Fuchsia

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Summary

In the past, zx_task_kill allowed usermode to kill individual threads. However, killing individual threads encourages bad practices and has a high chance of leaving the process in a bad state. For this reason, the ability to kill individual threads should be removed.

Motivation and problem statement

There is no reasonable use for usermode to kill individual threads. Exposing such facility encourages bad practices.

On Fuchsia, like other systems, killing a thread is done asynchronously; for running threads there is no practical way to determine the exact place where it is safe to terminate a thread. For a blocked (waiting) thread, the safer and often simple solution is to add logic so upon wakeup the thread exits by itself.

Dangers killing a thread

  • Locks can be left acquired, including global locks like ones controlling the heap.
  • Memory can be leaked. At the very least the thread stack, but often many other pieces.
  • Runtime left in an inconsistent state. This is at least true for the C and Go runtime.
  • Killing a thread in its way to a syscall leaves the process in an unknown state. Kernel is fine but the process does not have a way to know what happened and what did not happen.
  • Defeats RAII wrappers and automatic cleanup. In fact, it defeats most guarantees from the high level languages Fuchsia uses.

Design

The following syscall will fail with ZX_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED when passed a handle to a thread:

zx_status_t zx_task_kill(zx_handle_t handle);

Processes and jobs will still be killable as normal.

Implementation

Luckily, thread killing is not used very much in Fuchsia. The only use cases are in test code that checks that a thread hits a specific exception. This code is going to be updated so that the excepting thread exits itself after the exception is handled. For code where the exception is unrecoverable, the excepting thread‘s instruction pointer can be set directly to zx_thread_exit or the runtime’s thread exit function before the thread resumes. These tests may still leak what the excepting thread had stored on the heap, but the runtime is in a better state, and the leaks will be collected when the test's process exits.

Performance

N/A

Security considerations

N/A

Privacy considerations

N/A

Testing

The zircon core-tests will be updated to ensure that the zx_task_kill syscall behaves as intended. Some amount of static analysis can be done to find call sites of zx_task_kill that are passed threads.

The full Fuchsia Large Scale Change (LSC) process will be followed to ensure this change is properly tested.

Documentation

The documentation for zx_task_kill will be updated to reflect that threads are not killable.

Drawbacks, Alternatives, and Unknowns

The alternative to this proposal is the current status quo, which is to allow threads to be killed. Threads have been killable for the entire history of Fuchsia, but there has not been any acceptable use cases where programs have relied on this behavior. For this reason, we believe that thread killing can be safely removed.

Prior art and references