Restore implicit include directory extraction for adaptive relative paths

Update the logic added by commit ef41d49812 (Fix implicit include
directory extraction for adaptive relative paths, 2019-04-08,
v3.14.2~5^2) to account for the new `try_compile` work directory used
for the ABI check since commit 2edf0fc6d7 (Modules: Use new
keyword-dispatched try_compile signature, 2022-09-13,
v3.25.0-rc1~144^2).

Paths relative to the work directory will now have one more `../`
in them, so update the test data to match.

Fixes: #24279