| /*! |
| |
| @page build_guide Building applications |
| |
| @tableofcontents |
| |
| This is about compiling and linking applications that use GLFW. For information on |
| how to write such applications, start with the |
| [introductory tutorial](@ref quick_guide). For information on how to compile |
| the GLFW library itself, see @ref compile_guide. |
| |
| This is not a tutorial on compilation or linking. It assumes basic |
| understanding of how to compile and link a C program as well as how to use the |
| specific compiler of your chosen development environment. The compilation |
| and linking process should be explained in your C programming material and in |
| the documentation for your development environment. |
| |
| |
| @section build_include Including the GLFW header file |
| |
| You should include the GLFW header in the source files where you use OpenGL or |
| GLFW. |
| |
| @code |
| #include <GLFW/glfw3.h> |
| @endcode |
| |
| This header declares the GLFW API and by default also includes the OpenGL header |
| from your development environment. See below for how to control this. |
| |
| The GLFW header also defines any platform-specific macros needed by your OpenGL |
| header, so it can be included without needing any window system headers. |
| |
| For example, under Windows you are normally required to include `windows.h` |
| before the OpenGL header, which would bring in the whole Win32 API. The GLFW |
| header duplicates the small number of macros needed. |
| |
| It does this only when needed, so if `windows.h` _is_ included, the GLFW header |
| does not try to redefine those symbols. The reverse is not true, i.e. |
| `windows.h` cannot cope if any of its symbols have already been defined. |
| |
| In other words: |
| |
| - Do _not_ include the OpenGL headers yourself, as GLFW does this for you |
| - Do _not_ include `windows.h` or other platform-specific headers unless you |
| plan on using those APIs directly |
| - If you _do_ need to include such headers, do it _before_ including |
| the GLFW header and it will handle this |
| |
| If you are using an OpenGL extension loading library such as |
| [glad](https://github.com/Dav1dde/glad), the extension loader header should |
| be included _before_ the GLFW one. |
| |
| @code |
| #include <glad/glad.h> |
| #include <GLFW/glfw3.h> |
| @endcode |
| |
| Alternatively the @ref GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE macro (described below) can be used to |
| prevent the GLFW header from including the OpenGL header. |
| |
| @code |
| #define GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE |
| #include <GLFW/glfw3.h> |
| #include <glad/glad.h> |
| @endcode |
| |
| |
| @subsection build_macros GLFW header option macros |
| |
| These macros may be defined before the inclusion of the GLFW header and affect |
| its behavior. |
| |
| @anchor GLFW_DLL |
| __GLFW_DLL__ is required on Windows when using the GLFW DLL, to tell the |
| compiler that the GLFW functions are defined in a DLL. |
| |
| The following macros control which OpenGL or OpenGL ES API header is included. |
| Only one of these may be defined at a time. |
| |
| @anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_GLCOREARB |
| __GLFW_INCLUDE_GLCOREARB__ makes the GLFW header include the modern |
| `GL/glcorearb.h` header (`OpenGL/gl3.h` on macOS) instead of the regular OpenGL |
| header. |
| |
| @anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES1 |
| __GLFW_INCLUDE_ES1__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 1.x `GLES/gl.h` |
| header instead of the regular OpenGL header. |
| |
| @anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES2 |
| __GLFW_INCLUDE_ES2__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 2.0 |
| `GLES2/gl2.h` header instead of the regular OpenGL header. |
| |
| @anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES3 |
| __GLFW_INCLUDE_ES3__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 3.0 |
| `GLES3/gl3.h` header instead of the regular OpenGL header. |
| |
| @anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES31 |
| __GLFW_INCLUDE_ES31__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 3.1 |
| `GLES3/gl31.h` header instead of the regular OpenGL header. |
| |
| @anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES32 |
| __GLFW_INCLUDE_ES31__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 3.2 |
| `GLES3/gl32.h` header instead of the regular OpenGL header. |
| |
| @anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE |
| __GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE__ makes the GLFW header not include any OpenGL or OpenGL ES |
| API header. This is useful in combination with an extension loading library. |
| |
| If none of the above inclusion macros are defined, the standard OpenGL `GL/gl.h` |
| header (`OpenGL/gl.h` on macOS) is included. |
| |
| The following macros control the inclusion of additional API headers. Any |
| number of these may be defined simultaneously, and/or together with one of the |
| above macros. |
| |
| @anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN |
| __GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN__ makes the GLFW header include the Vulkan |
| `vulkan/vulkan.h` header in addition to any selected OpenGL or OpenGL ES header. |
| |
| @anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_GLEXT |
| __GLFW_INCLUDE_GLEXT__ makes the GLFW header include the appropriate extension |
| header for the OpenGL or OpenGL ES header selected above after and in addition |
| to that header. |
| |
| @anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_GLU |
| __GLFW_INCLUDE_GLU__ makes the header include the GLU header in addition to the |
| header selected above. This should only be used with the standard OpenGL header |
| and only for compatibility with legacy code. GLU has been deprecated and should |
| not be used in new code. |
| |
| @note GLFW does not provide any of the API headers mentioned above. They must |
| be provided by your development environment or your OpenGL, OpenGL ES or Vulkan |
| SDK. |
| |
| @note None of these macros may be defined during the compilation of GLFW itself. |
| If your build includes GLFW and you define any these in your build files, make |
| sure they are not applied to the GLFW sources. |
| |
| |
| @section build_link Link with the right libraries |
| |
| GLFW is essentially a wrapper of various platform-specific APIs and therefore |
| needs to link against many different system libraries. If you are using GLFW as |
| a shared library / dynamic library / DLL then it takes care of these links. |
| However, if you are using GLFW as a static library then your executable will |
| need to link against these libraries. |
| |
| On Windows and macOS, the list of system libraries is static and can be |
| hard-coded into your build environment. See the section for your development |
| environment below. On Linux and other Unix-like operating systems, the list |
| varies but can be retrieved in various ways as described below. |
| |
| A good general introduction to linking is |
| [Beginner's Guide to Linkers](https://www.lurklurk.org/linkers/linkers.html) by |
| David Drysdale. |
| |
| |
| @subsection build_link_win32 With MinGW or Visual C++ on Windows |
| |
| The static version of the GLFW library is named `glfw3`. When using this |
| version, it is also necessary to link with some libraries that GLFW uses. |
| |
| When using MinGW to link an application with the static version of GLFW, you |
| must also explicitly link with `gdi32`. Other toolchains including MinGW-w64 |
| include it in the set of default libraries along with other dependencies like |
| `user32` and `kernel32`. |
| |
| If you are using GLU, you must also link with `glu32`. |
| |
| The link library for the GLFW DLL is named `glfw3dll`. When compiling an |
| application that uses the DLL version of GLFW, you need to define the @ref |
| GLFW_DLL macro _before_ any inclusion of the GLFW header. This can be done |
| either with a compiler switch or by defining it in your source code. |
| |
| An application using the GLFW DLL does not need to link against any of its |
| dependencies, but you still have to link against `glu32` if it uses GLU. |
| |
| |
| @subsection build_link_cmake_source With CMake and GLFW source |
| |
| This section is about using CMake to compile and link GLFW along with your |
| application. If you want to use an installed binary instead, see @ref |
| build_link_cmake_package. |
| |
| With a few changes to your `CMakeLists.txt` you can have the GLFW source tree |
| built along with your application. |
| |
| When including GLFW as part of your build, you probably don't want to build the |
| GLFW tests, examples and documentation. To disable these, set the corresponding |
| cache variables before adding the GLFW source tree. |
| |
| @code |
| set(GLFW_BUILD_DOCS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE) |
| set(GLFW_BUILD_TESTS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE) |
| set(GLFW_BUILD_EXAMPLES OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE) |
| @endcode |
| |
| Then add the root directory of the GLFW source tree to your project. This |
| will add the `glfw` target and the necessary cache variables to your project. |
| |
| @code{.cmake} |
| add_subdirectory(path/to/glfw) |
| @endcode |
| |
| Once GLFW has been added to the project, link against it with the `glfw` target. |
| This adds all link-time dependencies of GLFW as it is currently configured, |
| the include directory for the GLFW header and, when applicable, the @ref |
| GLFW_DLL macro. |
| |
| @code{.cmake} |
| target_link_libraries(myapp glfw) |
| @endcode |
| |
| Note that the dependencies do not include OpenGL or GLU, as GLFW loads any |
| OpenGL, OpenGL ES or Vulkan libraries it needs at runtime and does not use GLU. |
| If your application calls OpenGL directly, instead of using a modern |
| [extension loader library](@ref context_glext_auto) you can find it by requiring |
| the OpenGL package. |
| |
| @code{.cmake} |
| find_package(OpenGL REQUIRED) |
| @endcode |
| |
| If OpenGL is found, the `OPENGL_FOUND` variable is true and the |
| `OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR` and `OPENGL_gl_LIBRARY` cache variables can be used. |
| |
| @code{.cmake} |
| target_include_directories(myapp PUBLIC ${OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR}) |
| target_link_libraries(myapp ${OPENGL_gl_LIBRARY}) |
| @endcode |
| |
| The OpenGL CMake package also looks for GLU. If GLU is found, the |
| `OPENGL_GLU_FOUND` variable is true and the `OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR` and |
| `OPENGL_glu_LIBRARY` cache variables can be used. |
| |
| @code{.cmake} |
| target_link_libraries(myapp ${OPENGL_glu_LIBRARY}) |
| @endcode |
| |
| @note GLU has been deprecated and should not be used in new code, but some |
| legacy code requires it. See the [section on GLU](@ref moving_glu) in the |
| transition guide for suggested replacements. |
| |
| |
| @subsection build_link_cmake_package With CMake and installed GLFW binaries |
| |
| This section is about using CMake to link GLFW after it has been built and |
| installed. If you want to build it along with your application instead, see |
| @ref build_link_cmake_source. |
| |
| With a few changes to your `CMakeLists.txt` you can locate the package and |
| target files generated when GLFW is installed. |
| |
| @code{.cmake} |
| find_package(glfw3 3.3 REQUIRED) |
| @endcode |
| |
| Once GLFW has been added to the project, link against it with the `glfw` target. |
| This adds all link-time dependencies of GLFW as it is currently configured, |
| the include directory for the GLFW header and, when applicable, the @ref |
| GLFW_DLL macro. |
| |
| @code{.cmake} |
| target_link_libraries(myapp glfw) |
| @endcode |
| |
| Note that the dependencies do not include OpenGL or GLU, as GLFW loads any |
| OpenGL, OpenGL ES or Vulkan libraries it needs at runtime and does not use GLU. |
| If your application calls OpenGL directly, instead of using a modern |
| [extension loader library](@ref context_glext_auto) you can find it by requiring |
| the OpenGL package. |
| |
| @code{.cmake} |
| find_package(OpenGL REQUIRED) |
| @endcode |
| |
| If OpenGL is found, the `OPENGL_FOUND` variable is true and the |
| `OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR` and `OPENGL_gl_LIBRARY` cache variables can be used. |
| |
| @code{.cmake} |
| target_include_directories(myapp PUBLIC ${OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR}) |
| target_link_libraries(myapp ${OPENGL_gl_LIBRARY}) |
| @endcode |
| |
| The OpenGL CMake package also looks for GLU. If GLU is found, the |
| `OPENGL_GLU_FOUND` variable is true and the `OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR` and |
| `OPENGL_glu_LIBRARY` cache variables can be used. |
| |
| @code{.cmake} |
| target_link_libraries(myapp ${OPENGL_glu_LIBRARY}) |
| @endcode |
| |
| @note GLU has been deprecated and should not be used in new code, but some |
| legacy code requires it. See the [section on GLU](@ref moving_glu) in the |
| transition guide for suggested replacements. |
| |
| |
| @subsection build_link_pkgconfig With makefiles and pkg-config on Unix |
| |
| GLFW supports [pkg-config](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config/), |
| and the `glfw3.pc` pkg-config file is generated when the GLFW library is built |
| and is installed along with it. A pkg-config file describes all necessary |
| compile-time and link-time flags and dependencies needed to use a library. When |
| they are updated or if they differ between systems, you will get the correct |
| ones automatically. |
| |
| A typical compile and link command-line when using the static version of the |
| GLFW library may look like this: |
| |
| @code{.sh} |
| cc `pkg-config --cflags glfw3` -o myprog myprog.c `pkg-config --static --libs glfw3` |
| @endcode |
| |
| If you are using the shared version of the GLFW library, omit the `--static` |
| flag. |
| |
| @code{.sh} |
| cc `pkg-config --cflags glfw3` -o myprog myprog.c `pkg-config --libs glfw3` |
| @endcode |
| |
| You can also use the `glfw3.pc` file without installing it first, by using the |
| `PKG_CONFIG_PATH` environment variable. |
| |
| @code{.sh} |
| env PKG_CONFIG_PATH=path/to/glfw/src cc `pkg-config --cflags glfw3` -o myprog myprog.c `pkg-config --libs glfw3` |
| @endcode |
| |
| The dependencies do not include OpenGL or GLU, as GLFW loads any OpenGL, OpenGL |
| ES or Vulkan libraries it needs at runtime and does not use GLU. On macOS, GLU |
| is built into the OpenGL framework, so if you need GLU you don't need to do |
| anything extra. If you need GLU and are using Linux or BSD, you should add the |
| `glu` pkg-config package. |
| |
| @code{.sh} |
| cc `pkg-config --cflags glfw3 glu` -o myprog myprog.c `pkg-config --libs glfw3 glu` |
| @endcode |
| |
| @note GLU has been deprecated and should not be used in new code, but some |
| legacy code requires it. See the [section on GLU](@ref moving_glu) in the |
| transition guide for suggested replacements. |
| |
| If you are using the static version of the GLFW library, make sure you don't |
| link statically against GLU. |
| |
| @code{.sh} |
| cc `pkg-config --cflags glfw3 glu` -o myprog myprog.c `pkg-config --static --libs glfw3` `pkg-config --libs glu` |
| @endcode |
| |
| |
| @subsection build_link_xcode With Xcode on macOS |
| |
| If you are using the dynamic library version of GLFW, add it to the project |
| dependencies. |
| |
| If you are using the static library version of GLFW, add it and the Cocoa, |
| OpenGL, IOKit and CoreVideo frameworks to the project as dependencies. They can |
| all be found in `/System/Library/Frameworks`. |
| |
| |
| @subsection build_link_osx With command-line on macOS |
| |
| It is recommended that you use [pkg-config](@ref build_link_pkgconfig) when |
| building from the command line on macOS. That way you will get any new |
| dependencies added automatically. If you still wish to build manually, you need |
| to add the required frameworks and libraries to your command-line yourself using |
| the `-l` and `-framework` switches. |
| |
| If you are using the dynamic GLFW library, which is named `libglfw.3.dylib`, do: |
| |
| @code{.sh} |
| cc -o myprog myprog.c -lglfw -framework Cocoa -framework OpenGL -framework IOKit -framework CoreVideo |
| @endcode |
| |
| If you are using the static library, named `libglfw3.a`, substitute `-lglfw3` |
| for `-lglfw`. |
| |
| Note that you do not add the `.framework` extension to a framework when linking |
| against it from the command-line. |
| |
| The OpenGL framework contains both the OpenGL and GLU APIs, so there is nothing |
| special to do when using GLU. Also note that even though your machine may have |
| `libGL`-style OpenGL libraries, they are for use with the X Window System and |
| will _not_ work with the macOS native version of GLFW. |
| |
| */ |