| .\" Copyright (c) 1991, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000 Free Software Foundation |
| .\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution |
| .TH objcopy 1 "05 April 2000" "Free Software Foundation" "GNU Development Tools" |
| .de BP |
| .sp |
| .ti \-.2i |
| \(** |
| .. |
| |
| .SH NAME |
| objcopy \- copy and translate object files |
| |
| .SH SYNOPSIS |
| .hy 0 |
| .na |
| .TP |
| .B objcopy |
| .RB "[\|" \-F\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-I\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-O\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-j\ \fIsectionname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-only\-section=\fIsectionname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-R\ \fIsectionname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-remove\-section=\fIsectionname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-S\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-all\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-g\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-strip\-unneeded\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-K\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-N\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-L\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-W\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-x\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-discard\-all\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-X\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-b\ \fIbyte\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-byte=\fIbyte\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-i\ \fIinterleave\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-interleave=\fIinterleave\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-p\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-debugging "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-gap\-fill=\fIval\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-pad\-to=\fIaddress\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-set\-start=\fIval\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-start=\fIincr\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-addresses=\fIincr\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-address\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-lma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-vma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-warnings\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-set\-section\-flags\ \fIsection=flags\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-add\-section\ \fIsectionname=filename\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-leading\-char\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-srec\-len=\fIval\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-srec\-forceS3\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-redefine\-sym\ \fIold=new\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-weaken\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-v\ |\ \-\-verbose\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-V\ |\ \-\-version\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-help\fR "\|]" |
| .B infile |
| .RB "[\|" outfile\fR "\|]" |
| .SH DESCRIPTION |
| The GNU |
| .B objcopy |
| utility copies the contents of an object file to another. |
| .B objcopy |
| uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can |
| write the destination object file in a format different from that of |
| the source object file. The exact behavior of |
| .B objcopy |
| is controlled by command-line options. |
| .PP |
| .B objcopy |
| creates temporary files to do its translations and deletes them |
| afterward. |
| .B objcopy |
| uses BFD to do all its translation work; it knows about all the |
| formats BFD knows about, and thus is able to recognize most formats |
| without being told explicitly. |
| .PP |
| .B objcopy |
| can be used to generate S-records by using an output target of |
| .B srec |
| (e.g., use |
| .B -O srec). |
| .PP |
| .B objcopy |
| can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an output target of |
| .B binary |
| (e.g., use |
| .B -O binary). |
| When |
| .B objcopy |
| generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce a memory dump |
| of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and relocation |
| information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at the |
| virtual address of the lowest section copied into the output file. |
| .PP |
| When generating an S-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to |
| use |
| .B -S |
| to remove sections containing debugging information. In some cases |
| .B -R |
| will be useful to remove sections which contain information which is |
| not needed by the binary file. |
| .PP |
| .I infile |
| and |
| .I outfile |
| are the source and output files respectively. If you do not specify |
| .IR outfile , |
| .B objcopy |
| creates a temporary file and destructively renames the result with the |
| name of the input file. |
| |
| .SH OPTIONS |
| .TP |
| .B \-I \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname |
| Consider the source file's object format to be |
| .IR bfdname , |
| rather than attempting to deduce it. |
| .TP |
| .B \-O \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname |
| Write the output file using the object format |
| .IR bfdname . |
| .TP |
| .B \-F \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-target=\fIbfdname |
| Use |
| .I bfdname |
| as the object format for both the input and the output file; i.e. |
| simply transfer data from source to destination with no translation. |
| .TP |
| .B \-j \fIsectionname\fR, \fB\-\-only\-section=\fIsectionname |
| Copy only the named section from the input file to the output file, |
| discarding all other sections. This option may be given more than |
| once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the output |
| file unusable. |
| .TP |
| .B \-R \fIsectionname\fR, \fB\-\-remove-section=\fIsectionname |
| Remove the named section from the file. This option may be given more |
| than once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the |
| output file unusable. |
| .TP |
| .B \-S\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-all |
| Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file. |
| .TP |
| .B \-g\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-debug |
| Do not copy debugging symbols from the source file. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-strip\-unneeded |
| Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing. |
| .TP |
| .B \-K \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fIsymbolname |
| Copy only symbol \fIsymbolname\fP from the source file. This option |
| may be given more than once. |
| .TP |
| .B \-N \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fIsymbolname |
| Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fP from the source file. This option |
| may be given more than once. |
| .TP |
| .B \-L \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fIsymbolname |
| Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fP local to the file, so that it is not |
| visible externally. This option may be given more than once. |
| .TP |
| .B \-W \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fIsymbolname |
| Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fP weak. This option may be given more than once. |
| .TP |
| .B \-x\fR, \fB\-\-discard\-all |
| Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file. |
| .TP |
| .B \-X\fR, \fB\-\-discard\-locals |
| Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols. (These usually start |
| with "L" or "."). |
| .TP |
| .B \-b \fIbyte\fR, \fB\-\-byte=\fIbyte |
| Keep only every \fIbyte\fPth byte of the input file (header data is |
| not affected). \fIbyte\fP can be in the range from 0 to the |
| interleave-1. This option is useful for creating files to program |
| ROMs. It is typically used with an srec output target. |
| .TP |
| .B \-i \fIinterleave\fR, \fB\-\-interleave=\fIinterleave |
| Only copy one out of every \fIinterleave\fP bytes. Which one to copy is |
| selected by the \fB\-b\fP or \fB\-\-byte\fP option. The default is 4. |
| The interleave is ignored if neither \fB\-b\fP nor \fB\-\-byte\fP is given. |
| .TP |
| .B \-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-dates |
| Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same |
| as those of the input file. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-debugging |
| Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default |
| because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the |
| conversion process can be time consuming. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-gap\-fill=\fIval |
| Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fP. This operation applies to |
| the \fIload address\fP (LMA) of the sections. It is done by increasing |
| the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra |
| space created with \fIval\fP. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-pad\-to=\fIaddress |
| Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fP. This is |
| done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is |
| filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fP (default |
| zero). |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-set\-start=\fIval |
| Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fP. Not all object |
| file formats support setting the start address. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-change\-start=\fIincr\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fIincr |
| Changes the start address by adding \fIincr\fP. Not all object file |
| formats support setting the start address. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fIincr\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-vma=\fIincr |
| Changes the address of all sections, as well as the start address, by |
| adding \fIincr\fP. Some object file formats do not permit section |
| addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not relocate |
| the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a |
| certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such |
| that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val |
| Set or changes the VMA and LMA addresses of the named \fIsection\fP. |
| If \fI=\fP is used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. |
| Otherwise, \fIval\fP is added to or subtracted from the section |
| address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If |
| \fIsection\fP does not exist in the input file, a warning will be |
| issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val |
| Set or change the LMA address of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is |
| used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP |
| is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments |
| under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist |
| in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless |
| \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val |
| Set or change the VMA address of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is |
| used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP |
| is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments |
| under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist |
| in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless |
| \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-warnings |
| If \fB\-\-change\-section\-XXX\fP is used, and the named section does |
| not exist, issue a warning. This is the default. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR, \fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings |
| Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-XXX\fP is used, even |
| if the named section does not exist. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\ \fIsection=flags |
| Set the flags for the named section. The \fIflags\fP argument is a |
| comma separated string of flag names. The recognized names are |
| \fIalloc\fP, \fIcontents\fP, \fIload\fP, \fInoload\fP, \fIreadonly\fP, |
| \fIcode\fP, \fIdata\fP, \fIrom\fP, \fIshare\fP, and \fIdebug\fP. Not |
| all flags are meaningful for all object file formats. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-add\-section\ \fIsectionname=filename |
| Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file. The |
| contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR. |
| The size of the section will be the size of the file. This option |
| only works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary |
| names. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-change\-leading\-char |
| Some object file formats use special characters at the start of |
| symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers |
| often add before every symbol. This option tells |
| .B objcopy |
| to change the leading character of every symbol when it converts |
| between object file formats. If the object file formats use the same |
| leading character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add |
| a character, or remove a character, or change a character, as |
| appropriate. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-remove\-leading\-char |
| If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading |
| character used by the object file format, remove the character. The |
| most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will |
| remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be |
| useful if you want to link together objects of different file formats |
| with different conventions for symbol names. This is different from |
| \fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fP because it always changes the symbol name |
| when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-srec\-len=\fIval |
| Meaningful only for srec output. Set the length of the Srecords to \fIval\fP. |
| This length covers both the address, data and crc fields. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-srec\-forceS3 |
| Meaningful only for srec output. Avoid generation of S1/S2 records, creating |
| S3-only record format. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-redefine\-sym\ \fIold=new |
| Change the name of symbol \fIold\fR to \fInew\fR. This can be useful |
| when one is trying link two things together for which you have no |
| source, and there are name collisions. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-weaken |
| Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. |
| .TP |
| .B \-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose |
| Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of |
| archives, "\fBobjcopy \-V\fR" lists all members of the archive. |
| .TP |
| .B \-V\fR, \fB\-\-version |
| Show the version number of |
| .B objcopy |
| and exit. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-help |
| Show a summary of the options to |
| .B objcopy |
| and exit. |
| .SH "SEE ALSO" |
| .RB "`\|" binutils "\|'" |
| entry in |
| .B |
| info\c |
| \&; |
| .I |
| The GNU Binary Utilities\c |
| \&, Roland H. Pesch (June 1993). |
| |
| .SH COPYING |
| Copyright (c) 1993, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| .PP |
| This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free |
| Documentation License, version 1.1. That license is described in the |
| sources for this manual page, but it is not displayed here in order to |
| make this manual more consise. Copies of this license can also be |
| obtained from: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. |
| |
| \" .SH GNU Free Documentation License |
| \" Version 1.1, March 2000 |
| |
| \" Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| \" 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA |
| |
| \" Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim |
| \" copies of this license document, but changing it is |
| \" not allowed. |
| \" .PP |
| \" 0. PREAMBLE |
| \" .PP |
| \" The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
| \" written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone |
| \" the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without |
| \" modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, |
| \" this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get |
| \" credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for |
| \" modifications made by others. |
| \" .PP |
| \" This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
| \" works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
| \" complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
| \" license designed for free software. |
| \" .PP |
| \" We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free |
| \" software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
| \" program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
| \" software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; |
| \" it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
| \" whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
| \" principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
| \" .PP |
| \" 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
| \" .PP |
| \" This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a |
| \" notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed |
| \" under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any |
| \" such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is |
| \" addressed as "you". |
| \" .PP |
| \" A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the |
| \" Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
| \" modifications and/or translated into another language. |
| \" .PP |
| \" A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of |
| \" the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
| \" publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject |
| \" (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly |
| \" within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a |
| \" textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any |
| \" mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
| \" connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
| \" commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
| \" them. |
| \" .PP |
| \" The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
| \" are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
| \" that says that the Document is released under this License. |
| \" .PP |
| \" The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
| \" as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
| \" the Document is released under this License. |
| \" .PP |
| \" A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
| \" represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
| \" general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and |
| \" straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
| \" pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
| \" drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
| \" for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
| \" to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
| \" format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage |
| \" subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is |
| \" not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". |
| \" .PP |
| \" Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
| \" ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML |
| \" or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple |
| \" HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include |
| \" PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only |
| \" by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or |
| \" processing tools are not generally available, and the |
| \" machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output |
| \" purposes only. |
| \" .PP |
| \" The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
| \" plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
| \" this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in |
| \" formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means |
| \" the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
| \" preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
| \" .PP |
| \" 2. VERBATIM COPYING |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
| \" commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
| \" copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies |
| \" to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other |
| \" conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
| \" technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further |
| \" copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
| \" compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
| \" number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and |
| \" you may publicly display copies. |
| \" .PP |
| \" 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY |
| \" .PP |
| \" If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, |
| \" and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose |
| \" the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
| \" Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
| \" the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
| \" you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
| \" the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and |
| \" visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. |
| \" Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve |
| \" the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated |
| \" as verbatim copying in other respects. |
| \" .PP |
| \" If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
| \" legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
| \" reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
| \" pages. |
| \" .PP |
| \" If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
| \" more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
| \" copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
| \" a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete |
| \" Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the |
| \" general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no |
| \" charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter |
| \" option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin |
| \" distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this |
| \" Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location |
| \" until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque |
| \" copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to |
| \" the public. |
| \" .PP |
| \" It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
| \" Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give |
| \" them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. |
| \" .PP |
| \" 4. MODIFICATIONS |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under |
| \" the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release |
| \" the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified |
| \" Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution |
| \" and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy |
| \" of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
| \" .PP |
| \" A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct |
| \" from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions |
| \" (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section |
| \" of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version |
| \" if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
| \" .PP |
| \" B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities |
| \" responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified |
| \" Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the |
| \" Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five). |
| \" .PP |
| \" C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
| \" Modified Version, as the publisher. |
| \" .PP |
| \" D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
| \" .PP |
| \" E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
| \" adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
| \" .PP |
| \" F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice |
| \" giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the |
| \" terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
| \" Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections |
| \" and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. |
| \" .PP |
| \" H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
| \" .PP |
| \" I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to |
| \" it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and |
| \" publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
| \" there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one |
| \" stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
| \" given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified |
| \" Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
| \" .PP |
| \" J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for |
| \" public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise |
| \" the network locations given in the Document for previous versions |
| \" it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. |
| \" You may omit a network location for a work that was published at |
| \" least four years before the Document itself, or if the original |
| \" publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
| \" .PP |
| \" K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", |
| \" preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the |
| \" substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements |
| \" and/or dedications given therein. |
| \" .PP |
| \" L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
| \" unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers |
| \" or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
| \" .PP |
| \" M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section |
| \" may not be included in the Modified Version. |
| \" .PP |
| \" N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" |
| \" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
| \" .PP |
| \" If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
| \" appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
| \" copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
| \" of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
| \" list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
| \" These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
| \" nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
| \" parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
| \" been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
| \" standard. |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a |
| \" passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list |
| \" of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
| \" Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
| \" through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
| \" includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or |
| \" by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, |
| \" you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit |
| \" permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. |
| \" .PP |
| \" The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License |
| \" give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or |
| \" imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
| \" .PP |
| |
| \" 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may combine the Document with other documents released under this |
| \" License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified |
| \" versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
| \" Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
| \" list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
| \" license notice. |
| \" .PP |
| \" The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
| \" multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
| \" copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
| \" different contents, make the title of each such section unique by |
| \" adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original |
| \" author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. |
| \" Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
| \" Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
| \" .PP |
| \" In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" |
| \" in the various original documents, forming one section entitled |
| \" "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", |
| \" and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections |
| \" entitled "Endorsements." |
| \" .PP |
| |
| \" 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents |
| \" released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this |
| \" License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in |
| \" the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for |
| \" verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute |
| \" it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this |
| \" License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all |
| \" other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. |
| \" .PP |
| |
| \" 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
| \" .PP |
| \" A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
| \" and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
| \" distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version |
| \" of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the |
| \" compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this |
| \" License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled |
| \" with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they |
| \" are not themselves derivative works of the Document. |
| \" .PP |
| \" If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
| \" copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter |
| \" of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
| \" covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. |
| \" Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate. |
| \" .PP |
| |
| \" 8. TRANSLATION |
| \" .PP |
| \" Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
| \" distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. |
| \" Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
| \" permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
| \" translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
| \" original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
| \" translation of this License provided that you also include the |
| \" original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement |
| \" between the translation and the original English version of this |
| \" License, the original English version will prevail. |
| \" .PP |
| |
| \" 9. TERMINATION |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except |
| \" as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to |
| \" copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will |
| \" automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, |
| \" parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this |
| \" License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such |
| \" parties remain in full compliance. |
| \" .PP |
| |
| \" 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
| \" .PP |
| \" The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions |
| \" of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new |
| \" versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may |
| \" differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
| \" http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. |
| \" .PP |
| \" Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. |
| \" If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this |
| \" License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of |
| \" following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or |
| \" of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
| \" Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
| \" number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
| \" as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. |
| \" .PP |
| |
| \" ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
| \" .PP |
| \" To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
| \" the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
| \" license notices just after the title page: |
| \" .PP |
| \" Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. |
| \" Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or |
| \" modify this document under the terms of the GNU |
| \" Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later |
| \" version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
| \" with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, |
| \" with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the |
| \" Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license |
| \" is included in the section entitled "GNU Free |
| \" Documentation License". |
| \" .PP |
| \" If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" |
| \" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no |
| \" Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of |
| \" "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. |
| \" .PP |
| \" If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
| \" recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
| \" free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, |
| \" to permit their use in free software. |