perf: improve heuristic at `isDefEq` (#3837)

This is intended to fail at present: it just adds a test case containing
a minimization of a Mathlib slowdown from #3807.

Prior to #3807, the declaration `exists_algHom_adjoin_of_splits'''` at
the end of the file would take around 16,000 heartbeats. Now it takes
around 210,000 heartbeats.

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Co-authored-by: Leonardo de Moura <leomoura@amazon.com>
2 files changed