//
// basic_stream_socket.hpp
// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//
// Copyright (c) 2003-2019 Christopher M. Kohlhoff (chris at kohlhoff dot com)
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//

#ifndef ASIO_BASIC_STREAM_SOCKET_HPP
#define ASIO_BASIC_STREAM_SOCKET_HPP

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)
# pragma once
#endif // defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)

#include "asio/detail/config.hpp"
#include <cstddef>
#include "asio/async_result.hpp"
#include "asio/basic_socket.hpp"
#include "asio/detail/handler_type_requirements.hpp"
#include "asio/detail/non_const_lvalue.hpp"
#include "asio/detail/throw_error.hpp"
#include "asio/error.hpp"

#include "asio/detail/push_options.hpp"

namespace asio {

#if !defined(ASIO_BASIC_STREAM_SOCKET_FWD_DECL)
#define ASIO_BASIC_STREAM_SOCKET_FWD_DECL

// Forward declaration with defaulted arguments.
template <typename Protocol, typename Executor = executor>
class basic_stream_socket;

#endif // !defined(ASIO_BASIC_STREAM_SOCKET_FWD_DECL)

/// Provides stream-oriented socket functionality.
/**
 * The basic_stream_socket class template provides asynchronous and blocking
 * stream-oriented socket functionality.
 *
 * @par Thread Safety
 * @e Distinct @e objects: Safe.@n
 * @e Shared @e objects: Unsafe.
 *
 * @par Concepts:
 * AsyncReadStream, AsyncWriteStream, Stream, SyncReadStream, SyncWriteStream.
 */
template <typename Protocol, typename Executor>
class basic_stream_socket
  : public basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>
{
public:
  /// The type of the executor associated with the object.
  typedef Executor executor_type;

  /// Rebinds the socket type to another executor.
  template <typename Executor1>
  struct rebind_executor
  {
    /// The socket type when rebound to the specified executor.
    typedef basic_stream_socket<Protocol, Executor1> other;
  };

  /// The native representation of a socket.
#if defined(GENERATING_DOCUMENTATION)
  typedef implementation_defined native_handle_type;
#else
  typedef typename basic_socket<Protocol,
    Executor>::native_handle_type native_handle_type;
#endif

  /// The protocol type.
  typedef Protocol protocol_type;

  /// The endpoint type.
  typedef typename Protocol::endpoint endpoint_type;

  /// Construct a basic_stream_socket without opening it.
  /**
   * This constructor creates a stream socket without opening it. The socket
   * needs to be opened and then connected or accepted before data can be sent
   * or received on it.
   *
   * @param ex The I/O executor that the socket will use, by default, to
   * dispatch handlers for any asynchronous operations performed on the socket.
   */
  explicit basic_stream_socket(const executor_type& ex)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(ex)
  {
  }

  /// Construct a basic_stream_socket without opening it.
  /**
   * This constructor creates a stream socket without opening it. The socket
   * needs to be opened and then connected or accepted before data can be sent
   * or received on it.
   *
   * @param context An execution context which provides the I/O executor that
   * the socket will use, by default, to dispatch handlers for any asynchronous
   * operations performed on the socket.
   */
  template <typename ExecutionContext>
  explicit basic_stream_socket(ExecutionContext& context,
      typename enable_if<
        is_convertible<ExecutionContext&, execution_context&>::value
      >::type* = 0)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(context)
  {
  }

  /// Construct and open a basic_stream_socket.
  /**
   * This constructor creates and opens a stream socket. The socket needs to be
   * connected or accepted before data can be sent or received on it.
   *
   * @param ex The I/O executor that the socket will use, by default, to
   * dispatch handlers for any asynchronous operations performed on the socket.
   *
   * @param protocol An object specifying protocol parameters to be used.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   */
  basic_stream_socket(const executor_type& ex, const protocol_type& protocol)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(ex, protocol)
  {
  }

  /// Construct and open a basic_stream_socket.
  /**
   * This constructor creates and opens a stream socket. The socket needs to be
   * connected or accepted before data can be sent or received on it.
   *
   * @param context An execution context which provides the I/O executor that
   * the socket will use, by default, to dispatch handlers for any asynchronous
   * operations performed on the socket.
   *
   * @param protocol An object specifying protocol parameters to be used.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   */
  template <typename ExecutionContext>
  basic_stream_socket(ExecutionContext& context, const protocol_type& protocol,
      typename enable_if<
        is_convertible<ExecutionContext&, execution_context&>::value
      >::type* = 0)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(context, protocol)
  {
  }

  /// Construct a basic_stream_socket, opening it and binding it to the given
  /// local endpoint.
  /**
   * This constructor creates a stream socket and automatically opens it bound
   * to the specified endpoint on the local machine. The protocol used is the
   * protocol associated with the given endpoint.
   *
   * @param ex The I/O executor that the socket will use, by default, to
   * dispatch handlers for any asynchronous operations performed on the socket.
   *
   * @param endpoint An endpoint on the local machine to which the stream
   * socket will be bound.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   */
  basic_stream_socket(const executor_type& ex, const endpoint_type& endpoint)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(ex, endpoint)
  {
  }

  /// Construct a basic_stream_socket, opening it and binding it to the given
  /// local endpoint.
  /**
   * This constructor creates a stream socket and automatically opens it bound
   * to the specified endpoint on the local machine. The protocol used is the
   * protocol associated with the given endpoint.
   *
   * @param context An execution context which provides the I/O executor that
   * the socket will use, by default, to dispatch handlers for any asynchronous
   * operations performed on the socket.
   *
   * @param endpoint An endpoint on the local machine to which the stream
   * socket will be bound.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   */
  template <typename ExecutionContext>
  basic_stream_socket(ExecutionContext& context, const endpoint_type& endpoint,
      typename enable_if<
        is_convertible<ExecutionContext&, execution_context&>::value
      >::type* = 0)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(context, endpoint)
  {
  }

  /// Construct a basic_stream_socket on an existing native socket.
  /**
   * This constructor creates a stream socket object to hold an existing native
   * socket.
   *
   * @param ex The I/O executor that the socket will use, by default, to
   * dispatch handlers for any asynchronous operations performed on the socket.
   *
   * @param protocol An object specifying protocol parameters to be used.
   *
   * @param native_socket The new underlying socket implementation.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   */
  basic_stream_socket(const executor_type& ex,
      const protocol_type& protocol, const native_handle_type& native_socket)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(ex, protocol, native_socket)
  {
  }

  /// Construct a basic_stream_socket on an existing native socket.
  /**
   * This constructor creates a stream socket object to hold an existing native
   * socket.
   *
   * @param context An execution context which provides the I/O executor that
   * the socket will use, by default, to dispatch handlers for any asynchronous
   * operations performed on the socket.
   *
   * @param protocol An object specifying protocol parameters to be used.
   *
   * @param native_socket The new underlying socket implementation.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   */
  template <typename ExecutionContext>
  basic_stream_socket(ExecutionContext& context,
      const protocol_type& protocol, const native_handle_type& native_socket,
      typename enable_if<
        is_convertible<ExecutionContext&, execution_context&>::value
      >::type* = 0)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(context, protocol, native_socket)
  {
  }

#if defined(ASIO_HAS_MOVE) || defined(GENERATING_DOCUMENTATION)
  /// Move-construct a basic_stream_socket from another.
  /**
   * This constructor moves a stream socket from one object to another.
   *
   * @param other The other basic_stream_socket object from which the move
   * will occur.
   *
   * @note Following the move, the moved-from object is in the same state as if
   * constructed using the @c basic_stream_socket(const executor_type&)
   * constructor.
   */
  basic_stream_socket(basic_stream_socket&& other)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(std::move(other))
  {
  }

  /// Move-assign a basic_stream_socket from another.
  /**
   * This assignment operator moves a stream socket from one object to another.
   *
   * @param other The other basic_stream_socket object from which the move
   * will occur.
   *
   * @note Following the move, the moved-from object is in the same state as if
   * constructed using the @c basic_stream_socket(const executor_type&)
   * constructor.
   */
  basic_stream_socket& operator=(basic_stream_socket&& other)
  {
    basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>::operator=(std::move(other));
    return *this;
  }

  /// Move-construct a basic_stream_socket from a socket of another protocol
  /// type.
  /**
   * This constructor moves a stream socket from one object to another.
   *
   * @param other The other basic_stream_socket object from which the move
   * will occur.
   *
   * @note Following the move, the moved-from object is in the same state as if
   * constructed using the @c basic_stream_socket(const executor_type&)
   * constructor.
   */
  template <typename Protocol1, typename Executor1>
  basic_stream_socket(basic_stream_socket<Protocol1, Executor1>&& other,
      typename enable_if<
        is_convertible<Protocol1, Protocol>::value
          && is_convertible<Executor1, Executor>::value
      >::type* = 0)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(std::move(other))
  {
  }

  /// Move-assign a basic_stream_socket from a socket of another protocol type.
  /**
   * This assignment operator moves a stream socket from one object to another.
   *
   * @param other The other basic_stream_socket object from which the move
   * will occur.
   *
   * @note Following the move, the moved-from object is in the same state as if
   * constructed using the @c basic_stream_socket(const executor_type&)
   * constructor.
   */
  template <typename Protocol1, typename Executor1>
  typename enable_if<
    is_convertible<Protocol1, Protocol>::value
      && is_convertible<Executor1, Executor>::value,
    basic_stream_socket&
  >::type operator=(basic_stream_socket<Protocol1, Executor1>&& other)
  {
    basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>::operator=(std::move(other));
    return *this;
  }
#endif // defined(ASIO_HAS_MOVE) || defined(GENERATING_DOCUMENTATION)

  /// Destroys the socket.
  /**
   * This function destroys the socket, cancelling any outstanding asynchronous
   * operations associated with the socket as if by calling @c cancel.
   */
  ~basic_stream_socket()
  {
  }

  /// Send some data on the socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to send data on the stream socket. The function
   * call will block until one or more bytes of the data has been sent
   * successfully, or an until error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent on the socket.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes sent.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   *
   * @note The send operation may not transmit all of the data to the peer.
   * Consider using the @ref write function if you need to ensure that all data
   * is written before the blocking operation completes.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To send a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
   * @code
   * socket.send(asio::buffer(data, size));
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on sending multiple
   * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
  std::size_t send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers)
  {
    asio::error_code ec;
    std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().send(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, 0, ec);
    asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "send");
    return s;
  }

  /// Send some data on the socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to send data on the stream socket. The function
   * call will block until one or more bytes of the data has been sent
   * successfully, or an until error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent on the socket.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes sent.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   *
   * @note The send operation may not transmit all of the data to the peer.
   * Consider using the @ref write function if you need to ensure that all data
   * is written before the blocking operation completes.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To send a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
   * @code
   * socket.send(asio::buffer(data, size), 0);
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on sending multiple
   * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
  std::size_t send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      socket_base::message_flags flags)
  {
    asio::error_code ec;
    std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().send(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags, ec);
    asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "send");
    return s;
  }

  /// Send some data on the socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to send data on the stream socket. The function
   * call will block until one or more bytes of the data has been sent
   * successfully, or an until error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent on the socket.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
   *
   * @param ec Set to indicate what error occurred, if any.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes sent. Returns 0 if an error occurred.
   *
   * @note The send operation may not transmit all of the data to the peer.
   * Consider using the @ref write function if you need to ensure that all data
   * is written before the blocking operation completes.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
  std::size_t send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      socket_base::message_flags flags, asio::error_code& ec)
  {
    return this->impl_.get_service().send(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags, ec);
  }

  /// Start an asynchronous send.
  /**
   * This function is used to asynchronously send data on the stream socket.
   * The function call always returns immediately.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent on the socket. Although
   * the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the underlying
   * memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee that they
   * remain valid until the handler is called.
   *
   * @param handler The handler to be called when the send operation completes.
   * Copies will be made of the handler as required. The function signature of
   * the handler must be:
   * @code void handler(
   *   const asio::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
   *   std::size_t bytes_transferred           // Number of bytes sent.
   * ); @endcode
   * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
   * not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function. On
   * immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
   * manner equivalent to using asio::post().
   *
   * @note The send operation may not transmit all of the data to the peer.
   * Consider using the @ref async_write function if you need to ensure that all
   * data is written before the asynchronous operation completes.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To send a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
   * @code
   * socket.async_send(asio::buffer(data, size), handler);
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on sending multiple
   * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence,
      ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (asio::error_code,
        std::size_t)) WriteHandler
          ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(executor_type)>
  ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(WriteHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t))
  async_send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      ASIO_MOVE_ARG(WriteHandler) handler
        ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(executor_type))
  {
    return async_initiate<WriteHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t)>(
        initiate_async_send(this), handler,
        buffers, socket_base::message_flags(0));
  }

  /// Start an asynchronous send.
  /**
   * This function is used to asynchronously send data on the stream socket.
   * The function call always returns immediately.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent on the socket. Although
   * the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the underlying
   * memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee that they
   * remain valid until the handler is called.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
   *
   * @param handler The handler to be called when the send operation completes.
   * Copies will be made of the handler as required. The function signature of
   * the handler must be:
   * @code void handler(
   *   const asio::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
   *   std::size_t bytes_transferred           // Number of bytes sent.
   * ); @endcode
   * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
   * not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function. On
   * immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
   * manner equivalent to using asio::post().
   *
   * @note The send operation may not transmit all of the data to the peer.
   * Consider using the @ref async_write function if you need to ensure that all
   * data is written before the asynchronous operation completes.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To send a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
   * @code
   * socket.async_send(asio::buffer(data, size), 0, handler);
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on sending multiple
   * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence,
      ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (asio::error_code,
        std::size_t)) WriteHandler
          ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(executor_type)>
  ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(WriteHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t))
  async_send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      socket_base::message_flags flags,
      ASIO_MOVE_ARG(WriteHandler) handler
        ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(executor_type))
  {
    return async_initiate<WriteHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t)>(
        initiate_async_send(this), handler, buffers, flags);
  }

  /// Receive some data on the socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to receive data on the stream socket. The function
   * call will block until one or more bytes of data has been received
   * successfully, or until an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes received.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure. An error code of
   * asio::error::eof indicates that the connection was closed by the
   * peer.
   *
   * @note The receive operation may not receive all of the requested number of
   * bytes. Consider using the @ref read function if you need to ensure that the
   * requested amount of data is read before the blocking operation completes.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To receive into a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as
   * follows:
   * @code
   * socket.receive(asio::buffer(data, size));
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on receiving into
   * multiple buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
  std::size_t receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers)
  {
    asio::error_code ec;
    std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().receive(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, 0, ec);
    asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "receive");
    return s;
  }

  /// Receive some data on the socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to receive data on the stream socket. The function
   * call will block until one or more bytes of data has been received
   * successfully, or until an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes received.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure. An error code of
   * asio::error::eof indicates that the connection was closed by the
   * peer.
   *
   * @note The receive operation may not receive all of the requested number of
   * bytes. Consider using the @ref read function if you need to ensure that the
   * requested amount of data is read before the blocking operation completes.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To receive into a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as
   * follows:
   * @code
   * socket.receive(asio::buffer(data, size), 0);
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on receiving into
   * multiple buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
  std::size_t receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      socket_base::message_flags flags)
  {
    asio::error_code ec;
    std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().receive(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags, ec);
    asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "receive");
    return s;
  }

  /// Receive some data on a connected socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to receive data on the stream socket. The function
   * call will block until one or more bytes of data has been received
   * successfully, or until an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
   *
   * @param ec Set to indicate what error occurred, if any.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes received. Returns 0 if an error occurred.
   *
   * @note The receive operation may not receive all of the requested number of
   * bytes. Consider using the @ref read function if you need to ensure that the
   * requested amount of data is read before the blocking operation completes.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
  std::size_t receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      socket_base::message_flags flags, asio::error_code& ec)
  {
    return this->impl_.get_service().receive(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags, ec);
  }

  /// Start an asynchronous receive.
  /**
   * This function is used to asynchronously receive data from the stream
   * socket. The function call always returns immediately.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
   * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
   * that they remain valid until the handler is called.
   *
   * @param handler The handler to be called when the receive operation
   * completes. Copies will be made of the handler as required. The function
   * signature of the handler must be:
   * @code void handler(
   *   const asio::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
   *   std::size_t bytes_transferred           // Number of bytes received.
   * ); @endcode
   * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
   * not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function. On
   * immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
   * manner equivalent to using asio::post().
   *
   * @note The receive operation may not receive all of the requested number of
   * bytes. Consider using the @ref async_read function if you need to ensure
   * that the requested amount of data is received before the asynchronous
   * operation completes.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To receive into a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as
   * follows:
   * @code
   * socket.async_receive(asio::buffer(data, size), handler);
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on receiving into
   * multiple buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence,
      ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (asio::error_code,
        std::size_t)) ReadHandler
          ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(executor_type)>
  ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(ReadHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t))
  async_receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      ASIO_MOVE_ARG(ReadHandler) handler
        ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(executor_type))
  {
    return async_initiate<ReadHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t)>(
        initiate_async_receive(this), handler,
        buffers, socket_base::message_flags(0));
  }

  /// Start an asynchronous receive.
  /**
   * This function is used to asynchronously receive data from the stream
   * socket. The function call always returns immediately.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
   * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
   * that they remain valid until the handler is called.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
   *
   * @param handler The handler to be called when the receive operation
   * completes. Copies will be made of the handler as required. The function
   * signature of the handler must be:
   * @code void handler(
   *   const asio::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
   *   std::size_t bytes_transferred           // Number of bytes received.
   * ); @endcode
   * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
   * not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function. On
   * immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
   * manner equivalent to using asio::post().
   *
   * @note The receive operation may not receive all of the requested number of
   * bytes. Consider using the @ref async_read function if you need to ensure
   * that the requested amount of data is received before the asynchronous
   * operation completes.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To receive into a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as
   * follows:
   * @code
   * socket.async_receive(asio::buffer(data, size), 0, handler);
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on receiving into
   * multiple buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence,
      ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (asio::error_code,
        std::size_t)) ReadHandler
          ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(executor_type)>
  ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(ReadHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t))
  async_receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      socket_base::message_flags flags,
      ASIO_MOVE_ARG(ReadHandler) handler
        ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(executor_type))
  {
    return async_initiate<ReadHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t)>(
        initiate_async_receive(this), handler, buffers, flags);
  }

  /// Write some data to the socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to write data to the stream socket. The function call
   * will block until one or more bytes of the data has been written
   * successfully, or until an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be written to the socket.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes written.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure. An error code of
   * asio::error::eof indicates that the connection was closed by the
   * peer.
   *
   * @note The write_some operation may not transmit all of the data to the
   * peer. Consider using the @ref write function if you need to ensure that
   * all data is written before the blocking operation completes.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To write a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
   * @code
   * socket.write_some(asio::buffer(data, size));
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on writing multiple
   * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
  std::size_t write_some(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers)
  {
    asio::error_code ec;
    std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().send(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, 0, ec);
    asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "write_some");
    return s;
  }

  /// Write some data to the socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to write data to the stream socket. The function call
   * will block until one or more bytes of the data has been written
   * successfully, or until an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be written to the socket.
   *
   * @param ec Set to indicate what error occurred, if any.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes written. Returns 0 if an error occurred.
   *
   * @note The write_some operation may not transmit all of the data to the
   * peer. Consider using the @ref write function if you need to ensure that
   * all data is written before the blocking operation completes.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
  std::size_t write_some(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      asio::error_code& ec)
  {
    return this->impl_.get_service().send(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, 0, ec);
  }

  /// Start an asynchronous write.
  /**
   * This function is used to asynchronously write data to the stream socket.
   * The function call always returns immediately.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be written to the socket.
   * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
   * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
   * that they remain valid until the handler is called.
   *
   * @param handler The handler to be called when the write operation completes.
   * Copies will be made of the handler as required. The function signature of
   * the handler must be:
   * @code void handler(
   *   const asio::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
   *   std::size_t bytes_transferred           // Number of bytes written.
   * ); @endcode
   * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
   * not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function. On
   * immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
   * manner equivalent to using asio::post().
   *
   * @note The write operation may not transmit all of the data to the peer.
   * Consider using the @ref async_write function if you need to ensure that all
   * data is written before the asynchronous operation completes.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To write a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
   * @code
   * socket.async_write_some(asio::buffer(data, size), handler);
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on writing multiple
   * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence,
      ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (asio::error_code,
        std::size_t)) WriteHandler
          ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(executor_type)>
  ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(WriteHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t))
  async_write_some(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      ASIO_MOVE_ARG(WriteHandler) handler
        ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(executor_type))
  {
    return async_initiate<WriteHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t)>(
        initiate_async_send(this), handler,
        buffers, socket_base::message_flags(0));
  }

  /// Read some data from the socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to read data from the stream socket. The function
   * call will block until one or more bytes of data has been read successfully,
   * or until an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be read.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes read.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure. An error code of
   * asio::error::eof indicates that the connection was closed by the
   * peer.
   *
   * @note The read_some operation may not read all of the requested number of
   * bytes. Consider using the @ref read function if you need to ensure that
   * the requested amount of data is read before the blocking operation
   * completes.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To read into a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
   * @code
   * socket.read_some(asio::buffer(data, size));
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on reading into multiple
   * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
  std::size_t read_some(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers)
  {
    asio::error_code ec;
    std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().receive(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, 0, ec);
    asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "read_some");
    return s;
  }

  /// Read some data from the socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to read data from the stream socket. The function
   * call will block until one or more bytes of data has been read successfully,
   * or until an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be read.
   *
   * @param ec Set to indicate what error occurred, if any.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes read. Returns 0 if an error occurred.
   *
   * @note The read_some operation may not read all of the requested number of
   * bytes. Consider using the @ref read function if you need to ensure that
   * the requested amount of data is read before the blocking operation
   * completes.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
  std::size_t read_some(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      asio::error_code& ec)
  {
    return this->impl_.get_service().receive(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, 0, ec);
  }

  /// Start an asynchronous read.
  /**
   * This function is used to asynchronously read data from the stream socket.
   * The function call always returns immediately.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be read.
   * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
   * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
   * that they remain valid until the handler is called.
   *
   * @param handler The handler to be called when the read operation completes.
   * Copies will be made of the handler as required. The function signature of
   * the handler must be:
   * @code void handler(
   *   const asio::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
   *   std::size_t bytes_transferred           // Number of bytes read.
   * ); @endcode
   * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
   * not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function. On
   * immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
   * manner equivalent to using asio::post().
   *
   * @note The read operation may not read all of the requested number of bytes.
   * Consider using the @ref async_read function if you need to ensure that the
   * requested amount of data is read before the asynchronous operation
   * completes.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To read into a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
   * @code
   * socket.async_read_some(asio::buffer(data, size), handler);
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on reading into multiple
   * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence,
      ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (asio::error_code,
        std::size_t)) ReadHandler
          ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(executor_type)>
  ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(ReadHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t))
  async_read_some(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      ASIO_MOVE_ARG(ReadHandler) handler
        ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(executor_type))
  {
    return async_initiate<ReadHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t)>(
        initiate_async_receive(this), handler,
        buffers, socket_base::message_flags(0));
  }

private:
  class initiate_async_send
  {
  public:
    typedef Executor executor_type;

    explicit initiate_async_send(basic_stream_socket* self)
      : self_(self)
    {
    }

    executor_type get_executor() const ASIO_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return self_->get_executor();
    }

    template <typename WriteHandler, typename ConstBufferSequence>
    void operator()(ASIO_MOVE_ARG(WriteHandler) handler,
        const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
        socket_base::message_flags flags) const
    {
      // If you get an error on the following line it means that your handler
      // does not meet the documented type requirements for a WriteHandler.
      ASIO_WRITE_HANDLER_CHECK(WriteHandler, handler) type_check;

      detail::non_const_lvalue<WriteHandler> handler2(handler);
      self_->impl_.get_service().async_send(
          self_->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags,
          handler2.value, self_->impl_.get_implementation_executor());
    }

  private:
    basic_stream_socket* self_;
  };

  class initiate_async_receive
  {
  public:
    typedef Executor executor_type;

    explicit initiate_async_receive(basic_stream_socket* self)
      : self_(self)
    {
    }

    executor_type get_executor() const ASIO_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return self_->get_executor();
    }

    template <typename ReadHandler, typename MutableBufferSequence>
    void operator()(ASIO_MOVE_ARG(ReadHandler) handler,
        const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
        socket_base::message_flags flags) const
    {
      // If you get an error on the following line it means that your handler
      // does not meet the documented type requirements for a ReadHandler.
      ASIO_READ_HANDLER_CHECK(ReadHandler, handler) type_check;

      detail::non_const_lvalue<ReadHandler> handler2(handler);
      self_->impl_.get_service().async_receive(
          self_->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags,
          handler2.value, self_->impl_.get_implementation_executor());
    }

  private:
    basic_stream_socket* self_;
  };
};

} // namespace asio

#include "asio/detail/pop_options.hpp"

#endif // ASIO_BASIC_STREAM_SOCKET_HPP