diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfiemap/binder.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfiemap/binder.cpp
index 41e534a..439aac9 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libfiemap/binder.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfiemap/binder.cpp
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
 
 static FiemapStatus ToFiemapStatus(const char* func, const binder::Status& status) {
     if (!status.isOk()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << func << " binder returned: " << status.toString8().string();
+        LOG(ERROR) << func << " binder returned: " << status.toString8().c_str();
         if (status.serviceSpecificErrorCode() != 0) {
             return FiemapStatus::FromErrorCode(status.serviceSpecificErrorCode());
         } else {
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
     auto status = manager_->deleteBackingImage(name);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
-                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().string();
+                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().c_str();
         return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
     auto status = manager_->mapImageDevice(name, timeout_ms_count, &map);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
-                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().string();
+                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().c_str();
         return false;
     }
     *path = map.path;
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
     auto status = manager_->unmapImageDevice(name);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
-                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().string();
+                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().c_str();
         return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
     auto status = manager_->backingImageExists(name, &retval);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
-                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().string();
+                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().c_str();
         return false;
     }
     return retval;
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
     auto status = manager_->isImageMapped(name, &retval);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
-                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().string();
+                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().c_str();
         return false;
     }
     return retval;
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
     auto status = manager_->getAllBackingImages(&retval);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
-                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().string();
+                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().c_str();
     }
     return retval;
 }
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
     auto status = manager_->removeAllImages();
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
-                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().string();
+                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().c_str();
         return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
     auto status = manager_->disableImage(name);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
-                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().string();
+                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().c_str();
         return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@
     auto status = manager_->removeDisabledImages();
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
-                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().string();
+                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().c_str();
         return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
     auto status = manager_->getMappedImageDevice(name, device);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
-                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().string();
+                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().c_str();
         return false;
     }
     return !device->empty();
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
     auto status = manager_->isImageDisabled(name, &retval);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
-                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().string();
+                   << " binder returned: " << status.exceptionMessage().c_str();
         return false;
     }
     return retval;
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@
 
     auto status = service->openImageService(dir, &manager);
     if (!status.isOk() || !manager) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not acquire IImageManager: " << status.exceptionMessage().string();
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not acquire IImageManager: " << status.exceptionMessage().c_str();
         return nullptr;
     }
     return std::make_unique<ImageManagerBinder>(std::move(service), std::move(manager));
diff --git a/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp b/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp
index bd7955a..15c30be 100644
--- a/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp
+++ b/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp
@@ -444,12 +444,10 @@
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mChargerNames.size(); i++) {
         String8 path;
-        path.appendFormat("%s/%s/online", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH,
-                          mChargerNames[i].string());
+        path.appendFormat("%s/%s/online", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH, mChargerNames[i].c_str());
         if (getIntField(path)) {
             path.clear();
-            path.appendFormat("%s/%s/type", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH,
-                              mChargerNames[i].string());
+            path.appendFormat("%s/%s/type", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH, mChargerNames[i].c_str());
             switch(readPowerSupplyType(path)) {
             case ANDROID_POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_AC:
                 mHealthInfo->chargerAcOnline = true;
@@ -466,26 +464,24 @@
             default:
                 path.clear();
                 path.appendFormat("%s/%s/is_dock", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH,
-                                  mChargerNames[i].string());
-                if (access(path.string(), R_OK) == 0)
+                                  mChargerNames[i].c_str());
+                if (access(path.c_str(), R_OK) == 0)
                     mHealthInfo->chargerDockOnline = true;
                 else
                     KLOG_WARNING(LOG_TAG, "%s: Unknown power supply type\n",
-                                 mChargerNames[i].string());
+                                 mChargerNames[i].c_str());
             }
             path.clear();
             path.appendFormat("%s/%s/current_max", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH,
-                              mChargerNames[i].string());
-            int ChargingCurrent =
-                    (access(path.string(), R_OK) == 0) ? getIntField(path) : 0;
+                              mChargerNames[i].c_str());
+            int ChargingCurrent = (access(path.c_str(), R_OK) == 0) ? getIntField(path) : 0;
 
             path.clear();
             path.appendFormat("%s/%s/voltage_max", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH,
-                              mChargerNames[i].string());
+                              mChargerNames[i].c_str());
 
             int ChargingVoltage =
-                (access(path.string(), R_OK) == 0) ? getIntField(path) :
-                DEFAULT_VBUS_VOLTAGE;
+                    (access(path.c_str(), R_OK) == 0) ? getIntField(path) : DEFAULT_VBUS_VOLTAGE;
 
             double power = ((double)ChargingCurrent / MILLION) *
                            ((double)ChargingVoltage / MILLION);
@@ -775,8 +771,7 @@
             case ANDROID_POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_DOCK:
                 path.clear();
                 path.appendFormat("%s/%s/online", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH, name);
-                if (access(path.string(), R_OK) == 0)
-                    mChargerNames.add(String8(name));
+                if (access(path.c_str(), R_OK) == 0) mChargerNames.add(String8(name));
                 break;
 
             case ANDROID_POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_BATTERY:
@@ -958,12 +953,10 @@
             // Look for "is_dock" file
             path.clear();
             path.appendFormat("%s/%s/is_dock", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH, name);
-            if (access(path.string(), R_OK) == 0) {
+            if (access(path.c_str(), R_OK) == 0) {
                 path.clear();
                 path.appendFormat("%s/%s/online", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH, name);
-                if (access(path.string(), R_OK) == 0)
-                    mChargerNames.add(String8(name));
-
+                if (access(path.c_str(), R_OK) == 0) mChargerNames.add(String8(name));
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/healthd/BatteryMonitor_v1.cpp b/healthd/BatteryMonitor_v1.cpp
index b87c493..b2d6518 100644
--- a/healthd/BatteryMonitor_v1.cpp
+++ b/healthd/BatteryMonitor_v1.cpp
@@ -358,12 +358,10 @@
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mChargerNames.size(); i++) {
         String8 path;
-        path.appendFormat("%s/%s/online", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH,
-                          mChargerNames[i].string());
+        path.appendFormat("%s/%s/online", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH, mChargerNames[i].c_str());
         if (getIntField(path)) {
             path.clear();
-            path.appendFormat("%s/%s/type", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH,
-                              mChargerNames[i].string());
+            path.appendFormat("%s/%s/type", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH, mChargerNames[i].c_str());
             switch(readPowerSupplyType(path)) {
             case ANDROID_POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_AC:
                 mHealthInfo->chargerAcOnline = true;
@@ -380,26 +378,24 @@
             default:
                 path.clear();
                 path.appendFormat("%s/%s/is_dock", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH,
-                                  mChargerNames[i].string());
-                if (access(path.string(), R_OK) == 0)
+                                  mChargerNames[i].c_str());
+                if (access(path.c_str(), R_OK) == 0)
                     mHealthInfo->chargerDockOnline = true;
                 else
                     KLOG_WARNING(LOG_TAG, "%s: Unknown power supply type\n",
-                                 mChargerNames[i].string());
+                                 mChargerNames[i].c_str());
             }
             path.clear();
             path.appendFormat("%s/%s/current_max", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH,
-                              mChargerNames[i].string());
-            int ChargingCurrent =
-                    (access(path.string(), R_OK) == 0) ? getIntField(path) : 0;
+                              mChargerNames[i].c_str());
+            int ChargingCurrent = (access(path.c_str(), R_OK) == 0) ? getIntField(path) : 0;
 
             path.clear();
             path.appendFormat("%s/%s/voltage_max", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH,
-                              mChargerNames[i].string());
+                              mChargerNames[i].c_str());
 
             int ChargingVoltage =
-                (access(path.string(), R_OK) == 0) ? getIntField(path) :
-                DEFAULT_VBUS_VOLTAGE;
+                    (access(path.c_str(), R_OK) == 0) ? getIntField(path) : DEFAULT_VBUS_VOLTAGE;
 
             double power = ((double)ChargingCurrent / MILLION) *
                            ((double)ChargingVoltage / MILLION);
@@ -628,8 +624,7 @@
             case ANDROID_POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_DOCK:
                 path.clear();
                 path.appendFormat("%s/%s/online", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH, name);
-                if (access(path.string(), R_OK) == 0)
-                    mChargerNames.add(String8(name));
+                if (access(path.c_str(), R_OK) == 0) mChargerNames.add(String8(name));
                 break;
 
             case ANDROID_POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_BATTERY:
@@ -767,12 +762,10 @@
             // Look for "is_dock" file
             path.clear();
             path.appendFormat("%s/%s/is_dock", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH, name);
-            if (access(path.string(), R_OK) == 0) {
+            if (access(path.c_str(), R_OK) == 0) {
                 path.clear();
                 path.appendFormat("%s/%s/online", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH, name);
-                if (access(path.string(), R_OK) == 0)
-                    mChargerNames.add(String8(name));
-
+                if (access(path.c_str(), R_OK) == 0) mChargerNames.add(String8(name));
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/libutils/ProcessCallStack.cpp b/libutils/ProcessCallStack.cpp
index f054de9..4b27bdd 100644
--- a/libutils/ProcessCallStack.cpp
+++ b/libutils/ProcessCallStack.cpp
@@ -205,8 +205,7 @@
 }
 
 void ProcessCallStack::printInternal(Printer& printer, Printer& csPrinter) const {
-    dumpProcessHeader(printer, getpid(),
-                      getTimeString(mTimeUpdated).string());
+    dumpProcessHeader(printer, getpid(), getTimeString(mTimeUpdated).c_str());
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mThreadMap.size(); ++i) {
         pid_t tid = mThreadMap.keyAt(i);
@@ -214,7 +213,7 @@
         const String8& threadName = threadInfo.threadName;
 
         printer.printLine("");
-        printer.printFormatLine("\"%s\" sysTid=%d", threadName.string(), tid);
+        printer.printFormatLine("\"%s\" sysTid=%d", threadName.c_str(), tid);
 
         threadInfo.callStack.print(csPrinter);
     }
diff --git a/libutils/RefBase.cpp b/libutils/RefBase.cpp
index ab122c7..e0a2846 100644
--- a/libutils/RefBase.cpp
+++ b/libutils/RefBase.cpp
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@
                      this);
             int rc = open(name, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, 0644);
             if (rc >= 0) {
-                (void)write(rc, text.string(), text.length());
+                (void)write(rc, text.c_str(), text.length());
                 close(rc);
                 ALOGI("STACK TRACE for %p saved in %s", this, name);
             }
diff --git a/libutils/String16_fuzz.cpp b/libutils/String16_fuzz.cpp
index d7e5ec7..a271aee 100644
--- a/libutils/String16_fuzz.cpp
+++ b/libutils/String16_fuzz.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
                 // Bytes and size
                 ([](FuzzedDataProvider&, android::String16 str1, android::String16) -> void {
-                    str1.string();
+                    str1.c_str();
                 }),
                 ([](FuzzedDataProvider&, android::String16 str1, android::String16) -> void {
                     str1.isStaticString();
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
                     str1.startsWith(str2);
                 }),
                 ([](FuzzedDataProvider&, android::String16 str1, android::String16 str2) -> void {
-                    str1.contains(str2.string());
+                    str1.contains(str2.c_str());
                 }),
                 ([](FuzzedDataProvider&, android::String16 str1, android::String16 str2) -> void {
                     str1.compare(str2);
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
                 ([](FuzzedDataProvider& dataProvider, android::String16 str1,
                     android::String16 str2) -> void {
                     int pos = dataProvider.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int>(0, str1.size());
-                    str1.insert(pos, str2.string());
+                    str1.insert(pos, str2.c_str());
                 }),
 
                 // Find and replace operations
diff --git a/libutils/String8_test.cpp b/libutils/String8_test.cpp
index 35fd512..9c12cb1 100644
--- a/libutils/String8_test.cpp
+++ b/libutils/String8_test.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 TEST_F(String8Test, Cstr) {
     String8 tmp("Hello, world!");
 
-    EXPECT_STREQ(tmp.string(), "Hello, world!");
+    EXPECT_STREQ(tmp.c_str(), "Hello, world!");
 }
 
 TEST_F(String8Test, OperatorPlus) {
@@ -45,16 +45,16 @@
     // Test adding String8 + const char*
     const char* ccsrc2 = "world!";
     String8 dst1 = src1 + ccsrc2;
-    EXPECT_STREQ(dst1.string(), "Hello, world!");
-    EXPECT_STREQ(src1.string(), "Hello, ");
+    EXPECT_STREQ(dst1.c_str(), "Hello, world!");
+    EXPECT_STREQ(src1.c_str(), "Hello, ");
     EXPECT_STREQ(ccsrc2, "world!");
 
     // Test adding String8 + String8
     String8 ssrc2("world!");
     String8 dst2 = src1 + ssrc2;
-    EXPECT_STREQ(dst2.string(), "Hello, world!");
-    EXPECT_STREQ(src1.string(), "Hello, ");
-    EXPECT_STREQ(ssrc2.string(), "world!");
+    EXPECT_STREQ(dst2.c_str(), "Hello, world!");
+    EXPECT_STREQ(src1.c_str(), "Hello, ");
+    EXPECT_STREQ(ssrc2.c_str(), "world!");
 }
 
 TEST_F(String8Test, OperatorPlusEquals) {
@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@
     // Testing String8 += String8
     String8 src2(" is my passport.");
     src1 += src2;
-    EXPECT_STREQ(src1.string(), "My voice is my passport.");
-    EXPECT_STREQ(src2.string(), " is my passport.");
+    EXPECT_STREQ(src1.c_str(), "My voice is my passport.");
+    EXPECT_STREQ(src2.c_str(), " is my passport.");
 
     // Adding const char* to the previous string.
     const char* src3 = " Verify me.";
     src1 += src3;
-    EXPECT_STREQ(src1.string(), "My voice is my passport. Verify me.");
-    EXPECT_STREQ(src2.string(), " is my passport.");
+    EXPECT_STREQ(src1.c_str(), "My voice is my passport. Verify me.");
+    EXPECT_STREQ(src2.c_str(), " is my passport.");
     EXPECT_STREQ(src3, " Verify me.");
 }
 
diff --git a/libutils/Tokenizer.cpp b/libutils/Tokenizer.cpp
index c3ec165..9fc955c 100644
--- a/libutils/Tokenizer.cpp
+++ b/libutils/Tokenizer.cpp
@@ -50,15 +50,15 @@
     *outTokenizer = nullptr;
 
     int result = OK;
-    int fd = ::open(filename.string(), O_RDONLY);
+    int fd = ::open(filename.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
     if (fd < 0) {
         result = -errno;
-        ALOGE("Error opening file '%s': %s", filename.string(), strerror(errno));
+        ALOGE("Error opening file '%s': %s", filename.c_str(), strerror(errno));
     } else {
         struct stat stat;
         if (fstat(fd, &stat)) {
             result = -errno;
-            ALOGE("Error getting size of file '%s': %s", filename.string(), strerror(errno));
+            ALOGE("Error getting size of file '%s': %s", filename.c_str(), strerror(errno));
         } else {
             size_t length = size_t(stat.st_size);
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
                 ssize_t nrd = read(fd, buffer, length);
                 if (nrd < 0) {
                     result = -errno;
-                    ALOGE("Error reading file '%s': %s", filename.string(), strerror(errno));
+                    ALOGE("Error reading file '%s': %s", filename.c_str(), strerror(errno));
                     delete[] buffer;
                     buffer = nullptr;
                 } else {
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 
 String8 Tokenizer::getLocation() const {
     String8 result;
-    result.appendFormat("%s:%d", mFilename.string(), mLineNumber);
+    result.appendFormat("%s:%d", mFilename.c_str(), mLineNumber);
     return result;
 }