Rollup merge of #125417 - lqd:lld-retry, r=petrochenkov

self-contained linker: retry linking without `-fuse-ld=lld` on CCs that don't support it

For the self-contained linker, this PR applies [the strategy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/125330#issuecomment-2125119838) of retrying the linking step when the driver doesn't support `-fuse-ld=lld`, but with the option removed. This is the same strategy we already use of retrying when e.g. `-no-pie` is not supported.

Fixes #125330
r? `@petrochenkov`

I have no idea how we could add a test here, much like we don't have one for `-no-pie` or `-static-pie` -- let me know if you have ideas -- but I tested on a CentOS7 image:

```console
[root@d25b38376ede tmp]# ../build/host/stage1/bin/rustc helloworld.rs
 WARN rustc_codegen_ssa::back::link The linker driver does not support `-fuse-ld=lld`. Retrying without it.

[root@d25b38376ede tmp]# readelf -p .comment helloworld

String dump of section '.comment':
  [     0]  GCC: (GNU) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)
  [    2d]  rustc version 1.80.0-dev
```

I wasn't able to test with `cross` as the issue describes: I wasn't able to reproduce that behavior locally.
tree: c13a835aca9c2a33a4ed95d85c10efd303644bb6
  1. .github/
  2. .reuse/
  3. compiler/
  4. library/
  5. LICENSES/
  6. src/
  7. tests/
  8. .editorconfig
  9. .git-blame-ignore-revs
  10. .gitattributes
  11. .gitignore
  12. .gitmodules
  13. .mailmap
  14. Cargo.lock
  15. Cargo.toml
  16. CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
  17. config.example.toml
  18. configure
  19. CONTRIBUTING.md
  20. COPYRIGHT
  21. INSTALL.md
  22. LICENSE-APACHE
  23. LICENSE-MIT
  24. README.md
  25. RELEASES.md
  26. rust-bors.toml
  27. rustfmt.toml
  28. triagebot.toml
  29. x
  30. x.ps1
  31. x.py
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