test/README.md

c-ares Unit Test Suite
======================

This directory holds unit tests for the c-ares library.  To build the tests:

 - Build the main c-ares library first, in the directory above this.  To
   enable tests of internal functions, configure the library build to expose
   hidden symbols with `./configure --disable-symbol-hiding`.
 - Generate a `configure` file by running `autoreconf -iv` (which requires
   a local installation of
   [autotools](https://www.gnu.org/software/automake/manual/html_node/Autotools-Introduction.html)).
 - `./configure`
 - `make`
 - Run the tests with `./arestest`, or `./arestest -v` for extra debug info.

Points to note:

 - The tests are written in C++11, and so need a C++ compiler that supports
   this.  To avoid adding this as a requirement for the library, the
   configuration and build of the tests is independent from the library.
 - The tests include some live queries, which will fail when run on a machine
   without internet connectivity.  To skip live tests, run with
   `./arestest --gtest_filter=-*.Live*`.
 - The tests include queries of a mock DNS server.  This server listens on port
   5300 by default, but the port can be changed with the `-p 5300` option to
   `arestest`.


Test Types
----------

The test suite includes various different types of test.

 - There are live tests (`ares-test-live.cc`), which assume that the
   current machine has a valid DNS setup and connection to the
   internet; these tests issue queries for real domains but don't
   particularly check what gets returned.  The tests will fail on
   an offline machine.
 - There are some mock tests (`ares-test-mock.cc`) that set up a fake DNS
   server and inject its port into the c-ares library configuration.
   These tests allow specific response messages to be crafted and
   injected, and so are likely to be used for many more tests in
   future.
    - To make this generation/injection easier, the `dns-proto.h`
      file includes C++ helper classes for building DNS packets.
 - Other library entrypoints that don't require network activity
   (e.g. `ares_parse_*_reply`) are tested directly.
 - A couple of the tests use a helper method of the test fixture to
   inject memory allocation failures, using a recent change to the
   c-ares library that allows override of `malloc`/`free`.
 - There are some tests of the internal entrypoints of the library
   (`ares-test-internal.c`), but these are only enabled if the library
   was configured with `--disable-symbol-hiding` and/or
   `--enable-expose-statics`.
 - There is also an entrypoint to allow Clang's
   [libfuzzer](http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html) to drive
   the packet parsing code in `ares_parse_*_reply`, together with a
   standalone wrapper for it (`./aresfuzz`) to allow use of command
   line fuzzers (such as [afl-fuzz](http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/))
   for further [fuzz testing](#fuzzing).


Code Coverage Information
-------------------------

To generate code coverage information:

 - Configure both the library and the tests with `./configure
   --enable-code-coverage` before building. This requires the relevant code
   coverage tools ([gcov](https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov.html),
   [lcov](http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php)) to be installed locally.
 - Run the tests with `test/arestest`.
 - Generate code coverage output with `make code-coverage-capture` in the
   library directory (i.e. not in `test/`).


Fuzzing
-------

### libFuzzer

To fuzz the packet parsing code with libFuzzer, follow the main
[libFuzzer instructions](http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html):

 - Configure the c-ares library and test suite with a recent Clang and a sanitizer, for example:

   ```console
   % export CFLAGS="-fsanitize=fuzzer-no-link,address"
   % export CC=clang
   % ./configure --disable-shared && make
   ```
 - Link each of the fuzzer entrypoints in with `ares-fuzz.cc`:

   ```
   % clang -I.. -c ares-test-fuzz.c
   % clang -I.. -c ares-test-fuzz-name.c
   % clang++ -fsanitize=fuzzer,address ares-test-fuzz.o ../.libs/libcares.a -o ares-libfuzzer
   % clang++ -fsanitize=fuzzer,address ares-test-fuzz-name.o ../.libs/libcares.a -o ares-libfuzzer-name
   ```
 - Run the fuzzer using the starting corpus with:

   ```console
   % ./ares-libfuzzer fuzzinput/  # OR
   % ./ares-libfuzzer-name fuzznames/
   ```

### AFL

To fuzz using AFL, follow the
[AFL quick start guide](http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/QuickStartGuide.txt):

 - Download and build AFL.
 - Configure the c-ares library and test tool to use AFL's compiler wrappers:

   ```console
   % export CC=$AFLDIR/afl-gcc
   % ./configure --disable-shared && make
   % cd test && ./configure && make aresfuzz aresfuzzname
   ```

 - Run the AFL fuzzer against the starting corpus:

   ```console
   % mkdir fuzzoutput
   % $AFLDIR/afl-fuzz -i fuzzinput -o fuzzoutput -- ./aresfuzz  # OR
   % $AFLDIR/afl-fuzz -i fuzznames -o fuzzoutput -- ./aresfuzzname
   ```

### AFL Persistent Mode

If a recent version of Clang is available, AFL can use its built-in compiler
instrumentation; this configuration also allows the use of a (much) faster
persistent mode, where multiple fuzz inputs are run for each process invocation.

 - Download and build a recent AFL, and run `make` in the `llvm_mode`
   subdirectory to ensure that `afl-clang-fast` gets built.
 - Configure the c-ares library and test tool to use AFL's clang wrappers that
   use compiler instrumentation:

   ```console
   % export CC=$AFLDIR/afl-clang-fast
   % ./configure --disable-shared && make
   % cd test && ./configure && make aresfuzz
   ```

 - Run the AFL fuzzer (in persistent mode) against the starting corpus:

   ```console
   % mkdir fuzzoutput
   % $AFLDIR/afl-fuzz -i fuzzinput -o fuzzoutput -- ./aresfuzz
   ```