Clang: Record Clang 16.0 C++ modules flags only for GNU-like front-end

The settings added by commit 3fe8e33f27 (Clang: Record Clang 16.0 flags
for our experimental C++ modules support, 2023-03-03, v3.26.0-rc6~6^2)
work only for the GNU-like `clang++` front-end, and not for the
MSVC-like `clang-cl` on Windows.

Also quote the path to `clang-scan-deps` to support spaces in its path.

Issue: #24611
1 file changed