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// Copyright 2021 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package reflect
import (
"internal/abi"
"internal/goarch"
"unsafe"
)
// These variables are used by the register assignment
// algorithm in this file.
//
// They should be modified with care (no other reflect code
// may be executing) and are generally only modified
// when testing this package.
//
// They should never be set higher than their internal/abi
// constant counterparts, because the system relies on a
// structure that is at least large enough to hold the
// registers the system supports.
//
// Currently they're set to zero because using the actual
// constants will break every part of the toolchain that
// uses reflect to call functions (e.g. go test, or anything
// that uses text/template). The values that are currently
// commented out there should be the actual values once
// we're ready to use the register ABI everywhere.
var (
intArgRegs = abi.IntArgRegs
floatArgRegs = abi.FloatArgRegs
floatRegSize = uintptr(abi.EffectiveFloatRegSize)
)
// abiStep represents an ABI "instruction." Each instruction
// describes one part of how to translate between a Go value
// in memory and a call frame.
type abiStep struct {
kind abiStepKind
// offset and size together describe a part of a Go value
// in memory.
offset uintptr
size uintptr // size in bytes of the part
// These fields describe the ABI side of the translation.
stkOff uintptr // stack offset, used if kind == abiStepStack
ireg int // integer register index, used if kind == abiStepIntReg or kind == abiStepPointer
freg int // FP register index, used if kind == abiStepFloatReg
}
// abiStepKind is the "op-code" for an abiStep instruction.
type abiStepKind int
const (
abiStepBad abiStepKind = iota
abiStepStack // copy to/from stack
abiStepIntReg // copy to/from integer register
abiStepPointer // copy pointer to/from integer register
abiStepFloatReg // copy to/from FP register
)
// abiSeq represents a sequence of ABI instructions for copying
// from a series of reflect.Values to a call frame (for call arguments)
// or vice-versa (for call results).
//
// An abiSeq should be populated by calling its addArg method.
type abiSeq struct {
// steps is the set of instructions.
//
// The instructions are grouped together by whole arguments,
// with the starting index for the instructions
// of the i'th Go value available in valueStart.
//
// For instance, if this abiSeq represents 3 arguments
// passed to a function, then the 2nd argument's steps
// begin at steps[valueStart[1]].
//
// Because reflect accepts Go arguments in distinct
// Values and each Value is stored separately, each abiStep
// that begins a new argument will have its offset
// field == 0.
steps []abiStep
valueStart []int
stackBytes uintptr // stack space used
iregs, fregs int // registers used
}
func (a *abiSeq) dump() {
for i, p := range a.steps {
println("part", i, p.kind, p.offset, p.size, p.stkOff, p.ireg, p.freg)
}
print("values ")
for _, i := range a.valueStart {
print(i, " ")
}
println()
println("stack", a.stackBytes)
println("iregs", a.iregs)
println("fregs", a.fregs)
}
// stepsForValue returns the ABI instructions for translating
// the i'th Go argument or return value represented by this
// abiSeq to the Go ABI.
func (a *abiSeq) stepsForValue(i int) []abiStep {
s := a.valueStart[i]
var e int
if i == len(a.valueStart)-1 {
e = len(a.steps)
} else {
e = a.valueStart[i+1]
}
return a.steps[s:e]
}
// addArg extends the abiSeq with a new Go value of type t.
//
// If the value was stack-assigned, returns the single
// abiStep describing that translation, and nil otherwise.
func (a *abiSeq) addArg(t *rtype) *abiStep {
// We'll always be adding a new value, so do that first.
pStart := len(a.steps)
a.valueStart = append(a.valueStart, pStart)
if t.size == 0 {
// If the size of the argument type is zero, then
// in order to degrade gracefully into ABI0, we need
// to stack-assign this type. The reason is that
// although zero-sized types take up no space on the
// stack, they do cause the next argument to be aligned.
// So just do that here, but don't bother actually
// generating a new ABI step for it (there's nothing to
// actually copy).
//
// We cannot handle this in the recursive case of
// regAssign because zero-sized *fields* of a
// non-zero-sized struct do not cause it to be
// stack-assigned. So we need a special case here
// at the top.
a.stackBytes = align(a.stackBytes, uintptr(t.align))
return nil
}
// Hold a copy of "a" so that we can roll back if
// register assignment fails.
aOld := *a
if !a.regAssign(t, 0) {
// Register assignment failed. Roll back any changes
// and stack-assign.
*a = aOld
a.stackAssign(t.size, uintptr(t.align))
return &a.steps[len(a.steps)-1]
}
return nil
}
// addRcvr extends the abiSeq with a new method call
// receiver according to the interface calling convention.
//
// If the receiver was stack-assigned, returns the single
// abiStep describing that translation, and nil otherwise.
// Returns true if the receiver is a pointer.
func (a *abiSeq) addRcvr(rcvr *rtype) (*abiStep, bool) {
// The receiver is always one word.
a.valueStart = append(a.valueStart, len(a.steps))
var ok, ptr bool
if ifaceIndir(rcvr) || rcvr.pointers() {
ok = a.assignIntN(0, goarch.PtrSize, 1, 0b1)
ptr = true
} else {
// TODO(mknyszek): Is this case even possible?
// The interface data work never contains a non-pointer
// value. This case was copied over from older code
// in the reflect package which only conditionally added
// a pointer bit to the reflect.(Value).Call stack frame's
// GC bitmap.
ok = a.assignIntN(0, goarch.PtrSize, 1, 0b0)
ptr = false
}
if !ok {
a.stackAssign(goarch.PtrSize, goarch.PtrSize)
return &a.steps[len(a.steps)-1], ptr
}
return nil, ptr
}
// regAssign attempts to reserve argument registers for a value of
// type t, stored at some offset.
//
// It returns whether or not the assignment succeeded, but
// leaves any changes it made to a.steps behind, so the caller
// must undo that work by adjusting a.steps if it fails.
//
// This method along with the assign* methods represent the
// complete register-assignment algorithm for the Go ABI.
func (a *abiSeq) regAssign(t *rtype, offset uintptr) bool {
switch t.Kind() {
case UnsafePointer, Pointer, Chan, Map, Func:
return a.assignIntN(offset, t.size, 1, 0b1)
case Bool, Int, Uint, Int8, Uint8, Int16, Uint16, Int32, Uint32, Uintptr:
return a.assignIntN(offset, t.size, 1, 0b0)
case Int64, Uint64:
switch goarch.PtrSize {
case 4:
return a.assignIntN(offset, 4, 2, 0b0)
case 8:
return a.assignIntN(offset, 8, 1, 0b0)
}
case Float32, Float64:
return a.assignFloatN(offset, t.size, 1)
case Complex64:
return a.assignFloatN(offset, 4, 2)
case Complex128:
return a.assignFloatN(offset, 8, 2)
case String:
return a.assignIntN(offset, goarch.PtrSize, 2, 0b01)
case Interface:
return a.assignIntN(offset, goarch.PtrSize, 2, 0b10)
case Slice:
return a.assignIntN(offset, goarch.PtrSize, 3, 0b001)
case Array:
tt := (*arrayType)(unsafe.Pointer(t))
switch tt.len {
case 0:
// There's nothing to assign, so don't modify
// a.steps but succeed so the caller doesn't
// try to stack-assign this value.
return true
case 1:
return a.regAssign(tt.elem, offset)
default:
return false
}
case Struct:
st := (*structType)(unsafe.Pointer(t))
for i := range st.fields {
f := &st.fields[i]
if !a.regAssign(f.typ, offset+f.offset) {
return false
}
}
return true
default:
print("t.Kind == ", t.Kind(), "\n")
panic("unknown type kind")
}
panic("unhandled register assignment path")
}
// assignIntN assigns n values to registers, each "size" bytes large,
// from the data at [offset, offset+n*size) in memory. Each value at
// [offset+i*size, offset+(i+1)*size) for i < n is assigned to the
// next n integer registers.
//
// Bit i in ptrMap indicates whether the i'th value is a pointer.
// n must be <= 8.
//
// Returns whether assignment succeeded.
func (a *abiSeq) assignIntN(offset, size uintptr, n int, ptrMap uint8) bool {
if n > 8 || n < 0 {
panic("invalid n")
}
if ptrMap != 0 && size != goarch.PtrSize {
panic("non-empty pointer map passed for non-pointer-size values")
}
if a.iregs+n > intArgRegs {
return false
}
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
kind := abiStepIntReg
if ptrMap&(uint8(1)<<i) != 0 {
kind = abiStepPointer
}
a.steps = append(a.steps, abiStep{
kind: kind,
offset: offset + uintptr(i)*size,
size: size,
ireg: a.iregs,
})
a.iregs++
}
return true
}
// assignFloatN assigns n values to registers, each "size" bytes large,
// from the data at [offset, offset+n*size) in memory. Each value at
// [offset+i*size, offset+(i+1)*size) for i < n is assigned to the
// next n floating-point registers.
//
// Returns whether assignment succeeded.
func (a *abiSeq) assignFloatN(offset, size uintptr, n int) bool {
if n < 0 {
panic("invalid n")
}
if a.fregs+n > floatArgRegs || floatRegSize < size {
return false
}
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
a.steps = append(a.steps, abiStep{
kind: abiStepFloatReg,
offset: offset + uintptr(i)*size,
size: size,
freg: a.fregs,
})
a.fregs++
}
return true
}
// stackAssign reserves space for one value that is "size" bytes
// large with alignment "alignment" to the stack.
//
// Should not be called directly; use addArg instead.
func (a *abiSeq) stackAssign(size, alignment uintptr) {
a.stackBytes = align(a.stackBytes, alignment)
a.steps = append(a.steps, abiStep{
kind: abiStepStack,
offset: 0, // Only used for whole arguments, so the memory offset is 0.
size: size,
stkOff: a.stackBytes,
})
a.stackBytes += size
}
// abiDesc describes the ABI for a function or method.
type abiDesc struct {
// call and ret represent the translation steps for
// the call and return paths of a Go function.
call, ret abiSeq
// These fields describe the stack space allocated
// for the call. stackCallArgsSize is the amount of space
// reserved for arguments but not return values. retOffset
// is the offset at which return values begin, and
// spill is the size in bytes of additional space reserved
// to spill argument registers into in case of preemption in
// reflectcall's stack frame.
stackCallArgsSize, retOffset, spill uintptr
// stackPtrs is a bitmap that indicates whether
// each word in the ABI stack space (stack-assigned
// args + return values) is a pointer. Used
// as the heap pointer bitmap for stack space
// passed to reflectcall.
stackPtrs *bitVector
// inRegPtrs is a bitmap whose i'th bit indicates
// whether the i'th integer argument register contains
// a pointer. Used by makeFuncStub and methodValueCall
// to make result pointers visible to the GC.
//
// outRegPtrs is the same, but for result values.
// Used by reflectcall to make result pointers visible
// to the GC.
inRegPtrs, outRegPtrs abi.IntArgRegBitmap
}
func (a *abiDesc) dump() {
println("ABI")
println("call")
a.call.dump()
println("ret")
a.ret.dump()
println("stackCallArgsSize", a.stackCallArgsSize)
println("retOffset", a.retOffset)
println("spill", a.spill)
print("inRegPtrs:")
dumpPtrBitMap(a.inRegPtrs)
println()
print("outRegPtrs:")
dumpPtrBitMap(a.outRegPtrs)
println()
}
func dumpPtrBitMap(b abi.IntArgRegBitmap) {
for i := 0; i < intArgRegs; i++ {
x := 0
if b.Get(i) {
x = 1
}
print(" ", x)
}
}
func newAbiDesc(t *funcType, rcvr *rtype) abiDesc {
// We need to add space for this argument to
// the frame so that it can spill args into it.
//
// The size of this space is just the sum of the sizes
// of each register-allocated type.
//
// TODO(mknyszek): Remove this when we no longer have
// caller reserved spill space.
spill := uintptr(0)
// Compute gc program & stack bitmap for stack arguments
stackPtrs := new(bitVector)
// Compute the stack frame pointer bitmap and register
// pointer bitmap for arguments.
inRegPtrs := abi.IntArgRegBitmap{}
// Compute abiSeq for input parameters.
var in abiSeq
if rcvr != nil {
stkStep, isPtr := in.addRcvr(rcvr)
if stkStep != nil {
if isPtr {
stackPtrs.append(1)
} else {
stackPtrs.append(0)
}
} else {
spill += goarch.PtrSize
}
}
for i, arg := range t.in() {
stkStep := in.addArg(arg)
if stkStep != nil {
addTypeBits(stackPtrs, stkStep.stkOff, arg)
} else {
spill = align(spill, uintptr(arg.align))
spill += arg.size
for _, st := range in.stepsForValue(i) {
if st.kind == abiStepPointer {
inRegPtrs.Set(st.ireg)
}
}
}
}
spill = align(spill, goarch.PtrSize)
// From the input parameters alone, we now know
// the stackCallArgsSize and retOffset.
stackCallArgsSize := in.stackBytes
retOffset := align(in.stackBytes, goarch.PtrSize)
// Compute the stack frame pointer bitmap and register
// pointer bitmap for return values.
outRegPtrs := abi.IntArgRegBitmap{}
// Compute abiSeq for output parameters.
var out abiSeq
// Stack-assigned return values do not share
// space with arguments like they do with registers,
// so we need to inject a stack offset here.
// Fake it by artificially extending stackBytes by
// the return offset.
out.stackBytes = retOffset
for i, res := range t.out() {
stkStep := out.addArg(res)
if stkStep != nil {
addTypeBits(stackPtrs, stkStep.stkOff, res)
} else {
for _, st := range out.stepsForValue(i) {
if st.kind == abiStepPointer {
outRegPtrs.Set(st.ireg)
}
}
}
}
// Undo the faking from earlier so that stackBytes
// is accurate.
out.stackBytes -= retOffset
return abiDesc{in, out, stackCallArgsSize, retOffset, spill, stackPtrs, inRegPtrs, outRegPtrs}
}
// intFromReg loads an argSize sized integer from reg and places it at to.
//
// argSize must be non-zero, fit in a register, and a power-of-two.
func intFromReg(r *abi.RegArgs, reg int, argSize uintptr, to unsafe.Pointer) {
memmove(to, r.IntRegArgAddr(reg, argSize), argSize)
}
// intToReg loads an argSize sized integer and stores it into reg.
//
// argSize must be non-zero, fit in a register, and a power-of-two.
func intToReg(r *abi.RegArgs, reg int, argSize uintptr, from unsafe.Pointer) {
memmove(r.IntRegArgAddr(reg, argSize), from, argSize)
}
// floatFromReg loads a float value from its register representation in r.
//
// argSize must be 4 or 8.
func floatFromReg(r *abi.RegArgs, reg int, argSize uintptr, to unsafe.Pointer) {
switch argSize {
case 4:
*(*float32)(to) = archFloat32FromReg(r.Floats[reg])
case 8:
*(*float64)(to) = *(*float64)(unsafe.Pointer(&r.Floats[reg]))
default:
panic("bad argSize")
}
}
// floatToReg stores a float value in its register representation in r.
//
// argSize must be either 4 or 8.
func floatToReg(r *abi.RegArgs, reg int, argSize uintptr, from unsafe.Pointer) {
switch argSize {
case 4:
r.Floats[reg] = archFloat32ToReg(*(*float32)(from))
case 8:
r.Floats[reg] = *(*uint64)(from)
default:
panic("bad argSize")
}
}