[build] Expand build information package with richer information

This adds fields to the build information package about the target
product configuration, board, and version. These fields are documented
in https://fuchsia-review.googlesource.com/c/docs/+/224884.

Test: Build and examine /system/data/build
DX-764 #comment

Change-Id: Ifb8060488ed4585fd415dfaebcea7341e3291f85
1 file changed