/*
 *
 * Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
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 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met:
 *
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 * distribution.
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 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
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 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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 */

#include "src/cpp/thread_manager/thread_manager.h"

#include <climits>
#include <mutex>
#include <thread>

#include <grpc/support/log.h>

namespace grpc {

ThreadManager::WorkerThread::WorkerThread(ThreadManager* thd_mgr)
    : thd_mgr_(thd_mgr), thd_(&ThreadManager::WorkerThread::Run, this) {}

void ThreadManager::WorkerThread::Run() {
  thd_mgr_->MainWorkLoop();
  thd_mgr_->MarkAsCompleted(this);
}

ThreadManager::WorkerThread::~WorkerThread() { thd_.join(); }

ThreadManager::ThreadManager(int min_pollers, int max_pollers)
    : shutdown_(false),
      num_pollers_(0),
      min_pollers_(min_pollers),
      max_pollers_(max_pollers == -1 ? INT_MAX : max_pollers),
      num_threads_(0) {}

ThreadManager::~ThreadManager() {
  {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mu_);
    GPR_ASSERT(num_threads_ == 0);
  }

  CleanupCompletedThreads();
}

void ThreadManager::Wait() {
  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mu_);
  while (num_threads_ != 0) {
    shutdown_cv_.wait(lock);
  }
}

void ThreadManager::Shutdown() {
  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mu_);
  shutdown_ = true;
}

bool ThreadManager::IsShutdown() {
  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mu_);
  return shutdown_;
}

void ThreadManager::MarkAsCompleted(WorkerThread* thd) {
  {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> list_lock(list_mu_);
    completed_threads_.push_back(thd);
  }

  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mu_);
  num_threads_--;
  if (num_threads_ == 0) {
    shutdown_cv_.notify_one();
  }
}

void ThreadManager::CleanupCompletedThreads() {
  std::list<WorkerThread*> completed_threads;
  {
    // swap out the completed threads list: allows other threads to clean up
    // more quickly
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(list_mu_);
    completed_threads.swap(completed_threads_);
  }
  for (auto thd : completed_threads) delete thd;
}

void ThreadManager::Initialize() {
  {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mu_);
    num_pollers_ = min_pollers_;
    num_threads_ = min_pollers_;
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < min_pollers_; i++) {
    // Create a new thread (which ends up calling the MainWorkLoop() function
    new WorkerThread(this);
  }
}

void ThreadManager::MainWorkLoop() {
  while (true) {
    void* tag;
    bool ok;
    WorkStatus work_status = PollForWork(&tag, &ok);

    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mu_);
    // Reduce the number of pollers by 1 and check what happened with the poll
    num_pollers_--;
    bool done = false;
    switch (work_status) {
      case TIMEOUT:
        // If we timed out and we have more pollers than we need (or we are
        // shutdown), finish this thread
        if (shutdown_ || num_pollers_ > max_pollers_) done = true;
        break;
      case SHUTDOWN:
        // If the thread manager is shutdown, finish this thread
        done = true;
        break;
      case WORK_FOUND:
        // If we got work and there are now insufficient pollers, start a new
        // one
        if (!shutdown_ && num_pollers_ < min_pollers_) {
          num_pollers_++;
          num_threads_++;
          // Drop lock before spawning thread to avoid contention
          lock.unlock();
          new WorkerThread(this);
        } else {
          // Drop lock for consistency with above branch
          lock.unlock();
        }
        // Lock is always released at this point - do the application work
        DoWork(tag, ok);
        // Take the lock again to check post conditions
        lock.lock();
        // If we're shutdown, we should finish at this point.
        if (shutdown_) done = true;
        break;
    }
    // If we decided to finish the thread, break out of the while loop
    if (done) break;
    // ... otherwise increase poller count and continue
    // There's a chance that we'll exceed the max poller count: that is
    // explicitly ok - we'll decrease after one poll timeout, and prevent
    // some thrashing starting up and shutting down threads
    num_pollers_++;
  };

  CleanupCompletedThreads();

  // If we are here, either ThreadManager is shutting down or it already has
  // enough threads.
}

}  // namespace grpc