docs/development/hardware/intel_nuc_with_zedboot.md - fuchsia - Git at Google

 # Install Fuchsia on a NUC using Zedboot (Legacy)

 This guide provides instructions on how to install Fuchsia on an
 Intel [NUC][nuc-wiki]{:.external} (Next Unit of Computing) device
 using a [Zedboot][glossary.zedboot]-based bootable USB drive.

 Caution: This legacy installation method is being deprecated
 in favor of the [`mkinstaller` command][install-fuchsia].

 The steps are:

 1. [Prerequisites](#prerequisites).
 1. [Build Fuchsia](#build-fuchsia).
 1. [Prepare a Zedboot-based bootable USB drive](#prepare-zedboot-usb).
 1. [Enable EFI booting on the NUC](#enable-efi-booting).
 1. [Install Fuchsia on the NUC](#install-fuchsia).

 ## 1. Prerequisites {#prerequisites}

 Before you start installing Fuchsia on a NUC device, make sure that
 you've completed the following tasks:

 * [Set up the Fuchsia development environment](#set-up-fuchsia-env)
 * [Get parts](#get-parts)

 ### Set up the Fuchsia development environment {#set-up-fuchsia-env}

 To set up the Fuchsia development environment on your workstation,
 complete the [Get started with Fuchsia][get-started-with-fuchsia] guide.

 ### Get parts {#get-parts}

 Note: Fuchsia only supports the NUC configurations listed in
 [Supported system configurations][supported-sys-config]. However,
 unsupported NUC configurations may also work with Fuchsia. For more information
 on experimental setups, see [Experimental hardware][experimental-hardware].

 The following parts are required for this guide:

 *  A NUC device (see [example models](#supported-nuc-models))
 *  A USB 3.0 flash drive
 *  A keyboard
 *  A mouse (Optional)
 *  A monitor with an HDMI port
 *  An HDMI cable
 *  An Ethernet cable
 *  A Phillips-head screwdriver (with a magnetic tip)

 Note: The [_2. Build Fuchsia_](#build-fuchsia) and
 [_3. Prepare a USB drive_](#prepare-usb) sections do not require a NUC
 device, so you can complete these sections prior to obtaining a NUC device.
 However, you will need a USB flash drive for the _3. Prepare a USB drive_
 section.

 ## 2. Build Fuchsia {#build-fuchsia}

 Installing Fuchsia on a NUC device requires that you build a Workstation
 image (`workstation_eng.x64`) and generate build artifacts on your workstation.

 To build Fuchsia for NUC installation, do the following:

 1.  Set your build configuration to `workstation_eng.x64`:

     ```posix-terminal
     fx set workstation_eng.x64
     ```

 1.  Build Fuchsia:

     ```posix-terminal
     fx build
     ```

     Building Fuchsia can take up to 90 minutes.

 ## 3. Prepare a Zedboot-based bootable USB drive {#prepare-zedboot-usb}

 You need to prepare a bootable USB drive that is based on Fuchsia's
 Zedboot. Later in the [Install Fuchsia on the NUC](#install-fuchsia) section,
 you will use this USB drive to boot your NUC into the Zedboot mode.

 Note: The instructions below require that you've completed the
 build in the previous [Build Fuchsia](#build-fuchsia) section.

 To prepare a bootable USB drive, do the following:

 1. Plug the USB drive into **your workstation**.

 1. Identify the path to the USB drive:

    ```posix-terminal
    fx list-usb-disks
    ```

    This command prints output similar to the following:

    ```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
    $ fx list-usb-disks
    /dev/sda - My Example USB Disk
    ```

 1. Create a Zedboot-based bootable USB drive:

    ```posix-terminal
    fx mkzedboot {{ "<var>" }}PATH_TO_USB_DRIVE{{ "</var>" }}
    ```

    Replace `PATH_TO_USB_DRIVE` with the path to the USB drive from the step
    above, for example:

    ```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
    $ fx mkzedboot /dev/sda
    ```

    This command creates a Zedboot-based bootable USB drive and
    dismounts the USB drive.

 1. Unplug the USB drive from the workstation.

 ## 4. Enable EFI booting on the NUC {#enable-efi-booting}

 Update your NUC's BIOS setup so that it can boot from
 a USB drive.

 Two versions of BIOS are available on NUC devices: **Visual BIOS** (for instance, NUC7)
 and **Aptio V BIOS** (for instance, NUC11). The steps are slightly different depending
 on which BIOS is included in your system.

 Important: To be able to enter the BIOS setup mode, you may need to unplug the
 Ethernet cable from the NUC device if it's already connected to the host machine.

 * {Visual BIOS}

    ![Visual BIOS](images/visual_bios.png "Screenshot showing Visual BIOS"){: width="700"}

    **Figure 1**. A screenshot of Visual BIOS

    To enable EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) booting on your NUC,
    do the following:

    1. Reboot your NUC.
    1. To enter the BIOS setup, press `F2` while booting.
    1. Click the **Advanced** button at the top.
    1. Click the **Boot** tab.
    1. Click the **Boot Priority** tab and confirm the following settings:

       -  **UEFI Boot** is checked.
       -  **Legacy Boot** is unchecked.

      ![Visual BIOS Boot Priority tab](images/visual_bios_boot_priority.png "Screenshot showing the Boot Priority tab in Visual BIOS"){: width="700"}

    1. Click the **Boot Configuration** tab and confirm the following settings:

       -  In the **UEFI Boot** window:

          -  **Boot USB Devices First** is checked.
          -  **Boot Network Devices Last** is checked.
          -  **Unlimited Network Boot Attempts** is checked.

       -  In the **Boot Devices** window:

          -  **USB** is checked.
          -  **Network Boot** is set to `UEFI PXE & iSCSI`.

       ![Visual BIOS Boot Configuration](images/visual_bios_boot_configuration.png "Screenshot showing the Boot Configuration tab in Visual BIOS"){: width="400"}

    1. Click the **Secure Boot** tab and confirm the following settings:

       -  **Secure Boot** is unchecked.

       ![Visual BIOS Secure Boot](images/visual_bios_secure_boot.png "Screenshot showing the Secure Boot tab Visual BIOS"){: width="400"}

    1. To save and exit BIOS, press `F10` and click **Yes**.

 * {Aptio V BIOS}

    ![Aptio V BIOS](images/aptio_v_bios.png "Screenshot showing Aptio V BIOS"){: width="700"}

    **Figure 2**. A screenshot of Aptio V BIOS

    To enable EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) booting on your NUC,
    do the following:

    1. Reboot your NUC.
    1. To enter the BIOS setup, press `F2` while booting.
    1. Click the **Boot** tab.
    1. Click **Secure Boot** and confirm the following settings:

       -  **Secure Boot** is set to `Disabled`.

       ![Aptio V BIOS Secure Boot](images/aptio_v_bios_secure_boot.png "Screenshot showing the Secure Boot tab in Aptio V BIOS"){: width="500"}

    1. To return, click the **<** button on the left.
    1. Click **Boot Priority** and confirm the following settings:

       -  **UEFI Boot** is checked.
       -  **Legacy Boot** is unchecked.

          Note: If you don't see the **UEFI Boot** and **Legacy Boot** options, it means that
          your system does not support legacy boot. Skip these first two checks.

       -  **Boot USB Devices First** is checked.
       -  **Boot Network Devices Last** is checked.
       -  **Unlimited Boot to Network Attempts** is checked.
       -  **USB** is checked.
       -  **Network Boot** is set to `UEFI PXE & iSCSI`.

       ![Aptio V BIOS Boot Priority](images/aptio_v_bios_boot_priority.png "Screenshot showing the Boot priority tab in Aptio V BIOS"){: width="500"}

    1. To save and exit BIOS, press `F10` and click **Ok**.

 ## 5. Install Fuchsia on the NUC {#install-fuchsia}

 Use the [Zedboot-based bootable USB drive](#prepare-zedboot-usb) to boot
 your NUC into the Zedboot mode. Then pave the
 [Workstation prebuilt image](#build-fuchsia) from your workstation
 to the NUC to install Fuchsia for the first time.

 On a NUC, Fuchsia boots the device using a chain of bootloaders. The instructions
 in this section creates a bootable USB drive for Fuchsia that handles the first two
 steps in the bootloader chain: [Gigaboot][gigaboot] and [Zedboot][glossary.zedboot].
 Gigaboot is a UEFI boot shim with some limited functionality (for instance,
 [netbooting][netbooting] and flashing). By default, Gigaboot chains into Zedboot,
 which is a bootloader built on top of Zircon. Zedboot then can boot the device
 into a Fuchsia product or allow you to pave a Fuchsia image to the device.

 To install Fuchsia on your NUC, do the following:

 1. Plug the Zedboot-based bootable USB drive into the NUC.

 1. Connect the NUC directly to the workstation using an Ethernet cable
    (or connect the NUC to a router or WiFi modem in the same
    Local Area Network as the workstation).

    Note: Network booting only works with the NUC's built-in Ethernet port –
    netbooting with an USB port (via an Ethernet-to-USB adapter) is not supported.

 1. Reboot your NUC.

    The NUC boots into Fuchsia's Zedboot mode, displaying Zedboot's signature
    blue screen.

 1. On the Zedboot screen, press `Alt` + `F3` to switch to a command-line prompt.

    Note: If you cannot press `Alt`+`F3` because the keyboard on the NUC is not
    working, see
    [Keyboard not working after Zedboot](#keyboard-not-working-after-zedboot)
    in Troubleshoot.

 1. On the NUC, view the HDD or SSD's block device path:

    ```posix-terminal
    lsblk
    ```

    Take note of the block device path (for example, the path might look like
    `/dev/sys/platform/pci/00:17.0/ahci/sata0/block`).

 1. On the NUC, wipe and initialize the partition tables of the NUC:

    ```posix-terminal
    install-disk-image wipe-partition-tables --block-device <BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH>
    ```

    ```posix-terminal
    install-disk-image init-partition-tables --block-device <BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH>
    ```

    Replace `BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH` with the block device path from the step above,
    for example:

    ```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
    $ install-disk-image wipe-partition-tables --block-device /dev/sys/platform/pci/00:17.0/ahci/sata0/block
    $ install-disk-image init-partition-tables --block-device /dev/sys/platform/pci/00:17.0/ahci/sata0/block
    ```

 1. **On your workstation**, pave the Fuchsia image to the NUC:

    ```posix-terminal
    fx pave
    ```

 1. When the paving is finished, unplug the USB drive from the NUC.

 Fuchsia is now installed on your NUC. When you reboot the device, it will load Gigaboot,
 Zedboot, and Fuchsia all from your device's storage. Therefore, you no longer need to
 keep the USB drive plugged in.

 Later, if you need to install a new version of Fuchsia (for instance, after re-building
 a new Workstation image using `fx build`), see
 [Flash a new Fuchsia image to the NUC][flash-fuchsia-to-nuc].

 ## Troubleshoot

 ### Keyboard not working after Zedboot {#keyboard-not-working-after-zedboot}

 After plugging the Zedboot USB drive to the NUC,
 if you notice that the keyboard on the NUC is not working, then skip
 Step 4 through 6 and perform the following workaround instead:

 1. **On your workstation**, try to install Fuchsia on the NUC:

    ```posix-terminal
    fx pave
    ```

    This command may fail due to the partition tables issue on the NUC.

 1. View the kernel logs:

    ```posix-terminal
    fx klog
    ```

    In the logs, look for an error message similar to the following:

    ```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
    Unable to find a valid GPT on this device with the expected partitions. Please run *one* of the following command(s):
    fx init-partition-tables /dev/sys/platform/pci/00:17.0/ahci/sata0/block
    ```
 1. To initialize the partition tables on the NUC, run the suggested command
    in the logs, for example:

    ```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
    $ fx init-partition-tables /dev/sys/platform/pci/00:17.0/ahci/sata0/block
    ```

 1. Now, to install Fuchsia on the NUC, run the following command again:

    ```posix-terminal
    fx pave
    ```

 ### Paving or netbooting not working after Zedboot {#paving-not-working-after-zedboot}

 After issuing the `fx pave` command, if paving does not complete,
 make sure the Ethernet cable is directly connected to the Ethernet port of the NUC, and
 is not using an Ethernet-to-USB adapter to connect to a USB port of the NUC –
 even though an Ethernet-to-USB adapter works after Fuchsia has been paved
 (for instance, when doing `fx ota`), the USB port doesn't work with Zedboot when paving.

 ### Address already in use {#address-already-in-use}

 When you run the `fx pave` command, you may run into the following error:

 ```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
 2022-01-20 15:23:00 [bootserver] cannot bind to [::]:33331 48: Address already in use
 there may be another bootserver running
 ```

 When you see this error, do the following:

 1. Check the processes that are currently using the port 33331:

    ```posix-terminal
    sudo lsof -i:33331
    ```

    This command prints output similar to the following:

    ```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
    $ sudo lsof -i:33331
    COMMAND   PID USER   FD   TYPE             DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
    ffx     69264 alice  15u  IPv6 0xb12345ed61b7e12d      0t0  UDP *:diamondport
    ```

 1. Terminate all the processes in the list, for example:

    ```posix-terminal
    kill 69264
    ```

 ## Appendices

 ### Supported NUC models {#supported-nuc-models}

 For GPU support, get a NUC7 (Kaby Lake) or NUC8 (Coffee Lake), or a higher
 generation.

 The list below shows some example models:

  * [Intel® NUC Kit NUC7i5DNKE][NUC7i5DNKE]{:.external}
  * [Intel® NUC Kit NUC7i5DNHE][NUC7i5DNHE]{:.external} (Best choice)
  * [Intel® NUC Kit NUC7i3DNKE][NUC7i3DNKE]{:.external}
  * [Intel® NUC Kit NUC7i3DNHE][NUC7i3DNHE]{:.external}
  * [Intel® NUC Kit NUC8i5BEK][NUC8i5BEK]{:.external}
  * [Intel® NUC Kit NUC8i5BEH][NUC8i5BEH]{:.external}
  * [Intel® NUC Kit NUC8i3BEK][NUC8i3BEK]{:.external}
  * [Intel® NUC Kit NUC8i3BEH][NUC8i3BEH]{:.external}

 ### Install RAM and SSD to a NUC device {#install-ram-and-ssd-to-nuc}

 Some NUC devices do not come with RAM or an SSD. In which case,
 you need to install them manually.

 <img width="40%" src="/docs/images/developing_on_nuc/parts.jpg"/>

 **Figure 1**. A NUC device and RAM and SSD sticks.

 The table below shows some RAM and SSD example models:

 | Item | Link | Notes |
 | ---- | ---- | ------ |
 | RAM | [Crucial 8GB DDR4-2400 SODIMM][ram-01]{:.external} | Works fine. |
 | SSD | [Samsung SSD 850 EVO SATA M.2 250GB][ssd-01]{:.external} | Works fine. |
 | SSD | [ADATA Ultimate SU800 M.2 2280 3D NAND SSD][ssd-02]{:.external} | Works fine. |
 | SSD | [CRUCIAL MX300 SSD][ssd-03]{:.external} | Works fine, but is discontinued. |

 To install the RAM and SSD on your NUC, do the following:

 1. Remove the Phillips screws on the bottom feet of the NUC.

    <img width="40%" src="/docs/images/developing_on_nuc/nuc_bottom.jpg"/>
    <img width="40%" src="/docs/images/developing_on_nuc/nuc_inside.jpg"/>

 1. Install the RAM.
 1. Remove the Phillips screws that would hold the SSD in place
    (a Phillips screwdriver with a magnetic tip is useful here).

 1. Install the SSD.
 1. Mount the SSD in place using the screws from Step 3.

    <img width="40%" src="/docs/images/developing_on_nuc/parts_installed.jpg"/>
 1. Put the bottom feet and screws back in.
 1. Plug the power, monitor (using HDMI), and keyboard into the NUC.

 ### Remote management of NUC devices {:#remote-management-of-nuc-devices}

 To enable remote management, including KVM, you need to configure
 Intel [AMT][amt]{:.external} (Active Management Technology).

 Note: This assumes you're using NUC connected to the EdgeRouter. If
 your networking setup is different, you may need a different network
 configuration.

 First, configure Intel ME on your NUC:

 1. Reboot your NUC.
 1. Enter Intel ME settings by pressing `Ctrl+P` on the boot screen.
 1. Select **MEBx Login**
 1. Set up a new password, the default one is `admin`.

    Note: The password must be at least 8 characters long, contain both lowercase and
    uppercase characters, at least one digit and at least one non alphanumeric
    character ("_" is considered alphanumeric).

    Tip: If you choose a password that is exactly 8 characters long, you can use the same password
    as the VNC password below.

 1. Configure network:

    1. Select **Intel(R) AMT Configuration**.
    1. Unconfigure existing network settings:

       1. Select **Unconfigure Network Access**
       1. Select **Full Unprovision**
       1. Press `Y` to confirm.
    1. Select **Network Setup** > **TCP/IP Settings** > **Wired LAN IPV4 Configuration**.
    1. Set **DHCP Mode** to **Disabled**.
    1. Set **IPV4 Address** to an address reachable from your host machine via the EdgeRouter.

       On your host machine, run `ifconfig` and find the entry that corresponds to the EdgeRouter, for example:

       ``` none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
       $ ifconfig
       enx00e04c0c13ba: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
               inet 192.168.42.86  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.42.255
               ...
       ```

       In this case, you could try using the address **192.168.42.20**

    1. Set **Subnet Mask Address** to the netmask of your host machine to EdgeRouter connection, for example **255.255.255.0**.
    1. Press `Esc` until you return to **Intel(R) AMT Configuration**.
    1. Select **Activate Network Access** and press `Y` to confirm.
    1. Exit Intel ME settings and save your changes.

 Now, configure the [`amtctrl`][amtctrl]{:.external} command-line utility on your host machine:

 These instructions assume you have set some environment variables:

  * `AMT_HOST`: The IPv4 address you configured in the Intel ME settings.
  * `AMT_PASSWORD`: The password you chose for Intel ME.
  * `VNC_PASSWORD`: A password for accessing the NUC over VNC.

 Note: The password used for `VNC_PASSWORD` must be _exactly_ 8 characters long,
 must contain both lowercase and uppercase characters, at least one digit and
 at least one non alphanumeric character.

 1. Clone the `amtctrl` repository:

    ```posix-terminal
    git clone https://github.com/sdague/amt
    ```

 1. Install `amtctrl`:

    ```posix-terminal
    cd amt && sudo ./setup.py install
    ```

 1. Configure NUC IP address and passwords:

    ```posix-terminal
    amtctrl set -V $VNC_PASSWORD nuc $AMT_HOST $AMT_PASSWORD
    ```

 1. Enable VNC:

    ```posix-terminal
    amtctrl nuc vnc
    ```

 Now, you can access the NUC from your host machine using any VNC client by connecting to
 the IP address set in `AMT_HOST`. Enter the password set in `VNC_PASSWORD` when prompted.

 Note: The NUC needs to be plugged in to a monitor with a HDMI cable to accept VNC connections.

 You can also turn on, turn off or reboot the NUC with the following terminal commands:

  * To turn on the NUC:

    ```posix-terminal
    amtctrl nuc on
    ```

  * To turn off the NUC:

    ```posix-terminal
    amtctrl nuc off
    ```

  * To reboot the NUC:

    ```posix-terminal
    amtctrl nuc reboot
    ```

 <!-- Reference links -->

 [nuc-wiki]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Unit_of_Computing
 [get-started-with-fuchsia]: /docs/get-started/README.md
 [gigaboot]: /src/firmware/gigaboot
 [glossary.zedboot]: /docs/glossary/README.md#zedboot
 [netbooting]: /docs/development/kernel/getting_started.md#network-booting
 [usb-setup]: /docs/development/hardware/usb_setup.md
 [supported-sys-config]: /docs/reference/hardware/support-system-config.md
 [NUC7i5DNKE]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/122486/intel-nuc-kit-nuc7i5dnke.html
 [NUC7i5DNHE]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/122488/intel-nuc-kit-nuc7i5dnhe.html
 [NUC7i3DNKE]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/122495/intel-nuc-kit-nuc7i3dnke.html
 [NUC7i3DNHE]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/122498/intel-nuc-kit-nuc7i3dnhe.html
 [NUC8i5BEK]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/126147/intel-nuc-kit-nuc8i5bek.html
 [NUC8i5BEH]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/126148/intel-nuc-kit-nuc8i5beh.html
 [NUC8i3BEK]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/126149/intel-nuc-kit-nuc8i3bek.html
 [NUC8i3BEH]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/126150/intel-nuc-kit-nuc8i3beh.html
 [ram-01]: https://www.crucial.com/memory/ddr4/ct8g4sfs824a
 [ssd-01]: https://www.samsung.com/us/computing/memory-storage/solid-state-drives/ssd-850-evo-m-2-250gb-mz-n5e250bw/
 [ssd-02]: https://www.adata.com/upload/downloadfile/Datasheet_SU800%20M.2%202280_EN_202003.pdf
 [ssd-03]: https://www.crucial.com/products/ssd/mx300-ssd
 [ffx]: https://fuchsia.dev/reference/tools/sdk/ffx
 [flash-fuchsia-to-nuc]: intel_nuc.md#flash-fuchsia
 [install-fuchsia]: intel_nuc.md
 [amt]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-technology/intel-active-management-technology.html
 [amtctrl]: https://github.com/sdague/amt
 [experimental-hardware]: /docs/contribute/governance/rfcs/0111_fuchsia_hardware_specifications.md#experimental-hardware
	# Install Fuchsia on a NUC using Zedboot (Legacy)

	This guide provides instructions on how to install Fuchsia on an
	Intel [NUC][nuc-wiki]{:.external} (Next Unit of Computing) device
	using a [Zedboot][glossary.zedboot]-based bootable USB drive.

	Caution: This legacy installation method is being deprecated
	in favor of the [`mkinstaller` command][install-fuchsia].

	The steps are:

	1. [Prerequisites](#prerequisites).
	1. [Build Fuchsia](#build-fuchsia).
	1. [Prepare a Zedboot-based bootable USB drive](#prepare-zedboot-usb).
	1. [Enable EFI booting on the NUC](#enable-efi-booting).
	1. [Install Fuchsia on the NUC](#install-fuchsia).

	## 1. Prerequisites {#prerequisites}

	Before you start installing Fuchsia on a NUC device, make sure that
	you've completed the following tasks:

	* [Set up the Fuchsia development environment](#set-up-fuchsia-env)
	* [Get parts](#get-parts)

	### Set up the Fuchsia development environment {#set-up-fuchsia-env}

	To set up the Fuchsia development environment on your workstation,
	complete the [Get started with Fuchsia][get-started-with-fuchsia] guide.

	### Get parts {#get-parts}

	Note: Fuchsia only supports the NUC configurations listed in
	[Supported system configurations][supported-sys-config]. However,
	unsupported NUC configurations may also work with Fuchsia. For more information
	on experimental setups, see [Experimental hardware][experimental-hardware].

	The following parts are required for this guide:

	* A NUC device (see [example models](#supported-nuc-models))
	* A USB 3.0 flash drive
	* A keyboard
	* A mouse (Optional)
	* A monitor with an HDMI port
	* An HDMI cable
	* An Ethernet cable
	* A Phillips-head screwdriver (with a magnetic tip)

	Note: The [_2. Build Fuchsia_](#build-fuchsia) and
	[_3. Prepare a USB drive_](#prepare-usb) sections do not require a NUC
	device, so you can complete these sections prior to obtaining a NUC device.
	However, you will need a USB flash drive for the _3. Prepare a USB drive_
	section.

	## 2. Build Fuchsia {#build-fuchsia}

	Installing Fuchsia on a NUC device requires that you build a Workstation
	image (`workstation_eng.x64`) and generate build artifacts on your workstation.

	To build Fuchsia for NUC installation, do the following:

	1. Set your build configuration to `workstation_eng.x64`:

	```posix-terminal
	fx set workstation_eng.x64
	```

	1. Build Fuchsia:

	```posix-terminal
	fx build
	```

	Building Fuchsia can take up to 90 minutes.

	## 3. Prepare a Zedboot-based bootable USB drive {#prepare-zedboot-usb}

	You need to prepare a bootable USB drive that is based on Fuchsia's
	Zedboot. Later in the [Install Fuchsia on the NUC](#install-fuchsia) section,
	you will use this USB drive to boot your NUC into the Zedboot mode.

	Note: The instructions below require that you've completed the
	build in the previous [Build Fuchsia](#build-fuchsia) section.

	To prepare a bootable USB drive, do the following:

	1. Plug the USB drive into your workstation.

	1. Identify the path to the USB drive:

	```posix-terminal
	fx list-usb-disks
	```

	This command prints output similar to the following:

	```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
	$ fx list-usb-disks
	/dev/sda - My Example USB Disk
	```

	1. Create a Zedboot-based bootable USB drive:

	```posix-terminal
	fx mkzedboot {{ "<var>" }}PATH_TO_USB_DRIVE{{ "</var>" }}
	```

	Replace `PATH_TO_USB_DRIVE` with the path to the USB drive from the step
	above, for example:

	```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
	$ fx mkzedboot /dev/sda
	```

	This command creates a Zedboot-based bootable USB drive and
	dismounts the USB drive.

	1. Unplug the USB drive from the workstation.

	## 4. Enable EFI booting on the NUC {#enable-efi-booting}

	Update your NUC's BIOS setup so that it can boot from
	a USB drive.

	Two versions of BIOS are available on NUC devices: Visual BIOS (for instance, NUC7)
	and Aptio V BIOS (for instance, NUC11). The steps are slightly different depending
	on which BIOS is included in your system.

	Important: To be able to enter the BIOS setup mode, you may need to unplug the
	Ethernet cable from the NUC device if it's already connected to the host machine.

	* {Visual BIOS}

	![Visual BIOS](images/visual_bios.png "Screenshot showing Visual BIOS"){: width="700"}

	Figure 1. A screenshot of Visual BIOS

	To enable EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) booting on your NUC,
	do the following:

	1. Reboot your NUC.
	1. To enter the BIOS setup, press `F2` while booting.
	1. Click the Advanced button at the top.
	1. Click the Boot tab.
	1. Click the Boot Priority tab and confirm the following settings:

	- UEFI Boot is checked.
	- Legacy Boot is unchecked.

	![Visual BIOS Boot Priority tab](images/visual_bios_boot_priority.png "Screenshot showing the Boot Priority tab in Visual BIOS"){: width="700"}

	1. Click the Boot Configuration tab and confirm the following settings:

	- In the UEFI Boot window:

	- Boot USB Devices First is checked.
	- Boot Network Devices Last is checked.
	- Unlimited Network Boot Attempts is checked.

	- In the Boot Devices window:

	- USB is checked.
	- Network Boot is set to `UEFI PXE & iSCSI`.

	![Visual BIOS Boot Configuration](images/visual_bios_boot_configuration.png "Screenshot showing the Boot Configuration tab in Visual BIOS"){: width="400"}

	1. Click the Secure Boot tab and confirm the following settings:

	- Secure Boot is unchecked.

	![Visual BIOS Secure Boot](images/visual_bios_secure_boot.png "Screenshot showing the Secure Boot tab Visual BIOS"){: width="400"}

	1. To save and exit BIOS, press `F10` and click Yes.

	* {Aptio V BIOS}

	![Aptio V BIOS](images/aptio_v_bios.png "Screenshot showing Aptio V BIOS"){: width="700"}

	Figure 2. A screenshot of Aptio V BIOS

	To enable EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) booting on your NUC,
	do the following:

	1. Reboot your NUC.
	1. To enter the BIOS setup, press `F2` while booting.
	1. Click the Boot tab.
	1. Click Secure Boot and confirm the following settings:

	- Secure Boot is set to `Disabled`.

	![Aptio V BIOS Secure Boot](images/aptio_v_bios_secure_boot.png "Screenshot showing the Secure Boot tab in Aptio V BIOS"){: width="500"}

	1. To return, click the < button on the left.
	1. Click Boot Priority and confirm the following settings:

	- UEFI Boot is checked.
	- Legacy Boot is unchecked.

	Note: If you don't see the UEFI Boot and Legacy Boot options, it means that
	your system does not support legacy boot. Skip these first two checks.

	- Boot USB Devices First is checked.
	- Boot Network Devices Last is checked.
	- Unlimited Boot to Network Attempts is checked.
	- USB is checked.
	- Network Boot is set to `UEFI PXE & iSCSI`.

	![Aptio V BIOS Boot Priority](images/aptio_v_bios_boot_priority.png "Screenshot showing the Boot priority tab in Aptio V BIOS"){: width="500"}

	1. To save and exit BIOS, press `F10` and click Ok.

	## 5. Install Fuchsia on the NUC {#install-fuchsia}

	Use the [Zedboot-based bootable USB drive](#prepare-zedboot-usb) to boot
	your NUC into the Zedboot mode. Then pave the
	[Workstation prebuilt image](#build-fuchsia) from your workstation
	to the NUC to install Fuchsia for the first time.

	On a NUC, Fuchsia boots the device using a chain of bootloaders. The instructions
	in this section creates a bootable USB drive for Fuchsia that handles the first two
	steps in the bootloader chain: [Gigaboot][gigaboot] and [Zedboot][glossary.zedboot].
	Gigaboot is a UEFI boot shim with some limited functionality (for instance,
	[netbooting][netbooting] and flashing). By default, Gigaboot chains into Zedboot,
	which is a bootloader built on top of Zircon. Zedboot then can boot the device
	into a Fuchsia product or allow you to pave a Fuchsia image to the device.

	To install Fuchsia on your NUC, do the following:

	1. Plug the Zedboot-based bootable USB drive into the NUC.

	1. Connect the NUC directly to the workstation using an Ethernet cable
	(or connect the NUC to a router or WiFi modem in the same
	Local Area Network as the workstation).

	Note: Network booting only works with the NUC's built-in Ethernet port –
	netbooting with an USB port (via an Ethernet-to-USB adapter) is not supported.

	1. Reboot your NUC.

	The NUC boots into Fuchsia's Zedboot mode, displaying Zedboot's signature
	blue screen.

	1. On the Zedboot screen, press `Alt` + `F3` to switch to a command-line prompt.

	Note: If you cannot press `Alt`+`F3` because the keyboard on the NUC is not
	working, see
	[Keyboard not working after Zedboot](#keyboard-not-working-after-zedboot)
	in Troubleshoot.

	1. On the NUC, view the HDD or SSD's block device path:

	```posix-terminal
	lsblk
	```

	Take note of the block device path (for example, the path might look like
	`/dev/sys/platform/pci/00:17.0/ahci/sata0/block`).

	1. On the NUC, wipe and initialize the partition tables of the NUC:

	```posix-terminal
	install-disk-image wipe-partition-tables --block-device <BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH>
	```

	```posix-terminal
	install-disk-image init-partition-tables --block-device <BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH>
	```

	Replace `BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH` with the block device path from the step above,
	for example:

	```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
	$ install-disk-image wipe-partition-tables --block-device /dev/sys/platform/pci/00:17.0/ahci/sata0/block
	$ install-disk-image init-partition-tables --block-device /dev/sys/platform/pci/00:17.0/ahci/sata0/block
	```

	1. On your workstation, pave the Fuchsia image to the NUC:

	```posix-terminal
	fx pave
	```

	1. When the paving is finished, unplug the USB drive from the NUC.

	Fuchsia is now installed on your NUC. When you reboot the device, it will load Gigaboot,
	Zedboot, and Fuchsia all from your device's storage. Therefore, you no longer need to
	keep the USB drive plugged in.

	Later, if you need to install a new version of Fuchsia (for instance, after re-building
	a new Workstation image using `fx build`), see
	[Flash a new Fuchsia image to the NUC][flash-fuchsia-to-nuc].

	## Troubleshoot

	### Keyboard not working after Zedboot {#keyboard-not-working-after-zedboot}

	After plugging the Zedboot USB drive to the NUC,
	if you notice that the keyboard on the NUC is not working, then skip
	Step 4 through 6 and perform the following workaround instead:

	1. On your workstation, try to install Fuchsia on the NUC:

	```posix-terminal
	fx pave
	```

	This command may fail due to the partition tables issue on the NUC.

	1. View the kernel logs:

	```posix-terminal
	fx klog
	```

	In the logs, look for an error message similar to the following:

	```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
	Unable to find a valid GPT on this device with the expected partitions. Please run one of the following command(s):
	fx init-partition-tables /dev/sys/platform/pci/00:17.0/ahci/sata0/block
	```
	1. To initialize the partition tables on the NUC, run the suggested command
	in the logs, for example:

	```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
	$ fx init-partition-tables /dev/sys/platform/pci/00:17.0/ahci/sata0/block
	```

	1. Now, to install Fuchsia on the NUC, run the following command again:

	```posix-terminal
	fx pave
	```

	### Paving or netbooting not working after Zedboot {#paving-not-working-after-zedboot}

	After issuing the `fx pave` command, if paving does not complete,
	make sure the Ethernet cable is directly connected to the Ethernet port of the NUC, and
	is not using an Ethernet-to-USB adapter to connect to a USB port of the NUC –
	even though an Ethernet-to-USB adapter works after Fuchsia has been paved
	(for instance, when doing `fx ota`), the USB port doesn't work with Zedboot when paving.

	### Address already in use {#address-already-in-use}

	When you run the `fx pave` command, you may run into the following error:

	```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
	2022-01-20 15:23:00 [bootserver] cannot bind to [::]:33331 48: Address already in use
	there may be another bootserver running
	```

	When you see this error, do the following:

	1. Check the processes that are currently using the port 33331:

	```posix-terminal
	sudo lsof -i:33331
	```

	This command prints output similar to the following:

	```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
	$ sudo lsof -i:33331
	COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
	ffx 69264 alice 15u IPv6 0xb12345ed61b7e12d 0t0 UDP *:diamondport
	```

	1. Terminate all the processes in the list, for example:

	```posix-terminal
	kill 69264
	```

	## Appendices

	### Supported NUC models {#supported-nuc-models}

	For GPU support, get a NUC7 (Kaby Lake) or NUC8 (Coffee Lake), or a higher
	generation.

	The list below shows some example models:

	* [Intel® NUC Kit NUC7i5DNKE][NUC7i5DNKE]{:.external}
	* [Intel® NUC Kit NUC7i5DNHE][NUC7i5DNHE]{:.external} (Best choice)
	* [Intel® NUC Kit NUC7i3DNKE][NUC7i3DNKE]{:.external}
	* [Intel® NUC Kit NUC7i3DNHE][NUC7i3DNHE]{:.external}
	* [Intel® NUC Kit NUC8i5BEK][NUC8i5BEK]{:.external}
	* [Intel® NUC Kit NUC8i5BEH][NUC8i5BEH]{:.external}
	* [Intel® NUC Kit NUC8i3BEK][NUC8i3BEK]{:.external}
	* [Intel® NUC Kit NUC8i3BEH][NUC8i3BEH]{:.external}

	### Install RAM and SSD to a NUC device {#install-ram-and-ssd-to-nuc}

	Some NUC devices do not come with RAM or an SSD. In which case,
	you need to install them manually.

	<img width="40%" src="/docs/images/developing_on_nuc/parts.jpg"/>

	Figure 1. A NUC device and RAM and SSD sticks.

	The table below shows some RAM and SSD example models:

	\| Item \| Link \| Notes \|
	\| ---- \| ---- \| ------ \|
	\| RAM \| [Crucial 8GB DDR4-2400 SODIMM][ram-01]{:.external} \| Works fine. \|
	\| SSD \| [Samsung SSD 850 EVO SATA M.2 250GB][ssd-01]{:.external} \| Works fine. \|
	\| SSD \| [ADATA Ultimate SU800 M.2 2280 3D NAND SSD][ssd-02]{:.external} \| Works fine. \|
	\| SSD \| [CRUCIAL MX300 SSD][ssd-03]{:.external} \| Works fine, but is discontinued. \|

	To install the RAM and SSD on your NUC, do the following:

	1. Remove the Phillips screws on the bottom feet of the NUC.

	<img width="40%" src="/docs/images/developing_on_nuc/nuc_bottom.jpg"/>
	<img width="40%" src="/docs/images/developing_on_nuc/nuc_inside.jpg"/>

	1. Install the RAM.
	1. Remove the Phillips screws that would hold the SSD in place
	(a Phillips screwdriver with a magnetic tip is useful here).

	1. Install the SSD.
	1. Mount the SSD in place using the screws from Step 3.

	<img width="40%" src="/docs/images/developing_on_nuc/parts_installed.jpg"/>
	1. Put the bottom feet and screws back in.
	1. Plug the power, monitor (using HDMI), and keyboard into the NUC.

	### Remote management of NUC devices {:#remote-management-of-nuc-devices}

	To enable remote management, including KVM, you need to configure
	Intel [AMT][amt]{:.external} (Active Management Technology).

	Note: This assumes you're using NUC connected to the EdgeRouter. If
	your networking setup is different, you may need a different network
	configuration.

	First, configure Intel ME on your NUC:

	1. Reboot your NUC.
	1. Enter Intel ME settings by pressing `Ctrl+P` on the boot screen.
	1. Select MEBx Login
	1. Set up a new password, the default one is `admin`.

	Note: The password must be at least 8 characters long, contain both lowercase and
	uppercase characters, at least one digit and at least one non alphanumeric
	character ("_" is considered alphanumeric).

	Tip: If you choose a password that is exactly 8 characters long, you can use the same password
	as the VNC password below.

	1. Configure network:

	1. Select Intel(R) AMT Configuration.
	1. Unconfigure existing network settings:

	1. Select Unconfigure Network Access
	1. Select Full Unprovision
	1. Press `Y` to confirm.
	1. Select Network Setup > TCP/IP Settings > Wired LAN IPV4 Configuration.
	1. Set DHCP Mode to Disabled.
	1. Set IPV4 Address to an address reachable from your host machine via the EdgeRouter.

	On your host machine, run `ifconfig` and find the entry that corresponds to the EdgeRouter, for example:

	``` none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
	$ ifconfig
	enx00e04c0c13ba: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
	inet 192.168.42.86 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255
	...
	```

	In this case, you could try using the address 192.168.42.20

	1. Set Subnet Mask Address to the netmask of your host machine to EdgeRouter connection, for example 255.255.255.0.
	1. Press `Esc` until you return to Intel(R) AMT Configuration.
	1. Select Activate Network Access and press `Y` to confirm.
	1. Exit Intel ME settings and save your changes.

	Now, configure the [`amtctrl`][amtctrl]{:.external} command-line utility on your host machine:

	These instructions assume you have set some environment variables:

	* `AMT_HOST`: The IPv4 address you configured in the Intel ME settings.
	* `AMT_PASSWORD`: The password you chose for Intel ME.
	* `VNC_PASSWORD`: A password for accessing the NUC over VNC.

	Note: The password used for `VNC_PASSWORD` must be _exactly_ 8 characters long,
	must contain both lowercase and uppercase characters, at least one digit and
	at least one non alphanumeric character.

	1. Clone the `amtctrl` repository:

	```posix-terminal
	git clone https://github.com/sdague/amt
	```

	1. Install `amtctrl`:

	```posix-terminal
	cd amt && sudo ./setup.py install
	```

	1. Configure NUC IP address and passwords:

	```posix-terminal
	amtctrl set -V $VNC_PASSWORD nuc $AMT_HOST $AMT_PASSWORD
	```

	1. Enable VNC:

	```posix-terminal
	amtctrl nuc vnc
	```

	Now, you can access the NUC from your host machine using any VNC client by connecting to
	the IP address set in `AMT_HOST`. Enter the password set in `VNC_PASSWORD` when prompted.

	Note: The NUC needs to be plugged in to a monitor with a HDMI cable to accept VNC connections.

	You can also turn on, turn off or reboot the NUC with the following terminal commands:

	* To turn on the NUC:

	```posix-terminal
	amtctrl nuc on
	```

	* To turn off the NUC:

	```posix-terminal
	amtctrl nuc off
	```

	* To reboot the NUC:

	```posix-terminal
	amtctrl nuc reboot
	```

	<!-- Reference links -->

	[nuc-wiki]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Unit_of_Computing
	[get-started-with-fuchsia]: /docs/get-started/README.md
	[gigaboot]: /src/firmware/gigaboot
	[glossary.zedboot]: /docs/glossary/README.md#zedboot
	[netbooting]: /docs/development/kernel/getting_started.md#network-booting
	[usb-setup]: /docs/development/hardware/usb_setup.md
	[supported-sys-config]: /docs/reference/hardware/support-system-config.md
	[NUC7i5DNKE]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/122486/intel-nuc-kit-nuc7i5dnke.html
	[NUC7i5DNHE]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/122488/intel-nuc-kit-nuc7i5dnhe.html
	[NUC7i3DNKE]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/122495/intel-nuc-kit-nuc7i3dnke.html
	[NUC7i3DNHE]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/122498/intel-nuc-kit-nuc7i3dnhe.html
	[NUC8i5BEK]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/126147/intel-nuc-kit-nuc8i5bek.html
	[NUC8i5BEH]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/126148/intel-nuc-kit-nuc8i5beh.html
	[NUC8i3BEK]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/126149/intel-nuc-kit-nuc8i3bek.html
	[NUC8i3BEH]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/126150/intel-nuc-kit-nuc8i3beh.html
	[ram-01]: https://www.crucial.com/memory/ddr4/ct8g4sfs824a
	[ssd-01]: https://www.samsung.com/us/computing/memory-storage/solid-state-drives/ssd-850-evo-m-2-250gb-mz-n5e250bw/
	[ssd-02]: https://www.adata.com/upload/downloadfile/Datasheet_SU800%20M.2%202280_EN_202003.pdf
	[ssd-03]: https://www.crucial.com/products/ssd/mx300-ssd
	[ffx]: https://fuchsia.dev/reference/tools/sdk/ffx
	[flash-fuchsia-to-nuc]: intel_nuc.md#flash-fuchsia
	[install-fuchsia]: intel_nuc.md
	[amt]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-technology/intel-active-management-technology.html
	[amtctrl]: https://github.com/sdague/amt
	[experimental-hardware]: /docs/contribute/governance/rfcs/0111_fuchsia_hardware_specifications.md#experimental-hardware