);
-                    number        = minus? int frac? exp?;
-                    number        { last_token_type = token_type::value_number; break; }
+                    decimal_point   = ".";
+                    digit           = [0-9];
+                    digit_1_9       = [1-9];
+                    e               = "e" | "E";
+                    minus           = "-";
+                    plus            = "+";
+                    zero            = "0";
+                    exp             = e (minus | plus)? digit+;
+                    frac            = decimal_point digit+;
+                    int             = (zero | digit_1_9 digit*);
+                    invalid_int     = minus? "0" digit+;
+                    invalid_int     { last_token_type = token_type::parse_error; break; }
+                    number_unsigned = int;
+                    number_unsigned { last_token_type = token_type::value_unsigned; break; }
+                    number_integer  = minus int;
+                    number_integer  { last_token_type = token_type::value_integer; break; }
+                    number_float    = minus? int frac? exp?;
+                    number_float    { last_token_type = token_type::value_float; break; }
 
                     // string
                     quotation_mark  = "\"";
@@ -9774,7 +9907,7 @@
             if (m_stream == nullptr or m_stream->eof())
             {
                 // m_start may or may not be pointing into m_line_buffer at
-                // this point. We trust the standand library to do the right
+                // this point. We trust the standard library to do the right
                 // thing. See http://stackoverflow.com/q/28142011/266378
                 m_line_buffer.assign(m_start, m_limit);
 
@@ -9862,7 +9995,7 @@
         m_start + 1 + x < m_cursor - 1 must hold to loop indefinitely. This
         can be rephrased to m_cursor - m_start - 2 > x. With the
         precondition, we x <= 0, meaning that the loop condition holds
-        indefinitly if i is always decreased. However, observe that the value
+        indefinitely if i is always decreased. However, observe that the value
         of i is strictly increasing with each iteration, as it is incremented
         by 1 in the iteration expression and never decremented inside the loop
         body. Hence, the loop condition will eventually be false which
@@ -9988,59 +10121,155 @@
             return result;
         }
 
-        /*!
-        @brief parse floating point number
-
-        This function (and its overloads) serves to select the most approprate
-        standard floating point number parsing function based on the type
-        supplied via the first parameter.  Set this to @a
-        static_cast<number_float_t*>(nullptr).
-
-        @param[in,out] endptr recieves a pointer to the first character after
-        the number
-
-        @return the floating point number
-        */
-        long double str_to_float_t(long double* /* type */, char** endptr) const
-        {
-            return std::strtold(reinterpret_cast<typename string_t::const_pointer>(m_start), endptr);
-        }
 
         /*!
-        @brief parse floating point number
+        @brief parse string into a built-in arithmetic type as if the current
+               locale is POSIX.
 
-        This function (and its overloads) serves to select the most approprate
-        standard floating point number parsing function based on the type
-        supplied via the first parameter.  Set this to @a
-        static_cast<number_float_t*>(nullptr).
+        @note in floating-point case strtod may parse past the token's end -
+              this is not an error
 
-        @param[in,out] endptr  recieves a pointer to the first character after
-        the number
-
-        @return the floating point number
+        @note any leading blanks are not handled
         */
-        double str_to_float_t(double* /* type */, char** endptr) const
+        struct strtonum
         {
-            return std::strtod(reinterpret_cast<typename string_t::const_pointer>(m_start), endptr);
-        }
+          public:
+            strtonum(const char* start, const char* end)
+                : m_start(start), m_end(end)
+            {}
 
-        /*!
-        @brief parse floating point number
+            /*!
+            @return true iff parsed successfully as number of type T
 
-        This function (and its overloads) serves to select the most approprate
-        standard floating point number parsing function based on the type
-        supplied via the first parameter.  Set this to @a
-        static_cast<number_float_t*>(nullptr).
+            @param[in,out] val shall contain parsed value, or undefined value
+            if could not parse
+            */
+            template<typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value>::type>
+            bool to(T& val) const
+            {
+                return parse(val, std::is_integral<T>());
+            }
 
-        @param[in,out] endptr  recieves a pointer to the first character after
-        the number
+          private:
+            const char* const m_start = nullptr;
+            const char* const m_end = nullptr;
 
-        @return the floating point number
-        */
-        float str_to_float_t(float* /* type */, char** endptr) const
-        {
-            return std::strtof(reinterpret_cast<typename string_t::const_pointer>(m_start), endptr);
-        }
+            // floating-point conversion
+
+            // overloaded wrappers for strtod/strtof/strtold
+            // that will be called from parse<floating_point_t>
+            static void strtof(float& f, const char* str, char** endptr)
+            {
+                f = std::strtof(str, endptr);
+            }
+
+            static void strtof(double& f, const char* str, char** endptr)
+            {
+                f = std::strtod(str, endptr);
+            }
+
+            static void strtof(long double& f, const char* str, char** endptr)
+            {
+                f = std::strtold(str, endptr);
+            }
+
+            template<typename T>
+            bool parse(T& value, /*is_integral=*/std::false_type) const
+            {
+                // replace decimal separator with locale-specific version,
+                // when necessary; data will point to either the original
+                // string, or buf, or tempstr containing the fixed string.
+                std::string tempstr;
+                std::array<char, 64> buf;
+                const size_t len = static_cast<size_t>(m_end - m_start);
+
+                // lexer will reject empty numbers
+                assert(len > 0);
+
+                // since dealing with strtod family of functions, we're
+                // getting the decimal point char from the C locale facilities
+                // instead of C++'s numpunct facet of the current std::locale
+                const auto loc = localeconv();
+                assert(loc != nullptr);
+                const char decimal_point_char = (loc->decimal_point == nullptr) ? '.' : loc->decimal_point[0];
+
+                const char* data = m_start;
+
+                if (decimal_point_char != '.')
+                {
+                    const size_t ds_pos = static_cast<size_t>(std::find(m_start, m_end, '.') - m_start);
+
+                    if (ds_pos != len)
+                    {
+                        // copy the data into the local buffer or tempstr, if
+                        // buffer is too small; replace decimal separator, and
+                        // update data to point to the modified bytes
+                        if ((len + 1) < buf.size())
+                        {
+                            std::copy(m_start, m_end, buf.begin());
+                            buf[len] = 0;
+                            buf[ds_pos] = decimal_point_char;
+                            data = buf.data();
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            tempstr.assign(m_start, m_end);
+                            tempstr[ds_pos] = decimal_point_char;
+                            data = tempstr.c_str();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                char* endptr = nullptr;
+                value = 0;
+                // this calls appropriate overload depending on T
+                strtof(value, data, &endptr);
+
+                // parsing was successful iff strtof parsed exactly the number
+                // of characters determined by the lexer (len)
+                const bool ok = (endptr == (data + len));
+
+                if (ok and (value == static_cast<T>(0.0)) and (*data == '-'))
+                {
+                    // some implementations forget to negate the zero
+                    value = -0.0;
+                }
+
+                return ok;
+            }
+
+            // integral conversion
+
+            signed long long parse_integral(char** endptr, /*is_signed*/std::true_type) const
+            {
+                return std::strtoll(m_start, endptr, 10);
+            }
+
+            unsigned long long parse_integral(char** endptr, /*is_signed*/std::false_type) const
+            {
+                return std::strtoull(m_start, endptr, 10);
+            }
+
+            template<typename T>
+            bool parse(T& value, /*is_integral=*/std::true_type) const
+            {
+                char* endptr = nullptr;
+                errno = 0; // these are thread-local
+                const auto x = parse_integral(&endptr, std::is_signed<T>());
+
+                // called right overload?
+                static_assert(std::is_signed<T>() == std::is_signed<decltype(x)>(), "");
+
+                value = static_cast<T>(x);
+
+                return (x == static_cast<decltype(x)>(value)) // x fits into destination T
+                       and (x < 0) == (value < 0)             // preserved sign
+                       //and ((x != 0) or is_integral())        // strto[u]ll did nto fail
+                       and (errno == 0)                       // strto[u]ll did not overflow
+                       and (m_start < m_end)                  // token was not empty
+                       and (endptr == m_end);                 // parsed entire token exactly
+            }
+        };
 
         /*!
         @brief return number value for number tokens
@@ -10049,125 +10278,84 @@
         number type (either integer, unsigned integer or floating point),
         which is passed back to the caller via the result parameter.
 
-        This function parses the integer component up to the radix point or
-        exponent while collecting information about the 'floating point
-        representation', which it stores in the result parameter. If there is
-        no radix point or exponent, and the number can fit into a @ref
-        number_integer_t or @ref number_unsigned_t then it sets the result
-        parameter accordingly.
+        integral numbers that don't fit into the the range of the respective
+        type are parsed as number_float_t
 
-        If the number is a floating point number the number is then parsed
-        using @a std:strtod (or @a std:strtof or @a std::strtold).
+        floating-point values do not satisfy std::isfinite predicate
+        are converted to value_t::null
 
-        @param[out] result  @ref basic_json object to receive the number, or
-        NAN if the conversion read past the current token. The latter case
-        needs to be treated by the caller function.
+        throws if the entire string [m_start .. m_cursor) cannot be
+        interpreted as a number
+
+        @param[out] result  @ref basic_json object to receive the number.
+        @param[in]  token   the type of the number token
         */
-        void get_number(basic_json& result) const
+        bool get_number(basic_json& result, const token_type token) const
         {
             assert(m_start != nullptr);
+            assert(m_start < m_cursor);
+            assert((token == token_type::value_unsigned) or
+                   (token == token_type::value_integer) or
+                   (token == token_type::value_float));
 
-            const lexer::lexer_char_t* curptr = m_start;
+            strtonum num_converter(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(m_start),
+                                   reinterpret_cast<const char*>(m_cursor));
 
-            // accumulate the integer conversion result (unsigned for now)
-            number_unsigned_t value = 0;
-
-            // maximum absolute value of the relevant integer type
-            number_unsigned_t max;
-
-            // temporarily store the type to avoid unecessary bitfield access
-            value_t type;
-
-            // look for sign
-            if (*curptr == '-')
+            switch (token)
             {
-                type = value_t::number_integer;
-                max = static_cast<uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<number_integer_t>::max)()) + 1;
-                curptr++;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                type = value_t::number_unsigned;
-                max = static_cast<uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<number_unsigned_t>::max)());
-            }
-
-            // count the significant figures
-            for (; curptr < m_cursor; curptr++)
-            {
-                // quickly skip tests if a digit
-                if (*curptr < '0' or* curptr > '9')
+                case lexer::token_type::value_unsigned:
                 {
-                    if (*curptr == '.')
+                    number_unsigned_t val;
+                    if (num_converter.to(val))
                     {
-                        // don't count '.' but change to float
-                        type = value_t::number_float;
-                        continue;
+                        // parsing successful
+                        result.m_type = value_t::number_unsigned;
+                        result.m_value = val;
+                        return true;
                     }
-                    // assume exponent (if not then will fail parse): change to
-                    // float, stop counting and record exponent details
-                    type = value_t::number_float;
                     break;
                 }
 
-                // skip if definitely not an integer
-                if (type != value_t::number_float)
+                case lexer::token_type::value_integer:
                 {
-                    auto digit = static_cast<number_unsigned_t>(*curptr - '0');
-
-                    // overflow if value * 10 + digit > max, move terms around
-                    // to avoid overflow in intermediate values
-                    if (value > (max - digit) / 10)
+                    number_integer_t val;
+                    if (num_converter.to(val))
                     {
-                        // overflow
-                        type = value_t::number_float;
+                        // parsing successful
+                        result.m_type = value_t::number_integer;
+                        result.m_value = val;
+                        return true;
                     }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        // no overflow
-                        value = value * 10 + digit;
-                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                default:
+                {
+                    break;
                 }
             }
 
-            // save the value (if not a float)
-            if (type == value_t::number_unsigned)
+            // parse float (either explicitly or because a previous conversion
+            // failed)
+            number_float_t val;
+            if (num_converter.to(val))
             {
-                result.m_value.number_unsigned = value;
-            }
-            else if (type == value_t::number_integer)
-            {
-                // invariant: if we parsed a '-', the absolute value is between
-                // 0 (we allow -0) and max == -INT64_MIN
-                assert(value >= 0);
-                assert(value <= max);
-
-                if (value == max)
-                {
-                    // we cannot simply negate value (== max == -INT64_MIN),
-                    // see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/389
-                    result.m_value.number_integer = static_cast<number_integer_t>(INT64_MIN);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    // all other values can be negated safely
-                    result.m_value.number_integer = -static_cast<number_integer_t>(value);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // parse with strtod
-                result.m_value.number_float = str_to_float_t(static_cast<number_float_t*>(nullptr), nullptr);
+                // parsing successful
+                result.m_type = value_t::number_float;
+                result.m_value = val;
 
                 // replace infinity and NAN by null
                 if (not std::isfinite(result.m_value.number_float))
                 {
-                    type = value_t::null;
+                    result.m_type  = value_t::null;
                     result.m_value = basic_json::json_value();
                 }
+
+                return true;
             }
 
-            // save the type
-            result.m_type = type;
+            // couldn't parse number in any format
+            return false;
         }
 
       private:
@@ -10411,9 +10599,11 @@
                     break;
                 }
 
-                case lexer::token_type::value_number:
+                case lexer::token_type::value_unsigned:
+                case lexer::token_type::value_integer:
+                case lexer::token_type::value_float:
                 {
-                    m_lexer.get_number(result);
+                    m_lexer.get_number(result, last_token);
                     get_token();
                     break;
                 }
@@ -10708,7 +10898,7 @@
 
                         if (reference_token == "-")
                         {
-                            // explicityly treat "-" as index beyond the end
+                            // explicitly treat "-" as index beyond the end
                             ptr = &ptr->operator[](ptr->m_value.array->size());
                         }
                         else
@@ -10747,9 +10937,9 @@
                         if (reference_token == "-")
                         {
                             // "-" always fails the range check
-                            throw std::out_of_range("array index '-' (" +
-                                                    std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
-                                                    ") is out of range");
+                            JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("array index '-' (" +
+                                                         std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
+                                                         ") is out of range"));
                         }
 
                         // error condition (cf. RFC 6901, Sect. 4)
@@ -10799,9 +10989,9 @@
                         if (reference_token == "-")
                         {
                             // "-" cannot be used for const access
-                            throw std::out_of_range("array index '-' (" +
-                                                    std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
-                                                    ") is out of range");
+                            JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("array index '-' (" +
+                                                         std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
+                                                         ") is out of range"));
                         }
 
                         // error condition (cf. RFC 6901, Sect. 4)
@@ -10843,9 +11033,9 @@
                         if (reference_token == "-")
                         {
                             // "-" always fails the range check
-                            throw std::out_of_range("array index '-' (" +
-                                                    std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
-                                                    ") is out of range");
+                            JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("array index '-' (" +
+                                                         std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
+                                                         ") is out of range"));
                         }
 
                         // error condition (cf. RFC 6901, Sect. 4)
@@ -11215,7 +11405,7 @@
     primitive. The original JSON value can be restored using the @ref
     unflatten() function.
 
-    @return an object that maps JSON pointers to primitve values
+    @return an object that maps JSON pointers to primitive values
 
     @note Empty objects and arrays are flattened to `null` and will not be
           reconstructed correctly by the @ref unflatten() function.
@@ -11282,7 +11472,7 @@
 
     [JSON Patch](http://jsonpatch.com) defines a JSON document structure for
     expressing a sequence of operations to apply to a JSON) document. With
-    this funcion, a JSON Patch is applied to the current JSON value by
+    this function, a JSON Patch is applied to the current JSON value by
     executing all operations from the patch.
 
     @param[in] json_patch  JSON patch document
@@ -11450,7 +11640,7 @@
             JSON_THROW(std::invalid_argument("JSON patch must be an array of objects"));
         }
 
-        // iterate and apply th eoperations
+        // iterate and apply the operations
         for (const auto& val : json_patch)
         {
             // wrapper to get a value for an operation
@@ -11589,8 +11779,8 @@
     @note Currently, only `remove`, `add`, and `replace` operations are
           generated.
 
-    @param[in] source  JSON value to copare from
-    @param[in] target  JSON value to copare against
+    @param[in] source  JSON value to compare from
+    @param[in] target  JSON value to compare against
     @param[in] path    helper value to create JSON pointers
 
     @return a JSON patch to convert the @a source to @a target
@@ -11839,9 +12029,9 @@
 #endif
 
 // clean up
-#undef JSON_THROW
-#undef JSON_TRY
 #undef JSON_CATCH
 #undef JSON_DEPRECATED
+#undef JSON_THROW
+#undef JSON_TRY
 
 #endif
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 0ceb6bf..25e345c 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,16 @@
+add_library(catch_main OBJECT
+    "src/unit.cpp"
+)
+set_target_properties(catch_main PROPERTIES
+    CXX_STANDARD 11
+    CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON
+)
+target_include_directories(catch_main PRIVATE "thirdparty/catch")
+
 # The unit test executable.
 set(JSON_UNITTEST_TARGET_NAME "json_unit")
 add_executable(${JSON_UNITTEST_TARGET_NAME}
-    "thirdparty/catch/catch.hpp"
-    "src/unit.cpp"
+    $<TARGET_OBJECTS:catch_main>
     "src/unit-algorithms.cpp"
     "src/unit-allocator.cpp"
     "src/unit-capacity.cpp"
@@ -43,13 +51,33 @@
 set_target_properties(${JSON_UNITTEST_TARGET_NAME} PROPERTIES
     CXX_STANDARD 11
     CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON
-    COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "$<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>:_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS>"
-    COMPILE_OPTIONS "$<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>:/EHsc;$<$<CONFIG:Release>:/Od>>"
 )
 
+if(MSVC)
+    set_target_properties(${JSON_UNITTEST_TARGET_NAME} PROPERTIES
+        COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS"
+        COMPILE_OPTIONS "/EHsc;$<$<CONFIG:Release>:/Od>"
+    )
+endif()
+
 target_include_directories(${JSON_UNITTEST_TARGET_NAME} PRIVATE "src" "thirdparty/catch")
 target_link_libraries(${JSON_UNITTEST_TARGET_NAME} ${JSON_TARGET_NAME})
 
+include(cotire OPTIONAL)
+
+if(COMMAND cotire)
+    set_target_properties(${JSON_UNITTEST_TARGET_NAME} PROPERTIES
+        COTIRE_ADD_UNITY_BUILD FALSE
+        COTIRE_CXX_PREFIX_HEADER_INIT "src/prefix.hpp"
+    )
+    # HACK - CMAKE_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_FLAG_CXX has a trailing space, which Cotire doesn't strip
+    # Technically, this fix should go in cotire.cmake. TODO - submit a pull request upstream.
+    if (CMAKE_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_FLAG_CXX)
+		string (STRIP "${CMAKE_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_FLAG_CXX}" CMAKE_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_FLAG_CXX)
+    endif()
+    cotire(${JSON_UNITTEST_TARGET_NAME})
+endif()
+
 add_test(NAME "${JSON_UNITTEST_TARGET_NAME}_default"
 	COMMAND ${JSON_UNITTEST_TARGET_NAME}
 	WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
diff --git a/test/Makefile b/test/Makefile
index 0b235ba..8f4e215 100644
--- a/test/Makefile
+++ b/test/Makefile
@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@
 # individual test cases
 ##############################################################################
 
-test-%: src/unit-%.cpp ../src/json.hpp thirdparty/catch/catch.hpp
+test-%: src/unit-%.o src/unit.o ../src/json.hpp thirdparty/catch/catch.hpp
 	@echo "[CXXLD] $@"
-	@$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -DCATCH_CONFIG_MAIN $< -o $@
+	@$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $< src/unit.o -o $@
 
 TEST_PATTERN ?= "*"
 TEST_PREFIX = ""
diff --git a/test/src/fuzzer-driver_afl.cpp b/test/src/fuzzer-driver_afl.cpp
index b1699f3..92e9147 100644
--- a/test/src/fuzzer-driver_afl.cpp
+++ b/test/src/fuzzer-driver_afl.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (fuzz test support)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 This file implements a driver for American Fuzzy Lop (afl-fuzz). It relies on
diff --git a/test/src/fuzzer-parse_cbor.cpp b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_cbor.cpp
index 1b6664f..30fa697 100644
--- a/test/src/fuzzer-parse_cbor.cpp
+++ b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_cbor.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (fuzz test support)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
diff --git a/test/src/fuzzer-parse_json.cpp b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_json.cpp
index 40ccf58..bd2e5e3 100644
--- a/test/src/fuzzer-parse_json.cpp
+++ b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_json.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (fuzz test support)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
diff --git a/test/src/fuzzer-parse_msgpack.cpp b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_msgpack.cpp
index 381dc75..bf2fcab 100644
--- a/test/src/fuzzer-parse_msgpack.cpp
+++ b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_msgpack.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (fuzz test support)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
diff --git a/test/src/prefix.hpp b/test/src/prefix.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9df98c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/prefix.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "catch.hpp"
+
+#define private public
+#include "json.hpp"
+using nlohmann::json;
diff --git a/test/src/unit-algorithms.cpp b/test/src/unit-algorithms.cpp
index 3a73c10..8386238 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-algorithms.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-algorithms.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-allocator.cpp b/test/src/unit-allocator.cpp
index ae45ac2..903d595 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-allocator.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-allocator.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -59,13 +59,13 @@
               bad_allocator>;
 
         // creating an object should throw
-        CHECK_THROWS_AS(bad_json j(bad_json::value_t::object), std::bad_alloc);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(bad_json(bad_json::value_t::object), std::bad_alloc);
     }
 }
 
-bool next_construct_fails = false;
-bool next_destroy_fails = false;
-bool next_deallocate_fails = false;
+static bool next_construct_fails = false;
+static bool next_destroy_fails = false;
+static bool next_deallocate_fails = false;
 
 template<class T>
 struct my_allocator : std::allocator<T>
@@ -141,39 +141,27 @@
             {
                 next_construct_fails = false;
                 auto t = my_json::value_t::object;
-                auto clean_up = [](my_json::json_value & j)
-                {
-                    my_allocator_clean_up(j.object);
-                };
-                CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json::json_value j(t); clean_up(j));
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(my_allocator_clean_up(my_json::json_value(t).object));
                 next_construct_fails = true;
-                CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json::json_value j(t), std::bad_alloc);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json::json_value(t), std::bad_alloc);
                 next_construct_fails = false;
             }
             SECTION("array")
             {
                 next_construct_fails = false;
                 auto t = my_json::value_t::array;
-                auto clean_up = [](my_json::json_value & j)
-                {
-                    my_allocator_clean_up(j.array);
-                };
-                CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json::json_value j(t); clean_up(j));
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(my_allocator_clean_up(my_json::json_value(t).array));
                 next_construct_fails = true;
-                CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json::json_value j(t), std::bad_alloc);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json::json_value(t), std::bad_alloc);
                 next_construct_fails = false;
             }
             SECTION("string")
             {
                 next_construct_fails = false;
                 auto t = my_json::value_t::string;
-                auto clean_up = [](my_json::json_value & j)
-                {
-                    my_allocator_clean_up(j.string);
-                };
-                CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json::json_value j(t); clean_up(j));
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(my_allocator_clean_up(my_json::json_value(t).string));
                 next_construct_fails = true;
-                CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json::json_value j(t), std::bad_alloc);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json::json_value(t), std::bad_alloc);
                 next_construct_fails = false;
             }
         }
@@ -182,13 +170,9 @@
         {
             next_construct_fails = false;
             my_json::string_t v("foo");
-            auto clean_up = [](my_json::json_value & j)
-            {
-                my_allocator_clean_up(j.string);
-            };
-            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json::json_value j(v); clean_up(j));
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_allocator_clean_up(my_json::json_value(v).string));
             next_construct_fails = true;
-            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json::json_value j(v), std::bad_alloc);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json::json_value(v), std::bad_alloc);
             next_construct_fails = false;
         }
 
@@ -222,9 +206,9 @@
         {
             next_construct_fails = false;
             std::map<std::string, std::string> v {{"foo", "bar"}};
-            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json j(v));
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json(v));
             next_construct_fails = true;
-            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json j(v), std::bad_alloc);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json(v), std::bad_alloc);
             next_construct_fails = false;
         }
 
@@ -232,18 +216,18 @@
         {
             next_construct_fails = false;
             std::vector<std::string> v {"foo", "bar", "baz"};
-            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json j(v));
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json(v));
             next_construct_fails = true;
-            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json j(v), std::bad_alloc);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json(v), std::bad_alloc);
             next_construct_fails = false;
         }
 
         SECTION("basic_json(const typename string_t::value_type*)")
         {
             next_construct_fails = false;
-            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json v("foo"));
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json("foo"));
             next_construct_fails = true;
-            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json v("foo"), std::bad_alloc);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json("foo"), std::bad_alloc);
             next_construct_fails = false;
         }
 
@@ -251,9 +235,9 @@
         {
             next_construct_fails = false;
             std::string s("foo");
-            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json v(s));
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json(s));
             next_construct_fails = true;
-            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json v(s), std::bad_alloc);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json(s), std::bad_alloc);
             next_construct_fails = false;
         }
     }
diff --git a/test/src/unit-capacity.cpp b/test/src/unit-capacity.cpp
index 44a35b9..8f2c311 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-capacity.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-capacity.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-cbor.cpp b/test/src/unit-cbor.cpp
index 539d408..84b280b 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-cbor.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-cbor.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@
                     const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
                     CHECK(result == expected);
 
-                    int16_t restored = -1 - ((result[1] << 8) + result[2]);
+                    int16_t restored = static_cast<int16_t>(-1 - ((result[1] << 8) + result[2]));
                     CHECK(restored == -9263);
 
                     // roundtrip
@@ -1184,6 +1184,10 @@
 
         // compare parsed JSON values
         CHECK(j1 == j2);
+
+        // check with different start index
+        packed.insert(packed.begin(), 5, 0xff);
+        CHECK(j1 == json::from_cbor(packed, 5));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1267,7 +1271,7 @@
     SECTION("improve code coverage")
     {
         // exotic edge case
-        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::check_length(0xffffffffffffffff, 0xfffffffffffffff0, 0xff), std::out_of_range);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::check_length(0xffffffffffffffffull, 0xfffffffffffffff0ull, 0xff), std::out_of_range);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/src/unit-class_const_iterator.cpp b/test/src/unit-class_const_iterator.cpp
index 1a05bec..840549a 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-class_const_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-class_const_iterator.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-class_iterator.cpp b/test/src/unit-class_iterator.cpp
index e3ef6a0..0238c33 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-class_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-class_iterator.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-class_lexer.cpp b/test/src/unit-class_lexer.cpp
index ac43de8..0b019bf 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-class_lexer.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-class_lexer.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -65,25 +65,37 @@
         SECTION("numbers")
         {
             CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("0"),
-                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number));
+                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
             CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("1"),
-                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number));
+                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
             CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("2"),
-                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number));
+                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
             CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("3"),
-                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number));
+                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
             CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("4"),
-                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number));
+                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
             CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("5"),
-                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number));
+                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
             CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("6"),
-                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number));
+                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
             CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("7"),
-                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number));
+                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
             CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("8"),
-                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number));
+                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
             CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("9"),
-                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number));
+                               1).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
+
+            CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("-0"),
+                               2).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_integer));
+            CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("-1"),
+                               2).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_integer));
+
+            CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("1.1"),
+                               3).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_float));
+            CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("-1.1"),
+                               4).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_float));
+            CHECK((json::lexer(reinterpret_cast<const json::lexer::lexer_char_t*>("1E10"),
+                               4).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_float));
         }
 
         SECTION("whitespace")
@@ -109,7 +121,9 @@
         CHECK((json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::literal_false) == "false literal"));
         CHECK((json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::literal_null) == "null literal"));
         CHECK((json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::value_string) == "string literal"));
-        CHECK((json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::value_number) == "number literal"));
+        CHECK((json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned) == "number literal"));
+        CHECK((json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::value_integer) == "number literal"));
+        CHECK((json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::value_float) == "number literal"));
         CHECK((json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::begin_array) == "'['"));
         CHECK((json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::begin_object) == "'{'"));
         CHECK((json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::end_array) == "']'"));
diff --git a/test/src/unit-class_parser.cpp b/test/src/unit-class_parser.cpp
index 3dfad5b..e3ad372 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-class_parser.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-class_parser.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@
                 CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::parser("\"\b\"").parse(), "parse error - unexpected '\"'");
                 // improve code coverage
                 CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("\uFF01").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("[-4:1,]").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                 // unescaped control characters
                 CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("\"\x00\"").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                 CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("\"\x01\"").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
@@ -269,6 +270,11 @@
                 }
             }
 
+            SECTION("overflow")
+            {
+                CHECK(json::parser("1.18973e+4932").parse() == json());
+            }
+
             SECTION("invalid numbers")
             {
                 CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("01").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
@@ -293,7 +299,9 @@
                 CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("+0").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
 
                 CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::parser("01").parse(),
-                                  "parse error - unexpected number literal; expected end of input");
+                                  "parse error - unexpected '01'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::parser("-01").parse(),
+                                  "parse error - unexpected '-01'");
                 CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::parser("--1").parse(), "parse error - unexpected '-'");
                 CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::parser("1.").parse(),
                                   "parse error - unexpected '.'; expected end of input");
@@ -596,6 +604,32 @@
                           "missing or wrong low surrogate");
     }
 
+    SECTION("tests found by mutate++")
+    {
+        // test case to make sure no comma preceeds the first key
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("{,\"key\": false}").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
+        // test case to make sure an object is properly closed
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("[{\"key\": false true]").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
+
+        // test case to make sure the callback is properly evaluated after reading a key
+        {
+            json::parser_callback_t cb = [](int, json::parse_event_t event, json&)
+            {
+                if (event == json::parse_event_t::key)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            };
+
+            json x = json::parse("{\"key\": false}", cb);
+            CHECK(x == json::object());
+        }
+    }
+
     SECTION("callback function")
     {
         auto s_object = R"(
diff --git a/test/src/unit-comparison.cpp b/test/src/unit-comparison.cpp
index f1e1aeb..ac24367 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-comparison.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-comparison.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-concepts.cpp b/test/src/unit-concepts.cpp
index d65f740..79be78c 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-concepts.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-concepts.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@
         // X::size_type must return an unsigned integer
         CHECK((std::is_unsigned<json::size_type>::value));
         // X::size_type can represent any non-negative value of X::difference_type
-        CHECK(std::numeric_limits<json::difference_type>::max() <=
-              std::numeric_limits<json::size_type>::max());
+        CHECK(static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<json::difference_type>::max()) <=
+              static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<json::size_type>::max()));
 
         // the expression "X u" has the post-condition "u.empty()"
         {
diff --git a/test/src/unit-constructor1.cpp b/test/src/unit-constructor1.cpp
index 93546c5..6bba701 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-constructor1.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-constructor1.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@
 
         SECTION("long double")
         {
-            long double n = 42.23;
+            long double n = 42.23l;
             json j(n);
             CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
             CHECK(j.m_value.number_float == Approx(j_reference.m_value.number_float));
diff --git a/test/src/unit-constructor2.cpp b/test/src/unit-constructor2.cpp
index 95cb87d..7259edf 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-constructor2.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-constructor2.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-convenience.cpp b/test/src/unit-convenience.cpp
index a9355da..891dbc1 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-convenience.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-convenience.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-conversions.cpp b/test/src/unit-conversions.cpp
index fca807a..106e37d 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-conversions.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-conversions.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -972,14 +972,14 @@
                 auto m5 = j5.get<std::list<std::string>>();
             }
 
-            //SECTION("std::forward_list")
-            //{
-            //    auto m1 = j1.get<std::forward_list<int>>();
-            //    auto m2 = j2.get<std::forward_list<unsigned int>>();
-            //    auto m3 = j3.get<std::forward_list<double>>();
-            //    auto m4 = j4.get<std::forward_list<bool>>();
-            //    auto m5 = j5.get<std::forward_list<std::string>>();
-            //}
+            SECTION("std::forward_list")
+            {
+                auto m1 = j1.get<std::forward_list<int>>();
+                auto m2 = j2.get<std::forward_list<unsigned int>>();
+                auto m3 = j3.get<std::forward_list<double>>();
+                auto m4 = j4.get<std::forward_list<bool>>();
+                auto m5 = j5.get<std::forward_list<std::string>>();
+            }
 
             SECTION("std::vector")
             {
diff --git a/test/src/unit-deserialization.cpp b/test/src/unit-deserialization.cpp
index aaf4627..9028fdf 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-deserialization.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-deserialization.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-element_access1.cpp b/test/src/unit-element_access1.cpp
index 5f264ac..f0763c5 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-element_access1.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-element_access1.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-element_access2.cpp b/test/src/unit-element_access2.cpp
index 353d66d..8e91e89 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-element_access2.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-element_access2.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-inspection.cpp b/test/src/unit-inspection.cpp
index 2e3d075..aead125 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-inspection.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-inspection.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -250,17 +250,31 @@
             ss.str(std::string());
 
             // use stringstream for JSON serialization
-            json j_number = 3.141592653589793;
+            json j_number = 3.14159265358979;
             ss << j_number;
 
             // check that precision has been overridden during serialization
-            CHECK(ss.str() == "3.141592653589793");
+            CHECK(ss.str() == "3.14159265358979");
 
             // check that precision has been restored
             CHECK(ss.precision() == 3);
         }
     }
 
+    SECTION("round trips")
+    {
+        for (const auto& s :
+    {"3.141592653589793", "1000000000000000010E5"
+    })
+        {
+            json j1 = json::parse(s);
+            std::string s1 = j1.dump();
+            json j2 = json::parse(s1);
+            std::string s2 = j2.dump();
+            CHECK(s1 == s2);
+        }
+    }
+
     SECTION("return the type of the object (explicit)")
     {
         SECTION("null")
diff --git a/test/src/unit-iterator_wrapper.cpp b/test/src/unit-iterator_wrapper.cpp
index 79def90..b8e0065 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-iterator_wrapper.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-iterator_wrapper.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-iterators1.cpp b/test/src/unit-iterators1.cpp
index 78ea3db..eebee11 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-iterators1.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-iterators1.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-iterators2.cpp b/test/src/unit-iterators2.cpp
index ef806ad..b2bc4a3 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-iterators2.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-iterators2.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-json_patch.cpp b/test/src/unit-json_patch.cpp
index 837691d..05ed750 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-json_patch.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-json_patch.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-json_pointer.cpp b/test/src/unit-json_pointer.cpp
index 24aa4a7..495d706 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-json_pointer.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-json_pointer.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-meta.cpp b/test/src/unit-meta.cpp
index 28c1a9d..8c614a6 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-meta.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-meta.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -36,5 +36,12 @@
     SECTION("version()")
     {
         CHECK(json::meta()["name"] == "JSON for Modern C++");
+        CHECK(json::meta()["version"] == json(
+        {
+            {"string", "2.1.1"},
+            {"major", 2},
+            {"minor", 1},
+            {"patch", 1}
+        }));
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/src/unit-modifiers.cpp b/test/src/unit-modifiers.cpp
index 80b1a71..0edc9a1 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-modifiers.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-modifiers.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-msgpack.cpp b/test/src/unit-msgpack.cpp
index cad78ae..3a2ae5b 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-msgpack.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-msgpack.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@
                     const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
                     CHECK(result == expected);
 
-                    int16_t restored = (result[1] << 8) + result[2];
+                    int16_t restored = static_cast<int16_t>((result[1] << 8) + result[2]);
                     CHECK(restored == -9263);
 
                     // roundtrip
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@
 
                         // check individual bytes
                         CHECK(result[0] == 0xd1);
-                        int16_t restored = (result[1] << 8) + result[2];
+                        int16_t restored = static_cast<int16_t>((result[1] << 8) + result[2]);
                         CHECK(restored == i);
 
                         // roundtrip
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
                     numbers.push_back(-65536);
                     numbers.push_back(-77777);
                     numbers.push_back(-1048576);
-                    numbers.push_back(-2147483648);
+                    numbers.push_back(-2147483648ll);
                     for (auto i : numbers)
                     {
                         CAPTURE(i);
@@ -1039,6 +1039,10 @@
 
         // compare parsed JSON values
         CHECK(j1 == j2);
+
+        // check with different start index
+        packed.insert(packed.begin(), 5, 0xff);
+        CHECK(j1 == json::from_msgpack(packed, 5));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/src/unit-noexcept.cpp b/test/src/unit-noexcept.cpp
index ddd8102..898e779 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-noexcept.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-noexcept.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-pointer_access.cpp b/test/src/unit-pointer_access.cpp
index 5611a75..5f70780 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-pointer_access.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-pointer_access.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-readme.cpp b/test/src/unit-readme.cpp
index 061aadb..1b22f1b 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-readme.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-readme.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
             j.clear();    // the array is empty again
 
             // comparison
-            j == "[\"foo\", 1, true]"_json;  // true
+            bool x = (j == "[\"foo\", 1, true]"_json);  // true
 
             // create an object
             json o;
diff --git a/test/src/unit-reference_access.cpp b/test/src/unit-reference_access.cpp
index 6281572..e73ec07 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-reference_access.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-reference_access.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-regression.cpp b/test/src/unit-regression.cpp
index 17edbd5..83bb371 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-regression.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-regression.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -350,8 +350,8 @@
 
         // double
         nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, int64_t, uint64_t, double> j_double =
-            1.23e35f;
-        CHECK(j_double.get<double>() == 1.23e35f);
+            1.23e35;
+        CHECK(j_double.get<double>() == 1.23e35);
 
         // long double
         nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, int64_t, uint64_t, long double>
@@ -361,8 +361,8 @@
 
     SECTION("issue #228 - double values are serialized with commas as decimal points")
     {
-        json j1a = 23.42;
-        json j1b = json::parse("23.42");
+        json j1a = 2312.42;
+        json j1b = json::parse("2312.42");
 
         json j2a = 2342e-2;
         //issue #230
@@ -380,33 +380,88 @@
             {
                 return ',';
             }
+
+            char do_thousands_sep() const
+            {
+                return '.';
+            }
+
+            std::string do_grouping() const
+            {
+                return "\03";
+            }
         };
 
         // change locale to mess with decimal points
-        std::locale::global(std::locale(std::locale(), new CommaDecimalSeparator));
+        auto orig_locale = std::locale::global(std::locale(std::locale(), new CommaDecimalSeparator));
 
-        CHECK(j1a.dump() == "23.42");
-        CHECK(j1b.dump() == "23.42");
+        CHECK(j1a.dump() == "2312.42");
+        CHECK(j1b.dump() == "2312.42");
 
         // check if locale is properly reset
         std::stringstream ss;
         ss.imbue(std::locale(std::locale(), new CommaDecimalSeparator));
-        ss << 47.11;
-        CHECK(ss.str() == "47,11");
+        ss << 4712.11;
+        CHECK(ss.str() == "4.712,11");
         ss << j1a;
-        CHECK(ss.str() == "47,1123.42");
+        CHECK(ss.str() == "4.712,112312.42");
         ss << 47.11;
-        CHECK(ss.str() == "47,1123.4247,11");
+        CHECK(ss.str() == "4.712,112312.4247,11");
 
         CHECK(j2a.dump() == "23.42");
         //issue #230
         //CHECK(j2b.dump() == "23.42");
 
-        CHECK(j3a.dump() == "10000");
-        CHECK(j3b.dump() == "10000");
-        CHECK(j3c.dump() == "10000");
+        CHECK(j3a.dump() == "10000.0");
+        CHECK(j3b.dump() == "10000.0");
+        CHECK(j3c.dump() == "10000.0");
         //CHECK(j3b.dump() == "1E04"); // roundtrip error
         //CHECK(j3c.dump() == "1e04"); // roundtrip error
+
+        std::locale::global(orig_locale);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #378 - locale-independent num-to-str")
+    {
+        setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "de_DE.UTF-8");
+
+        // Verify that snprintf uses special decimal and grouping characters.
+        // Disabled, because can't trigger locale-specific behavior in AppVeyor
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+        {
+            std::array<char, 64> buf;
+            std::snprintf(buf.data(), buf.size(), "%.2f", 12345.67);
+            CHECK(strcmp(buf.data(), "12345,67") == 0);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        // verify that dumped correctly with '.' and no grouping
+        const json j1 = 12345.67;
+        CHECK(json(12345.67).dump() == "12345.67");
+        setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #379 - locale-independent str-to-num")
+    {
+        setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "de_DE.UTF-8");
+
+        // disabled, because locale-specific beharivor is not
+        // triggered in AppVeyor for some reason
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+        {
+            // verify that strtod now uses commas as decimal-separator
+            CHECK(std::strtod("3,14", nullptr) == 3.14);
+
+            // verify that strtod does not understand dots as decimal separator
+            CHECK(std::strtod("3.14", nullptr) == 3);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        // verify that parsed correctly despite using strtod internally
+        CHECK(json::parse("3.14").get<double>() == 3.14);
+
+        // check a different code path
+        CHECK(json::parse("1.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000").get<double>() == 1.0);
     }
 
     SECTION("issue #233 - Can't use basic_json::iterator as a base iterator for std::move_iterator")
@@ -586,7 +641,7 @@
         CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_msgpack(vec1), std::out_of_range);
 
         // more test cases for MessagePack
-        for (uint8_t b :
+        for (auto b :
                 {
                     0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f, // fixmap
                     0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, 0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e, 0x9f, // fixarray
@@ -594,12 +649,12 @@
                     0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7, 0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf
                 })
         {
-            std::vector<uint8_t> vec(1, b);
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vec(1, static_cast<uint8_t>(b));
             CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_msgpack(vec), std::out_of_range);
         }
 
         // more test cases for CBOR
-        for (uint8_t b :
+        for (auto b :
                 {
                     0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f,
                     0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, // UTF-8 string
@@ -609,7 +664,7 @@
                     0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7 // map
                 })
         {
-            std::vector<uint8_t> vec(1, b);
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vec(1, static_cast<uint8_t>(b));
             CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec), std::out_of_range);
         }
 
@@ -672,6 +727,24 @@
         CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec3), std::out_of_range);
     }
 
+    SECTION("issue #414 - compare with literal 0)")
+    {
+#define CHECK_TYPE(v) \
+    CHECK((json(v) == v));\
+    CHECK((v == json(v)));\
+    CHECK_FALSE((json(v) != v));\
+    CHECK_FALSE((v != json(v)));
+
+        CHECK_TYPE(nullptr);
+        CHECK_TYPE(0);
+        CHECK_TYPE(0u);
+        CHECK_TYPE(0L);
+        CHECK_TYPE(0.0);
+        CHECK_TYPE("");
+
+#undef CHECK_TYPE
+    }
+
     SECTION("issue #416 - Use-of-uninitialized-value (OSS-Fuzz issue 377)")
     {
         // original test case
@@ -698,4 +771,25 @@
         };
         CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec2), std::out_of_range);
     }
+
+    SECTION("issue #452 - Heap-buffer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 585)")
+    {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec = {'-', '0', '1', '2', '2', '7', '4'};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parse(vec), std::invalid_argument);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #454 - doubles are printed as integers")
+    {
+        json j = R"({"bool_value":true,"double_value":2.0,"int_value":10,"level1":{"list_value":[3,"hi",false],"tmp":5.0},"string_value":"hello"})"_json;
+        CHECK(j["double_value"].is_number_float());
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #465 - roundtrip error while parsing 1000000000000000010E5")
+    {
+        json j1 = json::parse("1000000000000000010E5");
+        std::string s1 = j1.dump();
+        json j2 = json::parse(s1);
+        std::string s2 = j2.dump();
+        CHECK(s1 == s2);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/test/src/unit-serialization.cpp b/test/src/unit-serialization.cpp
index b8bb645..3df56cd 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-serialization.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-serialization.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit-testsuites.cpp b/test/src/unit-testsuites.cpp
index 9a9de12..e83d5b7 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-testsuites.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-testsuites.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -816,13 +816,58 @@
     }
 }
 
+std::string trim(const std::string& str);
+
+// from http://stackoverflow.com/a/25829178/266378
+std::string trim(const std::string& str)
+{
+    size_t first = str.find_first_not_of(' ');
+    if (std::string::npos == first)
+    {
+        return str;
+    }
+    size_t last = str.find_last_not_of(' ');
+    return str.substr(first, (last - first + 1));
+}
+
 TEST_CASE("Big List of Naughty Strings")
 {
     // test from https://github.com/minimaxir/big-list-of-naughty-strings
-    SECTION("blns.json")
+    SECTION("parsing blns.json")
     {
         std::ifstream f("test/data/big-list-of-naughty-strings/blns.json");
         json j;
         CHECK_NOTHROW(j << f);
     }
+
+    // check if parsed strings roundtrip
+    // https://www.reddit.com/r/cpp/comments/5qpbie/json_form_modern_c_version_210/dd12mpq/
+    SECTION("roundtripping")
+    {
+        std::ifstream f("test/data/big-list-of-naughty-strings/blns.json");
+
+        while (not f.eof())
+        {
+            // read line
+            std::string line;
+            getline(f, line);
+
+            // trim whitespace
+            line = trim(line);
+
+            // remove trailing comma
+            line = line.substr(0, line.find_last_of(","));
+
+            // discard lines without at least two characters (quotes)
+            if (line.size() < 2)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CAPTURE(line);
+            json j = json::parse(line);
+            CHECK(j.dump() == line);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/test/src/unit-udt.cpp b/test/src/unit-udt.cpp
index 347ea37..a810308 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-udt.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-udt.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
@@ -26,16 +26,17 @@
 SOFTWARE.
 */
 
-#include <array>
-#include <map>
-#include <string>
-#include <memory>
 #include "catch.hpp"
 
 #include "json.hpp"
 
 using nlohmann::json;
 
+#include <array>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+
 namespace udt
 {
 enum class country
diff --git a/test/src/unit-unicode.cpp b/test/src/unit-unicode.cpp
index 89e828f..c429b91 100644
--- a/test/src/unit-unicode.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit-unicode.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/src/unit.cpp b/test/src/unit.cpp
index c89a0e8..38f2d5b 100644
--- a/test/src/unit.cpp
+++ b/test/src/unit.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
     __ _____ _____ _____
  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
-|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.1
 |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
 
 Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/catch/catch.hpp b/test/thirdparty/catch/catch.hpp
index 1d49e73..2a09fd1 100644
--- a/test/thirdparty/catch/catch.hpp
+++ b/test/thirdparty/catch/catch.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *  Catch v1.6.0
- *  Generated: 2017-01-11 16:38:09.405017
+ *  Catch v1.7.2
+ *  Generated: 2017-02-13 15:57:33.350226
  *  ----------------------------------------------------------
  *  This file has been merged from multiple headers. Please don't edit it directly
  *  Copyright (c) 2012 Two Blue Cubes Ltd. All rights reserved.
@@ -74,11 +74,14 @@
 // CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_LONG_LONG : is long long supported?
 // CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_OVERRIDE : is override supported?
 // CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_UNIQUE_PTR : is unique_ptr supported (otherwise use auto_ptr)
+// CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_SHUFFLE : is std::shuffle supported?
+// CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS : are type_traits and enable_if supported?
 
 // CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_OR_GREATER : Is C++11 supported?
 
 // CATCH_CONFIG_VARIADIC_MACROS : are variadic macros supported?
 // CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER : is the __COUNTER__ macro supported?
+// CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH : is Windows SEH supported?
 // ****************
 // Note to maintainers: if new toggles are added please document them
 // in configuration.md, too
@@ -158,6 +161,8 @@
 // Visual C++
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+
 #if (_MSC_VER >= 1600)
 #   define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_NULLPTR
 #   define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_UNIQUE_PTR
@@ -167,6 +172,7 @@
 #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_NOEXCEPT
 #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_GENERATED_METHODS
 #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_SHUFFLE
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS
 #endif
 
 #endif // _MSC_VER
@@ -235,6 +241,9 @@
 # if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_SHUFFLE)
 #   define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_SHUFFLE
 #  endif
+# if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS)
+#  define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS
+# endif
 
 #endif // __cplusplus >= 201103L
 
@@ -266,12 +275,21 @@
 #if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_UNIQUE_PTR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_NO_UNIQUE_PTR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_UNIQUE_PTR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP11)
 #   define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_UNIQUE_PTR
 #endif
-#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_COUNTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_COUNTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER)
+// Use of __COUNTER__ is suppressed if __JETBRAINS_IDE__ is #defined (meaning we're being parsed by a JetBrains IDE for
+// analytics) because, at time of writing, __COUNTER__ is not properly handled by it.
+// This does not affect compilation
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_COUNTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_COUNTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER) && !defined(__JETBRAINS_IDE__)
 #   define CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER
 #endif
 #if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_SHUFFLE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_NO_SHUFFLE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_SHUFFLE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP11)
 #   define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_SHUFFLE
 #endif
+# if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_NO_TYPE_TRAITS) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP11)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS
+# endif
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+#   define CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+#endif
 
 #if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS)
 #   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS
@@ -319,7 +337,6 @@
 #define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIFY( expr ) INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIFY2( expr )
 
 #include <sstream>
-#include <stdexcept>
 #include <algorithm>
 
 namespace Catch {
@@ -374,7 +391,9 @@
     }
 
     bool startsWith( std::string const& s, std::string const& prefix );
+    bool startsWith( std::string const& s, char prefix );
     bool endsWith( std::string const& s, std::string const& suffix );
+    bool endsWith( std::string const& s, char suffix );
     bool contains( std::string const& s, std::string const& infix );
     void toLowerInPlace( std::string& s );
     std::string toLower( std::string const& s );
@@ -394,8 +413,8 @@
 
         SourceLineInfo();
         SourceLineInfo( char const* _file, std::size_t _line );
-        SourceLineInfo( SourceLineInfo const& other );
 #  ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_GENERATED_METHODS
+        SourceLineInfo(SourceLineInfo const& other)          = default;
         SourceLineInfo( SourceLineInfo && )                  = default;
         SourceLineInfo& operator = ( SourceLineInfo const& ) = default;
         SourceLineInfo& operator = ( SourceLineInfo && )     = default;
@@ -404,7 +423,7 @@
         bool operator == ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const;
         bool operator < ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const;
 
-        std::string file;
+        char const* file;
         std::size_t line;
     };
 
@@ -438,8 +457,6 @@
 #define CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ::Catch::SourceLineInfo( __FILE__, static_cast<std::size_t>( __LINE__ ) )
 #define CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( msg ) ::Catch::throwLogicError( msg, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO );
 
-#include <ostream>
-
 namespace Catch {
 
     class NotImplementedException : public std::exception
@@ -572,10 +589,6 @@
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
 #endif
 
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
 namespace Catch {
 
     class TestCase;
@@ -839,6 +852,27 @@
 
 namespace Catch {
 
+    struct STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison;
+
+    struct DecomposedExpression
+    {
+        virtual ~DecomposedExpression() {}
+        virtual bool isBinaryExpression() const {
+            return false;
+        }
+        virtual void reconstructExpression( std::string& dest ) const = 0;
+
+        // Only simple binary comparisons can be decomposed.
+        // If more complex check is required then wrap sub-expressions in parentheses.
+        template<typename T> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator + ( T const& );
+        template<typename T> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator - ( T const& );
+        template<typename T> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator * ( T const& );
+        template<typename T> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator / ( T const& );
+        template<typename T> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator % ( T const& );
+        template<typename T> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator && ( T const& );
+        template<typename T> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator || ( T const& );
+    };
+
     struct AssertionInfo
     {
         AssertionInfo() {}
@@ -855,11 +889,41 @@
 
     struct AssertionResultData
     {
-        AssertionResultData() : resultType( ResultWas::Unknown ) {}
+        AssertionResultData() : decomposedExpression( CATCH_NULL )
+                              , resultType( ResultWas::Unknown )
+                              , negated( false )
+                              , parenthesized( false ) {}
 
-        std::string reconstructedExpression;
+        void negate( bool parenthesize ) {
+            negated = !negated;
+            parenthesized = parenthesize;
+            if( resultType == ResultWas::Ok )
+                resultType = ResultWas::ExpressionFailed;
+            else if( resultType == ResultWas::ExpressionFailed )
+                resultType = ResultWas::Ok;
+        }
+
+        std::string const& reconstructExpression() const {
+            if( decomposedExpression != CATCH_NULL ) {
+                decomposedExpression->reconstructExpression( reconstructedExpression );
+                if( parenthesized ) {
+                    reconstructedExpression.insert( 0, 1, '(' );
+                    reconstructedExpression.append( 1, ')' );
+                }
+                if( negated ) {
+                    reconstructedExpression.insert( 0, 1, '!' );
+                }
+                decomposedExpression = CATCH_NULL;
+            }
+            return reconstructedExpression;
+        }
+
+        mutable DecomposedExpression const* decomposedExpression;
+        mutable std::string reconstructedExpression;
         std::string message;
         ResultWas::OfType resultType;
+        bool negated;
+        bool parenthesized;
     };
 
     class AssertionResult {
@@ -886,6 +950,8 @@
         std::string getMessage() const;
         SourceLineInfo getSourceInfo() const;
         std::string getTestMacroName() const;
+        void discardDecomposedExpression() const;
+        void expandDecomposedExpression() const;
 
     protected:
         AssertionInfo m_info;
@@ -1072,7 +1138,7 @@
             {
                 return m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::No
                     ? " (case insensitive)"
-                    : "";
+                    : std::string();
             }
             CaseSensitive::Choice m_caseSensitivity;
             std::string m_str;
@@ -1090,7 +1156,7 @@
                 return m_data.m_str == m_data.adjustString( expr );;
             }
             virtual std::string toString() const {
-                return "equals: \"" + m_data.m_str + "\"" + m_data.toStringSuffix();
+                return "equals: \"" + m_data.m_str + '"' + m_data.toStringSuffix();
             }
 
             CasedString m_data;
@@ -1107,7 +1173,7 @@
                 return m_data.adjustString( expr ).find( m_data.m_str ) != std::string::npos;
             }
             virtual std::string toString() const {
-                return "contains: \"" + m_data.m_str  + "\"" + m_data.toStringSuffix();
+                return "contains: \"" + m_data.m_str  + '"' + m_data.toStringSuffix();
             }
 
             CasedString m_data;
@@ -1125,7 +1191,7 @@
                 return startsWith( m_data.adjustString( expr ), m_data.m_str );
             }
             virtual std::string toString() const {
-                return "starts with: \"" + m_data.m_str + "\"" + m_data.toStringSuffix();
+                return "starts with: \"" + m_data.m_str + '"' + m_data.toStringSuffix();
             }
 
             CasedString m_data;
@@ -1142,7 +1208,7 @@
                 return endsWith( m_data.adjustString( expr ), m_data.m_str );
             }
             virtual std::string toString() const {
-                return "ends with: \"" + m_data.m_str + "\"" + m_data.toStringSuffix();
+                return "ends with: \"" + m_data.m_str + '"' + m_data.toStringSuffix();
             }
 
             CasedString m_data;
@@ -1217,22 +1283,20 @@
 
     template<typename T> class ExpressionLhs;
 
-    struct STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison;
-
     struct CopyableStream {
         CopyableStream() {}
         CopyableStream( CopyableStream const& other ) {
             oss << other.oss.str();
         }
         CopyableStream& operator=( CopyableStream const& other ) {
-            oss.str("");
+            oss.str(std::string());
             oss << other.oss.str();
             return *this;
         }
         std::ostringstream oss;
     };
 
-    class ResultBuilder {
+    class ResultBuilder : public DecomposedExpression {
     public:
         ResultBuilder(  char const* macroName,
                         SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo,
@@ -1250,19 +1314,15 @@
             return *this;
         }
 
-        template<typename RhsT> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator && ( RhsT const& );
-        template<typename RhsT> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator || ( RhsT const& );
-
         ResultBuilder& setResultType( ResultWas::OfType result );
         ResultBuilder& setResultType( bool result );
-        ResultBuilder& setLhs( std::string const& lhs );
-        ResultBuilder& setRhs( std::string const& rhs );
-        ResultBuilder& setOp( std::string const& op );
 
-        void endExpression();
+        void endExpression( DecomposedExpression const& expr );
 
-        std::string reconstructExpression() const;
+        virtual void reconstructExpression( std::string& dest ) const CATCH_OVERRIDE;
+
         AssertionResult build() const;
+        AssertionResult build( DecomposedExpression const& expr ) const;
 
         void useActiveException( ResultDisposition::Flags resultDisposition = ResultDisposition::Normal );
         void captureResult( ResultWas::OfType resultType );
@@ -1274,14 +1334,12 @@
         bool shouldDebugBreak() const;
         bool allowThrows() const;
 
+        template<typename ArgT, typename MatcherT>
+        void captureMatch( ArgT const& arg, MatcherT const& matcher, char const* matcherString );
+
     private:
         AssertionInfo m_assertionInfo;
         AssertionResultData m_data;
-        struct ExprComponents {
-            ExprComponents() : testFalse( false ) {}
-            bool testFalse;
-            std::string lhs, rhs, op;
-        } m_exprComponents;
         CopyableStream m_stream;
 
         bool m_shouldDebugBreak;
@@ -1803,90 +1861,155 @@
 
 namespace Catch {
 
-// Wraps the LHS of an expression and captures the operator and RHS (if any) -
-// wrapping them all in a ResultBuilder object
-template<typename T>
-class ExpressionLhs {
-    ExpressionLhs& operator = ( ExpressionLhs const& );
-#  ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_GENERATED_METHODS
-    ExpressionLhs& operator = ( ExpressionLhs && ) = delete;
-#  endif
+template<typename LhsT, Internal::Operator Op, typename RhsT>
+class BinaryExpression;
 
+template<typename ArgT, typename MatcherT>
+class MatchExpression;
+
+// Wraps the LHS of an expression and overloads comparison operators
+// for also capturing those and RHS (if any)
+template<typename T>
+class ExpressionLhs : public DecomposedExpression {
 public:
-    ExpressionLhs( ResultBuilder& rb, T lhs ) : m_rb( rb ), m_lhs( lhs ) {}
-#  ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_GENERATED_METHODS
-    ExpressionLhs( ExpressionLhs const& ) = default;
-    ExpressionLhs( ExpressionLhs && )     = default;
-#  endif
+    ExpressionLhs( ResultBuilder& rb, T lhs ) : m_rb( rb ), m_lhs( lhs ), m_truthy(false) {}
 
     template<typename RhsT>
-    ResultBuilder& operator == ( RhsT const& rhs ) {
+    BinaryExpression<T, Internal::IsEqualTo, RhsT const&>
+    operator == ( RhsT const& rhs ) {
         return captureExpression<Internal::IsEqualTo>( rhs );
     }
 
     template<typename RhsT>
-    ResultBuilder& operator != ( RhsT const& rhs ) {
+    BinaryExpression<T, Internal::IsNotEqualTo, RhsT const&>
+    operator != ( RhsT const& rhs ) {
         return captureExpression<Internal::IsNotEqualTo>( rhs );
     }
 
     template<typename RhsT>
-    ResultBuilder& operator < ( RhsT const& rhs ) {
+    BinaryExpression<T, Internal::IsLessThan, RhsT const&>
+    operator < ( RhsT const& rhs ) {
         return captureExpression<Internal::IsLessThan>( rhs );
     }
 
     template<typename RhsT>
-    ResultBuilder& operator > ( RhsT const& rhs ) {
+    BinaryExpression<T, Internal::IsGreaterThan, RhsT const&>
+    operator > ( RhsT const& rhs ) {
         return captureExpression<Internal::IsGreaterThan>( rhs );
     }
 
     template<typename RhsT>
-    ResultBuilder& operator <= ( RhsT const& rhs ) {
+    BinaryExpression<T, Internal::IsLessThanOrEqualTo, RhsT const&>
+    operator <= ( RhsT const& rhs ) {
         return captureExpression<Internal::IsLessThanOrEqualTo>( rhs );
     }
 
     template<typename RhsT>
-    ResultBuilder& operator >= ( RhsT const& rhs ) {
+    BinaryExpression<T, Internal::IsGreaterThanOrEqualTo, RhsT const&>
+    operator >= ( RhsT const& rhs ) {
         return captureExpression<Internal::IsGreaterThanOrEqualTo>( rhs );
     }
 
-    ResultBuilder& operator == ( bool rhs ) {
+    BinaryExpression<T, Internal::IsEqualTo, bool> operator == ( bool rhs ) {
         return captureExpression<Internal::IsEqualTo>( rhs );
     }
 
-    ResultBuilder& operator != ( bool rhs ) {
+    BinaryExpression<T, Internal::IsNotEqualTo, bool> operator != ( bool rhs ) {
         return captureExpression<Internal::IsNotEqualTo>( rhs );
     }
 
     void endExpression() {
-        bool value = m_lhs ? true : false;
+        m_truthy = m_lhs ? true : false;
         m_rb
-            .setLhs( Catch::toString( value ) )
-            .setResultType( value )
-            .endExpression();
+            .setResultType( m_truthy )
+            .endExpression( *this );
     }
 
-    // Only simple binary expressions are allowed on the LHS.
-    // If more complex compositions are required then place the sub expression in parentheses
-    template<typename RhsT> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator + ( RhsT const& );
-    template<typename RhsT> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator - ( RhsT const& );
-    template<typename RhsT> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator / ( RhsT const& );
-    template<typename RhsT> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator * ( RhsT const& );
-    template<typename RhsT> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator && ( RhsT const& );
-    template<typename RhsT> STATIC_ASSERT_Expression_Too_Complex_Please_Rewrite_As_Binary_Comparison& operator || ( RhsT const& );
+    virtual void reconstructExpression( std::string& dest ) const CATCH_OVERRIDE {
+        dest = Catch::toString( m_truthy );
+    }
 
 private:
     template<Internal::Operator Op, typename RhsT>
-    ResultBuilder& captureExpression( RhsT const& rhs ) {
-        return m_rb
-            .setResultType( Internal::compare<Op>( m_lhs, rhs ) )
-            .setLhs( Catch::toString( m_lhs ) )
-            .setRhs( Catch::toString( rhs ) )
-            .setOp( Internal::OperatorTraits<Op>::getName() );
+    BinaryExpression<T, Op, RhsT&> captureExpression( RhsT& rhs ) const {
+        return BinaryExpression<T, Op, RhsT&>( m_rb, m_lhs, rhs );
+    }
+
+    template<Internal::Operator Op>
+    BinaryExpression<T, Op, bool> captureExpression( bool rhs ) const {
+        return BinaryExpression<T, Op, bool>( m_rb, m_lhs, rhs );
     }
 
 private:
     ResultBuilder& m_rb;
     T m_lhs;
+    bool m_truthy;
+};
+
+template<typename LhsT, Internal::Operator Op, typename RhsT>
+class BinaryExpression : public DecomposedExpression {
+public:
+    BinaryExpression( ResultBuilder& rb, LhsT lhs, RhsT rhs )
+        : m_rb( rb ), m_lhs( lhs ), m_rhs( rhs ) {}
+
+    void endExpression() const {
+        m_rb
+            .setResultType( Internal::compare<Op>( m_lhs, m_rhs ) )
+            .endExpression( *this );
+    }
+
+    virtual bool isBinaryExpression() const CATCH_OVERRIDE {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual void reconstructExpression( std::string& dest ) const CATCH_OVERRIDE {
+        std::string lhs = Catch::toString( m_lhs );
+        std::string rhs = Catch::toString( m_rhs );
+        char delim = lhs.size() + rhs.size() < 40 &&
+                     lhs.find('\n') == std::string::npos &&
+                     rhs.find('\n') == std::string::npos ? ' ' : '\n';
+        dest.reserve( 7 + lhs.size() + rhs.size() );
+                   // 2 for spaces around operator
+                   // 2 for operator
+                   // 2 for parentheses (conditionally added later)
+                   // 1 for negation (conditionally added later)
+        dest = lhs;
+        dest += delim;
+        dest += Internal::OperatorTraits<Op>::getName();
+        dest += delim;
+        dest += rhs;
+    }
+
+private:
+    ResultBuilder& m_rb;
+    LhsT m_lhs;
+    RhsT m_rhs;
+};
+
+template<typename ArgT, typename MatcherT>
+class MatchExpression : public DecomposedExpression {
+public:
+    MatchExpression( ArgT arg, MatcherT matcher, char const* matcherString )
+        : m_arg( arg ), m_matcher( matcher ), m_matcherString( matcherString ) {}
+
+    virtual bool isBinaryExpression() const CATCH_OVERRIDE {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual void reconstructExpression( std::string& dest ) const CATCH_OVERRIDE {
+        std::string matcherAsString = m_matcher.toString();
+        dest = Catch::toString( m_arg );
+        dest += ' ';
+        if( matcherAsString == Detail::unprintableString )
+            dest += m_matcherString;
+        else
+            dest += matcherAsString;
+    }
+
+private:
+    ArgT m_arg;
+    MatcherT m_matcher;
+    char const* m_matcherString;
 };
 
 } // end namespace Catch
@@ -1903,6 +2026,14 @@
         return ExpressionLhs<bool>( *this, value );
     }
 
+    template<typename ArgT, typename MatcherT>
+    inline void ResultBuilder::captureMatch( ArgT const& arg, MatcherT const& matcher,
+                                             char const* matcherString ) {
+        MatchExpression<ArgT const&, MatcherT const&> expr( arg, matcher, matcherString );
+        setResultType( matcher.match( arg ) );
+        endExpression( expr );
+    }
+
 } // namespace Catch
 
 // #included from: catch_message.h
@@ -2005,11 +2136,19 @@
 #define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_PLATFORM_H_INCLUDED
 
 #if defined(__MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED)
-#define CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
+#  define CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
 #elif  defined(__IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED)
-#define CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE
+#  define CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE
+#elif defined(linux) || defined(__linux) || defined(__linux__)
+#  define CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX
 #elif defined(WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(_MSC_VER)
-#define CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#  define CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#  if !defined(NOMINMAX) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_NOMINMAX)
+#    define CATCH_DEFINES_NOMINMAX
+#  endif
+#  if !defined(WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN)
+#    define CATCH_DEFINES_WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#  endif
 #endif
 
 #include <string>
@@ -2024,27 +2163,36 @@
 
     // The following code snippet based on:
     // http://cocoawithlove.com/2008/03/break-into-debugger.html
-    #ifdef DEBUG
-        #if defined(__ppc64__) || defined(__ppc__)
-            #define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() \
-                if( Catch::isDebuggerActive() ) { \
-                    __asm__("li r0, 20\nsc\nnop\nli r0, 37\nli r4, 2\nsc\nnop\n" \
-                    : : : "memory","r0","r3","r4" ); \
-                }
-        #else
-            #define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() if( Catch::isDebuggerActive() ) {__asm__("int $3\n" : : );}
-        #endif
+    #if defined(__ppc64__) || defined(__ppc__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() \
+                __asm__("li r0, 20\nsc\nnop\nli r0, 37\nli r4, 2\nsc\nnop\n" \
+                : : : "memory","r0","r3","r4" )
+    #else
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() __asm__("int $3\n" : : )
     #endif
 
+#elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX)
+    // If we can use inline assembler, do it because this allows us to break
+    // directly at the location of the failing check instead of breaking inside
+    // raise() called from it, i.e. one stack frame below.
+    #if defined(__GNUC__) && (defined(__i386) || defined(__x86_64))
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() asm volatile ("int $3")
+    #else // Fall back to the generic way.
+        #include <signal.h>
+
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() raise(SIGTRAP)
+    #endif
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-    #define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() if( Catch::isDebuggerActive() ) { __debugbreak(); }
+    #define CATCH_TRAP() __debugbreak()
 #elif defined(__MINGW32__)
     extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) void __stdcall DebugBreak();
-    #define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() if( Catch::isDebuggerActive() ) { DebugBreak(); }
+    #define CATCH_TRAP() DebugBreak()
 #endif
 
-#ifndef CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER
-#define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() Catch::alwaysTrue();
+#ifdef CATCH_TRAP
+    #define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() if( Catch::isDebuggerActive() ) { CATCH_TRAP(); }
+#else
+    #define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() Catch::alwaysTrue();
 #endif
 
 // #included from: catch_interfaces_runner.h
@@ -2059,6 +2207,45 @@
     };
 }
 
+// #included from: catch_type_traits.hpp
+#define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS)
+#include <type_traits>
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS)
+
+     template <typename T>
+     using add_lvalue_reference = std::add_lvalue_reference<T>;
+
+     template <typename T>
+     using add_const = std::add_const<T>;
+
+#else
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct add_const {
+        typedef const T type;
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct add_lvalue_reference {
+        typedef T& type;
+    };
+    template <typename T>
+    struct add_lvalue_reference<T&> {
+        typedef T& type;
+    };
+    // No && overload, because that is C++11, in which case we have
+    // proper type_traits implementation from the standard library
+
+#endif
+
+}
+
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // In the event of a failure works out if the debugger needs to be invoked
 // and/or an exception thrown and takes appropriate action.
@@ -2077,10 +2264,11 @@
             ( __catchResult <= expr ).endExpression(); \
         } \
         catch( ... ) { \
-            __catchResult.useActiveException( Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal ); \
+            __catchResult.useActiveException( resultDisposition ); \
         } \
         INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( __catchResult ) \
-    } while( Catch::isTrue( false && !!(expr) ) ) // expr here is never evaluated at runtime but it forces the compiler to give it a look
+    } while( Catch::isTrue( false && static_cast<bool>( !!(expr) ) ) ) // expr here is never evaluated at runtime but it forces the compiler to give it a look
+    // The double negation silences MSVC's C4800 warning, the static_cast forces short-circuit evaluation if the type has overloaded &&.
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 #define INTERNAL_CATCH_IF( expr, resultDisposition, macroName ) \
@@ -2097,7 +2285,7 @@
     do { \
         Catch::ResultBuilder __catchResult( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, #expr, resultDisposition ); \
         try { \
-            expr; \
+            static_cast<void>(expr); \
             __catchResult.captureResult( Catch::ResultWas::Ok ); \
         } \
         catch( ... ) { \
@@ -2112,7 +2300,7 @@
         Catch::ResultBuilder __catchResult( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, #expr, resultDisposition, #matcher ); \
         if( __catchResult.allowThrows() ) \
             try { \
-                expr; \
+                static_cast<void>(expr); \
                 __catchResult.captureResult( Catch::ResultWas::DidntThrowException ); \
             } \
             catch( ... ) { \
@@ -2126,13 +2314,13 @@
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 #define INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType, resultDisposition, macroName ) \
     do { \
-        Catch::ResultBuilder __catchResult( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, #expr, resultDisposition ); \
+        Catch::ResultBuilder __catchResult( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, #expr ", " #exceptionType, resultDisposition ); \
         if( __catchResult.allowThrows() ) \
             try { \
-                expr; \
+                static_cast<void>(expr); \
                 __catchResult.captureResult( Catch::ResultWas::DidntThrowException ); \
             } \
-            catch( exceptionType ) { \
+            catch( Catch::add_const<Catch::add_lvalue_reference<exceptionType>::type>::type ) { \
                 __catchResult.captureResult( Catch::ResultWas::Ok ); \
             } \
             catch( ... ) { \
@@ -2171,13 +2359,7 @@
     do { \
         Catch::ResultBuilder __catchResult( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, #arg ", " #matcher, resultDisposition ); \
         try { \
-            std::string matcherAsString = (matcher).toString(); \
-            __catchResult \
-                .setLhs( Catch::toString( arg ) ) \
-                .setRhs( matcherAsString == Catch::Detail::unprintableString ? #matcher : matcherAsString ) \
-                .setOp( "matches" ) \
-                .setResultType( (matcher).match( arg ) ); \
-            __catchResult.captureExpression(); \
+            __catchResult.captureMatch( arg, matcher, #matcher ); \
         } catch( ... ) { \
             __catchResult.useActiveException( resultDisposition | Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure ); \
         } \
@@ -2260,6 +2442,8 @@
     };
 }
 
+#include <string>
+
 namespace Catch {
 
     struct SectionInfo {
@@ -2630,6 +2814,10 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <limits>
 
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS)
+#include <type_traits>
+#endif
+
 namespace Catch {
 namespace Detail {
 
@@ -2658,9 +2846,56 @@
             return approx;
         }
 
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS)
+        template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type>
+        friend bool operator == ( const T& lhs, Approx const& rhs ) {
+            // Thanks to Richard Harris for his help refining this formula
+            auto lhs_v = double(lhs);
+            return std::fabs( lhs_v - rhs.m_value ) < rhs.m_epsilon * (rhs.m_scale + (std::max)( std::fabs(lhs_v), std::fabs(rhs.m_value) ) );
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type>
+        friend bool operator == ( Approx const& lhs, const T& rhs ) {
+            return operator==( rhs, lhs );
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type>
+        friend bool operator != ( T lhs, Approx const& rhs ) {
+            return !operator==( lhs, rhs );
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type>
+        friend bool operator != ( Approx const& lhs, T rhs ) {
+            return !operator==( rhs, lhs );
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type>
+        friend bool operator <= ( T lhs, Approx const& rhs )
+        {
+          return double(lhs) < rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type>
+        friend bool operator <= ( Approx const& lhs, T rhs )
+        {
+          return lhs.m_value < double(rhs) || lhs == rhs;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type>
+        friend bool operator >= ( T lhs, Approx const& rhs )
+        {
+          return double(lhs) > rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type>
+        friend bool operator >= ( Approx const& lhs, T rhs )
+        {
+          return lhs.m_value > double(rhs) || lhs == rhs;
+        }
+#else
         friend bool operator == ( double lhs, Approx const& rhs ) {
             // Thanks to Richard Harris for his help refining this formula
-            return fabs( lhs - rhs.m_value ) < rhs.m_epsilon * (rhs.m_scale + (std::max)( fabs(lhs), fabs(rhs.m_value) ) );
+            return std::fabs( lhs - rhs.m_value ) < rhs.m_epsilon * (rhs.m_scale + (std::max)( std::fabs(lhs), std::fabs(rhs.m_value) ) );
         }
 
         friend bool operator == ( Approx const& lhs, double rhs ) {
@@ -2694,6 +2929,7 @@
         {
           return lhs.m_value > rhs || lhs == rhs;
         }
+#endif
 
         Approx& epsilon( double newEpsilon ) {
             m_epsilon = newEpsilon;
@@ -2849,7 +3085,8 @@
             IsHidden = 1 << 1,
             ShouldFail = 1 << 2,
             MayFail = 1 << 3,
-            Throws = 1 << 4
+            Throws = 1 << 4,
+            NonPortable = 1 << 5
         };
 
         TestCaseInfo(   std::string const& _name,
@@ -3144,6 +3381,8 @@
 // #included from: catch_wildcard_pattern.hpp
 #define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_WILDCARD_PATTERN_HPP_INCLUDED
 
+#include <stdexcept>
+
 namespace Catch
 {
     class WildcardPattern {
@@ -3161,11 +3400,11 @@
             m_wildcard( NoWildcard ),
             m_pattern( adjustCase( pattern ) )
         {
-            if( startsWith( m_pattern, "*" ) ) {
+            if( startsWith( m_pattern, '*' ) ) {
                 m_pattern = m_pattern.substr( 1 );
                 m_wildcard = WildcardAtStart;
             }
-            if( endsWith( m_pattern, "*" ) ) {
+            if( endsWith( m_pattern, '*' ) ) {
                 m_pattern = m_pattern.substr( 0, m_pattern.size()-1 );
                 m_wildcard = static_cast<WildcardPosition>( m_wildcard | WildcardAtEnd );
             }
@@ -3352,6 +3591,8 @@
             m_start = start;
         }
         void escape() {
+            if( m_mode == None )
+                m_start = m_pos;
             m_mode = EscapedName;
             m_escapeChars.push_back( m_pos );
         }
@@ -3360,7 +3601,7 @@
         void addPattern() {
             std::string token = subString();
             for( size_t i = 0; i < m_escapeChars.size(); ++i )
-                token = token.substr( 0, m_escapeChars[i] ) + token.substr( m_escapeChars[i]+1 );
+                token = token.substr( 0, m_escapeChars[i]-i ) + token.substr( m_escapeChars[i]+1-i );
             m_escapeChars.clear();
             if( startsWith( token, "exclude:" ) ) {
                 m_exclusion = true;
@@ -3395,7 +3636,7 @@
 // #included from: catch_interfaces_config.h
 #define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_INTERFACES_CONFIG_H_INCLUDED
 
-#include <iostream>
+#include <iosfwd>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -3447,6 +3688,8 @@
         virtual RunTests::InWhatOrder runOrder() const = 0;
         virtual unsigned int rngSeed() const = 0;
         virtual UseColour::YesOrNo useColour() const = 0;
+        virtual std::vector<std::string> const& getSectionsToRun() const = 0;
+
     };
 }
 
@@ -3515,8 +3758,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 #include <string>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <ctime>
+#include <stdexcept>
 
 #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH
 #define CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH 80
@@ -3573,6 +3815,7 @@
 
         std::vector<std::string> reporterNames;
         std::vector<std::string> testsOrTags;
+        std::vector<std::string> sectionsToRun;
     };
 
     class Config : public SharedImpl<IConfig> {
@@ -3597,8 +3840,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        virtual ~Config() {
-        }
+        virtual ~Config() {}
 
         std::string const& getFilename() const {
             return m_data.outputFilename ;
@@ -3611,27 +3853,26 @@
 
         std::string getProcessName() const { return m_data.processName; }
 
-        bool shouldDebugBreak() const { return m_data.shouldDebugBreak; }
+        std::vector<std::string> const& getReporterNames() const { return m_data.reporterNames; }
+        std::vector<std::string> const& getSectionsToRun() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return m_data.sectionsToRun; }
 
-        std::vector<std::string> getReporterNames() const { return m_data.reporterNames; }
-
-        int abortAfter() const { return m_data.abortAfter; }
-
-        TestSpec const& testSpec() const { return m_testSpec; }
+        virtual TestSpec const& testSpec() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return m_testSpec; }
 
         bool showHelp() const { return m_data.showHelp; }
-        bool showInvisibles() const { return m_data.showInvisibles; }
 
         // IConfig interface
-        virtual bool allowThrows() const        { return !m_data.noThrow; }
-        virtual std::ostream& stream() const    { return m_stream->stream(); }
-        virtual std::string name() const        { return m_data.name.empty() ? m_data.processName : m_data.name; }
-        virtual bool includeSuccessfulResults() const   { return m_data.showSuccessfulTests; }
-        virtual bool warnAboutMissingAssertions() const { return m_data.warnings & WarnAbout::NoAssertions; }
-        virtual ShowDurations::OrNot showDurations() const { return m_data.showDurations; }
-        virtual RunTests::InWhatOrder runOrder() const  { return m_data.runOrder; }
-        virtual unsigned int rngSeed() const    { return m_data.rngSeed; }
-        virtual UseColour::YesOrNo useColour() const { return m_data.useColour; }
+        virtual bool allowThrows() const CATCH_OVERRIDE                 { return !m_data.noThrow; }
+        virtual std::ostream& stream() const CATCH_OVERRIDE             { return m_stream->stream(); }
+        virtual std::string name() const CATCH_OVERRIDE                 { return m_data.name.empty() ? m_data.processName : m_data.name; }
+        virtual bool includeSuccessfulResults() const CATCH_OVERRIDE    { return m_data.showSuccessfulTests; }
+        virtual bool warnAboutMissingAssertions() const CATCH_OVERRIDE  { return m_data.warnings & WarnAbout::NoAssertions; }
+        virtual ShowDurations::OrNot showDurations() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return m_data.showDurations; }
+        virtual RunTests::InWhatOrder runOrder() const CATCH_OVERRIDE   { return m_data.runOrder; }
+        virtual unsigned int rngSeed() const CATCH_OVERRIDE             { return m_data.rngSeed; }
+        virtual UseColour::YesOrNo useColour() const CATCH_OVERRIDE     { return m_data.useColour; }
+        virtual bool shouldDebugBreak() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return m_data.shouldDebugBreak; }
+        virtual int abortAfter() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return m_data.abortAfter; }
+        virtual bool showInvisibles() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return m_data.showInvisibles; }
 
     private:
 
@@ -4693,6 +4934,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <fstream>
+#include <ctime>
 
 namespace Catch {
 
@@ -4703,13 +4945,14 @@
         config.abortAfter = x;
     }
     inline void addTestOrTags( ConfigData& config, std::string const& _testSpec ) { config.testsOrTags.push_back( _testSpec ); }
+    inline void addSectionToRun( ConfigData& config, std::string const& sectionName ) { config.sectionsToRun.push_back( sectionName ); }
     inline void addReporterName( ConfigData& config, std::string const& _reporterName ) { config.reporterNames.push_back( _reporterName ); }
 
     inline void addWarning( ConfigData& config, std::string const& _warning ) {
         if( _warning == "NoAssertions" )
             config.warnings = static_cast<WarnAbout::What>( config.warnings | WarnAbout::NoAssertions );
         else
-            throw std::runtime_error( "Unrecognised warning: '" + _warning + "'" );
+            throw std::runtime_error( "Unrecognised warning: '" + _warning + '\'' );
     }
     inline void setOrder( ConfigData& config, std::string const& order ) {
         if( startsWith( "declared", order ) )
@@ -4719,7 +4962,7 @@
         else if( startsWith( "random", order ) )
             config.runOrder = RunTests::InRandomOrder;
         else
-            throw std::runtime_error( "Unrecognised ordering: '" + order + "'" );
+            throw std::runtime_error( "Unrecognised ordering: '" + order + '\'' );
     }
     inline void setRngSeed( ConfigData& config, std::string const& seed ) {
         if( seed == "time" ) {
@@ -4730,7 +4973,7 @@
             ss << seed;
             ss >> config.rngSeed;
             if( ss.fail() )
-                throw std::runtime_error( "Argment to --rng-seed should be the word 'time' or a number" );
+                throw std::runtime_error( "Argument to --rng-seed should be the word 'time' or a number" );
         }
     }
     inline void setVerbosity( ConfigData& config, int level ) {
@@ -4765,10 +5008,10 @@
         std::string line;
         while( std::getline( f, line ) ) {
             line = trim(line);
-            if( !line.empty() && !startsWith( line, "#" ) ) {
-                if( !startsWith( line, "\"" ) )
-                    line = "\"" + line + "\"";
-                addTestOrTags( config, line + "," );
+            if( !line.empty() && !startsWith( line, '#' ) ) {
+                if( !startsWith( line, '"' ) )
+                    line = '"' + line + '"';
+                addTestOrTags( config, line + ',' );
             }
         }
     }
@@ -4856,6 +5099,10 @@
             .describe( "adds a tag for the filename" )
             .bind( &ConfigData::filenamesAsTags );
 
+        cli["-c"]["--section"]
+                .describe( "specify section to run" )
+                .bind( &addSectionToRun, "section name" );
+
         // Less common commands which don't have a short form
         cli["--list-test-names-only"]
             .describe( "list all/matching test cases names only" )
@@ -4928,19 +5175,16 @@
         TextAttributes()
         :   initialIndent( std::string::npos ),
             indent( 0 ),
-            width( consoleWidth-1 ),
-            tabChar( '\t' )
+            width( consoleWidth-1 )
         {}
 
         TextAttributes& setInitialIndent( std::size_t _value )  { initialIndent = _value; return *this; }
         TextAttributes& setIndent( std::size_t _value )         { indent = _value; return *this; }
         TextAttributes& setWidth( std::size_t _value )          { width = _value; return *this; }
-        TextAttributes& setTabChar( char _value )               { tabChar = _value; return *this; }
 
         std::size_t initialIndent;  // indent of first line, or npos
         std::size_t indent;         // indent of subsequent lines, or all if initialIndent is npos
         std::size_t width;          // maximum width of text, including indent. Longer text will wrap
-        char tabChar;               // If this char is seen the indent is changed to current pos
     };
 
     class Text {
@@ -4948,62 +5192,76 @@
         Text( std::string const& _str, TextAttributes const& _attr = TextAttributes() )
         : attr( _attr )
         {
-            std::string wrappableChars = " [({.,/|\\-";
-            std::size_t indent = _attr.initialIndent != std::string::npos
-                ? _attr.initialIndent
-                : _attr.indent;
-            std::string remainder = _str;
+            const std::string wrappableBeforeChars = "[({<\t";
+            const std::string wrappableAfterChars = "])}>-,./|\\";
+            const std::string wrappableInsteadOfChars = " \n\r";
+            std::string indent = _attr.initialIndent != std::string::npos
+                ? std::string( _attr.initialIndent, ' ' )
+                : std::string( _attr.indent, ' ' );
 
-            while( !remainder.empty() ) {
+            typedef std::string::const_iterator iterator;
+            iterator it = _str.begin();
+            const iterator strEnd = _str.end();
+
+            while( it != strEnd ) {
+
                 if( lines.size() >= 1000 ) {
                     lines.push_back( "... message truncated due to excessive size" );
                     return;
                 }
-                std::size_t tabPos = std::string::npos;
-                std::size_t width = (std::min)( remainder.size(), _attr.width - indent );
-                std::size_t pos = remainder.find_first_of( '\n' );
-                if( pos <= width ) {
-                    width = pos;
-                }
-                pos = remainder.find_last_of( _attr.tabChar, width );
-                if( pos != std::string::npos ) {
-                    tabPos = pos;
-                    if( remainder[width] == '\n' )
-                        width--;
-                    remainder = remainder.substr( 0, tabPos ) + remainder.substr( tabPos+1 );
-                }
 
-                if( width == remainder.size() ) {
-                    spliceLine( indent, remainder, width );
-                }
-                else if( remainder[width] == '\n' ) {
-                    spliceLine( indent, remainder, width );
-                    if( width <= 1 || remainder.size() != 1 )
-                        remainder = remainder.substr( 1 );
-                    indent = _attr.indent;
-                }
-                else {
-                    pos = remainder.find_last_of( wrappableChars, width );
-                    if( pos != std::string::npos && pos > 0 ) {
-                        spliceLine( indent, remainder, pos );
-                        if( remainder[0] == ' ' )
-                            remainder = remainder.substr( 1 );
+                std::string suffix;
+                std::size_t width = (std::min)( static_cast<size_t>( strEnd-it ), _attr.width-static_cast<size_t>( indent.size() ) );
+                iterator itEnd = it+width;
+                iterator itNext = _str.end();
+
+                iterator itNewLine = std::find( it, itEnd, '\n' );
+                if( itNewLine != itEnd )
+                    itEnd = itNewLine;
+
+                if( itEnd != strEnd  ) {
+                    bool foundWrapPoint = false;
+                    iterator findIt = itEnd;
+                    do {
+                        if( wrappableAfterChars.find( *findIt ) != std::string::npos && findIt != itEnd ) {
+                            itEnd = findIt+1;
+                            itNext = findIt+1;
+                            foundWrapPoint = true;
+                        }
+                        else if( findIt > it && wrappableBeforeChars.find( *findIt ) != std::string::npos ) {
+                            itEnd = findIt;
+                            itNext = findIt;
+                            foundWrapPoint = true;
+                        }
+                        else if( wrappableInsteadOfChars.find( *findIt ) != std::string::npos ) {
+                            itNext = findIt+1;
+                            itEnd = findIt;
+                            foundWrapPoint = true;
+                        }
+                        if( findIt == it )
+                            break;
+                        else
+                            --findIt;
+                    }
+                    while( !foundWrapPoint );
+
+                    if( !foundWrapPoint ) {
+                        // No good wrap char, so we'll break mid word and add a hyphen
+                        --itEnd;
+                        itNext = itEnd;
+                        suffix = "-";
                     }
                     else {
-                        spliceLine( indent, remainder, width-1 );
-                        lines.back() += "-";
+                        while( itEnd > it && wrappableInsteadOfChars.find( *(itEnd-1) ) != std::string::npos )
+                            --itEnd;
                     }
-                    if( lines.size() == 1 )
-                        indent = _attr.indent;
-                    if( tabPos != std::string::npos )
-                        indent += tabPos;
                 }
-            }
-        }
+                lines.push_back( indent + std::string( it, itEnd ) + suffix );
 
-        void spliceLine( std::size_t _indent, std::string& _remainder, std::size_t _pos ) {
-            lines.push_back( std::string( _indent, ' ' ) + _remainder.substr( 0, _pos ) );
-            _remainder = _remainder.substr( _pos );
+                if( indent.size() != _attr.indent )
+                    indent = std::string( _attr.indent, ' ' );
+                it = itNext;
+            }
         }
 
         typedef std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator const_iterator;
@@ -5112,7 +5370,6 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <ostream>
 #include <map>
-#include <assert.h>
 
 namespace Catch
 {
@@ -5400,9 +5657,9 @@
         }
 
         if( !config.testSpec().hasFilters() )
-            Catch::cout() << pluralise( matchedTests, "test case" ) << "\n" << std::endl;
+            Catch::cout() << pluralise( matchedTests, "test case" ) << '\n' << std::endl;
         else
-            Catch::cout() << pluralise( matchedTests, "matching test case" ) << "\n" << std::endl;
+            Catch::cout() << pluralise( matchedTests, "matching test case" ) << '\n' << std::endl;
         return matchedTests;
     }
 
@@ -5417,8 +5674,8 @@
                 ++it ) {
             matchedTests++;
             TestCaseInfo const& testCaseInfo = it->getTestCaseInfo();
-            if( startsWith( testCaseInfo.name, "#" ) )
-               Catch::cout() << "\"" << testCaseInfo.name << "\"" << std::endl;
+            if( startsWith( testCaseInfo.name, '#' ) )
+               Catch::cout() << '"' << testCaseInfo.name << '"' << std::endl;
             else
                Catch::cout() << testCaseInfo.name << std::endl;
         }
@@ -5481,9 +5738,9 @@
                                                     .setInitialIndent( 0 )
                                                     .setIndent( oss.str().size() )
                                                     .setWidth( CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH-10 ) );
-            Catch::cout() << oss.str() << wrapper << "\n";
+            Catch::cout() << oss.str() << wrapper << '\n';
         }
-        Catch::cout() << pluralise( tagCounts.size(), "tag" ) << "\n" << std::endl;
+        Catch::cout() << pluralise( tagCounts.size(), "tag" ) << '\n' << std::endl;
         return tagCounts.size();
     }
 
@@ -5502,9 +5759,9 @@
                                                         .setWidth( CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - maxNameLen-8 ) );
             Catch::cout() << "  "
                     << it->first
-                    << ":"
+                    << ':'
                     << std::string( maxNameLen - it->first.size() + 2, ' ' )
-                    << wrapper << "\n";
+                    << wrapper << '\n';
         }
         Catch::cout() << std::endl;
         return factories.size();
@@ -5535,15 +5792,27 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <vector>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <stdexcept>
 
 namespace Catch {
 namespace TestCaseTracking {
 
+    struct NameAndLocation {
+        std::string name;
+        SourceLineInfo location;
+
+        NameAndLocation( std::string const& _name, SourceLineInfo const& _location )
+        :   name( _name ),
+            location( _location )
+        {}
+    };
+
     struct ITracker : SharedImpl<> {
         virtual ~ITracker();
 
         // static queries
-        virtual std::string name() const = 0;
+        virtual NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation() const = 0;
 
         // dynamic queries
         virtual bool isComplete() const = 0; // Successfully completed or failed
@@ -5559,7 +5828,7 @@
         virtual void markAsNeedingAnotherRun() = 0;
 
         virtual void addChild( Ptr<ITracker> const& child ) = 0;
-        virtual ITracker* findChild( std::string const& name ) = 0;
+        virtual ITracker* findChild( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation ) = 0;
         virtual void openChild() = 0;
 
         // Debug/ checking
@@ -5567,7 +5836,7 @@
         virtual bool isIndexTracker() const = 0;
     };
 
-    class TrackerContext {
+    class  TrackerContext {
 
         enum RunState {
             NotStarted,
@@ -5629,30 +5898,32 @@
             Failed
         };
         class TrackerHasName {
-            std::string m_name;
+            NameAndLocation m_nameAndLocation;
         public:
-            TrackerHasName( std::string const& name ) : m_name( name ) {}
+            TrackerHasName( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation ) : m_nameAndLocation( nameAndLocation ) {}
             bool operator ()( Ptr<ITracker> const& tracker ) {
-                return tracker->name() == m_name;
+                return
+                    tracker->nameAndLocation().name == m_nameAndLocation.name &&
+                    tracker->nameAndLocation().location == m_nameAndLocation.location;
             }
         };
         typedef std::vector<Ptr<ITracker> > Children;
-        std::string m_name;
+        NameAndLocation m_nameAndLocation;
         TrackerContext& m_ctx;
         ITracker* m_parent;
         Children m_children;
         CycleState m_runState;
     public:
-        TrackerBase( std::string const& name, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent )
-        :   m_name( name ),
+        TrackerBase( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent )
+        :   m_nameAndLocation( nameAndLocation ),
             m_ctx( ctx ),
             m_parent( parent ),
             m_runState( NotStarted )
         {}
         virtual ~TrackerBase();
 
-        virtual std::string name() const CATCH_OVERRIDE {
-            return m_name;
+        virtual NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation() const CATCH_OVERRIDE {
+            return m_nameAndLocation;
         }
         virtual bool isComplete() const CATCH_OVERRIDE {
             return m_runState == CompletedSuccessfully || m_runState == Failed;
@@ -5671,8 +5942,8 @@
             m_children.push_back( child );
         }
 
-        virtual ITracker* findChild( std::string const& name ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {
-            Children::const_iterator it = std::find_if( m_children.begin(), m_children.end(), TrackerHasName( name ) );
+        virtual ITracker* findChild( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {
+            Children::const_iterator it = std::find_if( m_children.begin(), m_children.end(), TrackerHasName( nameAndLocation ) );
             return( it != m_children.end() )
                 ? it->get()
                 : CATCH_NULL;
@@ -5750,41 +6021,65 @@
     };
 
     class SectionTracker : public TrackerBase {
+        std::vector<std::string> m_filters;
     public:
-        SectionTracker( std::string const& name, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent )
-        :   TrackerBase( name, ctx, parent )
-        {}
+        SectionTracker( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent )
+        :   TrackerBase( nameAndLocation, ctx, parent )
+        {
+            if( parent ) {
+                while( !parent->isSectionTracker() )
+                    parent = &parent->parent();
+
+                SectionTracker& parentSection = static_cast<SectionTracker&>( *parent );
+                addNextFilters( parentSection.m_filters );
+            }
+        }
         virtual ~SectionTracker();
 
         virtual bool isSectionTracker() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return true; }
 
-        static SectionTracker& acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, std::string const& name ) {
+        static SectionTracker& acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation ) {
             SectionTracker* section = CATCH_NULL;
 
             ITracker& currentTracker = ctx.currentTracker();
-            if( ITracker* childTracker = currentTracker.findChild( name ) ) {
+            if( ITracker* childTracker = currentTracker.findChild( nameAndLocation ) ) {
                 assert( childTracker );
                 assert( childTracker->isSectionTracker() );
                 section = static_cast<SectionTracker*>( childTracker );
             }
             else {
-                section = new SectionTracker( name, ctx, &currentTracker );
+                section = new SectionTracker( nameAndLocation, ctx, &currentTracker );
                 currentTracker.addChild( section );
             }
-            if( !ctx.completedCycle() && !section->isComplete() ) {
-
-                section->open();
-            }
+            if( !ctx.completedCycle() )
+                section->tryOpen();
             return *section;
         }
+
+        void tryOpen() {
+            if( !isComplete() && (m_filters.empty() || m_filters[0].empty() ||  m_filters[0] == m_nameAndLocation.name ) )
+                open();
+        }
+
+        void addInitialFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& filters ) {
+            if( !filters.empty() ) {
+                m_filters.push_back(""); // Root - should never be consulted
+                m_filters.push_back(""); // Test Case - not a section filter
+                std::copy( filters.begin(), filters.end(), std::back_inserter( m_filters ) );
+            }
+        }
+        void addNextFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& filters ) {
+            if( filters.size() > 1 )
+                std::copy( filters.begin()+1, filters.end(), std::back_inserter( m_filters ) );
+        }
     };
 
     class IndexTracker : public TrackerBase {
         int m_size;
         int m_index;
     public:
-        IndexTracker( std::string const& name, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent, int size )
-        :   TrackerBase( name, ctx, parent ),
+        IndexTracker( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent, int size )
+        :   TrackerBase( nameAndLocation, ctx, parent ),
             m_size( size ),
             m_index( -1 )
         {}
@@ -5792,17 +6087,17 @@
 
         virtual bool isIndexTracker() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return true; }
 
-        static IndexTracker& acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, std::string const& name, int size ) {
+        static IndexTracker& acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation, int size ) {
             IndexTracker* tracker = CATCH_NULL;
 
             ITracker& currentTracker = ctx.currentTracker();
-            if( ITracker* childTracker = currentTracker.findChild( name ) ) {
+            if( ITracker* childTracker = currentTracker.findChild( nameAndLocation ) ) {
                 assert( childTracker );
                 assert( childTracker->isIndexTracker() );
                 tracker = static_cast<IndexTracker*>( childTracker );
             }
             else {
-                tracker = new IndexTracker( name, ctx, &currentTracker, size );
+                tracker = new IndexTracker( nameAndLocation, ctx, &currentTracker, size );
                 currentTracker.addChild( tracker );
             }
 
@@ -5830,7 +6125,7 @@
     };
 
     inline ITracker& TrackerContext::startRun() {
-        m_rootTracker = new SectionTracker( "{root}", *this, CATCH_NULL );
+        m_rootTracker = new SectionTracker( NameAndLocation( "{root}", CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ), *this, CATCH_NULL );
         m_currentTracker = CATCH_NULL;
         m_runState = Executing;
         return *m_rootTracker;
@@ -5850,35 +6145,128 @@
 
 namespace Catch {
 
-    // Report the error condition then exit the process
-    inline void fatal( std::string const& message, int exitCode ) {
+    // Report the error condition
+    inline void reportFatal( std::string const& message ) {
         IContext& context = Catch::getCurrentContext();
         IResultCapture* resultCapture = context.getResultCapture();
         resultCapture->handleFatalErrorCondition( message );
-
-		if( Catch::alwaysTrue() ) // avoids "no return" warnings
-            exit( exitCode );
     }
 
 } // namespace Catch
 
 #if defined ( CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS ) /////////////////////////////////////////
+// #included from: catch_windows_h_proxy.h
+
+#define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_WINDOWS_H_PROXY_H_INCLUDED
+
+#ifdef CATCH_DEFINES_NOMINMAX
+#  define NOMINMAX
+#endif
+#ifdef CATCH_DEFINES_WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#  define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __AFXDLL
+#include <AfxWin.h>
+#else
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CATCH_DEFINES_NOMINMAX
+#  undef NOMINMAX
+#endif
+#ifdef CATCH_DEFINES_WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#  undef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+
+
+#  if !defined ( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH )
+
+namespace Catch {
+    struct FatalConditionHandler {
+        void reset() {}
+    };
+}
+
+#  else // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH is defined
 
 namespace Catch {
 
+    struct SignalDefs { DWORD id; const char* name; };
+    extern SignalDefs signalDefs[];
+    // There is no 1-1 mapping between signals and windows exceptions.
+    // Windows can easily distinguish between SO and SigSegV,
+    // but SigInt, SigTerm, etc are handled differently.
+    SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
+        { EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION,  "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal" },
+        { EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW, "SIGSEGV - Stack overflow" },
+        { EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal" },
+        { EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO, "Divide by zero error" },
+    };
+
     struct FatalConditionHandler {
-		void reset() {}
-	};
+
+        static LONG CALLBACK handleVectoredException(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
+                if (ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == signalDefs[i].id) {
+                    reset();
+                    reportFatal(signalDefs[i].name);
+                }
+            }
+            // If its not an exception we care about, pass it along.
+            // This stops us from eating debugger breaks etc.
+            return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
+        }
+
+        FatalConditionHandler() {
+            isSet = true;
+            // 32k seems enough for Catch to handle stack overflow,
+            // but the value was found experimentally, so there is no strong guarantee
+            guaranteeSize = 32 * 1024;
+            exceptionHandlerHandle = CATCH_NULL;
+            // Register as first handler in current chain
+            exceptionHandlerHandle = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1, handleVectoredException);
+            // Pass in guarantee size to be filled
+            SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize);
+        }
+
+        static void reset() {
+            if (isSet) {
+                // Unregister handler and restore the old guarantee
+                RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(exceptionHandlerHandle);
+                SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize);
+                exceptionHandlerHandle = CATCH_NULL;
+                isSet = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~FatalConditionHandler() {
+            reset();
+        }
+    private:
+        static bool isSet;
+        static ULONG guaranteeSize;
+        static PVOID exceptionHandlerHandle;
+    };
+
+    bool FatalConditionHandler::isSet = false;
+    ULONG FatalConditionHandler::guaranteeSize = 0;
+    PVOID FatalConditionHandler::exceptionHandlerHandle = CATCH_NULL;
 
 } // namespace Catch
 
+#  endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+
 #else // Not Windows - assumed to be POSIX compatible //////////////////////////
 
 #include <signal.h>
 
 namespace Catch {
 
-    struct SignalDefs { int id; const char* name; };
+    struct SignalDefs {
+        int id;
+        const char* name;
+    };
     extern SignalDefs signalDefs[];
     SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
             { SIGINT,  "SIGINT - Terminal interrupt signal" },
@@ -5887,35 +6275,66 @@
             { SIGSEGV, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal" },
             { SIGTERM, "SIGTERM - Termination request signal" },
             { SIGABRT, "SIGABRT - Abort (abnormal termination) signal" }
-        };
+    };
 
     struct FatalConditionHandler {
 
+        static bool isSet;
+        static struct sigaction oldSigActions [sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs)];
+        static stack_t oldSigStack;
+        static char altStackMem[SIGSTKSZ];
+
         static void handleSignal( int sig ) {
-            for( std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i )
-                if( sig == signalDefs[i].id )
-                    fatal( signalDefs[i].name, -sig );
-            fatal( "<unknown signal>", -sig );
+            std::string name = "<unknown signal>";
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
+                SignalDefs &def = signalDefs[i];
+                if (sig == def.id) {
+                    name = def.name;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            reset();
+            reportFatal(name);
+            raise( sig );
         }
 
-        FatalConditionHandler() : m_isSet( true ) {
-            for( std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i )
-                signal( signalDefs[i].id, handleSignal );
-        }
-        ~FatalConditionHandler() {
-            reset();
-        }
-        void reset() {
-            if( m_isSet ) {
-                for( std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i )
-                    signal( signalDefs[i].id, SIG_DFL );
-                m_isSet = false;
+        FatalConditionHandler() {
+            isSet = true;
+            stack_t sigStack;
+            sigStack.ss_sp = altStackMem;
+            sigStack.ss_size = SIGSTKSZ;
+            sigStack.ss_flags = 0;
+            sigaltstack(&sigStack, &oldSigStack);
+            struct sigaction sa = { 0 };
+
+            sa.sa_handler = handleSignal;
+            sa.sa_flags = SA_ONSTACK;
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
+                sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &sa, &oldSigActions[i]);
             }
         }
 
-        bool m_isSet;
+        ~FatalConditionHandler() {
+            reset();
+        }
+        static void reset() {
+            if( isSet ) {
+                // Set signals back to previous values -- hopefully nobody overwrote them in the meantime
+                for( std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i ) {
+                    sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &oldSigActions[i], CATCH_NULL);
+                }
+                // Return the old stack
+                sigaltstack(&oldSigStack, CATCH_NULL);
+                isSet = false;
+            }
+        }
     };
 
+    bool FatalConditionHandler::isSet = false;
+    struct sigaction FatalConditionHandler::oldSigActions[sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs)] = {};
+    stack_t FatalConditionHandler::oldSigStack = {};
+    char FatalConditionHandler::altStackMem[SIGSTKSZ] = {};
+
 } // namespace Catch
 
 #endif // not Windows
@@ -5994,10 +6413,12 @@
             m_activeTestCase = &testCase;
 
             do {
-                m_trackerContext.startRun();
+                ITracker& rootTracker = m_trackerContext.startRun();
+                assert( rootTracker.isSectionTracker() );
+                static_cast<SectionTracker&>( rootTracker ).addInitialFilters( m_config->getSectionsToRun() );
                 do {
                     m_trackerContext.startCycle();
-                    m_testCaseTracker = &SectionTracker::acquire( m_trackerContext, testInfo.name );
+                    m_testCaseTracker = &SectionTracker::acquire( m_trackerContext, TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocation( testInfo.name, testInfo.lineInfo ) );
                     runCurrentTest( redirectedCout, redirectedCerr );
                 }
                 while( !m_testCaseTracker->isSuccessfullyCompleted() && !aborting() );
@@ -6042,7 +6463,7 @@
                 m_messages.clear();
 
             // Reset working state
-            m_lastAssertionInfo = AssertionInfo( "", m_lastAssertionInfo.lineInfo, "{Unknown expression after the reported line}" , m_lastAssertionInfo.resultDisposition );
+            m_lastAssertionInfo = AssertionInfo( std::string(), m_lastAssertionInfo.lineInfo, "{Unknown expression after the reported line}" , m_lastAssertionInfo.resultDisposition );
             m_lastResult = result;
         }
 
@@ -6051,10 +6472,7 @@
             Counts& assertions
         )
         {
-            std::ostringstream oss;
-            oss << sectionInfo.name << "@" << sectionInfo.lineInfo;
-
-            ITracker& sectionTracker = SectionTracker::acquire( m_trackerContext, oss.str() );
+            ITracker& sectionTracker = SectionTracker::acquire( m_trackerContext, TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocation( sectionInfo.name, sectionInfo.lineInfo ) );
             if( !sectionTracker.isOpen() )
                 return false;
             m_activeSections.push_back( &sectionTracker );
@@ -6113,7 +6531,7 @@
         virtual std::string getCurrentTestName() const {
             return m_activeTestCase
                 ? m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo().name
-                : "";
+                : std::string();
         }
 
         virtual const AssertionResult* getLastResult() const {
@@ -6143,11 +6561,11 @@
             deltaTotals.testCases.failed = 1;
             m_reporter->testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats(   testInfo,
                                                         deltaTotals,
-                                                        "",
-                                                        "",
+                                                        std::string(),
+                                                        std::string(),
                                                         false ) );
             m_totals.testCases.failed++;
-            testGroupEnded( "", m_totals, 1, 1 );
+            testGroupEnded( std::string(), m_totals, 1, 1 );
             m_reporter->testRunEnded( TestRunStats( m_runInfo, m_totals, false ) );
         }
 
@@ -6166,7 +6584,7 @@
             Counts prevAssertions = m_totals.assertions;
             double duration = 0;
             try {
-                m_lastAssertionInfo = AssertionInfo( "TEST_CASE", testCaseInfo.lineInfo, "", ResultDisposition::Normal );
+                m_lastAssertionInfo = AssertionInfo( "TEST_CASE", testCaseInfo.lineInfo, std::string(), ResultDisposition::Normal );
 
                 seedRng( *m_config );
 
@@ -6496,7 +6914,6 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <set>
 #include <sstream>
-#include <iostream>
 #include <algorithm>
 
 namespace Catch {
@@ -6557,7 +6974,7 @@
 
                 ss  << Colour( Colour::Red )
                     << "error: TEST_CASE( \"" << it->name << "\" ) already defined.\n"
-                    << "\tFirst seen at " << prev.first->getTestCaseInfo().lineInfo << "\n"
+                    << "\tFirst seen at " << prev.first->getTestCaseInfo().lineInfo << '\n'
                     << "\tRedefined at " << it->getTestCaseInfo().lineInfo << std::endl;
 
                 throw std::runtime_error(ss.str());
@@ -6589,7 +7006,7 @@
 
         virtual void registerTest( TestCase const& testCase ) {
             std::string name = testCase.getTestCaseInfo().name;
-            if( name == "" ) {
+            if( name.empty() ) {
                 std::ostringstream oss;
                 oss << "Anonymous test case " << ++m_unnamedCount;
                 return registerTest( testCase.withName( oss.str() ) );
@@ -6638,7 +7055,7 @@
 
     inline std::string extractClassName( std::string const& classOrQualifiedMethodName ) {
         std::string className = classOrQualifiedMethodName;
-        if( startsWith( className, "&" ) )
+        if( startsWith( className, '&' ) )
         {
             std::size_t lastColons = className.rfind( "::" );
             std::size_t penultimateColons = className.rfind( "::", lastColons-1 );
@@ -6856,7 +7273,7 @@
 // #included from: catch_notimplemented_exception.hpp
 #define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_NOTIMPLEMENTED_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
 
-#include <ostream>
+#include <sstream>
 
 namespace Catch {
 
@@ -6928,7 +7345,7 @@
         m_ofs.open( filename.c_str() );
         if( m_ofs.fail() ) {
             std::ostringstream oss;
-            oss << "Unable to open file: '" << filename << "'";
+            oss << "Unable to open file: '" << filename << '\'';
             throw std::domain_error( oss.str() );
         }
     }
@@ -6981,6 +7398,11 @@
         Context( Context const& );
         void operator=( Context const& );
 
+    public:
+        virtual ~Context() {
+            deleteAllValues( m_generatorsByTestName );
+        }
+
     public: // IContext
         virtual IResultCapture* getResultCapture() {
             return m_resultCapture;
@@ -7094,16 +7516,6 @@
 
 #if defined ( CATCH_CONFIG_COLOUR_WINDOWS ) /////////////////////////////////////////
 
-#ifndef NOMINMAX
-#define NOMINMAX
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __AFXDLL
-#include <AfxWin.h>
-#else
-#include <windows.h>
-#endif
-
 namespace Catch {
 namespace {
 
@@ -7370,7 +7782,7 @@
 
     std::string AssertionResult::getExpression() const {
         if( isFalseTest( m_info.resultDisposition ) )
-            return "!" + m_info.capturedExpression;
+            return '!' + m_info.capturedExpression;
         else
             return m_info.capturedExpression;
     }
@@ -7386,7 +7798,7 @@
     }
 
     std::string AssertionResult::getExpandedExpression() const {
-        return m_resultData.reconstructedExpression;
+        return m_resultData.reconstructExpression();
     }
 
     std::string AssertionResult::getMessage() const {
@@ -7400,15 +7812,25 @@
         return m_info.macroName;
     }
 
+    void AssertionResult::discardDecomposedExpression() const {
+        m_resultData.decomposedExpression = CATCH_NULL;
+    }
+
+    void AssertionResult::expandDecomposedExpression() const {
+        m_resultData.reconstructExpression();
+    }
+
 } // end namespace Catch
 
 // #included from: catch_test_case_info.hpp
 #define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_TEST_CASE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
 
+#include <cctype>
+
 namespace Catch {
 
     inline TestCaseInfo::SpecialProperties parseSpecialTag( std::string const& tag ) {
-        if( startsWith( tag, "." ) ||
+        if( startsWith( tag, '.' ) ||
             tag == "hide" ||
             tag == "!hide" )
             return TestCaseInfo::IsHidden;
@@ -7418,11 +7840,13 @@
             return TestCaseInfo::ShouldFail;
         else if( tag == "!mayfail" )
             return TestCaseInfo::MayFail;
+        else if( tag == "!nonportable" )
+            return TestCaseInfo::NonPortable;
         else
             return TestCaseInfo::None;
     }
     inline bool isReservedTag( std::string const& tag ) {
-        return parseSpecialTag( tag ) == TestCaseInfo::None && tag.size() > 0 && !isalnum( tag[0] );
+        return parseSpecialTag( tag ) == TestCaseInfo::None && tag.size() > 0 && !std::isalnum( tag[0] );
     }
     inline void enforceNotReservedTag( std::string const& tag, SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo ) {
         if( isReservedTag( tag ) ) {
@@ -7492,7 +7916,7 @@
 
         std::ostringstream oss;
         for( std::set<std::string>::const_iterator it = tags.begin(), itEnd = tags.end(); it != itEnd; ++it ) {
-            oss << "[" << *it << "]";
+            oss << '[' << *it << ']';
             std::string lcaseTag = toLower( *it );
             testCaseInfo.properties = static_cast<TestCaseInfo::SpecialProperties>( testCaseInfo.properties | parseSpecialTag( lcaseTag ) );
             testCaseInfo.lcaseTags.insert( lcaseTag );
@@ -7608,18 +8032,18 @@
     {}
 
     std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, Version const& version ) {
-        os  << version.majorVersion << "."
-            << version.minorVersion << "."
+        os  << version.majorVersion << '.'
+            << version.minorVersion << '.'
             << version.patchNumber;
 
         if( !version.branchName.empty() ) {
-            os  << "-" << version.branchName
-                << "." << version.buildNumber;
+            os  << '-' << version.branchName
+                << '.' << version.buildNumber;
         }
         return os;
     }
 
-    Version libraryVersion( 1, 6, 0, "", 0 );
+    Version libraryVersion( 1, 7, 2, "", 0 );
 
 }
 
@@ -7790,7 +8214,6 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
-#include <windows.h>
 #else
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #endif
@@ -7839,19 +8262,28 @@
 // #included from: catch_common.hpp
 #define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_COMMON_HPP_INCLUDED
 
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cctype>
+
 namespace Catch {
 
     bool startsWith( std::string const& s, std::string const& prefix ) {
-        return s.size() >= prefix.size() && s.substr( 0, prefix.size() ) == prefix;
+        return s.size() >= prefix.size() && std::equal(prefix.begin(), prefix.end(), s.begin());
+    }
+    bool startsWith( std::string const& s, char prefix ) {
+        return !s.empty() && s[0] == prefix;
     }
     bool endsWith( std::string const& s, std::string const& suffix ) {
-        return s.size() >= suffix.size() && s.substr( s.size()-suffix.size(), suffix.size() ) == suffix;
+        return s.size() >= suffix.size() && std::equal(suffix.rbegin(), suffix.rend(), s.rbegin());
+    }
+    bool endsWith( std::string const& s, char suffix ) {
+        return !s.empty() && s[s.size()-1] == suffix;
     }
     bool contains( std::string const& s, std::string const& infix ) {
         return s.find( infix ) != std::string::npos;
     }
     char toLowerCh(char c) {
-        return static_cast<char>( ::tolower( c ) );
+        return static_cast<char>( std::tolower( c ) );
     }
     void toLowerInPlace( std::string& s ) {
         std::transform( s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(), toLowerCh );
@@ -7866,7 +8298,7 @@
         std::string::size_type start = str.find_first_not_of( whitespaceChars );
         std::string::size_type end = str.find_last_not_of( whitespaceChars );
 
-        return start != std::string::npos ? str.substr( start, 1+end-start ) : "";
+        return start != std::string::npos ? str.substr( start, 1+end-start ) : std::string();
     }
 
     bool replaceInPlace( std::string& str, std::string const& replaceThis, std::string const& withThis ) {
@@ -7889,29 +8321,25 @@
     {}
 
     std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, pluralise const& pluraliser ) {
-        os << pluraliser.m_count << " " << pluraliser.m_label;
+        os << pluraliser.m_count << ' ' << pluraliser.m_label;
         if( pluraliser.m_count != 1 )
-            os << "s";
+            os << 's';
         return os;
     }
 
-    SourceLineInfo::SourceLineInfo() : line( 0 ){}
+    SourceLineInfo::SourceLineInfo() : file(""), line( 0 ){}
     SourceLineInfo::SourceLineInfo( char const* _file, std::size_t _line )
     :   file( _file ),
         line( _line )
     {}
-    SourceLineInfo::SourceLineInfo( SourceLineInfo const& other )
-    :   file( other.file ),
-        line( other.line )
-    {}
     bool SourceLineInfo::empty() const {
-        return file.empty();
+        return file[0] == '\0';
     }
     bool SourceLineInfo::operator == ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const {
-        return line == other.line && file == other.file;
+        return line == other.line && (file == other.file || std::strcmp(file, other.file) == 0);
     }
     bool SourceLineInfo::operator < ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const {
-        return line < other.line || ( line == other.line  && file < other.file );
+        return line < other.line || ( line == other.line && (std::strcmp(file, other.file) < 0));
     }
 
     void seedRng( IConfig const& config ) {
@@ -7924,16 +8352,16 @@
 
     std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, SourceLineInfo const& info ) {
 #ifndef __GNUG__
-        os << info.file << "(" << info.line << ")";
+        os << info.file << '(' << info.line << ')';
 #else
-        os << info.file << ":" << info.line;
+        os << info.file << ':' << info.line;
 #endif
         return os;
     }
 
     void throwLogicError( std::string const& message, SourceLineInfo const& locationInfo ) {
         std::ostringstream oss;
-        oss << locationInfo << ": Internal Catch error: '" << message << "'";
+        oss << locationInfo << ": Internal Catch error: '" << message << '\'';
         if( alwaysTrue() )
             throw std::logic_error( oss.str() );
     }
@@ -7980,8 +8408,6 @@
 // #included from: catch_debugger.hpp
 #define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_DEBUGGER_HPP_INCLUDED
 
-#include <iostream>
-
 #ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
 
     #include <assert.h>
@@ -8030,6 +8456,33 @@
         }
     } // namespace Catch
 
+#elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX)
+    #include <fstream>
+    #include <string>
+
+    namespace Catch{
+        // The standard POSIX way of detecting a debugger is to attempt to
+        // ptrace() the process, but this needs to be done from a child and not
+        // this process itself to still allow attaching to this process later
+        // if wanted, so is rather heavy. Under Linux we have the PID of the
+        // "debugger" (which doesn't need to be gdb, of course, it could also
+        // be strace, for example) in /proc/$PID/status, so just get it from
+        // there instead.
+        bool isDebuggerActive(){
+            std::ifstream in("/proc/self/status");
+            for( std::string line; std::getline(in, line); ) {
+                static const int PREFIX_LEN = 11;
+                if( line.compare(0, PREFIX_LEN, "TracerPid:\t") == 0 ) {
+                    // We're traced if the PID is not 0 and no other PID starts
+                    // with 0 digit, so it's enough to check for just a single
+                    // character.
+                    return line.length() > PREFIX_LEN && line[PREFIX_LEN] != '0';
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    } // namespace Catch
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
     extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall IsDebuggerPresent();
     namespace Catch {
@@ -8051,7 +8504,7 @@
 #endif // Platform
 
 #ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
-    extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) void __stdcall OutputDebugStringA( const char* );
+
     namespace Catch {
         void writeToDebugConsole( std::string const& text ) {
             ::OutputDebugStringA( text.c_str() );
@@ -8127,7 +8580,7 @@
             }
         }
     }
-    return "\"" + s + "\"";
+    return '"' + s + '"';
 }
 std::string toString( std::wstring const& value ) {
 
@@ -8148,19 +8601,19 @@
 
 std::string toString( const wchar_t* const value )
 {
-	return value ? Catch::toString( std::wstring(value) ) : std::string( "{null string}" );
+    return value ? Catch::toString( std::wstring(value) ) : std::string( "{null string}" );
 }
 
 std::string toString( wchar_t* const value )
 {
-	return Catch::toString( static_cast<const wchar_t*>( value ) );
+    return Catch::toString( static_cast<const wchar_t*>( value ) );
 }
 
 std::string toString( int value ) {
     std::ostringstream oss;
     oss << value;
     if( value > Detail::hexThreshold )
-        oss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ")";
+        oss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ')';
     return oss.str();
 }
 
@@ -8168,7 +8621,7 @@
     std::ostringstream oss;
     oss << value;
     if( value > Detail::hexThreshold )
-        oss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ")";
+        oss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ')';
     return oss.str();
 }
 
@@ -8196,7 +8649,7 @@
     return fpToString( value, 10 );
 }
 std::string toString( const float value ) {
-    return fpToString( value, 5 ) + "f";
+    return fpToString( value, 5 ) + 'f';
 }
 
 std::string toString( bool value ) {
@@ -8204,9 +8657,19 @@
 }
 
 std::string toString( char value ) {
-    return value < ' '
-        ? toString( static_cast<unsigned int>( value ) )
-        : Detail::makeString( value );
+    if ( value == '\r' )
+        return "'\\r'";
+    if ( value == '\f' )
+        return "'\\f'";
+    if ( value == '\n' )
+        return "'\\n'";
+    if ( value == '\t' )
+        return "'\\t'";
+    if ( '\0' <= value && value < ' ' )
+        return toString( static_cast<unsigned int>( value ) );
+    char chstr[] = "' '";
+    chstr[1] = value;
+    return chstr;
 }
 
 std::string toString( signed char value ) {
@@ -8222,14 +8685,14 @@
     std::ostringstream oss;
     oss << value;
     if( value > Detail::hexThreshold )
-        oss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ")";
+        oss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ')';
     return oss.str();
 }
 std::string toString( unsigned long long value ) {
     std::ostringstream oss;
     oss << value;
     if( value > Detail::hexThreshold )
-        oss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ")";
+        oss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ')';
     return oss.str();
 }
 #endif
@@ -8286,22 +8749,10 @@
         m_data.resultType = result ? ResultWas::Ok : ResultWas::ExpressionFailed;
         return *this;
     }
-    ResultBuilder& ResultBuilder::setLhs( std::string const& lhs ) {
-        m_exprComponents.lhs = lhs;
-        return *this;
-    }
-    ResultBuilder& ResultBuilder::setRhs( std::string const& rhs ) {
-        m_exprComponents.rhs = rhs;
-        return *this;
-    }
-    ResultBuilder& ResultBuilder::setOp( std::string const& op ) {
-        m_exprComponents.op = op;
-        return *this;
-    }
 
-    void ResultBuilder::endExpression() {
-        m_exprComponents.testFalse = isFalseTest( m_assertionInfo.resultDisposition );
-        captureExpression();
+    void ResultBuilder::endExpression( DecomposedExpression const& expr ) {
+        AssertionResult result = build( expr );
+        handleResult( result );
     }
 
     void ResultBuilder::useActiveException( ResultDisposition::Flags resultDisposition ) {
@@ -8314,6 +8765,7 @@
         setResultType( resultType );
         captureExpression();
     }
+
     void ResultBuilder::captureExpectedException( std::string const& expectedMessage ) {
         if( expectedMessage.empty() )
             captureExpectedException( Matchers::Impl::Generic::AllOf<std::string>() );
@@ -8323,7 +8775,7 @@
 
     void ResultBuilder::captureExpectedException( Matchers::Impl::Matcher<std::string> const& matcher ) {
 
-        assert( m_exprComponents.testFalse == false );
+        assert( !isFalseTest( m_assertionInfo.resultDisposition ) );
         AssertionResultData data = m_data;
         data.resultType = ResultWas::Ok;
         data.reconstructedExpression = m_assertionInfo.capturedExpression;
@@ -8341,6 +8793,7 @@
         AssertionResult result = build();
         handleResult( result );
     }
+
     void ResultBuilder::handleResult( AssertionResult const& result )
     {
         getResultCapture().assertionEnded( result );
@@ -8352,6 +8805,7 @@
                 m_shouldThrow = true;
         }
     }
+
     void ResultBuilder::react() {
         if( m_shouldThrow )
             throw Catch::TestFailureException();
@@ -8362,43 +8816,32 @@
 
     AssertionResult ResultBuilder::build() const
     {
-        assert( m_data.resultType != ResultWas::Unknown );
+        return build( *this );
+    }
 
+    // CAVEAT: The returned AssertionResult stores a pointer to the argument expr,
+    //         a temporary DecomposedExpression, which in turn holds references to
+    //         operands, possibly temporary as well.
+    //         It should immediately be passed to handleResult; if the expression
+    //         needs to be reported, its string expansion must be composed before
+    //         the temporaries are destroyed.
+    AssertionResult ResultBuilder::build( DecomposedExpression const& expr ) const
+    {
+        assert( m_data.resultType != ResultWas::Unknown );
         AssertionResultData data = m_data;
 
-        // Flip bool results if testFalse is set
-        if( m_exprComponents.testFalse ) {
-            if( data.resultType == ResultWas::Ok )
-                data.resultType = ResultWas::ExpressionFailed;
-            else if( data.resultType == ResultWas::ExpressionFailed )
-                data.resultType = ResultWas::Ok;
+        // Flip bool results if FalseTest flag is set
+        if( isFalseTest( m_assertionInfo.resultDisposition ) ) {
+            data.negate( expr.isBinaryExpression() );
         }
 
         data.message = m_stream.oss.str();
-        data.reconstructedExpression = reconstructExpression();
-        if( m_exprComponents.testFalse ) {
-            if( m_exprComponents.op == "" )
-                data.reconstructedExpression = "!" + data.reconstructedExpression;
-            else
-                data.reconstructedExpression = "!(" + data.reconstructedExpression + ")";
-        }
+        data.decomposedExpression = &expr; // for lazy reconstruction
         return AssertionResult( m_assertionInfo, data );
     }
-    std::string ResultBuilder::reconstructExpression() const {
-        if( m_exprComponents.op == "" )
-            return m_exprComponents.lhs.empty() ? m_assertionInfo.capturedExpression : m_exprComponents.lhs;
-        else if( m_exprComponents.op == "matches" )
-            return m_exprComponents.lhs + " " + m_exprComponents.rhs;
-        else if( m_exprComponents.op != "!" ) {
-            if( m_exprComponents.lhs.size() + m_exprComponents.rhs.size() < 40 &&
-                m_exprComponents.lhs.find("\n") == std::string::npos &&
-                m_exprComponents.rhs.find("\n") == std::string::npos )
-                return m_exprComponents.lhs + " " + m_exprComponents.op + " " + m_exprComponents.rhs;
-            else
-                return m_exprComponents.lhs + "\n" + m_exprComponents.op + "\n" + m_exprComponents.rhs;
-        }
-        else
-            return "{can't expand - use " + m_assertionInfo.macroName + "_FALSE( " + m_assertionInfo.capturedExpression.substr(1) + " ) instead of " + m_assertionInfo.macroName + "( " + m_assertionInfo.capturedExpression + " ) for better diagnostics}";
+
+    void ResultBuilder::reconstructExpression( std::string& dest ) const {
+        dest = m_assertionInfo.capturedExpression;
     }
 
 } // end namespace Catch
@@ -8427,9 +8870,6 @@
 
 } // end namespace Catch
 
-#include <map>
-#include <iostream>
-
 namespace Catch {
 
     TagAliasRegistry::~TagAliasRegistry() {}
@@ -8459,7 +8899,7 @@
 
     void TagAliasRegistry::add( char const* alias, char const* tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) {
 
-        if( !startsWith( alias, "[@" ) || !endsWith( alias, "]" ) ) {
+        if( !startsWith( alias, "[@" ) || !endsWith( alias, ']' ) ) {
             std::ostringstream oss;
             oss << "error: tag alias, \"" << alias << "\" is not of the form [@alias name].\n" << lineInfo;
             throw std::domain_error( oss.str().c_str() );
@@ -8467,7 +8907,7 @@
         if( !m_registry.insert( std::make_pair( alias, TagAlias( tag, lineInfo ) ) ).second ) {
             std::ostringstream oss;
             oss << "error: tag alias, \"" << alias << "\" already registered.\n"
-                << "\tFirst seen at " << find(alias)->lineInfo << "\n"
+                << "\tFirst seen at " << find(alias)->lineInfo << '\n'
                 << "\tRedefined at " << lineInfo;
             throw std::domain_error( oss.str().c_str() );
         }
@@ -8735,12 +9175,12 @@
 
         struct BySectionInfo {
             BySectionInfo( SectionInfo const& other ) : m_other( other ) {}
-			BySectionInfo( BySectionInfo const& other ) : m_other( other.m_other ) {}
+            BySectionInfo( BySectionInfo const& other ) : m_other( other.m_other ) {}
             bool operator() ( Ptr<SectionNode> const& node ) const {
                 return node->stats.sectionInfo.lineInfo == m_other.lineInfo;
             }
         private:
-			void operator=( BySectionInfo const& );
+            void operator=( BySectionInfo const& );
             SectionInfo const& m_other;
         };
 
@@ -8796,6 +9236,12 @@
             assert( !m_sectionStack.empty() );
             SectionNode& sectionNode = *m_sectionStack.back();
             sectionNode.assertions.push_back( assertionStats );
+            // AssertionResult holds a pointer to a temporary DecomposedExpression,
+            // which getExpandedExpression() calls to build the expression string.
+            // Our section stack copy of the assertionResult will likely outlive the
+            // temporary, so it must be expanded or discarded now to avoid calling
+            // a destroyed object later.
+            prepareExpandedExpression( sectionNode.assertions.back().assertionResult );
             return true;
         }
         virtual void sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {
@@ -8830,6 +9276,13 @@
 
         virtual void skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {}
 
+        virtual void prepareExpandedExpression( AssertionResult& result ) const {
+            if( result.isOk() )
+                result.discardDecomposedExpression();
+            else
+                result.expandDecomposedExpression();
+        }
+
         Ptr<IConfig const> m_config;
         std::ostream& stream;
         std::vector<AssertionStats> m_assertions;
@@ -8850,7 +9303,7 @@
     char const* getLineOfChars() {
         static char line[CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH] = {0};
         if( !*line ) {
-            memset( line, C, CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH-1 );
+            std::memset( line, C, CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH-1 );
             line[CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH-1] = 0;
         }
         return line;
@@ -8935,7 +9388,7 @@
                 return new T( config );
             }
             virtual std::string getDescription() const {
-                return "";
+                return std::string();
             }
         };
 
@@ -9004,8 +9457,11 @@
                     default:
                         // Escape control chars - based on contribution by @espenalb in PR #465 and
                         // by @mrpi PR #588
-                        if ( ( c >= 0 && c < '\x09' ) || ( c > '\x0D' && c < '\x20') || c=='\x7F' )
-                            os << "&#x" << std::uppercase << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << static_cast<int>( c ) << ';';
+                        if ( ( c >= 0 && c < '\x09' ) || ( c > '\x0D' && c < '\x20') || c=='\x7F' ) {
+                            // see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/404107/why-are-control-characters-illegal-in-xml-1-0
+                            os << "\\x" << std::uppercase << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2)
+                               << static_cast<int>( c );
+                        }
                         else
                             os << c;
                 }
@@ -9059,20 +9515,17 @@
         XmlWriter()
         :   m_tagIsOpen( false ),
             m_needsNewline( false ),
-            m_os( &Catch::cout() )
+            m_os( Catch::cout() )
         {
-            // We encode control characters, which requires
-            // XML 1.1
-            // see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/404107/why-are-control-characters-illegal-in-xml-1-0
-            *m_os << "<?xml version=\"1.1\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+            writeDeclaration();
         }
 
         XmlWriter( std::ostream& os )
         :   m_tagIsOpen( false ),
             m_needsNewline( false ),
-            m_os( &os )
+            m_os( os )
         {
-            *m_os << "<?xml version=\"1.1\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+            writeDeclaration();
         }
 
         ~XmlWriter() {
@@ -9083,7 +9536,7 @@
         XmlWriter& startElement( std::string const& name ) {
             ensureTagClosed();
             newlineIfNecessary();
-            stream() << m_indent << "<" << name;
+            m_os << m_indent << '<' << name;
             m_tags.push_back( name );
             m_indent += "  ";
             m_tagIsOpen = true;
@@ -9100,24 +9553,25 @@
             newlineIfNecessary();
             m_indent = m_indent.substr( 0, m_indent.size()-2 );
             if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
-                stream() << "/>\n";
+                m_os << "/>";
                 m_tagIsOpen = false;
             }
             else {
-                stream() << m_indent << "</" << m_tags.back() << ">\n";
+                m_os << m_indent << "</" << m_tags.back() << ">";
             }
+            m_os << std::endl;
             m_tags.pop_back();
             return *this;
         }
 
         XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, std::string const& attribute ) {
             if( !name.empty() && !attribute.empty() )
-                stream() << " " << name << "=\"" << XmlEncode( attribute, XmlEncode::ForAttributes ) << "\"";
+                m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << XmlEncode( attribute, XmlEncode::ForAttributes ) << '"';
             return *this;
         }
 
         XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, bool attribute ) {
-            stream() << " " << name << "=\"" << ( attribute ? "true" : "false" ) << "\"";
+            m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << ( attribute ? "true" : "false" ) << '"';
             return *this;
         }
 
@@ -9133,8 +9587,8 @@
                 bool tagWasOpen = m_tagIsOpen;
                 ensureTagClosed();
                 if( tagWasOpen && indent )
-                    stream() << m_indent;
-                stream() << XmlEncode( text );
+                    m_os << m_indent;
+                m_os << XmlEncode( text );
                 m_needsNewline = true;
             }
             return *this;
@@ -9142,39 +9596,39 @@
 
         XmlWriter& writeComment( std::string const& text ) {
             ensureTagClosed();
-            stream() << m_indent << "<!--" << text << "-->";
+            m_os << m_indent << "<!--" << text << "-->";
             m_needsNewline = true;
             return *this;
         }
 
+        void writeStylesheetRef( std::string const& url ) {
+            m_os << "<?xml-stylesheet type=\"text/xsl\" href=\"" << url << "\"?>\n";
+        }
+
         XmlWriter& writeBlankLine() {
             ensureTagClosed();
-            stream() << "\n";
+            m_os << '\n';
             return *this;
         }
 
-        void setStream( std::ostream& os ) {
-            m_os = &os;
+        void ensureTagClosed() {
+            if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+                m_os << ">" << std::endl;
+                m_tagIsOpen = false;
+            }
         }
 
     private:
         XmlWriter( XmlWriter const& );
         void operator=( XmlWriter const& );
 
-        std::ostream& stream() {
-            return *m_os;
-        }
-
-        void ensureTagClosed() {
-            if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
-                stream() << ">\n";
-                m_tagIsOpen = false;
-            }
+        void writeDeclaration() {
+            m_os << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
         }
 
         void newlineIfNecessary() {
             if( m_needsNewline ) {
-                stream() << "\n";
+                m_os << std::endl;
                 m_needsNewline = false;
             }
         }
@@ -9183,7 +9637,7 @@
         bool m_needsNewline;
         std::vector<std::string> m_tags;
         std::string m_indent;
-        std::ostream* m_os;
+        std::ostream& m_os;
     };
 
 }
@@ -9219,6 +9673,10 @@
             return "Reports test results as an XML document";
         }
 
+        virtual std::string getStylesheetRef() const {
+            return std::string();
+        }
+
     public: // StreamingReporterBase
 
         virtual void noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& s ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {
@@ -9227,6 +9685,9 @@
 
         virtual void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testInfo ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {
             StreamingReporterBase::testRunStarting( testInfo );
+            std::string stylesheetRef = getStylesheetRef();
+            if( !stylesheetRef.empty() )
+                m_xml.writeStylesheetRef( stylesheetRef );
             m_xml.startElement( "Catch" );
             if( !m_config->name().empty() )
                 m_xml.writeAttribute( "name", m_config->name() );
@@ -9240,10 +9701,14 @@
 
         virtual void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {
             StreamingReporterBase::testCaseStarting(testInfo);
-            m_xml.startElement( "TestCase" ).writeAttribute( "name", testInfo.name );
+            m_xml.startElement( "TestCase" )
+                .writeAttribute( "name", trim( testInfo.name ) )
+                .writeAttribute( "description", testInfo.description )
+                .writeAttribute( "tags", testInfo.tagsAsString );
 
             if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
                 m_testCaseTimer.start();
+            m_xml.ensureTagClosed();
         }
 
         virtual void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {
@@ -9252,6 +9717,7 @@
                 m_xml.startElement( "Section" )
                     .writeAttribute( "name", trim( sectionInfo.name ) )
                     .writeAttribute( "description", sectionInfo.description );
+                m_xml.ensureTagClosed();
             }
         }
 
@@ -9283,7 +9749,7 @@
             if( assertionResult.hasExpression() ) {
                 m_xml.startElement( "Expression" )
                     .writeAttribute( "success", assertionResult.succeeded() )
-					.writeAttribute( "type", assertionResult.getTestMacroName() )
+                    .writeAttribute( "type", assertionResult.getTestMacroName() )
                     .writeAttribute( "filename", assertionResult.getSourceInfo().file )
                     .writeAttribute( "line", assertionResult.getSourceInfo().line );
 
@@ -9351,6 +9817,11 @@
             if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
                 e.writeAttribute( "durationInSeconds", m_testCaseTimer.getElapsedSeconds() );
 
+            if( !testCaseStats.stdOut.empty() )
+                m_xml.scopedElement( "StdOut" ).writeText( trim( testCaseStats.stdOut ), false );
+            if( !testCaseStats.stdErr.empty() )
+                m_xml.scopedElement( "StdErr" ).writeText( trim( testCaseStats.stdErr ), false );
+
             m_xml.endElement();
         }
 
@@ -9390,6 +9861,35 @@
 
 namespace Catch {
 
+    namespace {
+        std::string getCurrentTimestamp() {
+            // Beware, this is not reentrant because of backward compatibility issues
+            // Also, UTC only, again because of backward compatibility (%z is C++11)
+            time_t rawtime;
+            std::time(&rawtime);
+            const size_t timeStampSize = sizeof("2017-01-16T17:06:45Z");
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+            std::tm timeInfo = {};
+            gmtime_s(&timeInfo, &rawtime);
+#else
+            std::tm* timeInfo;
+            timeInfo = std::gmtime(&rawtime);
+#endif
+
+            char timeStamp[timeStampSize];
+            const char * const fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ";
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+            std::strftime(timeStamp, timeStampSize, fmt, &timeInfo);
+#else
+            std::strftime(timeStamp, timeStampSize, fmt, timeInfo);
+#endif
+            return std::string(timeStamp);
+        }
+
+    }
+
     class JunitReporter : public CumulativeReporterBase {
     public:
         JunitReporter( ReporterConfig const& _config )
@@ -9454,7 +9954,7 @@
                 xml.writeAttribute( "time", "" );
             else
                 xml.writeAttribute( "time", suiteTime );
-            xml.writeAttribute( "timestamp", "tbd" ); // !TBD
+            xml.writeAttribute( "timestamp", getCurrentTimestamp() );
 
             // Write test cases
             for( TestGroupNode::ChildNodes::const_iterator
@@ -9489,7 +9989,7 @@
                             SectionNode const& sectionNode ) {
             std::string name = trim( sectionNode.stats.sectionInfo.name );
             if( !rootName.empty() )
-                name = rootName + "/" + name;
+                name = rootName + '/' + name;
 
             if( !sectionNode.assertions.empty() ||
                 !sectionNode.stdOut.empty() ||
@@ -9567,14 +10067,14 @@
 
                 std::ostringstream oss;
                 if( !result.getMessage().empty() )
-                    oss << result.getMessage() << "\n";
+                    oss << result.getMessage() << '\n';
                 for( std::vector<MessageInfo>::const_iterator
                         it = stats.infoMessages.begin(),
                         itEnd = stats.infoMessages.end();
                             it != itEnd;
                             ++it )
                     if( it->type == ResultWas::Info )
-                        oss << it->message << "\n";
+                        oss << it->message << '\n';
 
                 oss << "at " << result.getSourceInfo();
                 xml.writeText( oss.str(), false );
@@ -9609,7 +10109,7 @@
         }
 
         virtual void noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& spec ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {
-            stream << "No test cases matched '" << spec << "'" << std::endl;
+            stream << "No test cases matched '" << spec << '\'' << std::endl;
         }
 
         virtual void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {
@@ -9651,12 +10151,12 @@
             }
             if( m_headerPrinted ) {
                 if( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
-                    stream << "Completed in " << _sectionStats.durationInSeconds << "s" << std::endl;
+                    stream << "Completed in " << _sectionStats.durationInSeconds << 's' << std::endl;
                 m_headerPrinted = false;
             }
             else {
                 if( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
-                    stream << _sectionStats.sectionInfo.name << " completed in " << _sectionStats.durationInSeconds << "s" << std::endl;
+                    stream << _sectionStats.sectionInfo.name << " completed in " << _sectionStats.durationInSeconds << 's' << std::endl;
             }
             StreamingReporterBase::sectionEnded( _sectionStats );
         }
@@ -9670,7 +10170,7 @@
                 printSummaryDivider();
                 stream << "Summary for group '" << _testGroupStats.groupInfo.name << "':\n";
                 printTotals( _testGroupStats.totals );
-                stream << "\n" << std::endl;
+                stream << '\n' << std::endl;
             }
             StreamingReporterBase::testGroupEnded( _testGroupStats );
         }
@@ -9762,13 +10262,13 @@
                 printSourceInfo();
                 if( stats.totals.assertions.total() > 0 ) {
                     if( result.isOk() )
-                        stream << "\n";
+                        stream << '\n';
                     printResultType();
                     printOriginalExpression();
                     printReconstructedExpression();
                 }
                 else {
-                    stream << "\n";
+                    stream << '\n';
                 }
                 printMessage();
             }
@@ -9785,25 +10285,25 @@
                     Colour colourGuard( Colour::OriginalExpression );
                     stream  << "  ";
                     stream << result.getExpressionInMacro();
-                    stream << "\n";
+                    stream << '\n';
                 }
             }
             void printReconstructedExpression() const {
                 if( result.hasExpandedExpression() ) {
                     stream << "with expansion:\n";
                     Colour colourGuard( Colour::ReconstructedExpression );
-                    stream << Text( result.getExpandedExpression(), TextAttributes().setIndent(2) ) << "\n";
+                    stream << Text( result.getExpandedExpression(), TextAttributes().setIndent(2) ) << '\n';
                 }
             }
             void printMessage() const {
                 if( !messageLabel.empty() )
-                    stream << messageLabel << ":" << "\n";
+                    stream << messageLabel << ':' << '\n';
                 for( std::vector<MessageInfo>::const_iterator it = messages.begin(), itEnd = messages.end();
                         it != itEnd;
                         ++it ) {
                     // If this assertion is a warning ignore any INFO messages
                     if( printInfoMessages || it->type != ResultWas::Info )
-                        stream << Text( it->message, TextAttributes().setIndent(2) ) << "\n";
+                        stream << Text( it->message, TextAttributes().setIndent(2) ) << '\n';
                 }
             }
             void printSourceInfo() const {
@@ -9835,7 +10335,7 @@
             }
         }
         void lazyPrintRunInfo() {
-            stream  << "\n" << getLineOfChars<'~'>() << "\n";
+            stream  << '\n' << getLineOfChars<'~'>() << '\n';
             Colour colour( Colour::SecondaryText );
             stream  << currentTestRunInfo->name
                     << " is a Catch v"  << libraryVersion << " host application.\n"
@@ -9866,22 +10366,22 @@
                     printHeaderString( it->name, 2 );
             }
 
-            SourceLineInfo lineInfo = m_sectionStack.front().lineInfo;
+            SourceLineInfo lineInfo = m_sectionStack.back().lineInfo;
 
             if( !lineInfo.empty() ){
-                stream << getLineOfChars<'-'>() << "\n";
+                stream << getLineOfChars<'-'>() << '\n';
                 Colour colourGuard( Colour::FileName );
-                stream << lineInfo << "\n";
+                stream << lineInfo << '\n';
             }
-            stream << getLineOfChars<'.'>() << "\n" << std::endl;
+            stream << getLineOfChars<'.'>() << '\n' << std::endl;
         }
 
         void printClosedHeader( std::string const& _name ) {
             printOpenHeader( _name );
-            stream << getLineOfChars<'.'>() << "\n";
+            stream << getLineOfChars<'.'>() << '\n';
         }
         void printOpenHeader( std::string const& _name ) {
-            stream  << getLineOfChars<'-'>() << "\n";
+            stream  << getLineOfChars<'-'>() << '\n';
             {
                 Colour colourGuard( Colour::Headers );
                 printHeaderString( _name );
@@ -9898,7 +10398,7 @@
                 i = 0;
             stream << Text( _string, TextAttributes()
                                         .setIndent( indent+i)
-                                        .setInitialIndent( indent ) ) << "\n";
+                                        .setInitialIndent( indent ) ) << '\n';
         }
 
         struct SummaryColumn {
@@ -9913,9 +10413,9 @@
                 std::string row = oss.str();
                 for( std::vector<std::string>::iterator it = rows.begin(); it != rows.end(); ++it ) {
                     while( it->size() < row.size() )
-                        *it = " " + *it;
+                        *it = ' ' + *it;
                     while( it->size() > row.size() )
-                        row = " " + row;
+                        row = ' ' + row;
                 }
                 rows.push_back( row );
                 return *this;
@@ -9935,8 +10435,8 @@
                 stream << Colour( Colour::ResultSuccess ) << "All tests passed";
                 stream << " ("
                         << pluralise( totals.assertions.passed, "assertion" ) << " in "
-                        << pluralise( totals.testCases.passed, "test case" ) << ")"
-                        << "\n";
+                        << pluralise( totals.testCases.passed, "test case" ) << ')'
+                        << '\n';
             }
             else {
 
@@ -9971,10 +10471,10 @@
                 else if( value != "0" ) {
                     stream  << Colour( Colour::LightGrey ) << " | ";
                     stream  << Colour( it->colour )
-                            << value << " " << it->label;
+                            << value << ' ' << it->label;
                 }
             }
-            stream << "\n";
+            stream << '\n';
         }
 
         static std::size_t makeRatio( std::size_t number, std::size_t total ) {
@@ -10010,10 +10510,10 @@
             else {
                 stream << Colour( Colour::Warning ) << std::string( CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH-1, '=' );
             }
-            stream << "\n";
+            stream << '\n';
         }
         void printSummaryDivider() {
-            stream << getLineOfChars<'-'>() << "\n";
+            stream << getLineOfChars<'-'>() << '\n';
         }
 
     private:
@@ -10048,7 +10548,7 @@
         }
 
         virtual void noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& spec ) {
-            stream << "No test cases matched '" << spec << "'" << std::endl;
+            stream << "No test cases matched '" << spec << '\'' << std::endl;
         }
 
         virtual void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) {
@@ -10075,7 +10575,7 @@
 
         virtual void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& _testRunStats ) {
             printTotals( _testRunStats.totals );
-            stream << "\n" << std::endl;
+            stream << '\n' << std::endl;
             StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded( _testRunStats );
         }
 
@@ -10175,26 +10675,26 @@
 
             void printSourceInfo() const {
                 Colour colourGuard( Colour::FileName );
-                stream << result.getSourceInfo() << ":";
+                stream << result.getSourceInfo() << ':';
             }
 
             void printResultType( Colour::Code colour, std::string passOrFail ) const {
                 if( !passOrFail.empty() ) {
                     {
                         Colour colourGuard( colour );
-                        stream << " " << passOrFail;
+                        stream << ' ' << passOrFail;
                     }
-                    stream << ":";
+                    stream << ':';
                 }
             }
 
             void printIssue( std::string issue ) const {
-                stream << " " << issue;
+                stream << ' ' << issue;
             }
 
             void printExpressionWas() {
                 if( result.hasExpression() ) {
-                    stream << ";";
+                    stream << ';';
                     {
                         Colour colour( dimColour() );
                         stream << " expression was:";
@@ -10205,7 +10705,7 @@
 
             void printOriginalExpression() const {
                 if( result.hasExpression() ) {
-                    stream << " " << result.getExpression();
+                    stream << ' ' << result.getExpression();
                 }
             }
 
@@ -10221,7 +10721,7 @@
 
             void printMessage() {
                 if ( itMessage != messages.end() ) {
-                    stream << " '" << itMessage->message << "'";
+                    stream << " '" << itMessage->message << '\'';
                     ++itMessage;
                 }
             }
@@ -10236,13 +10736,13 @@
 
                 {
                     Colour colourGuard( colour );
-                    stream << " with " << pluralise( N, "message" ) << ":";
+                    stream << " with " << pluralise( N, "message" ) << ':';
                 }
 
                 for(; itMessage != itEnd; ) {
                     // If this assertion is a warning ignore any INFO messages
                     if( printInfoMessages || itMessage->type != ResultWas::Info ) {
-                        stream << " '" << itMessage->message << "'";
+                        stream << " '" << itMessage->message << '\'';
                         if ( ++itMessage != itEnd ) {
                             Colour colourGuard( dimColour() );
                             stream << " and";
@@ -10268,7 +10768,7 @@
         // - green: Passed [both/all] N tests cases with M assertions.
 
         std::string bothOrAll( std::size_t count ) const {
-            return count == 1 ? "" : count == 2 ? "both " : "all " ;
+            return count == 1 ? std::string() : count == 2 ? "both " : "all " ;
         }
 
         void printTotals( const Totals& totals ) const {
@@ -10279,12 +10779,12 @@
                 Colour colour( Colour::ResultError );
                 const std::string qualify_assertions_failed =
                     totals.assertions.failed == totals.assertions.total() ?
-                        bothOrAll( totals.assertions.failed ) : "";
+                        bothOrAll( totals.assertions.failed ) : std::string();
                 stream <<
                     "Failed " << bothOrAll( totals.testCases.failed )
                               << pluralise( totals.testCases.failed, "test case"  ) << ", "
                     "failed " << qualify_assertions_failed <<
-                                 pluralise( totals.assertions.failed, "assertion" ) << ".";
+                                 pluralise( totals.assertions.failed, "assertion" ) << '.';
             }
             else if( totals.assertions.total() == 0 ) {
                 stream <<
@@ -10296,14 +10796,14 @@
                 Colour colour( Colour::ResultError );
                 stream <<
                     "Failed " << pluralise( totals.testCases.failed, "test case"  ) << ", "
-                    "failed " << pluralise( totals.assertions.failed, "assertion" ) << ".";
+                    "failed " << pluralise( totals.assertions.failed, "assertion" ) << '.';
             }
             else {
                 Colour colour( Colour::ResultSuccess );
                 stream <<
                     "Passed " << bothOrAll( totals.testCases.passed )
                               << pluralise( totals.testCases.passed, "test case"  ) <<
-                    " with "  << pluralise( totals.assertions.passed, "assertion" ) << ".";
+                    " with "  << pluralise( totals.assertions.passed, "assertion" ) << '.';
             }
         }
     };
@@ -10389,7 +10889,8 @@
 
 // Standard C/C++ main entry point
 int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {
-    return Catch::Session().run( argc, argv );
+    int result = Catch::Session().run( argc, argv );
+    return ( result < 0xff ? result : 0xff );
 }
 
 #else // __OBJC__
@@ -10407,7 +10908,7 @@
     [pool drain];
 #endif
 
-    return result;
+    return ( result < 0xff ? result : 0xff );
 }
 
 #endif // __OBJC__
@@ -10442,7 +10943,7 @@
 #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( expr, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, matcher, "CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_WITH" )
 #define CATCH_CHECK_NOTHROW( expr ) INTERNAL_CATCH_NO_THROW( expr, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, "CATCH_CHECK_NOTHROW" )
 
-#define CHECK_THAT( arg, matcher ) INTERNAL_CHECK_THAT( arg, matcher, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, "CATCH_CHECK_THAT" )
+#define CATCH_CHECK_THAT( arg, matcher ) INTERNAL_CHECK_THAT( arg, matcher, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, "CATCH_CHECK_THAT" )
 #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THAT( arg, matcher ) INTERNAL_CHECK_THAT( arg, matcher, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, "CATCH_REQUIRE_THAT" )
 
 #define CATCH_INFO( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_INFO( msg, "CATCH_INFO" )