// Copyright 2016 The Fuchsia Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#ifndef FBL_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_H_
#define FBL_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_H_

#include <zircon/compiler.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>
#include <new>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>

#include <fbl/algorithm.h>
#include <fbl/auto_lock.h>
#include <fbl/intrusive_single_list.h>
#include <fbl/mutex.h>
#include <fbl/null_lock.h>
#include <fbl/ref_ptr.h>
#include <fbl/slab_malloc.h>

// Usage Notes:
//
// fbl::SlabAllocator<> is a utility class which implements a slab-style
// allocator for a given object type.  It can be used to dispense either managed
// or unmanaged pointer types.  Managed pointers automatically return to the
// allocator when they go completely out of scope, while unmanaged pointers must
// be manually returned to the allocator they came from.  Allocators may be
// "static" (meaning that there is only one allocator for the type for the
// entire process), or "instanced" meaning that there may be multiple instances
// of the allocator for the type, each with independent quotas.
//
// :: SlabAllocatorTraits<> ::
// The properties and behavior of a type of slab allocator is controlled using
// the SlabAllocatorTraits<> struct.  Things which can be controlled include...
//
// ++ The type of object and pointer created by the allocator.
// ++ The size of the slabs of memory which get allocated.
// ++ The synchronization primitive used to achieve thread safety.
// ++ The static/instanced/manual-delete nature of the allocator.
//
// Details on each of these items are included in the sections below.
//
// :: Memory limits and allocation behavior ::
//
// Slab allocators allocate large regions of memory (slabs) and carve them into
// properly aligned regions just large enough to hold an instance of the
// allocator's object type.  Internally, the allocator maintains a list of the
// slabs it has allocated as well as a free list of currently unused blocks of
// object memory.
//
// When allocations are performed...
// 1) Objects from the free list are used first.
// 2) If the free list is empty and the currently active slab has not been
//    completely used, a block of object memory is taken from the currently
//    active slab.
// 3) If the currently active slab has no more space, and the slab allocation
//    limit has not been reached, a new slab will be allocated using malloc and
//    single block of object memory will be carved out of it.
// 4) If all of the above fail, the allocation fails an nullptr is returned.
//
// Typically, allocation operations are O(1), but occasionally will be
// O(SlabMalloc::Allocate) if a new slab needs to be allocated.  Free operations
// are always O(1).
//
// Slab size is determined by the SLAB_SIZE parameter of the
// SlabAllocatorTraits<> struct and  defaults to 16KB.  The maximum number of
// slabs the allocator is allow to create is determined at construction time.
// Additionally, an optional bool (default == false) may be passed to the
// constructor telling it to attempt to allocate at least one slab up front.
// Setting the slab limit to 1 and pre-allocating that slab during construction
// will ensure O(1) for all allocations.
//
// :: Thread Safety ::
//
// By default, SlabAllocators use a fbl::Mutex is used internally to ensure
// that allocation and free operations are thread safe.  The only external
// function called while holding the internal mutex is ::malloc.
//
// This behavior may be changed by changing the LockType template parameter of
// the SlabAllocatorTraits<> struct to be the name of the class which will
// implement the locking behavior.  The class chosen must be compatible with
// fbl::AutoLock.  fbl::NullLock may be used if no locking is what is wanted.
// UnlockedInstancedSlabAllocatorTraits or UnlockedStaticSlabAllocatorTraits may
// be used as a shorthand for this.
//
// ** Example **
//
// using MyAllocatorTraits =
//     fbl::SlabAllocatorTraits<std::unique_ptr<MyObject>,
//                               fbl::DEFAULT_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_SLAB_SIZE,
//                               fbl::NullLock,
//                               true>;
// fbl::SlabAllocator<MyAllocatorTraits> allocator;
//
// or...
//
// fbl::SlabAllocator<UnlockedStaticSlabAllocator<std::unique_ptr<MyObject>> allocator;
//
// :: Object Requirements ::
//
// Objects must be small enough that at least 1 can be allocated from a slab
// after taking alignment and internal slab bookkeeping into account.  If the
// object is too large (unlikely) the slab size must be increased.  This
// requirement is enforced with a static_assert, so any problems here should be
// caught at compile time.  MyAllocatorType::AllocsPerSlab is a constexpr which
// reports the number of allocations the compiler was able to carve out of each
// slab.
//
// All objects must derive from SlabAllocated<T> where T are the same
// SlabAllocatorTraits<> used to create the SlabAllocator itself.
//
// Deriving from SlabAllocated<> automatically provides the custom deletion
// behavior which allows the pointer to automatically return to the proper
// allocator when delete is called on the pointer (in the case of unmanaged
// pointers) or when the pointer goes completely out of scope (in the case of
// managed pointers).
//
// In the case of instanced slab allocators, the SlabAllocated<> class also
// provides storage for the pointer which will be used for the allocation to
// find its way back to its originating allocator.
//
// In the case of static slab allocators, the SlabAllocated<> class introduces
// no storage overhead to the object, it just supplies the type information
// needed for the object to automatically return to its allocator.
//
// In addition to instanced and static, there is a manual-delete flavor of slab
// allocator as well.  Manual-delete allocators are instanced (and have
// independent quotas), but objects allocated from manual-delete slab allocators
// do not pay the cost of a pointer to find their way back to the allocator they
// came from.  Instead, it is the user's responsibility to return the object to
// the allocator by calling allocator.Delete(obj_ptr) at the end of its life.
// Users are responsible for tracking which objects came from which allocator.
//
// :: Static Allocator Storage ::
//
// Static slab allocators require that the storage required for the allocator to
// function be declared instantiated in a translation unit somewhere in the
// program.  In addition, if the allocator is going to be used outside of just
// this one translation unit, the existance of the storage must be forward
// declared to all of the users of the allocator.
//
// Given the precondition...
//
//   class MyObject;
//   using SATraits = fbl::StaticAllocatorTraits<std::unique_ptr<MyObject>>;
//
// The formal syntax for forward declaring the existance of the allocator
// storage would be...
//
//   template<>
//   typename fbl::SlabAllocator<SATraits>::InternalAllocatorType
//   fbl::SlabAllocator<SATraits>::allocator_;
//
// And the formal syntax for instantiating the allocator storage would be...
//
//   template<>
//   typename fbl::SlabAllocator<SATraits>::InternalAllocatorType
//   fbl::SlabAllocator<SATraits>::allocator_(ctor_args...);
//
// To ease some of this pain, a two helper macro is provided.  In the header
// file in your program defines the allocator, you can write...
//
//   FWD_DECL_STATIC_SLAB_ALLOCATOR(SATraits);
//
// Then, in a .cpp file somewhere in your program, you can write...
//
//   DECLARE_STATIC_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_STORAGE(SATraits, ctor_args...);
//
// :: API ::
//
// The slab allocator API consists of 2 methods.
// ++ Ctor(size_t, bool)
// ++ New(...)
//
// The allocator constructor takes two arguments.  The first is the maximum
// number of slabs the allocator is permitted to allocate.  The second is a bool
// which specifies whether or not an attempt should be made to pre-allocate the
// first slab.  By default, this defaults to false.  As noted earlier, limiting
// the total number of slabs to 1 and pre-allocating the slab during
// construction guarantees O(1) allocations during operation.
//
// New(...) is used to construct and return a pointer (of designated type) to an
// object allocated from slab memory.  An appropriate form of nullptr will be
// returned if the allocator has reached its allocation limit.  New(...) will
// accept any set of parameters compatible with one of an object's constructors.
//
// ***********************
// ** Unmanaged Example **
// ***********************
//
// class MyObject : public fbl::SinglyLinkedListable<MyObject*> {
// public:
//     explicit MyObject(int val) : my_int_(val) { }
//     explicit MyObject(const char* val) : my_string_(val) { }
// private:
//     int my_int_ = 0;
//     const char* my_string_ = nullptr;
// };
//
// /* Make an instanced slab allocator with 4KB slabs which dispenses
//  * unmanaged pointers and uses no locks */
// using AllocatorTraits = fbl::UnlockedSlabAllocatorTraits<MyObject*, 4096u>;
// using AllocatorType   = fbl::SlabAllocator<AllocatorTraits>;
// using ObjListType     = fbl::SinglyLinkedList<MyObject*>;
//
// void my_function() {
//     AllocatorType allocator(1, true);   /* one pre-allocated slab */
//     ObjListType list;
//
//     /* Allocate a slab's worth of objects and put them on a list.  Use both
//      * constructors. */
//     for (size_t i = 0; i < AllocatorType::AllocsPerSlab; ++i) {
//         auto ptr = FlipACoin()
//                  ? allocator.New(5)                     /* int form */
//                  : allocator.New("this is a string");   /* string form */
//         list.push_front(ptr);
//     }
//
//     /* Do something with all of our objects */
//     for (auto& obj_ref : list)
//         DoSomething(obj_ref);
//
//     /* Return all of the objects to the allocator */
//     while(!list.is_empty())
//         delete list.pop_front();
// }
//
// ********************
// ** RefPtr Example **
// ********************
//
// /* Make a static slab allocator with default (16KB) sized slabs which
//  * dispenses RefPtr<>s and uses default (fbl::Mutex) locking.  Give the
//  * allocator permission to allocate up to 64 slabs, but do not attempt to
//  * pre-allocate the first.
//  */
// class MyObject;
// using AllocatorTraits = fbl::StaticSlabAllocatorTraits<fbl::RefPtr<MyObject>>;
// using AllocatorType   = fbl::SlabAllocator<AllocatorTraits>;
// using ObjListType     = fbl::SinglyLinkedList<fbl::RefPtr<MyObject>>;
//
// DECLARE_STATIC_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_STORAGE(AllocatorTraits, 64);
//
// class MyObject : public fbl::SlabAllocated<AllocatorTraits>,
//                  public fbl::RefCounted<MyObject>,
//                  public fbl::SinglyLinkedListable<fbl::RefPtr<MyObject>> {
// public:
//     explicit MyObject(int val) : my_int_(val) { }
//     explicit MyObject(const char* val) : my_string_(val) { }
// private:
//     int my_int_ = 0;
//     const char* my_string_ = nullptr;
// };
//
// void my_function() {
//     ObjListType list;
//
//     /* Allocate two slabs' worth of objects and put them on a list.  Use both
//      * constructors. */
//     for (size_t i = 0; i < (2 * AllocatorType::AllocsPerSlab); ++i) {
//         auto ptr = FlipACoin()
//                  ? AllocatorType::New(5)                     /* int form */
//                  : AllocatorType::New("this is a string");   /* string form */
//         list.push_front(ptr);
//     }
//
//     /* Do something with all of our objects */
//     for (auto& obj_ref : list)
//         DoSomething(obj_ref);
//
//     /* Clear the list and automatically return all of our objects */
//     list.clear();
// }
//
namespace fbl {

enum class SlabAllocatorFlavor {
  INSTANCED,
  STATIC,
  MANUAL_DELETE,
};

// Flags passed as a template argument to SlabAllocatorTraits which may be used
// to control optional behaviors of the SlabAllocator and its objects.
enum class SlabAllocatorOptions : uint64_t {
  None = 0,
  // When set, causes the slab allocator to track how many objects are allocated
  // at any point in time, as well as the maximum number of currently allocated
  // objects over the life of the allocator.
  EnableObjectCount = (1 << 0),

  // When set, MANUAL slab allocator objects will not assert when their delete
  // operator is invoked.  This allows objects to exist either as manual slab
  // allocated objects, or as objects directly allocated from the heap.
  AllowManualDeleteOperator = (1 << 1),
};

// Helper operators which allow us to easily combine and test slab allocator
// option bitfields using a standard bitwise operator syntax.  For example:
//
// Options = SlabAllocatorOptions::OptA | SlabAllocatorOptions::OptB
//
// if constexpr (Options & SlabAllocatorOptions::OptA) { ... }
//
constexpr fbl::SlabAllocatorOptions operator|(fbl::SlabAllocatorOptions A,
                                              fbl::SlabAllocatorOptions B) {
  return static_cast<fbl::SlabAllocatorOptions>(
      static_cast<std::underlying_type<fbl::SlabAllocatorOptions>::type>(A) |
      static_cast<std::underlying_type<fbl::SlabAllocatorOptions>::type>(B));
}

constexpr bool operator&(fbl::SlabAllocatorOptions A, fbl::SlabAllocatorOptions B) {
  return (static_cast<std::underlying_type<fbl::SlabAllocatorOptions>::type>(A) &
          static_cast<std::underlying_type<fbl::SlabAllocatorOptions>::type>(B)) != 0;
}

// fwd decls
template <typename T, size_t SLAB_SIZE, typename LockType, SlabAllocatorFlavor AllocatorFlavor,
          SlabAllocatorOptions Options>
struct SlabAllocatorTraits;
template <typename SATraits, typename = void>
class SlabAllocator;
template <typename SATraits, typename = void>
class SlabAllocated;

constexpr size_t DEFAULT_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_SLAB_SIZE = (16 << 10U);

namespace internal {

template <bool>
class SAObjCounter;

template <>
class SAObjCounter<false> {
 public:
  void Inc(void*) {}
  void Dec() {}
  void ResetMaxObjCount() {}
  size_t obj_count() const { return 0; }
  size_t max_obj_count() const { return 0; }
};

template <>
class SAObjCounter<true> {
 public:
  void Inc(void* allocated_ptr) {
    if (allocated_ptr == nullptr) {
      return;
    }
    ++obj_count_;
    max_obj_count_ = std::max(obj_count_, max_obj_count_);
  }
  void Dec() { --obj_count_; }
  void ResetMaxObjCount() { max_obj_count_ = obj_count_; }
  size_t obj_count() const { return obj_count_; }
  size_t max_obj_count() const { return max_obj_count_; }

 private:
  size_t obj_count_ = 0;
  size_t max_obj_count_ = 0;
};

// internal fwd-decls
template <typename T>
struct SlabAllocatorPtrTraits;
template <typename SATraits>
class SlabAllocator;

// Support for raw pointers
template <typename T>
struct SlabAllocatorPtrTraits<T*> {
  using ObjType = T;
  using PtrType = T*;

  static constexpr bool IsManaged = false;
  static constexpr PtrType CreatePtr(ObjType* ptr) { return ptr; }
};

// Support for std::unique_ptr
template <typename T>
struct SlabAllocatorPtrTraits<std::unique_ptr<T>> {
  using ObjType = T;
  using PtrType = std::unique_ptr<T>;

  static constexpr bool IsManaged = true;
  static constexpr PtrType CreatePtr(ObjType* ptr) { return PtrType(ptr); }
};

// Support for RefPtr
template <typename T>
struct SlabAllocatorPtrTraits<RefPtr<T>> {
  using ObjType = T;
  using PtrType = RefPtr<T>;

  static constexpr bool IsManaged = true;
  static constexpr PtrType CreatePtr(ObjType* ptr) { return AdoptRef<ObjType>(ptr); }
};

// Trait class used to set the origin of a slab allocated object, if needed.
template <typename SATraits, typename = void>
struct SlabOriginSetter {
  static inline void SetOrigin(typename SATraits::ObjType* ptr,
                               internal::SlabAllocator<SATraits>* origin) {
    ZX_DEBUG_ASSERT((ptr != nullptr) && (origin != nullptr));
    ptr->slab_origin_ = origin;
  }
};

// Slab allocated objects from STATIC and MANUAL_DELETE slab allocators do not
// have (or need) a slab_origin.  Their "origin setter" is a no-op.
template <typename SATraits>
struct SlabOriginSetter<
    SATraits, std::enable_if_t<(SATraits::AllocatorFlavor == SlabAllocatorFlavor::STATIC) ||
                               (SATraits::AllocatorFlavor == SlabAllocatorFlavor::MANUAL_DELETE)>> {
  static inline void SetOrigin(typename SATraits::ObjType* ptr,
                               internal::SlabAllocator<SATraits>* origin) {}
};

// Non-templated SlabAllocatorBase.  Any code which does not strictly depend on
// trait/type awareness lives here in order to minimize code size explosion due
// to template expansion.
class SlabAllocatorBase {
 protected:
  struct FreeListEntry
      : public SinglyLinkedListable<FreeListEntry*, NodeOptions::AllowClearUnsafe> {};

  struct Slab {
    explicit Slab(size_t initial_bytes_used) : bytes_used_(initial_bytes_used) {}

    void* Allocate(size_t alloc_size, size_t slab_storage_limit) {
      if ((bytes_used_ + alloc_size) > slab_storage_limit)
        return nullptr;

      void* ret = storage_ + bytes_used_;
      bytes_used_ += alloc_size;
      return ret;
    }

    SinglyLinkedListNodeState<Slab*> sll_node_state_;
    size_t bytes_used_;
    uint8_t storage_[];
  };

  static constexpr size_t SlabOverhead = offsetof(Slab, storage_);

 public:
  DISALLOW_COPY_ASSIGN_AND_MOVE(SlabAllocatorBase);

  SlabAllocatorBase(size_t slab_size, size_t alloc_size, size_t alloc_alignment,
                    size_t initial_slab_used, size_t max_slabs, bool alloc_initial)
      : slab_size_(slab_size),
        slab_alignment_(std::max(alignof(Slab), alloc_alignment)),
        slab_storage_limit_(slab_size - SlabOverhead + initial_slab_used),
        alloc_size_(alloc_size),
        initial_slab_used_(initial_slab_used),
        max_slabs_(max_slabs) {
    // Attempt to ensure that at least one slab has been allocated before
    // finishing construction if the user has asked us to do so.  In some
    // situations, this can help to ensure that allocation performance is
    // always O(1), provided that the slab limit has been configured to be
    // 1.
    if (alloc_initial) {
      // No need to take the lock here, no one can possible know about us
      // yet.
      void* first_alloc = AllocateLocked();
      if (first_alloc != nullptr)
        ReturnToFreeListLocked(first_alloc);
    }
  }

  ~SlabAllocatorBase() {
#if ZX_DEBUG_ASSERT_IMPLEMENTED
    size_t allocated_count = 0;
    size_t free_list_size = this->free_list_.size_slow();
#endif
    // null out the free list so that it does not assert that we left
    // unmanaged pointers on it as we destruct, and so that the free list
    // does not attempt to auto-destruct the managed objects which were
    // present on it after the slab memory has been freed
    this->free_list_.clear_unsafe();

    while (!slab_list_.is_empty()) {
      Slab* free_me = slab_list_.pop_front();
#if ZX_DEBUG_ASSERT_IMPLEMENTED
      size_t bytes_used = free_me->bytes_used_ - initial_slab_used_;
      ZX_DEBUG_ASSERT(free_me->bytes_used_ >= initial_slab_used_);
      ZX_DEBUG_ASSERT((bytes_used % alloc_size_) == 0);
      allocated_count += (bytes_used / alloc_size_);
#endif
      SlabMalloc::Free(reinterpret_cast<void*>(free_me));
    }

    // Make sure that everything which was ever allocated had been returned
    // to the free list before we were destroyed.
    ZX_DEBUG_ASSERT_COND(free_list_size == allocated_count);
  }

  size_t max_slabs() const { return max_slabs_; }
  size_t slab_count() const { return slab_count_; }

 protected:
  void* AllocateLocked() {
    // If we can alloc from the free list, do so.
    if (!free_list_.is_empty()) {
      return free_list_.pop_front();
    }

    // If we can allocate from the currently active slab, do so.
    if (!slab_list_.is_empty()) {
      auto& active_slab = slab_list_.front();
      void* mem = active_slab.Allocate(alloc_size_, slab_storage_limit_);
      if (mem)
        return mem;
    }

    // If we are allowed to allocate new slabs, try to do so.
    if (slab_count_ < max_slabs_) {
      void* slab_mem = SlabMalloc::Allocate(slab_size_, slab_alignment_);
      if (slab_mem != nullptr) {
        Slab* slab = new (slab_mem) Slab(initial_slab_used_);

        slab_count_++;
        slab_list_.push_front(slab);

        return slab->Allocate(alloc_size_, slab_storage_limit_);
      }
    }

    // Looks like we have run out of resources.
    return nullptr;
  }

  void ReturnToFreeListLocked(void* ptr) {
    FreeListEntry* free_obj = new (ptr) FreeListEntry;
    free_list_.push_front(free_obj);
  }

 private:
  // Constant properties of the allocator passed to us by our templated
  // wrapper during construction.
  const size_t slab_size_;
  const size_t slab_alignment_;
  const size_t slab_storage_limit_;
  const size_t alloc_size_;
  const size_t initial_slab_used_;
  const size_t max_slabs_;

  SinglyLinkedList<FreeListEntry*> free_list_;
  SinglyLinkedList<Slab*> slab_list_;
  size_t slab_count_ = 0;
};

template <typename SATraits>
class SlabAllocator : public SlabAllocatorBase {
 public:
  using PtrTraits = typename SATraits::PtrTraits;
  using PtrType = typename SATraits::PtrType;
  using ObjType = typename SATraits::ObjType;

 protected:
  static constexpr size_t SLAB_SIZE = SATraits::SLAB_SIZE;
  static constexpr size_t AllocSize = std::max(sizeof(FreeListEntry), sizeof(ObjType));
  static constexpr size_t AllocAlign = std::max(alignof(FreeListEntry), alignof(ObjType));

  static_assert(AllocAlign > 0, "Alignment requirements cannot be zero!");
  static_assert(!(AllocSize % AllocAlign),
                "Allocation size must be a multiple of allocation alignment!");

  static constexpr size_t SlabStorageMisalignment = SlabAllocatorBase::SlabOverhead % AllocAlign;
  static constexpr size_t InitialSlabUse =
      SlabStorageMisalignment ? AllocAlign - SlabStorageMisalignment : 0;
  static constexpr size_t TotalSlabOverhead = SlabAllocatorBase::SlabOverhead + InitialSlabUse;

  static_assert((sizeof(Slab) < SATraits::SLAB_SIZE) || (TotalSlabOverhead < SATraits::SLAB_SIZE),
                "SLAB_SIZE too small to hold slab bookkeeping");

 public:
  static constexpr size_t AllocsPerSlab = (SLAB_SIZE - TotalSlabOverhead) / AllocSize;

  static_assert(AllocsPerSlab > 0, "SLAB_SIZE too small to hold even 1 allocation");

  // Slab allocated objects must derive from SlabAllocated<SATraits>.
  static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<SlabAllocated<SATraits>, ObjType>,
                "Objects which are slab allocated from an allocator of type "
                "SlabAllocator<T> must derive from SlabAllocated<T>.");

  DISALLOW_COPY_ASSIGN_AND_MOVE(SlabAllocator);

  explicit SlabAllocator(size_t max_slabs, bool alloc_initial = false)
      : SlabAllocatorBase(SLAB_SIZE, AllocSize, AllocAlign, InitialSlabUse, max_slabs,
                          alloc_initial) {}

  ~SlabAllocator() {}

  template <typename... ConstructorSignature>
  PtrType New(ConstructorSignature&&... args) {
    void* mem = Allocate();

    if (mem == nullptr)
      return nullptr;

    // Construct the object
    //
    // Note: This rather odd forwarding of this construction operation to
    // the non-internal form of the slab allocator is deliberate.  This
    // prevents object with private constructors from needing to be friends
    // of a fbl::internal class (a class which they should not need to know
    // about).
    ObjType* obj = ::fbl::SlabAllocator<SATraits>::ConstructObject(
        mem, std::forward<ConstructorSignature>(args)...);

    // Now, record the slab allocator this object came from so it can be
    // returned later on.
    //
    // Note: This is a no-op in the case of an object which came from a
    // static slab allocator (who's road home is determined purely by type)
    SlabOriginSetter<SATraits>::SetOrigin(obj, this);

    return PtrTraits::CreatePtr(obj);
  }

  size_t obj_count() const {
    static_assert(SATraits::Options & SlabAllocatorOptions::EnableObjectCount,
                  "Error accessing obj_count: Object counter not enabled in SATraits.");
    return sa_obj_counter_.obj_count();
  }
  size_t max_obj_count() const {
    static_assert(SATraits::Options & SlabAllocatorOptions::EnableObjectCount,
                  "Error accessing max_obj_count: Object counter not enabled in SATraits.");
    return sa_obj_counter_.max_obj_count();
  }
  void ResetMaxObjCount() {
    static_assert(SATraits::Options & SlabAllocatorOptions::EnableObjectCount,
                  "Error performing ResetMaxObjCount: Object counter not enabled in SATraits.");
    AutoLock alloc_lock(&alloc_lock_);
    sa_obj_counter_.ResetMaxObjCount();
  }

 protected:
  friend class ::fbl::SlabAllocator<SATraits>;
  friend class ::fbl::SlabAllocated<SATraits>;

  void* Allocate() {
    AutoLock alloc_lock(&this->alloc_lock_);
    void* ptr = AllocateLocked();
    sa_obj_counter_.Inc(ptr);
    return ptr;
  }

  void ReturnToFreeList(void* ptr) {
    FreeListEntry* free_obj = new (ptr) FreeListEntry;
    {
      AutoLock alloc_lock(&alloc_lock_);
      ReturnToFreeListLocked(free_obj);
      sa_obj_counter_.Dec();
    }
  }

  typename SATraits::LockType alloc_lock_;
  SAObjCounter<SATraits::Options & SlabAllocatorOptions::EnableObjectCount> sa_obj_counter_;
};
}  // namespace internal

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Fundamental traits which control the properties of a slab allocator.
//
// Parameters:
// ++ T
//  The pointer type of the object to be created by the allocator.  Must be one
//  of the following...
//  ++ ObjectType*
//  ++ std::unique_ptr<ObjectType>
//  ++ fbl::RefPtr<ObjectType>
//
// ++ SLAB_SIZE
//  The size (in bytes) of an individual slab.  Defaults to 16KB
//
// ++ LockType
//  The fbl::AutoLock compatible class which will handle synchronization.
//
// ++ AllocatorType
//  Selects between a the three flavors of allocator.
//  ++ INSTANCED - Allocations come from an instance of an allocator.
//     Allocation objects carry the overhead of an "origin pointer" which will
//     be used to find their way home when the delete operator is applied to the
//     object.  Each instance of an allocator has it's own slab quota.
//  ++ STATIC - Allocations come from a static instance of an allocator.  There
//     is only one allocation pool for the entire process.  All allocator
//     methods are static members of the allocator's type and use the
//     MyAllocator::Method syntax (instead of my_allocator.Method).  Allocation
//     objects carry no overhead and will find their way home based on type when
//     the delete operator is applied to them.
//  ++ MANUAL_DELETE - A type of INSTANCED allocator where objects have no
//     pointer overhead.  The delete operator of the object is hidden in the
//     SlabAllocated<> class preventing users from delete'ing these objects, and
//     will also trigger a static_assert if invoked.  Users must be aware of
//     where their allocations came from and are responsible for calling
//     allocator.Delete in order to destruct and return the object to the
//     allocator it came from.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <typename T, size_t _SLAB_SIZE = DEFAULT_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_SLAB_SIZE,
          typename _LockType = ::fbl::Mutex,
          SlabAllocatorFlavor _AllocatorFlavor = SlabAllocatorFlavor::INSTANCED,
          SlabAllocatorOptions _Options = SlabAllocatorOptions::None>
struct SlabAllocatorTraits {
  using PtrTraits = internal::SlabAllocatorPtrTraits<T>;
  using PtrType = typename PtrTraits::PtrType;
  using ObjType = typename PtrTraits::ObjType;
  using LockType = _LockType;

  static constexpr size_t SLAB_SIZE = _SLAB_SIZE;
  static constexpr SlabAllocatorFlavor AllocatorFlavor = _AllocatorFlavor;
  static constexpr SlabAllocatorOptions Options = _Options;
};

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Implementation of an instanced slab allocator.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <typename SATraits>
class SlabAllocator<
    SATraits, std::enable_if_t<(SATraits::AllocatorFlavor == SlabAllocatorFlavor::INSTANCED) ||
                               (SATraits::AllocatorFlavor == SlabAllocatorFlavor::MANUAL_DELETE)>>
    : public internal::SlabAllocator<SATraits> {
 public:
  static_assert((SATraits::AllocatorFlavor == SlabAllocatorFlavor::MANUAL_DELETE) ||
                    !(SATraits::Options & SlabAllocatorOptions::AllowManualDeleteOperator),
                "AllowManualDeleteOperator may only be used with MANUAL_DELETE slab allocators");

  using PtrTraits = typename SATraits::PtrTraits;
  using PtrType = typename SATraits::PtrType;
  using ObjType = typename SATraits::ObjType;
  using BaseAllocatorType = internal::SlabAllocator<SATraits>;

  static constexpr size_t AllocsPerSlab = BaseAllocatorType::AllocsPerSlab;

  explicit SlabAllocator(size_t max_slabs, bool alloc_initial = false)
      : BaseAllocatorType(max_slabs, alloc_initial) {}

  ~SlabAllocator() {}

  void Delete(ObjType* ptr) {
    static_assert(SATraits::AllocatorFlavor == SlabAllocatorFlavor::MANUAL_DELETE,
                  "Only MANUAL_DELETE slab allocators have a Delete method!");
    ptr->~ObjType();
    BaseAllocatorType::ReturnToFreeList(ptr);
  }

 private:
  friend class internal::SlabAllocator<SATraits>;  // internal::SA<> gets to call ConstructObject

  template <typename... ConstructorSignature>
  static ObjType* ConstructObject(void* mem, ConstructorSignature&&... args) {
    return new (mem) ObjType(std::forward<ConstructorSignature>(args)...);
  }
};

template <typename SATraits>
class SlabAllocated<
    SATraits, std::enable_if_t<(SATraits::AllocatorFlavor == SlabAllocatorFlavor::INSTANCED)>> {
 public:
  static_assert(!(SATraits::Options & SlabAllocatorOptions::AllowManualDeleteOperator),
                "AllowManualDeleteOperator may only be used with MANUAL_DELETE slab allocators");

  using AllocatorType = internal::SlabAllocator<SATraits>;
  using ObjType = typename SATraits::ObjType;

  SlabAllocated() {}
  ~SlabAllocated() {}

  DISALLOW_COPY_ASSIGN_AND_MOVE(SlabAllocated);

  void operator delete(void* ptr) {
    // Note: this is a bit sketchy...  We have been destructed at this point
    // in time, but we are about to access our slab_origin_ member variable.
    // The *only* reason that this is OK is that we know that our destructor
    // does not touch slab_origin_, and no one else in our hierarchy should
    // be able to modify slab_origin_ because it is private.
    ObjType* obj_ptr = reinterpret_cast<ObjType*>(ptr);

    ZX_DEBUG_ASSERT(obj_ptr != nullptr);
    ZX_DEBUG_ASSERT(obj_ptr->slab_origin_ != nullptr);
    obj_ptr->slab_origin_->ReturnToFreeList(obj_ptr);
  }

 private:
  friend struct internal::SlabOriginSetter<SATraits>;
  AllocatorType* slab_origin_ = nullptr;
};

template <typename SATraits>
class SlabAllocated<
    SATraits, std::enable_if_t<(SATraits::PtrTraits::IsManaged == false) &&
                               (SATraits::AllocatorFlavor == SlabAllocatorFlavor::MANUAL_DELETE)>> {
 public:
  SlabAllocated() {}
  ~SlabAllocated() {}

  DISALLOW_COPY_ASSIGN_AND_MOVE(SlabAllocated);

 protected:
  // Object which come from a MANUAL_DELETE slab allocator may not be destroyed
  // using the delete operator unless the user has explicitly allowed it by
  // passing the AllowManualDeleteOperator in their Options.  Instead, users
  // must return the object to its allocator using the Delete method of the
  // allocator instance.
  //
  // Hide the delete operator, and halt-and-catch-fire if some Bad Person ever
  // manages to generate a call to this operator without passing the option.
  // Otherwise, make sure that we passthru to the global delete operator.
  void operator delete(void* obj) {
    if constexpr (SATraits::Options & SlabAllocatorOptions::AllowManualDeleteOperator) {
      ::operator delete(obj);
    } else {
      ZX_DEBUG_ASSERT(false);
    }
  }
};

// Shorthand for declaring the properties of an instanced allocator (somewhat
// superfluous as the default is instanced)
template <typename T, size_t SLAB_SIZE = DEFAULT_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_SLAB_SIZE,
          typename LockType = ::fbl::Mutex,
          SlabAllocatorOptions Options = SlabAllocatorOptions::None>
using InstancedSlabAllocatorTraits =
    SlabAllocatorTraits<T, SLAB_SIZE, LockType, SlabAllocatorFlavor::INSTANCED, Options>;

template <typename T, size_t SLAB_SIZE = DEFAULT_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_SLAB_SIZE,
          SlabAllocatorOptions Options = SlabAllocatorOptions::None>
using UnlockedInstancedSlabAllocatorTraits =
    SlabAllocatorTraits<T, SLAB_SIZE, ::fbl::NullLock, SlabAllocatorFlavor::INSTANCED, Options>;

template <typename T, size_t SLAB_SIZE = DEFAULT_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_SLAB_SIZE,
          SlabAllocatorOptions Options = SlabAllocatorOptions::None>
using UnlockedSlabAllocatorTraits =
    SlabAllocatorTraits<T, SLAB_SIZE, ::fbl::NullLock, SlabAllocatorFlavor::INSTANCED, Options>;

// Shorthand for declaring the properties of a MANUAL_DELETE slab allocator.
template <typename T, size_t SLAB_SIZE = DEFAULT_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_SLAB_SIZE,
          typename LockType = ::fbl::Mutex,
          SlabAllocatorOptions Options = SlabAllocatorOptions::None>
using ManualDeleteSlabAllocatorTraits =
    SlabAllocatorTraits<T, SLAB_SIZE, LockType, SlabAllocatorFlavor::MANUAL_DELETE, Options>;

template <typename T, size_t SLAB_SIZE = DEFAULT_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_SLAB_SIZE,
          SlabAllocatorOptions Options = SlabAllocatorOptions::None>
using UnlockedManualDeleteSlabAllocatorTraits =
    SlabAllocatorTraits<T, SLAB_SIZE, ::fbl::NullLock, SlabAllocatorFlavor::MANUAL_DELETE, Options>;

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Implementation of a static slab allocator.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <typename SATraits>
class SlabAllocator<SATraits,
                    std::enable_if_t<(SATraits::AllocatorFlavor == SlabAllocatorFlavor::STATIC)>> {
 public:
  static_assert(!(SATraits::Options & SlabAllocatorOptions::AllowManualDeleteOperator),
                "AllowManualDeleteOperator may only be used with MANUAL_DELETE slab allocators");

  using PtrTraits = typename SATraits::PtrTraits;
  using PtrType = typename SATraits::PtrType;
  using ObjType = typename SATraits::ObjType;
  using InternalAllocatorType = internal::SlabAllocator<SATraits>;

  static constexpr size_t AllocsPerSlab = InternalAllocatorType::AllocsPerSlab;

  // Do not allow instantiation of static slab allocators.
  SlabAllocator() = delete;

  template <typename... ConstructorSignature>
  static PtrType New(ConstructorSignature&&... args) {
    return allocator_.New(std::forward<ConstructorSignature>(args)...);
  }

  static size_t max_slabs() { return allocator_.max_slabs(); }
  static size_t obj_count() { return allocator_.obj_count(); }
  static size_t max_obj_count() { return allocator_.max_obj_count(); }
  static size_t slab_count() { return allocator_.slab_count(); }
  static void ResetMaxObjCount() { allocator_.ResetMaxObjCount(); }

 private:
  friend class SlabAllocated<SATraits>;            // SlabAllocated<> gets to call ReturnToFreeList
  friend class internal::SlabAllocator<SATraits>;  // internal::SA<> gets to call ConstructObject

  template <typename... ConstructorSignature>
  static ObjType* ConstructObject(void* mem, ConstructorSignature&&... args) {
    return new (mem) ObjType(std::forward<ConstructorSignature>(args)...);
  }

  static void ReturnToFreeList(void* ptr) { allocator_.ReturnToFreeList(ptr); }
  static InternalAllocatorType allocator_;
};

template <typename SATraits>
class SlabAllocated<SATraits,
                    std::enable_if_t<(SATraits::AllocatorFlavor == SlabAllocatorFlavor::STATIC)>> {
 public:
  static_assert(!(SATraits::Options & SlabAllocatorOptions::AllowManualDeleteOperator),
                "AllowManualDeleteOperator may only be used with MANUAL_DELETE slab allocators");

  SlabAllocated() {}
  DISALLOW_COPY_ASSIGN_AND_MOVE(SlabAllocated);

  using AllocatorType = SlabAllocator<SATraits>;
  using ObjType = typename SATraits::ObjType;

  void operator delete(void* ptr) {
    ZX_DEBUG_ASSERT(ptr != nullptr);
    AllocatorType::ReturnToFreeList(reinterpret_cast<ObjType*>(ptr));
  }
};

// Shorthand for declaring the properties of a static allocator
template <typename T, size_t SLAB_SIZE = DEFAULT_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_SLAB_SIZE,
          typename LockType = ::fbl::Mutex,
          SlabAllocatorOptions Options = SlabAllocatorOptions::None>
using StaticSlabAllocatorTraits =
    SlabAllocatorTraits<T, SLAB_SIZE, LockType, SlabAllocatorFlavor::STATIC, Options>;

template <typename T, size_t SLAB_SIZE = DEFAULT_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_SLAB_SIZE,
          SlabAllocatorOptions Options = SlabAllocatorOptions::None>
using UnlockedStaticSlabAllocatorTraits =
    SlabAllocatorTraits<T, SLAB_SIZE, ::fbl::NullLock, SlabAllocatorFlavor::STATIC, Options>;

// Shorthand for declaring the global storage required for a static allocator
#define DECLARE_STATIC_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_STORAGE(ALLOC_TRAITS, ...) \
  template <>                                                    \
  ::fbl::SlabAllocator<ALLOC_TRAITS>::InternalAllocatorType      \
      fbl::SlabAllocator<ALLOC_TRAITS>::allocator_(__VA_ARGS__)

// Shorthand for forward declaring the existance of the storage required to use
// a static slab allocator.  Use this macro in your header file if your static
// slab allocator is to be used outside of a single translational unit.
#define FWD_DECL_STATIC_SLAB_ALLOCATOR(ALLOC_TRAITS)        \
  template <>                                               \
  ::fbl::SlabAllocator<ALLOC_TRAITS>::InternalAllocatorType \
      fbl::SlabAllocator<ALLOC_TRAITS>::allocator_

}  // namespace fbl

#endif  // FBL_SLAB_ALLOCATOR_H_