Version | 4.0.2 |
---|
Official API document by kabeor
Capstone Engine是一个支持多种硬件架构的二进制反汇编引擎。
Capstone官网: https://www.capstone-engine.org
源码: https://github.com/capstone-engine/capstone.git
git clone下来 文件结构如下:
. <- 主要引擎core engine + README + 编译文档COMPILE.TXT 等 ├── arch <- 各语言反编译支持的代码实现 │ ├── AArch64 <- ARM64 (aka ARMv8) 引擎 │ ├── ARM <- ARM 引擎 │ ├── EVM <- Ethereum 引擎 │ ├── M680X <- M680X 引擎 │ ├── M68K <- M68K 引擎 | ├── MOS65XX <- MOS65XX 引擎 │ ├── Mips <- Mips 引擎 │ ├── PowerPC <- PowerPC 引擎 │ ├── Sparc <- Sparc 引擎 │ ├── SystemZ <- SystemZ 引擎 │ ├── TMS320C64x <- TMS320C64x 引擎 │ ├── X86 <- X86 引擎 │ └── XCore <- XCore 引擎 ├── bindings <- 绑定 │ ├── java <- Java 绑定 + 测试代码 │ ├── ocaml <- Ocaml 绑定 + 测试代码 │ ├── powershell <- powershell 绑定 + 测试代码 │ ├── python <- python 绑定 + 测试代码 │ └── vb6 <- vb6 绑定 + 测试代码 ├── contrib <- 社区代码 ├── cstool <- Cstool 检测工具源码 ├── docs <- 文档,主要是capstone的实现思路 ├── include <- C头文件 ├── msvc <- Microsoft Visual Studio 支持(Windows) ├── packages <- Linux/OSX/BSD包 ├── suite <- 项目开发所需工具 ├── tests <- C语言测试用例 ├── windows <- Windows 支持(Windows内核驱动编译) ├── windowsce <- Windows CE 支持 └── xcode <- Xcode 支持 (MacOSX 编译)
下面演示Windows10使用Visual Studio2019编译
复制msvc文件夹到一个比较清爽的位置,内部结构如下:
VS打开capstone.sln项目文件,解决方案自动载入这些
可以看到支持的所有语言都在这里了,如果都需要的话,直接编译就好了,只需要其中几种,则右键解决方案->属性->配置属性 如下
生成选项中勾选你需要的支持项即可 编译后会在当前文件夹Debug目录下生成capstone.lib静态编译库和capstone.dll动态库这样就可以开始使用Capstone进行开发了
如果不想自己编译,官方也提供了官方编译版本
Win32: https://github.com/capstone-engine/capstone/releases/download/4.0.2/capstone-4.0.2-win32.zip
Win64: https://github.com/capstone-engine/capstone/releases/download/4.0.2/capstone-4.0.2-win64.zip
选x32或x64将影响后面开发的位数
新建一个VS项目,将capstone\include\capstone中的头文件以及编译好的lib和dll文件全部拷贝到新建项目的主目录下
在VS解决方案中,头文件添加现有项capstone.h,资源文件中添加capstone.lib,重新生成解决方案
那么现在来测试一下我们自己的capstone引擎吧
主文件写入如下代码
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include <cinttypes> #include "capstone.h" using namespace std; #define CODE "\x55\x48\x8b\x05\xb8\x13\x00\x00" int main(void) { csh handle; cs_insn* insn; size_t count; if (cs_open(CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64, &handle)) { printf("ERROR: Failed to initialize engine!\n"); return -1; } count = cs_disasm(handle, (unsigned char*)CODE, sizeof(CODE) - 1, 0x1000, 0, &insn); if (count) { size_t j; for (j = 0; j < count; j++) { printf("0x%""Ix"":\t%s\t\t%s\n", insn[j].address, insn[j].mnemonic, insn[j].op_str); } cs_free(insn, count); } else printf("ERROR: Failed to disassemble given code!\n"); cs_close(&handle); return 0; }
运行结果
用于生成调用capstone API的句柄
size_t csh
用法:
csh handle;
架构选择
enum cs_arch { CS_ARCH_ARM = 0, ///< ARM 架构 (包括 Thumb, Thumb-2) CS_ARCH_ARM64, ///< ARM-64, 也叫 AArch64 CS_ARCH_MIPS, ///< Mips 架构 CS_ARCH_X86, ///< X86 架构 (包括 x86 & x86-64) CS_ARCH_PPC, ///< PowerPC 架构 CS_ARCH_SPARC, ///< Sparc 架构 CS_ARCH_SYSZ, ///< SystemZ 架构 CS_ARCH_XCORE, ///< XCore 架构 CS_ARCH_M68K, ///< 68K 架构 CS_ARCH_TMS320C64X, ///< TMS320C64x 架构 CS_ARCH_M680X, ///< 680X 架构 CS_ARCH_EVM, ///< Ethereum 架构 CS_ARCH_MAX, CS_ARCH_ALL = 0xFFFF, // All 架构 - for cs_support() } cs_arch;
用法:API中cs_arch参数填入枚举内容,如API中cs_open(cs_arch arch, cs_mode mode, csh *handle);第一个参数填CS_ARCH_X86则支持X86 架构
模式选择
enum cs_mode { CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN = 0, ///< little-endian 模式 (default 模式) CS_MODE_ARM = 0, ///< 32-bit ARM CS_MODE_16 = 1 << 1, ///< 16-bit 模式 (X86) CS_MODE_32 = 1 << 2, ///< 32-bit 模式 (X86) CS_MODE_64 = 1 << 3, ///< 64-bit 模式 (X86, PPC) CS_MODE_THUMB = 1 << 4, ///< ARM's Thumb 模式, 包括 Thumb-2 CS_MODE_MCLASS = 1 << 5, ///< ARM's Cortex-M 系列 CS_MODE_V8 = 1 << 6, ///< ARMv8 A32解码方式 CS_MODE_MICRO = 1 << 4, ///< MicroMips 模式 (MIPS) CS_MODE_MIPS3 = 1 << 5, ///< Mips III ISA CS_MODE_MIPS32R6 = 1 << 6, ///< Mips32r6 ISA CS_MODE_MIPS2 = 1 << 7, ///< Mips II ISA CS_MODE_V9 = 1 << 4, ///< SparcV9 模式 (Sparc) CS_MODE_QPX = 1 << 4, ///< Quad Processing eXtensions 模式 (PPC) CS_MODE_SPE = 1 << 5, ///< Signal Processing Engine 模式 (PPC) CS_MODE_BOOKE = 1 << 6, ///< Book-E 模式 (PPC) CS_MODE_M68K_000 = 1 << 1, ///< M68K 68000 模式 CS_MODE_M68K_010 = 1 << 2, ///< M68K 68010 模式 CS_MODE_M68K_020 = 1 << 3, ///< M68K 68020 模式 CS_MODE_M68K_030 = 1 << 4, ///< M68K 68030 模式 CS_MODE_M68K_040 = 1 << 5, ///< M68K 68040 模式 CS_MODE_M68K_060 = 1 << 6, ///< M68K 68060 模式 CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN = 1 << 31, ///< big-endian 模式 CS_MODE_MIPS32 = CS_MODE_32, ///< Mips32 ISA (Mips) CS_MODE_MIPS64 = CS_MODE_64, ///< Mips64 ISA (Mips) CS_MODE_M680X_6301 = 1 << 1, ///< M680X Hitachi 6301,6303 模式 CS_MODE_M680X_6309 = 1 << 2, ///< M680X Hitachi 6309 模式 CS_MODE_M680X_6800 = 1 << 3, ///< M680X Motorola 6800,6802 模式 CS_MODE_M680X_6801 = 1 << 4, ///< M680X Motorola 6801,6803 模式 CS_MODE_M680X_6805 = 1 << 5, ///< M680X Motorola/Freescale 6805 模式 CS_MODE_M680X_6808 = 1 << 6, ///< M680X Motorola/Freescale/NXP 68HC08 模式 CS_MODE_M680X_6809 = 1 << 7, ///< M680X Motorola 6809 模式 CS_MODE_M680X_6811 = 1 << 8, ///< M680X Motorola/Freescale/NXP 68HC11 模式 CS_MODE_M680X_CPU12 = 1 << 9, ///< M680X Motorola/Freescale/NXP CPU12 ///< 用于 M68HC12/HCS12 CS_MODE_M680X_HCS08 = 1 << 10, ///< M680X Freescale/NXP HCS08 模式 CS_MODE_BPF_CLASSIC = 0, ///< Classic BPF 模式 (默认) CS_MODE_BPF_EXTENDED = 1 << 0, ///< Extended BPF 模式 CS_MODE_RISCV32 = 1 << 0, ///< RISCV RV32G CS_MODE_RISCV64 = 1 << 1, ///< RISCV RV64G CS_MODE_RISCVC = 1 << 2, ///< RISCV 压缩指令模式 CS_MODE_MOS65XX_6502 = 1 << 1, ///< MOS65XXX MOS 6502 CS_MODE_MOS65XX_65C02 = 1 << 2, ///< MOS65XXX WDC 65c02 CS_MODE_MOS65XX_W65C02 = 1 << 3, ///< MOS65XXX WDC W65c02 CS_MODE_MOS65XX_65816 = 1 << 4, ///< MOS65XXX WDC 65816, 8-bit m/x CS_MODE_MOS65XX_65816_LONG_M = (1 << 5), ///< MOS65XXX WDC 65816, 16-bit m, 8-bit x CS_MODE_MOS65XX_65816_LONG_X = (1 << 6), ///< MOS65XXX WDC 65816, 8-bit m, 16-bit x CS_MODE_MOS65XX_65816_LONG_MX = CS_MODE_MOS65XX_65816_LONG_M | CS_MODE_MOS65XX_65816_LONG_X, } cs_mode;
用法:API中cs_mode参数填入枚举内容,如API中cs_open(cs_arch arch, cs_mode mode, csh *handle);第二个参数填CS_MODE_64则支持X64模式
内存操作
struct cs_opt_mem { cs_malloc_t malloc; cs_calloc_t calloc; cs_realloc_t realloc; cs_free_t free; cs_vsnprintf_t vsnprintf; } cs_opt_mem;
用法:可使用用户自定义的malloc/calloc/realloc/free/vsnprintf()函数,默认使用系统自带malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), free() & vsnprintf()
自定义助记符
struct cs_opt_mnem { /// 需要自定义的指令ID unsigned int id; /// 自定义的助记符 const char *mnemonic; } cs_opt_mnem;
反编译的运行时选项
enum cs_opt_type { CS_OPT_INVALID = 0, ///< 无特殊要求 CS_OPT_SYNTAX, ///< 汇编输出语法 CS_OPT_DETAIL, ///< 将指令结构分解为多个细节 CS_OPT_MODE, ///< 运行时改变引擎模式 CS_OPT_MEM, ///< 用户定义的动态内存相关函数 CS_OPT_SKIPDATA, ///< 在反汇编时跳过数据。然后引擎将处于SKIPDATA模式 CS_OPT_SKIPDATA_SETUP, ///< 为SKIPDATA选项设置用户定义函数 CS_OPT_MNEMONIC, ///<自定义指令助记符 CS_OPT_UNSIGNED, ///< 以无符号形式打印立即操作数 } cs_opt_type;
用法:API cs_option(csh handle, cs_opt_type type, size_t value);中第二个参数
运行时选项值(与cs_opt_type关联)
enum cs_opt_value { CS_OPT_OFF = 0, ///< 关闭一个选项 - 默认为CS_OPT_DETAIL, CS_OPT_SKIPDATA, CS_OPT_UNSIGNED. CS_OPT_ON = 3, ///< 打开一个选项 (CS_OPT_DETAIL, CS_OPT_SKIPDATA). CS_OPT_SYNTAX_DEFAULT = 0, ///< 默认asm语法 (CS_OPT_SYNTAX). CS_OPT_SYNTAX_INTEL, ///< X86 Intel asm语法 - 默认开启 X86 (CS_OPT_SYNTAX). CS_OPT_SYNTAX_ATT, ///< X86 ATT 汇编语法 (CS_OPT_SYNTAX). CS_OPT_SYNTAX_NOREGNAME, ///< 只打印寄存器名和编号 (CS_OPT_SYNTAX) CS_OPT_SYNTAX_MASM, ///< X86 Intel Masm 语法 (CS_OPT_SYNTAX). CS_OPT_SYNTAX_MOTOROLA, ///< MOS65XX 用 $ 作为hex头 } cs_opt_value;
用法:API cs_option(csh handle, cs_opt_type type, size_t value);中第三个参数
通用指令操作数类型,在所有架构中保持一致
enum cs_op_type { CS_OP_INVALID = 0, ///< 未初始化/无效的操作数 CS_OP_REG, ///< 寄存器操作数 CS_OP_IMM, ///< 立即操作数 CS_OP_MEM, ///< 内存操作数 CS_OP_FP, ///< 浮点数 } cs_op_type;
目前开放的API中未调用
通用指令操作数访问类型,在所有架构中保持一致 可以组合访问类型,例如:CS_AC_READ | CS_AC_WRITE
enum cs_ac_type { CS_AC_INVALID = 0, ///< 未初始化/无效的访问类型 CS_AC_READ = 1 << 0, ///< 操作数从内存或寄存器中读取 CS_AC_WRITE = 1 << 1, ///< 操作数从内存或寄存器中写入 } cs_ac_type;
目前开放的API中未调用
公共指令组,在所有架构中保持一致
cs_group_type { CS_GRP_INVALID = 0, ///< 未初始化/无效指令组 CS_GRP_JUMP, ///< 所有跳转指令(条件跳转+直接跳转+间接跳转) CS_GRP_CALL, ///< 所有调用指令 CS_GRP_RET, ///< 所有返回指令 CS_GRP_INT, ///< 所有中断指令(int+syscall) CS_GRP_IRET, ///< 所有中断返回指令 CS_GRP_PRIVILEGE, ///< 所有特权指令 CS_GRP_BRANCH_RELATIVE, ///< 所有相关分支指令 } cs_group_type;
目前开放的API中未调用
用户自定义设置SKIPDATA选项
struct cs_opt_skipdata { /// Capstone认为要跳过的数据是特殊的“指令” /// 用户可以在这里指定该指令的“助记符”字符串 /// 默认情况下(@mnemonic为NULL), Capstone使用“.byte” const char *mnemonic; /// 用户定义的回调函数,当Capstone命中数据时调用 /// 如果这个回调返回的值是正数(>0),Capstone将跳过这个字节数并继续。如果回调返回0,Capstone将停止反汇编并立即从cs_disasm()返回 /// 注意:如果这个回调指针为空,Capstone会根据架构跳过一些字节,如下所示: /// Arm: 2 bytes (Thumb mode) or 4 bytes. /// Arm64: 4 bytes. /// Mips: 4 bytes. /// M680x: 1 byte. /// PowerPC: 4 bytes. /// Sparc: 4 bytes. /// SystemZ: 2 bytes. /// X86: 1 bytes. /// XCore: 2 bytes. /// EVM: 1 bytes. /// RISCV: 4 bytes. /// WASM: 1 bytes. /// MOS65XX: 1 bytes. /// BPF: 8 bytes. cs_skipdata_cb_t callback; // 默认值为 NULL /// 用户自定义数据将被传递给@callback函数指针 void *user_data; } cs_opt_skipdata;
目前开放的API中未调用
注意:只有当CS_OPT_DETAIL = CS_OPT_ON时,cs_detail中的所有信息才可用
在arch/ARCH/ARCHDisassembler.c的ARCH_getInstruction中初始化为memset(., 0, offsetof(cs_detail, ARCH)+sizeof(cs_ARCH))
如果cs_detail发生了变化,特别是在union之后添加了字段,那么相应地更新arch/ arch/ archdisassembly.c
struct cs_detail { uint16_t regs_read[16]; ///< 这个参数读取隐式寄存器列表 uint8_t regs_read_count; ///< 这个参数读取隐式寄存器计数 uint16_t regs_write[20]; ///< 这个参数修改隐式寄存器列表 uint8_t regs_write_count; ///< 这个参数修改隐式寄存器计数 uint8_t groups[8]; ///< 此指令所属的指令组的列表 uint8_t groups_count; ///< 此指令所属的组的数 /// 特定于体系结构的信息 union { cs_x86 x86; ///< X86 架构, 包括 16-bit, 32-bit & 64-bit 模式 cs_arm64 arm64; ///< ARM64 架构 (aka AArch64) cs_arm arm; ///< ARM 架构 (包括 Thumb/Thumb2) cs_m68k m68k; ///< M68K 架构 cs_mips mips; ///< MIPS 架构 cs_ppc ppc; ///< PowerPC 架构 cs_sparc sparc; ///< Sparc 架构 cs_sysz sysz; ///< SystemZ 架构 cs_xcore xcore; ///< XCore 架构 cs_tms320c64x tms320c64x; ///< TMS320C64x 架构 cs_m680x m680x; ///< M680X 架构 cs_evm evm; ///< Ethereum 架构 cs_mos65xx mos65xx; ///< MOS65XX 架构 (包含 MOS6502) cs_wasm wasm; ///< Web Assembly 架构 cs_bpf bpf; ///< Berkeley Packet Filter 架构 (包含 eBPF) cs_riscv riscv; ///< RISCV 架构 }; } cs_detail;
指令的详细信息
struct cs_insn { /// 指令ID(基本上是一个用于指令助记符的数字ID) /// 应在相应架构的头文件中查找'[ARCH]_insn' enum中的指令id,如ARM.h中的'arm_insn'代表ARM, X86.h中的'x86_insn'代表X86等… /// 即使在CS_OPT_DETAIL = CS_OPT_OFF时也可以使用此信息 /// 注意:在Skipdata模式下,这个id字段的“data”指令为0 unsigned int id; /// 指令地址 (EIP) /// 即使在CS_OPT_DETAIL = CS_OPT_OFF时也可以使用此信息 uint64_t address; /// 指令长度 /// 即使在CS_OPT_DETAIL = CS_OPT_OFF时也可以使用此信息 uint16_t size; /// 此指令的机器码,其字节数由上面的@size表示 /// 即使在CS_OPT_DETAIL = CS_OPT_OFF时也可以使用此信息 uint8_t bytes[24]; /// 指令的Ascii文本助记符 /// 即使在CS_OPT_DETAIL = CS_OPT_OFF时也可以使用此信息 char mnemonic[CS_MNEMONIC_SIZE]; /// 指令操作数的Ascii文本 /// 即使在CS_OPT_DETAIL = CS_OPT_OFF时也可以使用此信息 char op_str[160]; /// cs_detail指针 /// 注意:只有同时满足以下两个要求时,detail指针才有效: /// (1) CS_OP_DETAIL = CS_OPT_ON /// (2) 引擎未处于Skipdata模式(CS_OP_SKIPDATA选项设置为CS_OPT_ON) /// /// 注意2:当处于Skipdata模式或detail模式关闭时,即使这个指针不是NULL,它的内容仍然是不相关的。 cs_detail *detail; } cs_insn;
Capstone API遇到的各类型的错误时cs_errno()的返回值
typedef enum cs_err { CS_ERR_OK = 0, ///< 无错误 CS_ERR_MEM, ///< 内存不足: cs_open(), cs_disasm(), cs_disasm_iter() CS_ERR_ARCH, ///< 不支持的架构: cs_open() CS_ERR_HANDLE, ///<句柄不可用: cs_op_count(), cs_op_index() CS_ERR_CSH, ///< csh参数不可用: cs_close(), cs_errno(), cs_option() CS_ERR_MODE, ///< 无效的或不支持的模式: cs_open() CS_ERR_OPTION, ///< 无效的或不支持的选项: cs_option() CS_ERR_DETAIL, ///< 信息不可用,因为detail选项是关闭的 CS_ERR_MEMSETUP, ///< 动态内存管理未初始化(见 CS_OPT_MEM) CS_ERR_VERSION, ///< 不支持版本 (bindings) CS_ERR_DIET, ///< 在“diet”引擎中访问不相关的数据 CS_ERR_SKIPDATA, ///< 在SKIPDATA模式下访问与“数据”指令无关的数据 CS_ERR_X86_ATT, ///< X86 AT&T 语法不支持(在编译时退出) CS_ERR_X86_INTEL, ///< X86 Intel 语法不支持(在编译时退出) CS_ERR_X86_MASM, ///< X86 Intel 语法不支持(在编译时退出) } cs_err;
unsigned int CAPSTONE_API cs_version(int *major, int *minor);
用来输出capstone版本号
major: API主版本 minor: API次版本 return: 返回主次版本的16进制,如4.0版本返回 0x0400
该版本定义于cs.c中,编译后不可更改,不接受自定义版本
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include "platform.h" #include "capstone.h" static int test() { return cs_version(NULL, NULL); } int main() { int version = test(); printf("%X", version); return 0; }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include "platform.h" #include "capstone.h" static int test() { int ma[] = { 5 }; int mi[] = { 6 }; return cs_version(ma, mi); } int main() { int version = test(); printf("%X", version); return 0; }
可见并不能改变
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_support(int query);
用来检查capstone库是否支持参数输入的架构或处于某编译选项
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_support(int query) { if (query == CS_ARCH_ALL) return all_arch == ((1 << CS_ARCH_ARM) | (1 << CS_ARCH_ARM64) | (1 << CS_ARCH_MIPS) | (1 << CS_ARCH_X86) | (1 << CS_ARCH_PPC) | (1 << CS_ARCH_SPARC) | (1 << CS_ARCH_SYSZ) | (1 << CS_ARCH_XCORE) | (1 << CS_ARCH_M68K) | (1 << CS_ARCH_TMS320C64X) | (1 << CS_ARCH_M680X) | (1 << CS_ARCH_EVM)); if ((unsigned int)query < CS_ARCH_MAX) return all_arch & (1 << query); if (query == CS_SUPPORT_DIET) { #ifdef CAPSTONE_DIET return true; #else return false; #endif } if (query == CS_SUPPORT_X86_REDUCE) { #if defined(CAPSTONE_HAS_X86) && defined(CAPSTONE_X86_REDUCE) return true; #else return false; #endif } // unsupported query return false; }
示例1(CS_ARCH_ALL,检查是否支持所有架构)
示例2(CS_ARCH_*,检查是否支持指定架构)
示例3(检查是否处于DIET编译模式):
示例4(检查是否处于X86_REDUCE编译模式)
void* (CAPSTONE_API *cs_malloc_t)(size_t size);
cs的动态内存分配,用于
struct cs_opt_mem { cs_malloc_t malloc; cs_calloc_t calloc; cs_realloc_t realloc; cs_free_t free; cs_vsnprintf_t vsnprintf; } cs_opt_mem;
在用户模式下,cs_mem_malloc默认使用系统malloc
Windows driver模式下,cs_malloc_t cs_mem_malloc = cs_winkernel_malloc;
cs_winkernel_malloc定义于\capstone-4.0.1\windows\winkernel_mm.c,
void * CAPSTONE_API cs_winkernel_malloc(size_t size) { // 长度不能分配为0 NT_ASSERT(size); // FP; NonPagedPool用于支持 Windows 7 #pragma prefast(suppress : 30030) // 分配可执行的POOL_TYPE内存 size_t number_of_bytes = 0; CS_WINKERNEL_MEMBLOCK *block = NULL; // 特定的值能造成溢出 // 如果value中的和超出或低于类型容量,函数将返回NULL。 if (!NT_SUCCESS(RtlSizeTAdd(size, sizeof(CS_WINKERNEL_MEMBLOCK), &number_of_bytes))) { return NULL; } block = (CS_WINKERNEL_MEMBLOCK *)ExAllocatePoolWithTag( NonPagedPool, number_of_bytes, CS_WINKERNEL_POOL_TAG); if (!block) { return NULL; } block->size = size; return block->data; }
OSX kernel模式下,
cs_malloc_t cs_mem_malloc = kern_os_malloc;
,这里暂且不探讨。
void* (CAPSTONE_API *cs_calloc_t)(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
cs申请内存并初始化
用于struct cs_opt_mem
,定义于cs.c
用户模式: cs_calloc_t cs_mem_calloc = calloc;
,使用系统calloc
Windows driver模式: cs_calloc_t cs_mem_calloc = cs_winkernel_calloc;
void * CAPSTONE_API cs_winkernel_calloc(size_t n, size_t size) { size_t total = n * size; void *new_ptr = cs_winkernel_malloc(total); if (!new_ptr) { return NULL; } return RtlFillMemory(new_ptr, total, 0); }
OSX kernel模式:
cs_calloc_t cs_mem_calloc = cs_kern_os_calloc;
直接调用kern_os_malloc
void* (CAPSTONE_API *cs_realloc_t)(void *ptr, size_t size);
cs重新分配内存
用于struct cs_opt_mem
,定义于cs.c
用户模式: cs_realloc_t cs_mem_realloc = realloc;
,调用系统realloc
Windows driver模式: cs_realloc_t cs_mem_realloc = cs_winkernel_realloc;
void * CAPSTONE_API cs_winkernel_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size) { void *new_ptr = NULL; size_t current_size = 0; size_t smaller_size = 0; if (!ptr) { return cs_winkernel_malloc(size); } new_ptr = cs_winkernel_malloc(size); if (!new_ptr) { return NULL; } current_size = CONTAINING_RECORD(ptr, CS_WINKERNEL_MEMBLOCK, data)->size; smaller_size = (current_size < size) ? current_size : size; RtlCopyMemory(new_ptr, ptr, smaller_size); cs_winkernel_free(ptr); return new_ptr; }
OSX kernel模式:
cs_realloc_t cs_mem_realloc = kern_os_realloc;
typedef void (CAPSTONE_API *cs_free_t)(void *ptr);
cs释放内存
用于struct cs_opt_mem
,定义于cs.c
用户模式: cs_free_t cs_mem_free = free;
,调用系统free
Windows driver模式: cs_free_t cs_mem_free = cs_winkernel_free;
void CAPSTONE_API cs_winkernel_free(void *ptr) { if (ptr) { ExFreePoolWithTag(CONTAINING_RECORD(ptr, CS_WINKERNEL_MEMBLOCK, data), CS_WINKERNEL_POOL_TAG); } }
OSX kernel模式:
cs_free_t cs_mem_free = kern_os_free;
int (CAPSTONE_API *cs_vsnprintf_t)(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, va_list ap);
按size大小输出到字符串str中
如果系统为wince,将使用_vsnprintf函数
vsnprintf ()和_vsnprintf()对于驱动程序都是可用的,但是它们有一些不同
在需要返回值和设置空终止符时应使用vsnprintf()
Windows driver模式: cs_vsnprintf_t cs_vsnprintf = cs_winkernel_vsnprintf;
int CAPSTONE_API cs_winkernel_vsnprintf(char *buffer, size_t count, const char *format, va_list argptr) { int result = _vsnprintf(buffer, count, format, argptr); // _vsnprintf()在字符串被截断时返回-1,在整个字符串被存储但“buffer”末尾没有“\0”时返回“count”。在这两种情况下,都需要手动添加空终止符。 if (result == -1 || (size_t)result == count) { buffer[count - 1] = '\0'; } if (result == -1) { // 在返回-1时,函数必须获取并返回一些本来要写入的字符。因此,通过重试使用temp buffer进行相同的转换,这个缓冲区就可能足够大来完成格式化,并且获得很多本应写入的字符。 char* tmp = cs_winkernel_malloc(0x1000); if (!tmp) { return result; } result = _vsnprintf(tmp, 0x1000, format, argptr); NT_ASSERT(result != -1); cs_winkernel_free(tmp); } return result; }
OSX kernel模式:
cs_vsnprintf_t cs_vsnprintf = vsnprintf;
,使用默认vsnprintf
size_t (CAPSTONE_API *cs_skipdata_cb_t)(const uint8_t *code, size_t code_size, size_t offset, void *user_data);
SKIPDATA选项的用户自定义回调函数。
code:包含要分解的代码的输入缓冲区。和传递给cs_disasm()的缓冲区相同。 code_size:上面的code缓冲区的大小(以字节为单位)。 offset:上面提到的输入缓冲区code中当前检查字节的位置。 user_data:用户数据通过cs_opt_skipdata结构中的@user_data字段传递给cs_option()。 return:返回要跳过的字节数,或者0表示立即停止反汇编。
cs_skipdata_cb_t在struct cs_opt_skipdata
中调用
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include "platform.h" #include "capstone.h" struct platform { cs_arch arch; cs_mode mode; unsigned char* code; size_t size; const char* comment; cs_opt_type opt_type; cs_opt_value opt_value; cs_opt_type opt_skipdata; size_t skipdata; }; static void print_string_hex(unsigned char* str, size_t len) //输出机器码 { unsigned char* c; printf("Code: "); for (c = str; c < str + len; c++) { printf("0x%02x ", *c & 0xff); } printf("\n"); } static void test() { #define X86_CODE32 "\x8d\x4c\x32\x08\x01\xd8\x81\xc6\x34\x12\x00\x00\x00\x91\x92" //测试用机器码 #define RANDOM_CODE "\xed\x00\x00\x00\x00\x1a\x5a\x0f\x1f\xff\xc2\x09\x80\x00\x00\x00\x07\xf7\xeb\x2a\xff\xff\x7f\x57\xe3\x01\xff\xff\x7f\x57\xeb\x00\xf0\x00\x00\x24\xb2\x4f\x00\x78" cs_opt_skipdata skipdata = { // 把默认 "data" 描述符从 ".byte" 重命名为 "db" "db", }; struct platform platforms[2] = { //以默认描述符和自定义描述符两种方式建立一个数组 { CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_32, (unsigned char*)X86_CODE32, sizeof(X86_CODE32) - 1, "X86 32 (Intel syntax) - Skip data", }, { CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_32, (unsigned char*)X86_CODE32, sizeof(X86_CODE32) - 1, "X86 32 (Intel syntax) - Skip data with custom mnemonic", CS_OPT_INVALID, CS_OPT_OFF, CS_OPT_SKIPDATA_SETUP, (size_t)& skipdata, }, }; csh handle; //建立capstone句柄 uint64_t address = 0x1000; //设置起始地址 cs_insn* insn; //具体信息结构体 cs_err err; //错误枚举 int i; size_t count; //成功反汇编行数 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(platforms) / sizeof(platforms[0]); i++) { printf("****************\n"); printf("Platform: %s\n", platforms[i].comment); err = cs_open(platforms[i].arch, platforms[i].mode, &handle); //错误检查 if (err) { printf("Failed on cs_open() with error returned: %u\n", err); abort(); } if (platforms[i].opt_type) cs_option(handle, platforms[i].opt_type, platforms[i].opt_value); // 打开SKIPDATA 模式 cs_option(handle, CS_OPT_SKIPDATA, CS_OPT_ON); cs_option(handle, platforms[i].opt_skipdata, platforms[i].skipdata); count = cs_disasm(handle, platforms[i].code, platforms[i].size, address, 0, &insn); if (count) { size_t j; print_string_hex(platforms[i].code, platforms[i].size); printf("Disasm:\n"); for (j = 0; j < count; j++) { //输出汇编 printf("0x%" PRIx64 ":\t%s\t\t%s\n", insn[j].address, insn[j].mnemonic, insn[j].op_str); } // 最后一行代码后打印偏移 printf("0x%" PRIx64 ":\n", insn[j - 1].address + insn[j - 1].size); // 释放cs_disasm()申请的内存 cs_free(insn, count); } else { printf("****************\n"); printf("Platform: %s\n", platforms[i].comment); print_string_hex(platforms[i].code, platforms[i].size); printf("ERROR: Failed to disasm given code!\n"); abort(); } printf("\n"); cs_close(&handle); } } int main() { test(); return 0; }
运行结果如下,默认的.byte数据类型被改为db描述符
cs_err CAPSTONE_API cs_open(cs_arch arch, cs_mode mode, csh *handle);
初始化cs句柄
arch: 架构类型 (CS_ARCH_*) mode: 硬件模式. CS_MODE_*在cs_mode数据类型中可查 handle: 指向句柄, 返回时更新 return: 创建成功返回CS_ERR_OK,否则返回cs_err枚举中对应的错误信息
cs_err CAPSTONE_API cs_open(cs_arch arch, cs_mode mode, csh *handle) { cs_err err; struct cs_struct *ud; if (!cs_mem_malloc || !cs_mem_calloc || !cs_mem_realloc || !cs_mem_free || !cs_vsnprintf) // Error: 使用cs_open()前, 必须使用cs_option(CS_OPT_MEM)进行动态内存管理的初始化 return CS_ERR_MEMSETUP; if (arch < CS_ARCH_MAX && cs_arch_init[arch]) { // 验证架构是否使用,方式:架构在枚举中且可初始化 if (mode & cs_arch_disallowed_mode_mask[arch]) { *handle = 0; return CS_ERR_MODE; } ud = cs_mem_calloc(1, sizeof(*ud)); if (!ud) { // 内存不足 return CS_ERR_MEM; } ud->errnum = CS_ERR_OK; ud->arch = arch; ud->mode = mode; // 默认情况指令不打开detail模式 ud->detail = CS_OPT_OFF; // 默认skipdata设置 ud->skipdata_setup.mnemonic = SKIPDATA_MNEM; err = cs_arch_init[ud->arch](ud); if (err) { cs_mem_free(ud); *handle = 0; return err; } *handle = (uintptr_t)ud; return CS_ERR_OK; } else { *handle = 0; return CS_ERR_ARCH; } }
其中,cs_struct结构体包含更多细节设定,如下
struct cs_struct { cs_arch arch; cs_mode mode; Printer_t printer; // 打印asm void *printer_info; // 打印信息 Disasm_t disasm; // 反编译 void *getinsn_info; // 打印辅助信息 GetName_t reg_name; GetName_t insn_name; GetName_t group_name; GetID_t insn_id; PostPrinter_t post_printer; cs_err errnum; ARM_ITStatus ITBlock; // ARM特殊选项 cs_opt_value detail, imm_unsigned; int syntax; //ARM, Mips & PPC等架构的基本asm语法打印 bool doing_mem; // 在InstPrinter代码中处理内存操作数 unsigned short *insn_cache; //为mapping.c建立缓存索引 GetRegisterName_t get_regname; bool skipdata; // 如果反编译时要跳过数据,该项设置为True uint8_t skipdata_size; //要跳过bytes的数量 cs_opt_skipdata skipdata_setup; // 自定义skipdata设置 const uint8_t *regsize_map; //映射register大小 (目前仅支持x86) GetRegisterAccess_t reg_access; struct insn_mnem *mnem_list; // 自定义指令助记符的链接list };
示例(创建一个x86_64类型的cs句柄)
cs_open(CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64, &handle)
cs_err CAPSTONE_API cs_close(csh *handle);
释放句柄
handle: 指向一个cs_open()打开的句柄 return: 释放成功返回CS_ERR_OK,否则返回cs_err枚举的错误信息
释放句柄实质为将句柄值设置为0
cs_err CAPSTONE_API cs_close(csh *handle) { struct cs_struct *ud; struct insn_mnem *next, *tmp; if (*handle == 0) // 句柄不可用 return CS_ERR_CSH; ud = (struct cs_struct *)(*handle); if (ud->printer_info) cs_mem_free(ud->printer_info); // 释放自定义助记符的链接list tmp = ud->mnem_list; while(tmp) { next = tmp->next; cs_mem_free(tmp); tmp = next; } cs_mem_free(ud->insn_cache); memset(ud, 0, sizeof(*ud)); cs_mem_free(ud); // handle值设置为0,保证这个句柄在cs_close()释放后不可使用 *handle = 0; return CS_ERR_OK; }
示例
cs_close(&handle);
cs_err CAPSTONE_API cs_option(csh handle, cs_opt_type type, size_t value);
反编译引擎的运行时选项
handle: cs_open()打开的句柄 type: 设置选项的类型 value: 与type对应的选项值 return: 设置成功返回CS_ERR_OK,否则返回cs_err枚举的错误信息
注意: 在CS_OPT_MEM的情况下,handle可以是任何值,因此cs_option(handle, CS_OPT_MEM, value)必须在cs_open()之前被调用
cs_err CAPSTONE_API cs_option(csh ud, cs_opt_type type, size_t value) { struct cs_struct *handle; cs_opt_mnem *opt; // 支持在所有API前支持 (even cs_open()) if (type == CS_OPT_MEM) { cs_opt_mem *mem = (cs_opt_mem *)value; cs_mem_malloc = mem->malloc; cs_mem_calloc = mem->calloc; cs_mem_realloc = mem->realloc; cs_mem_free = mem->free; cs_vsnprintf = mem->vsnprintf; return CS_ERR_OK; } handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud; if (!handle) return CS_ERR_CSH; switch(type) { default: break; case CS_OPT_UNSIGNED: handle->imm_unsigned = (cs_opt_value)value; return CS_ERR_OK; case CS_OPT_DETAIL: handle->detail = (cs_opt_value)value; return CS_ERR_OK; case CS_OPT_SKIPDATA: handle->skipdata = (value == CS_OPT_ON); if (handle->skipdata) { if (handle->skipdata_size == 0) { handle->skipdata_size = skipdata_size(handle); } } return CS_ERR_OK; case CS_OPT_SKIPDATA_SETUP: if (value) handle->skipdata_setup = *((cs_opt_skipdata *)value); return CS_ERR_OK; case CS_OPT_MNEMONIC: opt = (cs_opt_mnem *)value; if (opt->id) { if (opt->mnemonic) { struct insn_mnem *tmp; // 添加新指令或替换现有指令 // 查看当前insn释放在list中 tmp = handle->mnem_list; while(tmp) { if (tmp->insn.id == opt->id) { // f找到指令,替换助记符 (void)strncpy(tmp->insn.mnemonic, opt->mnemonic, sizeof(tmp->insn.mnemonic) - 1); tmp->insn.mnemonic[sizeof(tmp->insn.mnemonic) - 1] = '\0'; break; } tmp = tmp->next; } // 2. 如果没有就添加这条指令 if (!tmp) { tmp = cs_mem_malloc(sizeof(*tmp)); tmp->insn.id = opt->id; (void)strncpy(tmp->insn.mnemonic, opt->mnemonic, sizeof(tmp->insn.mnemonic) - 1); tmp->insn.mnemonic[sizeof(tmp->insn.mnemonic) - 1] = '\0'; // 新指令放在list最前面 tmp->next = handle->mnem_list; handle->mnem_list = tmp; } return CS_ERR_OK; } else { struct insn_mnem *prev, *tmp; tmp = handle->mnem_list; prev = tmp; while(tmp) { if (tmp->insn.id == opt->id) { // 删除指令 if (tmp == prev) { handle->mnem_list = tmp->next; } else { prev->next = tmp->next; } cs_mem_free(tmp); break; } prev = tmp; tmp = tmp->next; } } } return CS_ERR_OK; case CS_OPT_MODE: // 验证所请求的模式是否有效 if (value & cs_arch_disallowed_mode_mask[handle->arch]) { return CS_ERR_OPTION; } break; } return cs_arch_option[handle->arch](handle, type, value); }
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include "capstone.h" #include "platform.h" using namespace std; #define CODE "\x55\x48\x8b\x05\xb8\x13\x00\x00" int main(void) { csh handle; cs_insn* insn; size_t count; if (cs_open(CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64, &handle)) { printf("ERROR: Failed to initialize engine!\n"); return -1; } cs_option(handle, CS_OPT_SYNTAX, CS_OPT_SYNTAX_ATT); // 以AT&T语法显示 count = cs_disasm(handle, (unsigned char*)CODE, sizeof(CODE) - 1, 0x1000, 0, &insn); if (count) { size_t j; for (j = 0; j < count; j++) { printf("0x%""Ix"":\t%s\t\t%s\n", insn[j].address, insn[j].mnemonic, insn[j].op_str); } cs_free(insn, count); } else printf("ERROR: Failed to disassemble given code!\n"); cs_close(&handle); return 0; }
输出
cs_err CAPSTONE_API cs_errno(csh handle);
API出错时返回错误消息
handle: cs_open()打开的句柄 return: 无错误返回CS_ERR_OK,否则返回cs_err枚举的错误信息
判断到句柄不存在直接返回CS_ERR_CSH
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include "capstone.h" #include "platform.h" using namespace std; #define CODE "\x55\x48\x8b\x05\xb8\x13\x00\x00" int main(void) { csh handle = 0; cs_insn* insn; size_t count; if (cs_open(CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64, &handle)) { printf("ERROR: Failed to initialize engine!\n"); return -1; } cs_close(&handle); std::cout << cs_errno(handle); //关闭句柄后检查将报错 return 0; }
输出,错误码4即CS_ERR_CSH
const char * CAPSTONE_API cs_strerror(cs_err code);
将上个API输出的错误码转换为详细错误信息
const char * CAPSTONE_API cs_strerror(cs_err code) { switch(code) { default: return "Unknown error code"; case CS_ERR_OK: return "OK (CS_ERR_OK)"; case CS_ERR_MEM: return "Out of memory (CS_ERR_MEM)"; case CS_ERR_ARCH: return "Invalid/unsupported architecture(CS_ERR_ARCH)"; case CS_ERR_HANDLE: return "Invalid handle (CS_ERR_HANDLE)"; case CS_ERR_CSH: return "Invalid csh (CS_ERR_CSH)"; case CS_ERR_MODE: return "Invalid mode (CS_ERR_MODE)"; case CS_ERR_OPTION: return "Invalid option (CS_ERR_OPTION)"; case CS_ERR_DETAIL: return "Details are unavailable (CS_ERR_DETAIL)"; case CS_ERR_MEMSETUP: return "Dynamic memory management uninitialized (CS_ERR_MEMSETUP)"; case CS_ERR_VERSION: return "Different API version between core & binding (CS_ERR_VERSION)"; case CS_ERR_DIET: return "Information irrelevant in diet engine (CS_ERR_DIET)"; case CS_ERR_SKIPDATA: return "Information irrelevant for 'data' instruction in SKIPDATA mode (CS_ERR_SKIPDATA)"; case CS_ERR_X86_ATT: return "AT&T syntax is unavailable (CS_ERR_X86_ATT)"; case CS_ERR_X86_INTEL: return "INTEL syntax is unavailable (CS_ERR_X86_INTEL)"; case CS_ERR_X86_MASM: return "MASM syntax is unavailable (CS_ERR_X86_MASM)"; } }
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include "capstone.h" #include "platform.h" using namespace std; #define CODE "\x55\x48\x8b\x05\xb8\x13\x00\x00" int main(void) { csh handle = 0; cs_insn* insn; size_t count; if (cs_open(CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64, &handle)) { printf("ERROR: Failed to initialize engine!\n"); return -1; } cs_close(&handle); std::cout << cs_strerror(cs_errno(handle)); //直接输出报错信息 return 0; }
输出
size_t CAPSTONE_API cs_disasm(csh handle, const uint8_t *code, size_t code_size, uint64_t address, size_t count, cs_insn **insn);
给定缓冲区、大小、地址和编号,反编译机器码
API动态地分配内存来包含分解的指令,生成的指令将放在*insn中
注意: 必须释放分配的内存,以避免内存泄漏。对于需要动态分配稀缺内存的系统(如OS内核或固件),API cs_disasm_iter()可能是比cs_disasm()更好的选择。原因是,使用cs_disasm()时,基于有限的可用内存,必须预先计算要分解多少条指令。
handle: cs_open()返回的句柄 code: 包含要反汇编的机器码的缓冲区。 code_size:上面代码缓冲区的大小。 address:给定原始代码缓冲区中的第一条指令的地址。 insn: 由这个API填写的指令数组。注意: insn将由这个函数分配,应该用cs_free () API释放 count: 需要分解的指令数量,或输入0分解所有指令 return:成功反汇编指令的数量,如果该函数未能反汇编给定的代码,则为0,失败时,调用cs_errno()获取错误代码。
size_t CAPSTONE_API cs_disasm(csh ud, const uint8_t *buffer, size_t size, uint64_t offset, size_t count, cs_insn **insn) { struct cs_struct *handle; MCInst mci; uint16_t insn_size; size_t c = 0, i; unsigned int f = 0; // 缓存中下一条指令的索引 cs_insn *insn_cache; // 缓存反汇编后的指令 void *total = NULL; size_t total_size = 0; //所有insn的输出缓冲区的总大小 bool r; void *tmp; size_t skipdata_bytes; uint64_t offset_org; // 保存缓冲区的所有原始信息 size_t size_org; const uint8_t *buffer_org; unsigned int cache_size = INSN_CACHE_SIZE; size_t next_offset; handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud; if (!handle) { // 修复方式: // handle->errnum = CS_ERR_HANDLE; return 0; } handle->errnum = CS_ERR_OK; // 重设ARM架构的IT block if (handle->arch == CS_ARCH_ARM) handle->ITBlock.size = 0; #ifdef CAPSTONE_USE_SYS_DYN_MEM if (count > 0 && count <= INSN_CACHE_SIZE) cache_size = (unsigned int) count; #endif // 保存SKIPDATA原始偏移量 buffer_org = buffer; offset_org = offset; size_org = size; total_size = sizeof(cs_insn) * cache_size; total = cs_mem_malloc(total_size); if (total == NULL) { // 内存不足 handle->errnum = CS_ERR_MEM; return 0; } insn_cache = total; while (size > 0) { MCInst_Init(&mci); mci.csh = handle; mci.address = offset; if (handle->detail) { //给detail指针分配内存 insn_cache->detail = cs_mem_malloc(sizeof(cs_detail)); } else { insn_cache->detail = NULL; } // 为non-detailed模式保存所有信息 mci.flat_insn = insn_cache; mci.flat_insn->address = offset; #ifdef CAPSTONE_DIET //mnemonic & op_str0填充 mci.flat_insn->mnemonic[0] = '\0'; mci.flat_insn->op_str[0] = '\0'; #endif r = handle->disasm(ud, buffer, size, &mci, &insn_size, offset, handle->getinsn_info); if (r) { SStream ss; SStream_Init(&ss); mci.flat_insn->size = insn_size; //将内部指令操作码映射到公共insn ID handle->insn_id(handle, insn_cache, mci.Opcode); handle->printer(&mci, &ss, handle->printer_info); fill_insn(handle, insn_cache, ss.buffer, &mci, handle->post_printer, buffer); // 调整opcode (X86) if (handle->arch == CS_ARCH_X86) insn_cache->id += mci.popcode_adjust; next_offset = insn_size; } else { // 遇到中断指令 // 为detail指针释放内存 if (handle->detail) { cs_mem_free(insn_cache->detail); } if (!handle->skipdata || handle->skipdata_size > size) break; if (handle->skipdata_setup.callback) { skipdata_bytes = handle->skipdata_setup.callback(buffer_org, size_org, (size_t)(offset - offset_org), handle->skipdata_setup.user_data); if (skipdata_bytes > size) break; if (!skipdata_bytes) break; } else skipdata_bytes = handle->skipdata_size; insn_cache->id = 0; insn_cache->address = offset; insn_cache->size = (uint16_t)skipdata_bytes; memcpy(insn_cache->bytes, buffer, skipdata_bytes); #ifdef CAPSTONE_DIET insn_cache->mnemonic[0] = '\0'; insn_cache->op_str[0] = '\0'; #else strncpy(insn_cache->mnemonic, handle->skipdata_setup.mnemonic, sizeof(insn_cache->mnemonic) - 1); skipdata_opstr(insn_cache->op_str, buffer, skipdata_bytes); #endif insn_cache->detail = NULL; next_offset = skipdata_bytes; } // 一条新指令进入缓存 f++; // 反汇编了一条指令 c++; if (count > 0 && c == count) break; if (f == cache_size) { cache_size = cache_size * 8 / 5; total_size += (sizeof(cs_insn) * cache_size); tmp = cs_mem_realloc(total, total_size); if (tmp == NULL) { //内存不足 if (handle->detail) { insn_cache = (cs_insn *)total; for (i = 0; i < c; i++, insn_cache++) cs_mem_free(insn_cache->detail); } cs_mem_free(total); *insn = NULL; handle->errnum = CS_ERR_MEM; return 0; } total = tmp; //在最后一条指令之后继续填充缓存 insn_cache = (cs_insn *)((char *)total + sizeof(cs_insn) * c); // 将f重置为0,从一开始就填入缓存 f = 0; } else insn_cache++; buffer += next_offset; size -= next_offset; offset += next_offset; } if (!c) { //未反汇编任何指令 cs_mem_free(total); total = NULL; } else if (f != cache_size) { // 没有完全使用最后一个缓存,缩小大小 tmp = cs_mem_realloc(total, total_size - (cache_size - f) * sizeof(*insn_cache)); if (tmp == NULL) { // 内存不足 // 释放所有detail指针 if (handle->detail) { insn_cache = (cs_insn *)total; for (i = 0; i < c; i++, insn_cache++) cs_mem_free(insn_cache->detail); } cs_mem_free(total); *insn = NULL; handle->errnum = CS_ERR_MEM; return 0; } total = tmp; } *insn = total; return c; }
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include "capstone.h" #include "platform.h" using namespace std; #define CODE "\x55\x48\x8b\x05\xb8\x13\x00\x00\xe9\xea\xbe\xad\xde\xff\x25\x23\x01\x00\x00\xe8\xdf\xbe\xad\xde\x74\xff" int main(void) { csh handle = 0; cs_insn* insn; size_t count; if (cs_open(CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64, &handle)) { printf("ERROR: Failed to initialize engine!\n"); return -1; } count = cs_disasm(handle, (unsigned char*)CODE, sizeof(CODE) - 1, 0x1000, 0, &insn); //所有指令,基址0x1000,放入insn if (count) { size_t j; for (j = 0; j < count; j++) { printf("0x%""Ix"":\t%s\t\t%s\n", insn[j].address, insn[j].mnemonic, insn[j].op_str); } cs_free(insn, count); } else printf("ERROR: Failed to disassemble given code!\n"); cs_close(&handle); return 0; }
输出
void CAPSTONE_API cs_free(cs_insn *insn, size_t count);
释放被 cs_malloc() 或 cs_disasm() 分配的内存(insn参数)
insn: 由cs_disasm()或cs_malloc()中的@insn参数返回的指针 count: 赋值由cs_disasm()返回的cs_insn结构的数量,或赋值为1表示由cs_malloc()分配给空闲内存的数量
void CAPSTONE_API cs_free(cs_insn *insn, size_t count) { size_t i; // free 所有 detail 指针 for (i = 0; i < count; i++) cs_mem_free(insn[i].detail); cs_mem_free(insn); }
直接调用cs_mem_free,也就是默认的free
count = cs_disasm(handle, (unsigned char*)CODE, sizeof(CODE) - 1, 0x1000, 0, &insn); //计数由cs_disasm申请的内存 if (count) { size_t j; for (j = 0; j < count; j++) { printf("0x%""Ix"":\t%s\t\t%s\n", insn[j].address, insn[j].mnemonic, insn[j].op_str); } cs_free(insn, count); //循环依次释放每条insn的内存 }
cs_insn * CAPSTONE_API cs_malloc(csh handle);
被用于在API cs_disasm_iter()中为一条指令分配内存
handle: cs_open()返回的句柄
cs_insn * CAPSTONE_API cs_malloc(csh ud) { cs_insn *insn; struct cs_struct *handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud; insn = cs_mem_malloc(sizeof(cs_insn)); if (!insn) { // insufficient memory handle->errnum = CS_ERR_MEM; return NULL; } else { if (handle->detail) { // allocate memory for @detail pointer insn->detail = cs_mem_malloc(sizeof(cs_detail)); if (insn->detail == NULL) { // insufficient memory cs_mem_free(insn); handle->errnum = CS_ERR_MEM; return NULL; } } else insn->detail = NULL; } return insn; }
当这条指令所占的内存不再使用时,使用cs_free(insn, 1)释放,示例在下面cs_disasm_iter处
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_disasm_iter(csh handle, const uint8_t **code, size_t *size, uint64_t *address, cs_insn *insn);
给定buff、大小、地址和要解码的指令数,更快速的反汇编机器码, 这个API将生成的指令放入insn中的给定的缓存中。
注意1: 此API将更新code、size和address以指向输入缓冲区中的下一条指令。所以,虽然每次反汇编一条指令可以使用cs_disasm(count=1)来实现,但一些基准测试显示,在循环中使用cs_disasm_iter()可以方便地快速迭代所有指令,在随机输入时可以快30%。
注意2:可以使用cs_malloc()创建insn中的缓存。
注意3:对于动态分配内存可能产生内存不足的系统(比如OS内核或固件),建议使用cs_disasm()这个API, 因为cs_disasm()是根据要分解的指令的数量来分配内存。
handle: cs_open()返回的句柄 code: 要反汇编的机器码所在的缓冲区 size: 机器码缓冲区的大小 address: 所给机器码缓冲区中第一个insn的地址 insn: 指向这个API要填充的指令的指针。 return:如果这个API成功反汇编了一条指令返回true,否则将返回false。
失败时,调用cs_errno()获取错误代码。
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_disasm_iter(csh ud, const uint8_t **code, size_t *size, uint64_t *address, cs_insn *insn) { struct cs_struct *handle; uint16_t insn_size; MCInst mci; bool r; handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud; if (!handle) { return false; } handle->errnum = CS_ERR_OK; MCInst_Init(&mci); mci.csh = handle; mci.address = *address; // 为无detail模式保存相关信息 mci.flat_insn = insn; mci.flat_insn->address = *address; #ifdef CAPSTONE_DIET mci.flat_insn->mnemonic[0] = '\0'; mci.flat_insn->op_str[0] = '\0'; #endif r = handle->disasm(ud, *code, *size, &mci, &insn_size, *address, handle->getinsn_info); if (r) { SStream ss; SStream_Init(&ss); mci.flat_insn->size = insn_size; // 将内部指令操作码映射到公共insn ID handle->insn_id(handle, insn, mci.Opcode); handle->printer(&mci, &ss, handle->printer_info); fill_insn(handle, insn, ss.buffer, &mci, handle->post_printer, *code); // 调整伪操作码(X86) if (handle->arch == CS_ARCH_X86) insn->id += mci.popcode_adjust; *code += insn_size; *size -= insn_size; *address += insn_size; } else { // 遇到中断指令 size_t skipdata_bytes; // 如果没有跳过数据的请求,或者剩余数据太小,则退出 if (!handle->skipdata || handle->skipdata_size > *size) return false; if (handle->skipdata_setup.callback) { skipdata_bytes = handle->skipdata_setup.callback(*code, *size, 0, handle->skipdata_setup.user_data); if (skipdata_bytes > *size) // 剩余数据太小 return false; if (!skipdata_bytes) return false; } else skipdata_bytes = handle->skipdata_size; // 基于架构和模式跳过一些数据 insn->id = 0; // 此“数据”指令的ID无效 insn->address = *address; insn->size = (uint16_t)skipdata_bytes; #ifdef CAPSTONE_DIET insn->mnemonic[0] = '\0'; insn->op_str[0] = '\0'; #else memcpy(insn->bytes, *code, skipdata_bytes); strncpy(insn->mnemonic, handle->skipdata_setup.mnemonic, sizeof(insn->mnemonic) - 1); skipdata_opstr(insn->op_str, *code, skipdata_bytes); #endif *code += skipdata_bytes; *size -= skipdata_bytes; *address += skipdata_bytes; } return true; }
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include "capstone.h" #include "platform.h" using namespace std; struct platform { cs_arch arch; cs_mode mode; unsigned char* code; size_t size; const char* comment; cs_opt_type opt_type; cs_opt_value opt_value; }; static void print_string_hex(unsigned char* str, size_t len) { unsigned char* c; printf("Code: "); for (c = str; c < str + len; c++) { printf("0x%02x ", *c & 0xff); } printf("\n"); } static void test() { #define X86_CODE16 "\x8d\x4c\x32\x08\x01\xd8\x81\xc6\x34\x12\x00\x00" #define X86_CODE32 "\x8d\x4c\x32\x08\x01\xd8\x81\xc6\x34\x12\x00\x00" #define X86_CODE64 "\x55\x48\x8b\x05\xb8\x13\x00\x00" struct platform platforms[4] = { //架构及模式 { CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_16, (unsigned char*)X86_CODE16, sizeof(X86_CODE32) - 1, "X86 16bit (Intel syntax)" }, { CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_32, (unsigned char*)X86_CODE32, sizeof(X86_CODE32) - 1, "X86 32bit (ATT syntax)", CS_OPT_SYNTAX, CS_OPT_SYNTAX_ATT, }, { CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_32, (unsigned char*)X86_CODE32, sizeof(X86_CODE32) - 1, "X86 32 (Intel syntax)" }, { CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64, (unsigned char*)X86_CODE64, sizeof(X86_CODE64) - 1, "X86 64 (Intel syntax)" }, csh handle; uint64_t address; cs_insn* insn; cs_detail* detail; int i; cs_err err; const uint8_t* code; size_t size; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(platforms) / sizeof(platforms[0]); i++) { printf("****************\n"); printf("Platform: %s\n", platforms[i].comment); err = cs_open(platforms[i].arch, platforms[i].mode, &handle); if (err) { printf("Failed on cs_open() with error returned: %u\n", err); abort(); } if (platforms[i].opt_type) cs_option(handle, platforms[i].opt_type, platforms[i].opt_value); cs_option(handle, CS_OPT_DETAIL, CS_OPT_ON); // 为cs_disasm_iter()分配内存 insn = cs_malloc(handle); print_string_hex(platforms[i].code, platforms[i].size); //原机器码 printf("Disasm:\n"); address = 0x1000; code = platforms[i].code; size = platforms[i].size; while (cs_disasm_iter(handle, &code, &size, &address, insn)) { //cs_disasm_iter反汇编 int n; printf("0x%" PRIx64 ":\t%s\t\t%s // insn-ID: %u, insn-mnem: %s\n", insn->address, insn->mnemonic, insn->op_str, insn->id, cs_insn_name(handle, insn->id)); // 打印此指令使用的隐式寄存器 detail = insn->detail; if (detail->regs_read_count > 0) { printf("\tImplicit registers read: "); for (n = 0; n < detail->regs_read_count; n++) { printf("%s ", cs_reg_name(handle, detail->regs_read[n])); } printf("\n"); } // 打印此指令修改的隐式寄存器 if (detail->regs_write_count > 0) { printf("\tImplicit registers modified: "); for (n = 0; n < detail->regs_write_count; n++) { printf("%s ", cs_reg_name(handle, detail->regs_write[n])); } printf("\n"); } // 打印此指令所属指令集 if (detail->groups_count > 0) { printf("\tThis instruction belongs to groups: "); for (n = 0; n < detail->groups_count; n++) { printf("%s ", cs_group_name(handle, detail->groups[n])); } printf("\n"); } } printf("\n"); // 释放cs_malloc()分配的内存 cs_free(insn, 1); cs_close(&handle); } } int main() { test(); return 0; }
输出
const char * CAPSTONE_API cs_reg_name(csh handle, unsigned int reg_id);
获取寄存器的名字(string类型) 寄存器id可在相关架构的头文件(建立项目时复制到项目文件夹的那些头文件)内找到
注意: 当处于diet模式时此API不可用,因为引擎不会存储寄存器名
handle: cs_open()返回的句柄 reg_id: 寄存器id return: 寄存器的字符名, 如果reg_id不可用返回NULL
const char * CAPSTONE_API cs_reg_name(csh ud, unsigned int reg) { struct cs_struct *handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud; if (!handle || handle->reg_name == NULL) { return NULL; } return handle->reg_name(ud, reg); }
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include "capstone.h" #include "platform.h" using namespace std; int main(void) { csh handle = 0; cs_insn* insn; size_t count; if (cs_open(CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64, &handle)) { printf("ERROR: Failed to initialize engine!\n"); return -1; } printf("%s", cs_reg_name(handle, X86_REG_RAX)); cs_close(&handle); return 0; }
输出
const char * CAPSTONE_API cs_insn_name(csh handle, unsigned int insn_id);
获取指令的名字(string类型)
指令id可在相关架构的头文件(建立项目时复制到项目文件夹的那些头文件)内找到
注意: 当处于diet模式时此API不可用,因为引擎不会存储寄存器名
handle: cs_open()返回的句柄 insn_id: 指令id return: 指令的字符名, 如果insn_id不可用返回NULL
const char * CAPSTONE_API cs_insn_name(csh ud, unsigned int insn) { struct cs_struct *handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud; if (!handle || handle->insn_name == NULL) { return NULL; } return handle->insn_name(ud, insn); }
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include "capstone.h" #include "platform.h" using namespace std; struct platform { cs_arch arch; cs_mode mode; unsigned char* code; size_t size; const char* comment; cs_opt_type opt_type; cs_opt_value opt_value; }; static void print_string_hex(unsigned char* str, size_t len) { unsigned char* c; printf("Code: "); for (c = str; c < str + len; c++) { printf("0x%02x ", *c & 0xff); } printf("\n"); } static void test() { #define X86_CODE64 "\x55\x48\x8b\x05\xb8\x13\x00\x00\xe9\xea\xbe\xad\xde\xff\x25\x23\x01\x00\x00\xe8\xdf\xbe\xad\xde\x74\xff" struct platform platforms[] = { { CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64, (unsigned char*)X86_CODE64, sizeof(X86_CODE64) - 1, "X86 64 (Intel syntax)" }, }; csh handle; uint64_t address; cs_insn* insn; cs_detail* detail; int i; cs_err err; const uint8_t* code; size_t size; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(platforms) / sizeof(platforms[0]); i++) { printf("****************\n"); printf("Platform: %s\n", platforms[i].comment); err = cs_open(platforms[i].arch, platforms[i].mode, &handle); if (err) { printf("Failed on cs_open() with error returned: %u\n", err); abort(); } if (platforms[i].opt_type) cs_option(handle, platforms[i].opt_type, platforms[i].opt_value); cs_option(handle, CS_OPT_DETAIL, CS_OPT_ON); insn = cs_malloc(handle); print_string_hex(platforms[i].code, platforms[i].size); printf("Disasm:\n"); address = 0x1000; code = platforms[i].code; size = platforms[i].size; while (cs_disasm_iter(handle, &code, &size, &address, insn)) { int n; printf("0x%" PRIx64 ":\t%s\t\t%s", insn->address, insn->mnemonic, insn->op_str); printf(" instruction: %s", cs_insn_name(handle, insn->id)); //输出该行的操作指令 cout << endl; printf("\n"); cs_free(insn, 1); cs_close(&handle); } } int main() { test(); return 0; }
输出
const char * CAPSTONE_API cs_group_name(csh handle, unsigned int group_id);
输出指令类型名字
指令id可在相关架构的头文件(建立项目时复制到项目文件夹的那些头文件)内找到
注意: 当处于diet模式时此API不可用,因为引擎不会存储寄存器名
handle: cs_open()返回的句柄 insn_id: 指令类型id return: 指令类型的字符名, 如果insn_id不可用返回NULL
示例都与上面类似,略。
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_insn_group(csh handle, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int group_id);
检查反汇编后的指令是否属于某个特定指令类型
注意:只有当detail选项为ON时这个API可用 (默认OFF).
在“diet”模式下,此API没有用,因为引擎不更新insn->groups数组
handle: cs_open()返回的句柄 insn: 从cs_disasm()或cs_disasm_iter()接收的反汇编指令结构 group_id: 要检查此指令是否属于的指令类型。 return: 如果该指令确实属于给定的指令类型,则为true,否则为false。
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_insn_group(csh ud, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int group_id) { struct cs_struct *handle; if (!ud) return false; handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud; if (!handle->detail) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL; return false; } if (!insn->id) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_SKIPDATA; return false; } if (!insn->detail) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL; return false; } return arr_exist8(insn->detail->groups, insn->detail->groups_count, group_id); }
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include "capstone.h" #include "platform.h" using namespace std; struct platform { cs_arch arch; cs_mode mode; unsigned char* code; size_t size; const char* comment; cs_opt_type opt_type; cs_opt_value opt_value; }; static void print_string_hex(unsigned char* str, size_t len) { unsigned char* c; printf("Code: "); for (c = str; c < str + len; c++) { printf("0x%02x ", *c & 0xff); } printf("\n"); } static void test() { #define X86_CODE64 "\x55\x48\x8b\x05\xb8\x13\x00\x00\xe9\xea\xbe\xad\xde\xff\x25\x23\x01\x00\x00\xe8\xdf\xbe\xad\xde\x74\xff" struct platform platforms[] = { { CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64, (unsigned char*)X86_CODE64, sizeof(X86_CODE64) - 1, "X86 64 (Intel syntax)" }, }; csh handle; uint64_t address; cs_insn* insn; cs_detail* detail; int i; cs_err err; const uint8_t* code; size_t size; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(platforms) / sizeof(platforms[0]); i++) { printf("****************\n"); printf("Platform: %s\n", platforms[i].comment); err = cs_open(platforms[i].arch, platforms[i].mode, &handle); if (err) { printf("Failed on cs_open() with error returned: %u\n", err); abort(); } if (platforms[i].opt_type) cs_option(handle, platforms[i].opt_type, platforms[i].opt_value); cs_option(handle, CS_OPT_DETAIL, CS_OPT_ON); insn = cs_malloc(handle); print_string_hex(platforms[i].code, platforms[i].size); printf("Disasm:\n"); address = 0x1000; code = platforms[i].code; size = platforms[i].size; while (cs_disasm_iter(handle, &code, &size, &address, insn)) { int n; printf("0x%" PRIx64 ":\t%s\t\t%s ", insn->address, insn->mnemonic, insn->op_str); cout << "is JUMP: " <<cs_insn_group(handle, insn, CS_GRP_JUMP) << endl; //判断是否为跳转指令 cout << endl; printf("\n"); cs_free(insn, 1); cs_close(&handle); } } int main() { test(); return 0; }
输出
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_reg_read(csh handle, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int reg_id);
检查反汇编指令是否隐式使用特定寄存器。
注意:此API仅在启用detail选项时有效(默认为关闭)
在“diet”模式下,此API没有用,因为引擎不更新insn->regs_read数组
insn: 从cs_disasm()或cs_disasm_iter()接收的反汇编指令结构 reg_id: 标注想要检查的这个指令是否使用了它。 return: 如果该指令确实隐式使用了给定寄存器,则为true,否则为false。
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_reg_read(csh ud, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int reg_id) { struct cs_struct *handle; if (!ud) return false; handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud; if (!handle->detail) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL; return false; } if (!insn->id) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_SKIPDATA; return false; } if (!insn->detail) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL; return false; } return arr_exist(insn->detail->regs_read, insn->detail->regs_read_count, reg_id); }
示例同API cs_disasm_iter
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_reg_write(csh handle, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int reg_id);
检查反汇编指令是否隐式修改了特定寄存器。
注意:此API仅在启用detail选项时有效(默认为关闭)
在“diet”模式下,此API没有用,因为引擎不更新insn->regs_read数组
insn: 从cs_disasm()或cs_disasm_iter()接收的反汇编指令结构 reg_id: 标注想要检查的这个指令是否修改了它。 return: 如果该指令确实隐式修改了给定寄存器,则为true,否则为false。
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_reg_write(csh ud, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int reg_id) { struct cs_struct *handle; if (!ud) return false; handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud; if (!handle->detail) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL; return false; } if (!insn->id) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_SKIPDATA; return false; } if (!insn->detail) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL; return false; } return arr_exist(insn->detail->regs_write, insn->detail->regs_write_count, reg_id); }
示例同API cs_disasm_iter
int CAPSTONE_API cs_op_count(csh handle, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int op_type);
计算给定类型的操作数的数量
注意:只有当detail选项为ON时这个API可用 (默认OFF).
handle: cs_open()返回的句柄 insn: 从cs_disasm()或cs_disasm_iter()接收的反汇编指令结构 op_type: 要找到的操作数类型。 return: 指令insn中给定类型op_type的操作数的数量,返回-1表示查找失败。
int CAPSTONE_API cs_op_count(csh ud, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int op_type) { struct cs_struct *handle; unsigned int count = 0, i; if (!ud) return -1; handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud; if (!handle->detail) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL; return -1; } if (!insn->id) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_SKIPDATA; return -1; } if (!insn->detail) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL; return -1; } handle->errnum = CS_ERR_OK; switch (handle->arch) { default: handle->errnum = CS_ERR_HANDLE; return -1; case CS_ARCH_ARM: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->arm.op_count; i++) if (insn->detail->arm.operands[i].type == (arm_op_type)op_type) count++; break; case CS_ARCH_ARM64: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->arm64.op_count; i++) if (insn->detail->arm64.operands[i].type == (arm64_op_type)op_type) count++; break; case CS_ARCH_X86: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->x86.op_count; i++) if (insn->detail->x86.operands[i].type == (x86_op_type)op_type) count++; break; case CS_ARCH_MIPS: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->mips.op_count; i++) if (insn->detail->mips.operands[i].type == (mips_op_type)op_type) count++; break; case CS_ARCH_PPC: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->ppc.op_count; i++) if (insn->detail->ppc.operands[i].type == (ppc_op_type)op_type) count++; break; case CS_ARCH_SPARC: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->sparc.op_count; i++) if (insn->detail->sparc.operands[i].type == (sparc_op_type)op_type) count++; break; case CS_ARCH_SYSZ: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->sysz.op_count; i++) if (insn->detail->sysz.operands[i].type == (sysz_op_type)op_type) count++; break; case CS_ARCH_XCORE: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->xcore.op_count; i++) if (insn->detail->xcore.operands[i].type == (xcore_op_type)op_type) count++; break; case CS_ARCH_M68K: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->m68k.op_count; i++) if (insn->detail->m68k.operands[i].type == (m68k_op_type)op_type) count++; break; case CS_ARCH_TMS320C64X: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->tms320c64x.op_count; i++) if (insn->detail->tms320c64x.operands[i].type == (tms320c64x_op_type)op_type) count++; break; case CS_ARCH_M680X: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->m680x.op_count; i++) if (insn->detail->m680x.operands[i].type == (m680x_op_type)op_type) count++; break; case CS_ARCH_EVM: #if 0 for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->evm.op_count; i++) if (insn->detail->evm.operands[i].type == (evm_op_type)op_type) count++; #endif break; } return count; }
typedef enum x86_op_type { X86_OP_INVALID = 0, ///< = CS_OP_INVALID (未初始化). X86_OP_REG, ///< = CS_OP_REG (寄存操作码). X86_OP_IMM, ///< = CS_OP_IMM (立即操作码). X86_OP_MEM, ///< = CS_OP_MEM (内存操作码). } x86_op_type;
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include "capstone.h" #include "platform.h" using namespace std; struct platform { cs_arch arch; cs_mode mode; unsigned char* code; size_t size; const char* comment; cs_opt_type opt_type; cs_opt_value opt_value; }; static void print_string_hex(unsigned char* str, size_t len) { unsigned char* c; printf("Code: "); for (c = str; c < str + len; c++) { printf("0x%02x ", *c & 0xff); } printf("\n"); } static void test() { #define X86_CODE64 "\x55\x48\x8b\x05\xb8\x13\x00\x00\xe9\xea\xbe\xad\xde\xff\x25\x23\x01\x00\x00\xe8\xdf\xbe\xad\xde\x74\xff" struct platform platforms[] = { { CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64, (unsigned char*)X86_CODE64, sizeof(X86_CODE64) - 1, "X86 64 (Intel syntax)" }, }; csh handle; uint64_t address; cs_insn* insn; cs_detail* detail; int i; cs_err err; const uint8_t* code; size_t size; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(platforms) / sizeof(platforms[0]); i++) { printf("****************\n"); printf("Platform: %s\n", platforms[i].comment); err = cs_open(platforms[i].arch, platforms[i].mode, &handle); if (err) { printf("Failed on cs_open() with error returned: %u\n", err); abort(); } if (platforms[i].opt_type) cs_option(handle, platforms[i].opt_type, platforms[i].opt_value); cs_option(handle, CS_OPT_DETAIL, CS_OPT_ON); insn = cs_malloc(handle); print_string_hex(platforms[i].code, platforms[i].size); printf("Disasm:\n"); address = 0x1000; code = platforms[i].code; size = platforms[i].size; while (cs_disasm_iter(handle, &code, &size, &address, insn)) { int n; printf("0x%" PRIx64 ":\t%s\t\t%s ", insn->address, insn->mnemonic, insn->op_str); cout << "is REG: " << cs_op_count(handle, insn, X86_OP_REG) << endl; //判断是否为寄存操作码 cout << endl; printf("\n"); cs_free(insn, 1); cs_close(&handle); } } int main() { test(); return 0; }
输出
int CAPSTONE_API cs_op_index(csh handle, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int op_type, unsigned int position);
检索给定类型的操作数在<arch>.operands[]
数组中的位置, 使用返回的位置访问操作数
注意:只有当detail选项为ON时这个API可用 (默认OFF).
handle: cs_open()返回的句柄 insn: 从cs_disasm()或cs_disasm_iter()接收的反汇编指令结构 op_type: 要找到的操作数类型。 position: 要查找的操作数的位置。范围一定在`[1, cs_op_count(handle, insn, op_type)]`内 return: 指令insn的`<arch>.operands[]`数组中给定类型op_type的操作数的索引,失败时返回-1。
int CAPSTONE_API cs_op_index(csh ud, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int op_type, unsigned int post) { struct cs_struct *handle; unsigned int count = 0, i; if (!ud) return -1; handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud; if (!handle->detail) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL; return -1; } if (!insn->id) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_SKIPDATA; return -1; } if (!insn->detail) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL; return -1; } handle->errnum = CS_ERR_OK; switch (handle->arch) { default: handle->errnum = CS_ERR_HANDLE; return -1; case CS_ARCH_ARM: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->arm.op_count; i++) { if (insn->detail->arm.operands[i].type == (arm_op_type)op_type) count++; if (count == post) return i; } break; case CS_ARCH_ARM64: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->arm64.op_count; i++) { if (insn->detail->arm64.operands[i].type == (arm64_op_type)op_type) count++; if (count == post) return i; } break; case CS_ARCH_X86: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->x86.op_count; i++) { if (insn->detail->x86.operands[i].type == (x86_op_type)op_type) count++; if (count == post) return i; } break; case CS_ARCH_MIPS: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->mips.op_count; i++) { if (insn->detail->mips.operands[i].type == (mips_op_type)op_type) count++; if (count == post) return i; } break; case CS_ARCH_PPC: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->ppc.op_count; i++) { if (insn->detail->ppc.operands[i].type == (ppc_op_type)op_type) count++; if (count == post) return i; } break; case CS_ARCH_SPARC: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->sparc.op_count; i++) { if (insn->detail->sparc.operands[i].type == (sparc_op_type)op_type) count++; if (count == post) return i; } break; case CS_ARCH_SYSZ: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->sysz.op_count; i++) { if (insn->detail->sysz.operands[i].type == (sysz_op_type)op_type) count++; if (count == post) return i; } break; case CS_ARCH_XCORE: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->xcore.op_count; i++) { if (insn->detail->xcore.operands[i].type == (xcore_op_type)op_type) count++; if (count == post) return i; } break; case CS_ARCH_M68K: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->m68k.op_count; i++) { if (insn->detail->m68k.operands[i].type == (m68k_op_type)op_type) count++; if (count == post) return i; } break; case CS_ARCH_TMS320C64X: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->tms320c64x.op_count; i++) { if (insn->detail->tms320c64x.operands[i].type == (tms320c64x_op_type)op_type) count++; if (count == post) return i; } break; case CS_ARCH_M680X: for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->m680x.op_count; i++) { if (insn->detail->m680x.operands[i].type == (m680x_op_type)op_type) count++; if (count == post) return i; } break; } return -1; }
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include "capstone.h" #include "platform.h" using namespace std; struct platform { cs_arch arch; cs_mode mode; unsigned char* code; size_t size; const char* comment; cs_opt_type opt_type; cs_opt_value opt_value; }; static void print_string_hex(unsigned char* str, size_t len) { unsigned char* c; printf("Code: "); for (c = str; c < str + len; c++) { printf("0x%02x ", *c & 0xff); } printf("\n"); } static void test() { #define X86_CODE64 "\x55\x48\x8b\x05\xb8\x13\x00\x00\xe9\xea\xbe\xad\xde\xff\x25\x23\x01\x00\x00\xe8\xdf\xbe\xad\xde\x74\xff" struct platform platforms[] = { { CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64, (unsigned char*)X86_CODE64, sizeof(X86_CODE64) - 1, "X86 64 (Intel syntax)" }, }; csh handle; uint64_t address; cs_insn* insn; cs_detail* detail; int i; cs_err err; const uint8_t* code; size_t size; cs_x86* x86; int count; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(platforms) / sizeof(platforms[0]); i++) { printf("****************\n"); printf("Platform: %s\n", platforms[i].comment); err = cs_open(platforms[i].arch, platforms[i].mode, &handle); if (err) { printf("Failed on cs_open() with error returned: %u\n", err); abort(); } if (platforms[i].opt_type) cs_option(handle, platforms[i].opt_type, platforms[i].opt_value); cs_option(handle, CS_OPT_DETAIL, CS_OPT_ON); insn = cs_malloc(handle); x86 = &(insn->detail->x86); print_string_hex(platforms[i].code, platforms[i].size); printf("Disasm:\n"); address = 0x1000; code = platforms[i].code; size = platforms[i].size; while (cs_disasm_iter(handle, &code, &size, &address, insn)) { int n; printf("0x%" PRIx64 ":\t%s\t\t%s ", insn->address, insn->mnemonic, insn->op_str); cout << endl; count = cs_op_count(handle, insn, X86_OP_IMM); //查找立即数 if (count) { printf("\timm_count: %u\n", count); for (i = 1; i < count + 1; i++) { int index = cs_op_index(handle, insn, X86_OP_IMM, i); printf("\timms[%u]: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", i, x86->operands[index].imm); if (x86->encoding.imm_offset != 0) { printf("\timm_offset: 0x%x\n", x86->encoding.imm_offset); } if (x86->encoding.imm_size != 0) { printf("\timm_size: 0x%x\n", x86->encoding.imm_size); } } } } printf("\n"); cs_free(insn, 1); cs_close(&handle); } } int main() { test(); return 0; }
输出
cs_err CAPSTONE_API cs_regs_access(csh handle, const cs_insn *insn, cs_regs regs_read, uint8_t *regs_read_count, cs_regs regs_write, uint8_t *regs_write_count);
检索由一条指令显式或隐式访问的所有寄存器
注意: 在“diet”模式下,此API不可用,因为引擎不存储寄存器
handle: cs_open()返回的句柄 insn: 从cs_disasm()或cs_disasm_iter()返回的反汇编指令结构 regs_read:返回时,这个数组包含所有按指令读取的寄存器。 regs_read_count:保存在regs_read数组中的寄存器数。 regs_write:返回时,这个数组包含所有由指令修改的寄存器。 regs_write_count:保存在regs_write数组中的寄存器数。 成功时返回CS_ERR_OK,失败时返回其他值(详细错误请参阅cs_err enum)。
cs_err CAPSTONE_API cs_regs_access(csh ud, const cs_insn *insn, cs_regs regs_read, uint8_t *regs_read_count, cs_regs regs_write, uint8_t *regs_write_count) { struct cs_struct *handle; if (!ud) return -1; handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud; #ifdef CAPSTONE_DIET // This API does not work in DIET mode handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DIET; return CS_ERR_DIET; #else if (!handle->detail) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL; return CS_ERR_DETAIL; } if (!insn->id) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_SKIPDATA; return CS_ERR_SKIPDATA; } if (!insn->detail) { handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL; return CS_ERR_DETAIL; } if (handle->reg_access) { handle->reg_access(insn, regs_read, regs_read_count, regs_write, regs_write_count); } else { // this arch is unsupported yet handle->errnum = CS_ERR_ARCH; return CS_ERR_ARCH; } return CS_ERR_OK; #endif }
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include "capstone.h" #include "platform.h" using namespace std; struct platform { cs_arch arch; cs_mode mode; unsigned char* code; size_t size; const char* comment; cs_opt_type opt_type; cs_opt_value opt_value; }; static void print_string_hex(unsigned char* str, size_t len) { unsigned char* c; printf("Code: "); for (c = str; c < str + len; c++) { printf("0x%02x ", *c & 0xff); } printf("\n"); } static void test() { #define X86_CODE64 "\x55\x48\x8b\x05\xb8\x13\x00\x00\xe9\xea\xbe\xad\xde\xff\x25\x23\x01\x00\x00\xe8\xdf\xbe\xad\xde\x74\xff" struct platform platforms[] = { { CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64, (unsigned char*)X86_CODE64, sizeof(X86_CODE64) - 1, "X86 64 (Intel syntax)" }, }; csh handle; uint64_t address; cs_insn* insn; cs_detail* detail; int i; cs_err err; const uint8_t* code; size_t size; cs_x86* x86; cs_regs regs_read, regs_write; uint8_t regs_read_count, regs_write_count; int count; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(platforms) / sizeof(platforms[0]); i++) { printf("****************\n"); printf("Platform: %s\n", platforms[i].comment); err = cs_open(platforms[i].arch, platforms[i].mode, &handle); if (err) { printf("Failed on cs_open() with error returned: %u\n", err); abort(); } if (platforms[i].opt_type) cs_option(handle, platforms[i].opt_type, platforms[i].opt_value); cs_option(handle, CS_OPT_DETAIL, CS_OPT_ON); insn = cs_malloc(handle); x86 = &(insn->detail->x86); print_string_hex(platforms[i].code, platforms[i].size); printf("Disasm:\n"); address = 0x1000; code = platforms[i].code; size = platforms[i].size; while (cs_disasm_iter(handle, &code, &size, &address, insn)) { int n; printf("0x%" PRIx64 ":\t%s\t\t%s ", insn->address, insn->mnemonic, insn->op_str); cout << endl; if (!cs_regs_access(handle, insn, //每条指令所有读取和修改的寄存器 regs_read, ®s_read_count, regs_write, ®s_write_count)) { if (regs_read_count) { printf("\tRegisters read:"); for (i = 0; i < regs_read_count; i++) { printf(" %s", cs_reg_name(handle, regs_read[i])); } printf("\n"); } if (regs_write_count) { printf("\tRegisters modified:"); for (i = 0; i < regs_write_count; i++) { printf(" %s", cs_reg_name(handle, regs_write[i])); } printf("\n"); } } } printf("\n"); cs_free(insn, 1); cs_close(&handle); } } int main() { test(); return 0; }
输出