build(deps): bump the pip group across 1 directory with 3 updates (#3912) Bumps the pip group with 3 updates in the /tools/publish directory: [cryptography](https://github.com/pyca/cryptography), [idna](https://github.com/kjd/idna) and [urllib3](https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3). Updates `cryptography` from 46.0.7 to 48.0.1 <details> <summary>Changelog</summary> <p><em>Sourced from <a href="https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/blob/main/CHANGELOG.rst">cryptography's changelog</a>.</em></p> <blockquote> <p>48.0.1 - 2026-06-09</p> <pre><code> * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 4.0.1. <p>.. _v48-0-0:</p> <p>48.0.0 - 2026-05-04<br /> </code></pre></p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:</strong> Support for Python 3.8 has been removed. <code>cryptography</code> now requires Python 3.9 or later.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:</strong> Loading an X.509 CRL whose inner <code>TBSCertList.signature</code> algorithm does not match the outer <code>signatureAlgorithm</code> now raises <code>ValueError</code>. Previously, such CRLs were parsed successfully and only rejected during signature validation.</p> </li> <li> <p>Added support for :doc:<code>/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/mlkem</code> and :doc:<code>/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/mldsa</code> when using OpenSSL 3.5.0 or later, in addition to the existing AWS-LC and BoringSSL support. This means post-quantum algorithms are now available to users of our wheels.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Note:</strong> Going forward, we do not guarantee that all functionality in <code>cryptography</code> will be available when building against OpenSSL. See :doc:<code>/statements/state-of-openssl</code> for more information.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>.. _v47-0-0:</p> <p>47.0.0 - 2026-04-24</p> <pre><code> * Support for Python 3.8 is deprecated and will be removed in the next ``cryptography`` release. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for binary elliptic curves (``SECT*`` classes) has been removed. These curves are rarely used and have additional security considerations that make them undesirable. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for OpenSSL 1.1.x has been removed. OpenSSL 3.0.0 or later is now required. LibreSSL, BoringSSL, and AWS-LC continue to be supported. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for LibreSSL < 4.1. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Loading keys with unsupported algorithms or keys with unsupported explicit curve encodings now raises :class:`~cryptography.exceptions.UnsupportedAlgorithm` instead of ``ValueError``. This change affects :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_pem_private_key`, :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_der_private_key`, :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_pem_public_key`, :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_der_public_key`, and :meth:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.public_key` when called on certificates with unsupported public key algorithms. </tr></table> </code></pre> </blockquote> <p>... (truncated)</p> </details> <details> <summary>Commits</summary> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/de987ce48ccfeb1abca41efa23b2bf73ec704f74"><code>de987ce</code></a> 48.0.1 version bump and changelog (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/14996">#14996</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8e03e30e3aae01632a697e903e3593c924f0139d"><code>8e03e30</code></a> bump for 48.0.0 release (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/14796">#14796</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/295e0d254ef31ab864730aa41312ec355416ee71"><code>295e0d2</code></a> Add AGENTS.md with CLAUDE.md symlink (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/14794">#14794</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/104a2de19e268a433e6da92be9cb872dcf0003c8"><code>104a2de</code></a> Bump BoringSSL, OpenSSL, AWS-LC in CI (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/14793">#14793</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/67ec1e51988195e17993d2edef5258b27509b926"><code>67ec1e5</code></a> call check_length early on AesSiv::encrypt (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/14792">#14792</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b2da57a0d9e4bfd2b95364299091a18f74127b26"><code>b2da57a</code></a> changelog for mldsa/mlkem for openssl (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/14791">#14791</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/3cf44adee25c368d4a136e072fa9f80465d91eb0"><code>3cf44ad</code></a> ML-KEM OpenSSL support (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/14781">#14781</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/2e31639666766f846fbab2c605879db0fa64fe83"><code>2e31639</code></a> ML-DSA OpenSSL support (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/14773">#14773</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/5affe5a286a986fdf512c4a5cb280d28a96c10e3"><code>5affe5a</code></a> fix rust nightly clippy (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/14790">#14790</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/2e73ca448eaf64b6f0d4ffbb794cf96170cef5ec"><code>2e73ca4</code></a> bump rust-openssl dep and update EcPoint::mul_generator to mul_generator2 (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/1">#1</a>...</li> <li>Additional commits viewable in <a href="https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/compare/46.0.7...48.0.1">compare view</a></li> </ul> </details> <br /> Updates `idna` from 3.10 to 3.15 <details> <summary>Changelog</summary> <p><em>Sourced from <a href="https://github.com/kjd/idna/blob/master/HISTORY.md">idna's changelog</a>.</em></p> <blockquote> <h2>3.15 (2026-05-12)</h2> <ul> <li>Enforce DNS-length cap on individual labels early in <code>check_label</code>, short-circuiting contextual-rule processing for oversized input while staying compatible with UTS 46 usage.</li> <li>Tidy core helpers: hoist bidi category sets to module-level frozensets (avoiding per-codepoint list construction), simplify length checks, and reuse the shared <code>_unicode_dots_re</code> from <code>idna.core</code> in the codec module.</li> <li>Use <code>raise ... from err</code> for proper exception chaining and switch internal string formatting to f-strings.</li> <li>Allow <code>flit_core</code> 4.x in the build backend.</li> <li>Expand the ruff lint set (flake8-bugbear, flake8-simplify, pyupgrade, perflint) and apply the surfaced fixes; pin lint CI to Python 3.14.</li> <li>Add Dependabot configuration for GitHub Actions.</li> <li>Convert README and HISTORY from reStructuredText to Markdown.</li> <li>Reference CVE-2026-45409 for the 3.14 advisory in place of the initial GHSA identifier.</li> </ul> <p>Thanks to Felix Yan, Stan Ulbrych, and metsw24-max for contributions to this release.</p> <h2>3.14 (2026-05-10)</h2> <ul> <li>Removed opportunity to process long inputs into quadratic time by rejecting oversize inputs up-front. Closes a bypass of the CVE-2024-3651 mitigation. [CVE-2026-45409]</li> </ul> <p>Thanks to Stan Ulbrych for reporting the issue.</p> <h2>3.13 (2026-04-22)</h2> <ul> <li>Correct classification error for codepoint U+A7F1</li> </ul> <h2>3.12 (2026-04-21)</h2> <ul> <li>Update to Unicode 17.0.0.</li> <li>Issue a deprecation warning for the transitional argument.</li> <li>Added lazy-loading to provide some performance improvements.</li> <li>Removed vestiges of code related to Python 2 support, including segmentation of data structures specific to Jython.</li> </ul> <p>Thanks to Rodrigo Nogueira for contributions to this release.</p> <h2>3.11 (2025-10-12)</h2> <ul> <li>Update to Unicode 16.0.0, including significant changes to UTS46 processing. As a result of Unicode ending support for it, transitional processing no longer has an effect and returns the same result.</li> </ul> <!-- raw HTML omitted --> </blockquote> <p>... (truncated)</p> </details> <details> <summary>Commits</summary> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/kjd/idna/commit/af30a092e158181d0b35ac66dfa813788126bdd8"><code>af30a09</code></a> Release 3.15</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/kjd/idna/commit/30314d4628744ca14cf2b5820564e5127a9f86f2"><code>30314d4</code></a> Pre-release 3.15rc0</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/kjd/idna/commit/05d4b219aa9eddc47371fcbd2000f0301016f3e9"><code>05d4b21</code></a> Merge pull request <a href="https://redirect.github.com/kjd/idna/issues/237">#237</a> from kjd/convert-docs-to-markdown</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/kjd/idna/commit/2987fdba1962bbb2358399e0084ba062b98a0bee"><code>2987fdb</code></a> Convert README and HISTORY from reStructuredText to Markdown</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/kjd/idna/commit/59fa8002d514bf4a5ce7b58f67b9ec587d53fa9c"><code>59fa800</code></a> Merge pull request <a href="https://redirect.github.com/kjd/idna/issues/236">#236</a> from kjd/dependabot/github_actions/actions-f3e34333ea</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/kjd/idna/commit/def69834ced5d4b3c50439d8b99c4c856ec19ca2"><code>def6983</code></a> Merge branch 'master' into dependabot/github_actions/actions-f3e34333ea</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/kjd/idna/commit/bbd8004a797185d8c56bb555cd5c88fde05e0631"><code>bbd8004</code></a> Merge pull request <a href="https://redirect.github.com/kjd/idna/issues/234">#234</a> from StanFromIreland/patch-1</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/kjd/idna/commit/edd07c05024344a6ccb517414ccb36683aee99fc"><code>edd07c0</code></a> Bump github/codeql-action from 3.35.2 to 4.35.2 in the actions group</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/kjd/idna/commit/5557db030c11bdec50d62aa5f631d705d33ba123"><code>5557db0</code></a> Merge branch 'master' into patch-1</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/kjd/idna/commit/f11746cf4981d25123ef7830d3ee60f07de8ae3d"><code>f11746c</code></a> Merge pull request <a href="https://redirect.github.com/kjd/idna/issues/235">#235</a> from StanFromIreland/patch-2</li> <li>Additional commits viewable in <a href="https://github.com/kjd/idna/compare/v3.10...v3.15">compare view</a></li> </ul> </details> <br /> Updates `urllib3` from 2.6.3 to 2.7.0 <details> <summary>Release notes</summary> <p><em>Sourced from <a href="https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/releases">urllib3's releases</a>.</em></p> <blockquote> <h2>2.7.0</h2> <h2>🚀 urllib3 is fundraising for HTTP/2 support</h2> <p><a href="https://sethmlarson.dev/urllib3-is-fundraising-for-http2-support">urllib3 is raising ~$40,000 USD</a> to release HTTP/2 support and ensure long-term sustainable maintenance of the project after a sharp decline in financial support. If your company or organization uses Python and would benefit from HTTP/2 support in Requests, pip, cloud SDKs, and thousands of other projects <a href="https://opencollective.com/urllib3">please consider contributing financially</a> to ensure HTTP/2 support is developed sustainably and maintained for the long-haul.</p> <p>Thank you for your support.</p> <h2>Security</h2> <p>Addressed high-severity security issues. Impact was limited to specific use cases detailed in the accompanying advisories; overall user exposure was estimated to be marginal.</p> <ul> <li> <p>Decompression-bomb safeguards of the streaming API were bypassed:</p> <ol> <li>When <code>HTTPResponse.drain_conn()</code> was called after the response had been read and decompressed partially. (Reported by <a href="https://github.com/Cycloctane"><code>@​Cycloctane</code></a>)</li> <li>During the second <code>HTTPResponse.read(amt=N)</code> or <code>HTTPResponse.stream(amt=N)</code> call when the response was decompressed using the official <a href="https://pypi.org/project/brotli/">Brotli</a> library. (Reported by <a href="https://github.com/kimkou2024"><code>@​kimkou2024</code></a>)</li> </ol> <p>See GHSA-mf9v-mfxr-j63j for details.</p> </li> <li> <p>HTTP pools created using <code>ProxyManager.connection_from_url</code> did not strip sensitive headers specified in <code>Retry.remove_headers_on_redirect</code> when redirecting to a different host. (GHSA-qccp-gfcp-xxvc reported by <a href="https://github.com/christos-spearbit"><code>@​christos-spearbit</code></a>)</p> </li> </ul> <h2>Deprecations and Removals</h2> <ul> <li>Used <code>FutureWarning</code> instead of <code>DeprecationWarning</code> for better visibility of existing deprecation notices. Rescheduled the removal of deprecated features to version 3.0. (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3763">urllib3/urllib3#3763</a>)</li> <li>Removed support for end-of-life Python 3.9. (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3720">urllib3/urllib3#3720</a>)</li> <li>Removed support for end-of-life PyPy3.10. (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/4979">urllib3/urllib3#4979</a>)</li> <li>Bumped the minimum supported pyOpenSSL version to 19.0.0. (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3777">urllib3/urllib3#3777</a>)</li> </ul> <h2>Bugfixes</h2> <ul> <li>Fixed a bug where <code>HTTPResponse.read(amt=None)</code> was ignoring decompressed data buffered from previous partial reads. (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3636">urllib3/urllib3#3636</a>)</li> <li>Fixed a bug where <code>HTTPResponse.read()</code> could cache only part of the response after a partial read when <code>cache_content=True</code>. (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/4967">urllib3/urllib3#4967</a>)</li> <li>Fixed <code>HTTPResponse.stream()</code> and <code>HTTPResponse.read_chunked()</code> to handle <code>amt=0</code>. (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3793">urllib3/urllib3#3793</a>)</li> <li>Updated <code>_TYPE_BODY</code> type alias to include missing <code>Iterable[str]</code>, matching the documented and runtime behavior of chunked request bodies. (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3798">urllib3/urllib3#3798</a>)</li> <li>Fixed <code>LocationParseError</code> when paths resembling schemeless URIs were passed to <code>HTTPConnectionPool.urlopen()</code>. (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3352">urllib3/urllib3#3352</a>)</li> <li>Fixed <code>BaseHTTPResponse.readinto()</code> type annotation to accept <code>memoryview</code> in addition to <code>bytearray</code>, matching the <code>io.RawIOBase.readinto</code> contract and enabling use with <code>io.BufferedReader</code> without type errors. (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3764">urllib3/urllib3#3764</a>)</li> </ul> </blockquote> </details> <details> <summary>Changelog</summary> <p><em>Sourced from <a href="https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/blob/main/CHANGES.rst">urllib3's changelog</a>.</em></p> <blockquote> <h1>2.7.0 (2026-05-07)</h1> <h2>Security</h2> <p>Addressed high-severity security issues. Impact was limited to specific use cases detailed in the accompanying advisories; overall user exposure was estimated to be marginal.</p> <ul> <li> <p>Decompression-bomb safeguards of the streaming API were bypassed:</p> <ol> <li>When <code>HTTPResponse.drain_conn()</code> was called after the response had been read and decompressed partially.</li> <li>During the second <code>HTTPResponse.read(amt=N)</code> or <code>HTTPResponse.stream(amt=N)</code> call when the response was decompressed using the official <code>Brotli <https://pypi.org/project/brotli/></code>__ library.</li> </ol> <p>See <code>GHSA-mf9v-mfxr-j63j <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/security/advisories/GHSA-mf9v-mfxr-j63j></code>__ for details.</p> </li> <li> <p>HTTP pools created using <code>ProxyManager.connection_from_url</code> did not strip sensitive headers specified in <code>Retry.remove_headers_on_redirect</code> when redirecting to a different host. (<code>GHSA-qccp-gfcp-xxvc <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/security/advisories/GHSA-qccp-gfcp-xxvc></code>__)</p> </li> </ul> <h2>Deprecations and Removals</h2> <ul> <li>Used <code>FutureWarning</code> instead of <code>DeprecationWarning</code> for better visibility of existing deprecation notices. Rescheduled the removal of deprecated features to version 3.0. (<code>[#3763](https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3763) <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3763></code>__)</li> <li>Removed support for end-of-life Python 3.9. (<code>[#3720](https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3720) <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3720></code>__)</li> <li>Removed support for end-of-life PyPy3.10. (<code>[#4979](https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/4979) <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/4979></code>__)</li> <li>Bumped the minimum supported pyOpenSSL version to 19.0.0. (<code>[#3777](https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3777) <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3777></code>__)</li> </ul> <h2>Bugfixes</h2> <ul> <li>Fixed a bug where <code>HTTPResponse.read(amt=None)</code> was ignoring decompressed data buffered from previous partial reads. (<code>[#3636](https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3636) <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3636></code>__)</li> <li>Fixed a bug where <code>HTTPResponse.read()</code> could cache only part of the response after a partial read when <code>cache_content=True</code>.</li> </ul> <!-- raw HTML omitted --> </blockquote> <p>... (truncated)</p> </details> <details> <summary>Commits</summary> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/commit/9a950b92d999f906b6020bb2d1076ee56cddd5d2"><code>9a950b9</code></a> Release 2.7.0</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/commit/5ec0de499b9166ca71c65ab04f2a7e4eb0d66fcc"><code>5ec0de4</code></a> Merge commit from fork</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/commit/2bdcc44d1e163fb5cc48a8662425e35e15adfe6a"><code>2bdcc44</code></a> Merge commit from fork</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/commit/f45b0df09d8620ac6ed0491eb9362c8c87b7bc2c"><code>f45b0df</code></a> Fix a misleading example for <code>ProxyManager</code> (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/4970">#4970</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/commit/577193ca029872384f82c133449e0935f6d8a64b"><code>577193c</code></a> Switch to nightly PyPy3.11 in CI for now (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/4984">#4984</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/commit/e90af45bb006c3a452a3a21644a2681523f5c7fc"><code>e90af45</code></a> Avoid infinite loop in <code>HTTPResponse.read_chunked</code> when <code>amt=0</code> (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/4974">#4974</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/commit/67ed74fdaec6659a6534621ec8e3aaaa6f976210"><code>67ed74f</code></a> Bump dev dependencies (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/4972">#4972</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/commit/3abd481097b54d87b574ac7ea593c3f40938a84d"><code>3abd481</code></a> Upgrade mypy to version 1.20.2 (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/4978">#4978</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/commit/2b8725dfcac4f21d4d93cc0cc3a64a33af08f890"><code>2b8725d</code></a> Drop support for EOL PyPy3.10 (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/4979">#4979</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/commit/2944b2a0a6c573f5548a39cfd17196f98ee21b33"><code>2944b2a</code></a> Upgrade <code>setup-chrome</code> and <code>setup-firefox</code> to fix warnings (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/4973">#4973</a>)</li> <li>Additional commits viewable in <a href="https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/compare/2.6.3...2.7.0">compare view</a></li> </ul> </details> <br /> --------- Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com> Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Richard Levasseur <richardlev@gmail.com>
This repository is the home of the core Python rules -- py_library, py_binary, py_test, and related symbols that provide the basis for Python support in Bazel. It also contains package installation rules for integrating with PyPI and other indices.
Documentation for rules_python is at https://rules-python.readthedocs.io and in the Bazel Build Encyclopedia.
Examples live in the examples directory.
The core rules are stable. Their implementation is subject to Bazel's backward compatibility policy. This repository aims to follow semantic versioning.
The Bazel community maintains this repository. Neither Google nor the Bazel team provides support for the code. However, this repository is part of the test suite used to vet new Bazel releases. See How to contribute page for information on our development workflow.
requirements.txt is how users have been defining dependencies for a long time. We support this to support legacy usecases or package managers that we don't support directly. Any additional information that we need will be retrieved from the SimpleAPI during the bzlmod extension evaluation phase. Then it will be written to the MODULE.bazel.lock file for future reuse. We have plans to support uv.lock file directly. uv is recommended for generating a fully locked requirements.txt file and we do provide a rule for it.py_binary, py_test rules should scale to large monorepos and we work hard to minimize the work done during analysis and build phase. What is more, the space requirements for should be minimal, so we strive to use symlinks rather than extracting wheels at build time. This means that for different configurations of the same build, we are not extracting the wheel multiple times thus scaling better over the time. From 2.0 onwards we are creating a virtual env for each target by creating an actual minimal virtual environment using symlinks. We plan on creating the traditional site-packages layout in the future by default.rules_python and this has resulted in a few PEPs supported within pure starlark - PEP440, PEP509.Common misconceptions:
rules_python has to keep backwards compatibility with google3. Whilst this might have been true in the past, rules_python is an open source project and any compatibility needs should come from the community - we have no requirement to keep this compatibility and are allowed to make our decisions. However, we do want to keep backwards compatibility as long as possible to not upset users with never ending migrations.rules_python is not caching pip downloads. With 2.0, we use Bazel's downloader by default and rely on bazel to provide the repository caching mechanisms. This means that for simpler setups this should result in transparent and scalable caching with the most recent bazel versions unless there are issues in the bazel itself.For detailed documentation, see https://rules-python.readthedocs.io
See Bzlmod support for more details.