src/lib.rs - third_party/github.com/rust-lang/rustc-demangle - Git at Google

 //! Demangle Rust compiler symbol names.
 //!
 //! This crate provides a `demangle` function which will return a `Demangle`
 //! sentinel value that can be used to learn about the demangled version of a
 //! symbol name. The demangled representation will be the same as the original
 //! if it doesn't look like a mangled symbol name.
 //!
 //! `Demangle` can be formatted with the `Display` trait. The alternate
 //! modifier (`#`) can be used to format the symbol name without the
 //! trailing hash value.
 //!
 //! # Examples
 //!
 //! ```
 //! use rustc_demangle::demangle;
 //!
 //! assert_eq!(demangle("_ZN4testE").to_string(), "test");
 //! assert_eq!(demangle("_ZN3foo3barE").to_string(), "foo::bar");
 //! assert_eq!(demangle("foo").to_string(), "foo");
 //! // With hash
 //! assert_eq!(format!("{}", demangle("_ZN3foo17h05af221e174051e9E")), "foo::h05af221e174051e9");
 //! // Without hash
 //! assert_eq!(format!("{:#}", demangle("_ZN3foo17h05af221e174051e9E")), "foo");
 //! ```

 #![no_std]
 #![deny(missing_docs)]

 #[cfg(test)]
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate std;

 use core::fmt;

 /// Representation of a demangled symbol name.
 pub struct Demangle<'a> {
     original: &'a str,
     inner: &'a str,
     suffix: &'a str,
     valid: bool,
     /// The number of ::-separated elements in the original name.
     elements: usize,
 }

 /// De-mangles a Rust symbol into a more readable version
 ///
 /// All Rust symbols by default are mangled as they contain characters that
 /// cannot be represented in all object files. The mangling mechanism is similar
 /// to C++'s, but Rust has a few specifics to handle items like lifetimes in
 /// symbols.
 ///
 /// This function will take a **mangled** symbol and return a value. When printed,
 /// the de-mangled version will be written. If the symbol does not look like
 /// a mangled symbol, the original value will be written instead.
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```
 /// use rustc_demangle::demangle;
 ///
 /// assert_eq!(demangle("_ZN4testE").to_string(), "test");
 /// assert_eq!(demangle("_ZN3foo3barE").to_string(), "foo::bar");
 /// assert_eq!(demangle("foo").to_string(), "foo");
 /// ```

 // All Rust symbols are in theory lists of "::"-separated identifiers. Some
 // assemblers, however, can't handle these characters in symbol names. To get
 // around this, we use C++-style mangling. The mangling method is:
 //
 // 1. Prefix the symbol with "_ZN"
 // 2. For each element of the path, emit the length plus the element
 // 3. End the path with "E"
 //
 // For example, "_ZN4testE" => "test" and "_ZN3foo3barE" => "foo::bar".
 //
 // We're the ones printing our backtraces, so we can't rely on anything else to
 // demangle our symbols. It's *much* nicer to look at demangled symbols, so
 // this function is implemented to give us nice pretty output.
 //
 // Note that this demangler isn't quite as fancy as it could be. We have lots
 // of other information in our symbols like hashes, version, type information,
 // etc. Additionally, this doesn't handle glue symbols at all.
 pub fn demangle(mut s: &str) -> Demangle {
     // During ThinLTO LLVM may import and rename internal symbols, so strip out
     // those endings first as they're one of the last manglings applied to symbol
     // names.
     let llvm = ".llvm.";
     if let Some(i) = s.find(llvm) {
         let candidate = &s[i + llvm.len()..];
         let all_hex = candidate.chars().all(|c| {
             match c {
                 'A' ... 'F' | '0' ... '9' | '@' => true,
                 _ => false,
             }
         });

         if all_hex {
             s = &s[..i];
         }
     }

     // Output like LLVM IR adds extra period-delimited words. See if
     // we are in that case and save the trailing words if so.
     let mut suffix = "";
     if let Some(i) = s.rfind("E.") {
         let (head, tail) = s.split_at(i + 1); // After the E, before the period

         if is_symbol_like(tail) {
             s = head;
             suffix = tail;
         }
     }

     // First validate the symbol. If it doesn't look like anything we're
     // expecting, we just print it literally. Note that we must handle non-Rust
     // symbols because we could have any function in the backtrace.
     let mut valid = true;
     let mut inner = s;
     if s.len() > 4 && s.starts_with("_ZN") && s.ends_with('E') {
         inner = &s[3..s.len() - 1];
     } else if s.len() > 3 && s.starts_with("ZN") && s.ends_with('E') {
         // On Windows, dbghelp strips leading underscores, so we accept "ZN...E"
         // form too.
         inner = &s[2..s.len() - 1];
     } else if s.len() > 5 && s.starts_with("__ZN") && s.ends_with('E') {
         // On OSX, symbols are prefixed with an extra _
         inner = &s[4..s.len() - 1];
     } else {
         valid = false;
     }

     // only work with ascii text
     if inner.bytes().any(|c| c & 0x80 != 0) {
         valid = false;
     }

     let mut elements = 0;
     if valid {
         let mut chars = inner.chars().peekable();
         while valid {
             let mut i = 0usize;
             while let Some(&c) = chars.peek() {
                 if !c.is_digit(10) {
                     break
                 }
                 chars.next();
                 let next = i.checked_mul(10)
                     .and_then(|i| i.checked_add(c as usize - '0' as usize));
                 i = match next {
                     Some(i) => i,
                     None => {
                         valid = false;
                         break
                     }
                 };
             }

             if i == 0 {
                 valid = chars.next().is_none();
                 break;
             } else if chars.by_ref().take(i).count() != i {
                 valid = false;
             } else {
                 elements += 1;
             }
         }
     }

     Demangle {
         inner: inner,
         suffix: suffix,
         valid: valid,
         elements: elements,
         original: s,
     }
 }

 /// Error returned from the `try_demangle` function below when demangling fails.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct TryDemangleError {
     _priv: (),
 }

 /// The same as `demangle`, except return an `Err` if the string does not appear
 /// to be a Rust symbol, rather than "demangling" the given string as a no-op.
 ///
 /// ```
 /// extern crate rustc_demangle;
 ///
 /// let not_a_rust_symbol = "la la la";
 ///
 /// // The `try_demangle` function will reject strings which are not Rust symbols.
 /// assert!(rustc_demangle::try_demangle(not_a_rust_symbol).is_err());
 ///
 /// // While `demangle` will just pass the non-symbol through as a no-op.
 /// assert_eq!(rustc_demangle::demangle(not_a_rust_symbol).as_str(), not_a_rust_symbol);
 /// ```
 pub fn try_demangle(s: &str) -> Result<Demangle, TryDemangleError> {
     let sym = demangle(s);
     if sym.valid {
         Ok(sym)
     } else {
         Err(TryDemangleError { _priv: () })
     }
 }

 impl<'a> Demangle<'a> {
     /// Returns the underlying string that's being demangled.
     pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'a str {
         self.original
     }
 }

 // Rust hashes are hex digits with an `h` prepended.
 fn is_rust_hash(s: &str) -> bool {
     s.starts_with('h') && s[1..].chars().all(|c| c.is_digit(16))
 }

 fn is_symbol_like(s: &str) -> bool {
     s.chars().all(|c| {
         // Once `char::is_ascii_punctuation` and `char::is_ascii_alphanumeric`
         // have been stable for long enough, use those instead for clarity
         is_ascii_alphanumeric(c) || is_ascii_punctuation(c)
     })
 }

 // Copied from the documentation of `char::is_ascii_alphanumeric`
 fn is_ascii_alphanumeric(c: char) -> bool {
     match c {
         '\u{0041}' ... '\u{005A}' |
         '\u{0061}' ... '\u{007A}' |
         '\u{0030}' ... '\u{0039}' => true,
         _ => false,
     }
 }

 // Copied from the documentation of `char::is_ascii_punctuation`
 fn is_ascii_punctuation(c: char) -> bool {
     match c {
         '\u{0021}' ... '\u{002F}' |
         '\u{003A}' ... '\u{0040}' |
         '\u{005B}' ... '\u{0060}' |
         '\u{007B}' ... '\u{007E}' => true,
         _ => false,
     }
 }

 impl<'a> fmt::Display for Demangle<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
         // Alright, let's do this.
         if !self.valid {
             return f.write_str(self.inner);
         }

         let mut inner = self.inner;
         for element in 0..self.elements {
             let mut rest = inner;
             while rest.chars().next().unwrap().is_digit(10) {
                 rest = &rest[1..];
             }
             let i: usize = inner[..(inner.len() - rest.len())].parse().unwrap();
             inner = &rest[i..];
             rest = &rest[..i];
             // Skip printing the hash if alternate formatting
             // was requested.
             if f.alternate() && element+1 == self.elements && is_rust_hash(&rest) {
                 break;
             }
             if element != 0 {
                 try!(f.write_str("::"));
             }
             if rest.starts_with("_$") {
                 rest = &rest[1..];
             }
             while !rest.is_empty() {
                 if rest.starts_with('.') {
                     if let Some('.') = rest[1..].chars().next() {
                         try!(f.write_str("::"));
                         rest = &rest[2..];
                     } else {
                         try!(f.write_str("."));
                         rest = &rest[1..];
                     }
                 } else if rest.starts_with('$') {
                     macro_rules! demangle {
                         ($($pat:expr => $demangled:expr),*) => ({
                             $(if rest.starts_with($pat) {
                                 try!(f.write_str($demangled));
                                 rest = &rest[$pat.len()..];
                               } else)*
                             {
                                 try!(f.write_str(rest));
                                 break;
                             }

                         })
                     }

                     // see src/librustc/back/link.rs for these mappings
                     demangle! {
                         "$SP$" => "@",
                         "$BP$" => "*",
                         "$RF$" => "&",
                         "$LT$" => "<",
                         "$GT$" => ">",
                         "$LP$" => "(",
                         "$RP$" => ")",
                         "$C$" => ",",

                         // in theory we can demangle any Unicode code point, but
                         // for simplicity we just catch the common ones.
                         "$u7e$" => "~",
                         "$u20$" => " ",
                         "$u27$" => "'",
                         "$u5b$" => "[",
                         "$u5d$" => "]",
                         "$u7b$" => "{",
                         "$u7d$" => "}",
                         "$u3b$" => ";",
                         "$u2b$" => "+",
                         "$u22$" => "\""
                     }
                 } else {
                     let idx = match rest.char_indices().find(|&(_, c)| c == '$' || c == '.') {
                         None => rest.len(),
                         Some((i, _)) => i,
                     };
                     try!(f.write_str(&rest[..idx]));
                     rest = &rest[idx..];
                 }
             }
         }

         try!(f.write_str(self.suffix));

         Ok(())
     }
 }

 impl<'a> fmt::Debug for Demangle<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
         fmt::Display::fmt(self, f)
     }
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::prelude::v1::*;

     macro_rules! t {
         ($a:expr, $b:expr) => ({
             assert_eq!(super::demangle($a).to_string(), $b);
         })
     }

     macro_rules! t_nohash {
         ($a:expr, $b:expr) => ({
             assert_eq!(format!("{:#}", super::demangle($a)), $b);
         })
     }

     #[test]
     fn demangle() {
         t!("test", "test");
         t!("_ZN4testE", "test");
         t!("_ZN4test", "_ZN4test");
         t!("_ZN4test1a2bcE", "test::a::bc");
     }

     #[test]
     fn demangle_dollars() {
         t!("_ZN4$RP$E", ")");
         t!("_ZN8$RF$testE", "&test");
         t!("_ZN8$BP$test4foobE", "*test::foob");
         t!("_ZN9$u20$test4foobE", " test::foob");
         t!("_ZN35Bar$LT$$u5b$u32$u3b$$u20$4$u5d$$GT$E", "Bar<[u32; 4]>");
     }

     #[test]
     fn demangle_many_dollars() {
         t!("_ZN13test$u20$test4foobE", "test test::foob");
         t!("_ZN12test$BP$test4foobE", "test*test::foob");
     }


     #[test]
     fn demangle_osx() {
         t!("__ZN5alloc9allocator6Layout9for_value17h02a996811f781011E", "alloc::allocator::Layout::for_value::h02a996811f781011");
         t!("__ZN38_$LT$core..option..Option$LT$T$GT$$GT$6unwrap18_MSG_FILE_LINE_COL17haf7cb8d5824ee659E", "<core::option::Option<T>>::unwrap::_MSG_FILE_LINE_COL::haf7cb8d5824ee659");
         t!("__ZN4core5slice89_$LT$impl$u20$core..iter..traits..IntoIterator$u20$for$u20$$RF$$u27$a$u20$$u5b$T$u5d$$GT$9into_iter17h450e234d27262170E", "core::slice::<impl core::iter::traits::IntoIterator for &'a [T]>::into_iter::h450e234d27262170");
     }

     #[test]
     fn demangle_windows() {
         t!("ZN4testE", "test");
         t!("ZN13test$u20$test4foobE", "test test::foob");
         t!("ZN12test$RF$test4foobE", "test&test::foob");
     }

     #[test]
     fn demangle_elements_beginning_with_underscore() {
         t!("_ZN13_$LT$test$GT$E", "<test>");
         t!("_ZN28_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$E", "{{closure}}");
         t!("_ZN15__STATIC_FMTSTRE", "__STATIC_FMTSTR");
     }

     #[test]
     fn demangle_trait_impls() {
         t!("_ZN71_$LT$Test$u20$$u2b$$u20$$u27$static$u20$as$u20$foo..Bar$LT$Test$GT$$GT$3barE",
            "<Test + 'static as foo::Bar<Test>>::bar");
     }

     #[test]
     fn demangle_without_hash() {
         let s = "_ZN3foo17h05af221e174051e9E";
         t!(s, "foo::h05af221e174051e9");
         t_nohash!(s, "foo");
     }

     #[test]
     fn demangle_without_hash_edgecases() {
         // One element, no hash.
         t_nohash!("_ZN3fooE", "foo");
         // Two elements, no hash.
         t_nohash!("_ZN3foo3barE", "foo::bar");
         // Longer-than-normal hash.
         t_nohash!("_ZN3foo20h05af221e174051e9abcE", "foo");
         // Shorter-than-normal hash.
         t_nohash!("_ZN3foo5h05afE", "foo");
         // Valid hash, but not at the end.
         t_nohash!("_ZN17h05af221e174051e93fooE", "h05af221e174051e9::foo");
         // Not a valid hash, missing the 'h'.
         t_nohash!("_ZN3foo16ffaf221e174051e9E", "foo::ffaf221e174051e9");
         // Not a valid hash, has a non-hex-digit.
         t_nohash!("_ZN3foo17hg5af221e174051e9E", "foo::hg5af221e174051e9");
     }

     #[test]
     fn demangle_thinlto() {
         // One element, no hash.
         t!("_ZN3fooE.llvm.9D1C9369", "foo");
         t!("_ZN3fooE.llvm.9D1C9369@@16", "foo");
         t_nohash!("_ZN9backtrace3foo17hbb467fcdaea5d79bE.llvm.A5310EB9", "backtrace::foo");
     }

     #[test]
     fn demangle_llvm_ir_branch_labels() {
         t!("_ZN4core5slice77_$LT$impl$u20$core..ops..index..IndexMut$LT$I$GT$$u20$for$u20$$u5b$T$u5d$$GT$9index_mut17haf9727c2edfbc47bE.exit.i.i", "core::slice::<impl core::ops::index::IndexMut<I> for [T]>::index_mut::haf9727c2edfbc47b.exit.i.i");
         t_nohash!("_ZN4core5slice77_$LT$impl$u20$core..ops..index..IndexMut$LT$I$GT$$u20$for$u20$$u5b$T$u5d$$GT$9index_mut17haf9727c2edfbc47bE.exit.i.i", "core::slice::<impl core::ops::index::IndexMut<I> for [T]>::index_mut.exit.i.i");
     }

     #[test]
     fn demangle_ignores_suffix_that_doesnt_look_like_a_symbol() {
         t!("_ZN3fooE.llvm moocow", "_ZN3fooE.llvm moocow");
     }

     #[test]
     fn dont_panic() {
         super::demangle("_ZN2222222222222222222222EE").to_string();
         super::demangle("_ZN5*70527e27.ll34csaғE").to_string();
         super::demangle("_ZN5*70527a54.ll34_$b.1E").to_string();
         super::demangle("\
             _ZN5~saäb4e\n\
             2734cOsbE\n\
             5usage20h)3\0\0\0\0\0\0\07e2734cOsbE\
         ").to_string();
     }
 }
	//! Demangle Rust compiler symbol names.
	//!
	//! This crate provides a `demangle` function which will return a `Demangle`
	//! sentinel value that can be used to learn about the demangled version of a
	//! symbol name. The demangled representation will be the same as the original
	//! if it doesn't look like a mangled symbol name.
	//!
	//! `Demangle` can be formatted with the `Display` trait. The alternate
	//! modifier (`#`) can be used to format the symbol name without the
	//! trailing hash value.
	//!
	//! # Examples
	//!
	//! ```
	//! use rustc_demangle::demangle;
	//!
	//! assert_eq!(demangle("_ZN4testE").to_string(), "test");
	//! assert_eq!(demangle("_ZN3foo3barE").to_string(), "foo::bar");
	//! assert_eq!(demangle("foo").to_string(), "foo");
	//! // With hash
	//! assert_eq!(format!("{}", demangle("_ZN3foo17h05af221e174051e9E")), "foo::h05af221e174051e9");
	//! // Without hash
	//! assert_eq!(format!("{:#}", demangle("_ZN3foo17h05af221e174051e9E")), "foo");
	//! ```

	#![no_std]
	#![deny(missing_docs)]

	#[cfg(test)]
	#[macro_use]
	extern crate std;

	use core::fmt;

	/// Representation of a demangled symbol name.
	pub struct Demangle<'a> {
	original: &'a str,
	inner: &'a str,
	suffix: &'a str,
	valid: bool,
	/// The number of ::-separated elements in the original name.
	elements: usize,
	}

	/// De-mangles a Rust symbol into a more readable version
	///
	/// All Rust symbols by default are mangled as they contain characters that
	/// cannot be represented in all object files. The mangling mechanism is similar
	/// to C++'s, but Rust has a few specifics to handle items like lifetimes in
	/// symbols.
	///
	/// This function will take a mangled symbol and return a value. When printed,
	/// the de-mangled version will be written. If the symbol does not look like
	/// a mangled symbol, the original value will be written instead.
	///
	/// # Examples
	///
	/// ```
	/// use rustc_demangle::demangle;
	///
	/// assert_eq!(demangle("_ZN4testE").to_string(), "test");
	/// assert_eq!(demangle("_ZN3foo3barE").to_string(), "foo::bar");
	/// assert_eq!(demangle("foo").to_string(), "foo");
	/// ```

	// All Rust symbols are in theory lists of "::"-separated identifiers. Some
	// assemblers, however, can't handle these characters in symbol names. To get
	// around this, we use C++-style mangling. The mangling method is:
	//
	// 1. Prefix the symbol with "_ZN"
	// 2. For each element of the path, emit the length plus the element
	// 3. End the path with "E"
	//
	// For example, "_ZN4testE" => "test" and "_ZN3foo3barE" => "foo::bar".
	//
	// We're the ones printing our backtraces, so we can't rely on anything else to
	// demangle our symbols. It's much nicer to look at demangled symbols, so
	// this function is implemented to give us nice pretty output.
	//
	// Note that this demangler isn't quite as fancy as it could be. We have lots
	// of other information in our symbols like hashes, version, type information,
	// etc. Additionally, this doesn't handle glue symbols at all.
	pub fn demangle(mut s: &str) -> Demangle {
	// During ThinLTO LLVM may import and rename internal symbols, so strip out
	// those endings first as they're one of the last manglings applied to symbol
	// names.
	let llvm = ".llvm.";
	if let Some(i) = s.find(llvm) {
	let candidate = &s[i + llvm.len()..];
	let all_hex = candidate.chars().all(\|c\| {
	match c {
	'A' ... 'F' \| '0' ... '9' \| '@' => true,
	_ => false,
	}
	});

	if all_hex {
	s = &s[..i];
	}
	}

	// Output like LLVM IR adds extra period-delimited words. See if
	// we are in that case and save the trailing words if so.
	let mut suffix = "";
	if let Some(i) = s.rfind("E.") {
	let (head, tail) = s.split_at(i + 1); // After the E, before the period

	if is_symbol_like(tail) {
	s = head;
	suffix = tail;
	}
	}

	// First validate the symbol. If it doesn't look like anything we're
	// expecting, we just print it literally. Note that we must handle non-Rust
	// symbols because we could have any function in the backtrace.
	let mut valid = true;
	let mut inner = s;
	if s.len() > 4 && s.starts_with("_ZN") && s.ends_with('E') {
	inner = &s[3..s.len() - 1];
	} else if s.len() > 3 && s.starts_with("ZN") && s.ends_with('E') {
	// On Windows, dbghelp strips leading underscores, so we accept "ZN...E"
	// form too.
	inner = &s[2..s.len() - 1];
	} else if s.len() > 5 && s.starts_with("__ZN") && s.ends_with('E') {
	// On OSX, symbols are prefixed with an extra _
	inner = &s[4..s.len() - 1];
	} else {
	valid = false;
	}

	// only work with ascii text
	if inner.bytes().any(\|c\| c & 0x80 != 0) {
	valid = false;
	}

	let mut elements = 0;
	if valid {
	let mut chars = inner.chars().peekable();
	while valid {
	let mut i = 0usize;
	while let Some(&c) = chars.peek() {
	if !c.is_digit(10) {
	break
	}
	chars.next();
	let next = i.checked_mul(10)
	.and_then(\|i\| i.checked_add(c as usize - '0' as usize));
	i = match next {
	Some(i) => i,
	None => {
	valid = false;
	break
	}
	};
	}

	if i == 0 {
	valid = chars.next().is_none();
	break;
	} else if chars.by_ref().take(i).count() != i {
	valid = false;
	} else {
	elements += 1;
	}
	}
	}

	Demangle {
	inner: inner,
	suffix: suffix,
	valid: valid,
	elements: elements,
	original: s,
	}
	}

	/// Error returned from the `try_demangle` function below when demangling fails.
	#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
	pub struct TryDemangleError {
	_priv: (),
	}

	/// The same as `demangle`, except return an `Err` if the string does not appear
	/// to be a Rust symbol, rather than "demangling" the given string as a no-op.
	///
	/// ```
	/// extern crate rustc_demangle;
	///
	/// let not_a_rust_symbol = "la la la";
	///
	/// // The `try_demangle` function will reject strings which are not Rust symbols.
	/// assert!(rustc_demangle::try_demangle(not_a_rust_symbol).is_err());
	///
	/// // While `demangle` will just pass the non-symbol through as a no-op.
	/// assert_eq!(rustc_demangle::demangle(not_a_rust_symbol).as_str(), not_a_rust_symbol);
	/// ```
	pub fn try_demangle(s: &str) -> Result<Demangle, TryDemangleError> {
	let sym = demangle(s);
	if sym.valid {
	Ok(sym)
	} else {
	Err(TryDemangleError { _priv: () })
	}
	}

	impl<'a> Demangle<'a> {
	/// Returns the underlying string that's being demangled.
	pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'a str {
	self.original
	}
	}

	// Rust hashes are hex digits with an `h` prepended.
	fn is_rust_hash(s: &str) -> bool {
	s.starts_with('h') && s[1..].chars().all(\|c\| c.is_digit(16))
	}

	fn is_symbol_like(s: &str) -> bool {
	s.chars().all(\|c\| {
	// Once `char::is_ascii_punctuation` and `char::is_ascii_alphanumeric`
	// have been stable for long enough, use those instead for clarity
	is_ascii_alphanumeric(c) \|\| is_ascii_punctuation(c)
	})
	}

	// Copied from the documentation of `char::is_ascii_alphanumeric`
	fn is_ascii_alphanumeric(c: char) -> bool {
	match c {
	'\u{0041}' ... '\u{005A}' \|
	'\u{0061}' ... '\u{007A}' \|
	'\u{0030}' ... '\u{0039}' => true,
	_ => false,
	}
	}

	// Copied from the documentation of `char::is_ascii_punctuation`
	fn is_ascii_punctuation(c: char) -> bool {
	match c {
	'\u{0021}' ... '\u{002F}' \|
	'\u{003A}' ... '\u{0040}' \|
	'\u{005B}' ... '\u{0060}' \|
	'\u{007B}' ... '\u{007E}' => true,
	_ => false,
	}
	}

	impl<'a> fmt::Display for Demangle<'a> {
	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
	// Alright, let's do this.
	if !self.valid {
	return f.write_str(self.inner);
	}

	let mut inner = self.inner;
	for element in 0..self.elements {
	let mut rest = inner;
	while rest.chars().next().unwrap().is_digit(10) {
	rest = &rest[1..];
	}
	let i: usize = inner[..(inner.len() - rest.len())].parse().unwrap();
	inner = &rest[i..];
	rest = &rest[..i];
	// Skip printing the hash if alternate formatting
	// was requested.
	if f.alternate() && element+1 == self.elements && is_rust_hash(&rest) {
	break;
	}
	if element != 0 {
	try!(f.write_str("::"));
	}
	if rest.starts_with("_$") {
	rest = &rest[1..];
	}
	while !rest.is_empty() {
	if rest.starts_with('.') {
	if let Some('.') = rest[1..].chars().next() {
	try!(f.write_str("::"));
	rest = &rest[2..];
	} else {
	try!(f.write_str("."));
	rest = &rest[1..];
	}
	} else if rest.starts_with('$') {
	macro_rules! demangle {
	($($pat:expr => $demangled:expr),*) => ({
	$(if rest.starts_with($pat) {
	try!(f.write_str($demangled));
	rest = &rest[$pat.len()..];
	} else)*
	{
	try!(f.write_str(rest));
	break;
	}

	})
	}

	// see src/librustc/back/link.rs for these mappings
	demangle! {
	"$SP$" => "@",
	"$BP$" => "*",
	"$RF$" => "&",
	"$LT$" => "<",
	"$GT$" => ">",
	"$LP$" => "(",
	"$RP$" => ")",
	"$C$" => ",",

	// in theory we can demangle any Unicode code point, but
	// for simplicity we just catch the common ones.
	"$u7e$" => "~",
	"$u20$" => " ",
	"$u27$" => "'",
	"$u5b$" => "[",
	"$u5d$" => "]",
	"$u7b$" => "{",
	"$u7d$" => "}",
	"$u3b$" => ";",
	"$u2b$" => "+",
	"$u22$" => "\""
	}
	} else {
	let idx = match rest.char_indices().find(\|&(_, c)\| c == '$' \|\| c == '.') {
	None => rest.len(),
	Some((i, _)) => i,
	};
	try!(f.write_str(&rest[..idx]));
	rest = &rest[idx..];
	}
	}
	}

	try!(f.write_str(self.suffix));

	Ok(())
	}
	}

	impl<'a> fmt::Debug for Demangle<'a> {
	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
	fmt::Display::fmt(self, f)
	}
	}

	#[cfg(test)]
	mod tests {
	use std::prelude::v1::*;

	macro_rules! t {
	($a:expr, $b:expr) => ({
	assert_eq!(super::demangle($a).to_string(), $b);
	})
	}

	macro_rules! t_nohash {
	($a:expr, $b:expr) => ({
	assert_eq!(format!("{:#}", super::demangle($a)), $b);
	})
	}

	#[test]
	fn demangle() {
	t!("test", "test");
	t!("_ZN4testE", "test");
	t!("_ZN4test", "_ZN4test");
	t!("_ZN4test1a2bcE", "test::a::bc");
	}

	#[test]
	fn demangle_dollars() {
	t!("_ZN4$RP$E", ")");
	t!("_ZN8$RF$testE", "&test");
	t!("_ZN8$BP$test4foobE", "*test::foob");
	t!("_ZN9$u20$test4foobE", " test::foob");
	t!("_ZN35Bar$LT$$u5b$u32$u3b$$u20$4$u5d$$GT$E", "Bar<[u32; 4]>");
	}

	#[test]
	fn demangle_many_dollars() {
	t!("_ZN13test$u20$test4foobE", "test test::foob");
	t!("_ZN12test$BP$test4foobE", "test*test::foob");
	}


	#[test]
	fn demangle_osx() {
	t!("__ZN5alloc9allocator6Layout9for_value17h02a996811f781011E", "alloc::allocator::Layout::for_value::h02a996811f781011");
	t!("__ZN38_$LT$core..option..Option$LT$T$GT$$GT$6unwrap18_MSG_FILE_LINE_COL17haf7cb8d5824ee659E", "<core::option::Option<T>>::unwrap::_MSG_FILE_LINE_COL::haf7cb8d5824ee659");
	t!("__ZN4core5slice89_$LT$impl$u20$core..iter..traits..IntoIterator$u20$for$u20$$RF$$u27$a$u20$$u5b$T$u5d$$GT$9into_iter17h450e234d27262170E", "core::slice::<impl core::iter::traits::IntoIterator for &'a [T]>::into_iter::h450e234d27262170");
	}

	#[test]
	fn demangle_windows() {
	t!("ZN4testE", "test");
	t!("ZN13test$u20$test4foobE", "test test::foob");
	t!("ZN12test$RF$test4foobE", "test&test::foob");
	}

	#[test]
	fn demangle_elements_beginning_with_underscore() {
	t!("_ZN13_$LT$test$GT$E", "<test>");
	t!("_ZN28_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$E", "{{closure}}");
	t!("_ZN15__STATIC_FMTSTRE", "__STATIC_FMTSTR");
	}

	#[test]
	fn demangle_trait_impls() {
	t!("_ZN71_$LT$Test$u20$$u2b$$u20$$u27$static$u20$as$u20$foo..Bar$LT$Test$GT$$GT$3barE",
	"<Test + 'static as foo::Bar<Test>>::bar");
	}

	#[test]
	fn demangle_without_hash() {
	let s = "_ZN3foo17h05af221e174051e9E";
	t!(s, "foo::h05af221e174051e9");
	t_nohash!(s, "foo");
	}

	#[test]
	fn demangle_without_hash_edgecases() {
	// One element, no hash.
	t_nohash!("_ZN3fooE", "foo");
	// Two elements, no hash.
	t_nohash!("_ZN3foo3barE", "foo::bar");
	// Longer-than-normal hash.
	t_nohash!("_ZN3foo20h05af221e174051e9abcE", "foo");
	// Shorter-than-normal hash.
	t_nohash!("_ZN3foo5h05afE", "foo");
	// Valid hash, but not at the end.
	t_nohash!("_ZN17h05af221e174051e93fooE", "h05af221e174051e9::foo");
	// Not a valid hash, missing the 'h'.
	t_nohash!("_ZN3foo16ffaf221e174051e9E", "foo::ffaf221e174051e9");
	// Not a valid hash, has a non-hex-digit.
	t_nohash!("_ZN3foo17hg5af221e174051e9E", "foo::hg5af221e174051e9");
	}

	#[test]
	fn demangle_thinlto() {
	// One element, no hash.
	t!("_ZN3fooE.llvm.9D1C9369", "foo");
	t!("_ZN3fooE.llvm.9D1C9369@@16", "foo");
	t_nohash!("_ZN9backtrace3foo17hbb467fcdaea5d79bE.llvm.A5310EB9", "backtrace::foo");
	}

	#[test]
	fn demangle_llvm_ir_branch_labels() {
	t!("_ZN4core5slice77_$LT$impl$u20$core..ops..index..IndexMut$LT$I$GT$$u20$for$u20$$u5b$T$u5d$$GT$9index_mut17haf9727c2edfbc47bE.exit.i.i", "core::slice::<impl core::ops::index::IndexMut<I> for [T]>::index_mut::haf9727c2edfbc47b.exit.i.i");
	t_nohash!("_ZN4core5slice77_$LT$impl$u20$core..ops..index..IndexMut$LT$I$GT$$u20$for$u20$$u5b$T$u5d$$GT$9index_mut17haf9727c2edfbc47bE.exit.i.i", "core::slice::<impl core::ops::index::IndexMut<I> for [T]>::index_mut.exit.i.i");
	}

	#[test]
	fn demangle_ignores_suffix_that_doesnt_look_like_a_symbol() {
	t!("_ZN3fooE.llvm moocow", "_ZN3fooE.llvm moocow");
	}

	#[test]
	fn dont_panic() {
	super::demangle("_ZN2222222222222222222222EE").to_string();
	super::demangle("_ZN5*70527e27.ll34csaғE").to_string();
	super::demangle("_ZN5*70527a54.ll34_$b.1E").to_string();
	super::demangle("\
	_ZN5~saäb4e\n\
	2734cOsbE\n\
	5usage20h)3\0\0\0\0\0\0\07e2734cOsbE\
	").to_string();
	}
	}