This guide provides instructions on how to install Fuchsia on a NUC{:.external} (Next Unit of Computing) device.
The steps are:
Before you start installing Fuchsia on a NUC device, make sure that you've completed the following tasks:
Note: The Build Fuchsia and Prepare a USB drive sections do not require a NUC device, so you can complete these sections prior to obtaining a NUC device – however, the Prepare a USB drive section requires a USB flash drive.
The following parts are required for this guide:
Note: Fuchsia only supports the specific system configurations listed in Supported system configurations.
Complete the Get started with Fuchsia guide to set up the Fuchsia development environment on your workstation.
If you have already completed the Get started guide above, do the following:
Set your build configuration to workstation.x64:
fx set workstation.x64
Build Fuchsia:
fx build
This generates a Fuchsia image you'll use later in the Bootstrap the NUC section.
Installing Fuchsia on a device requires you to prepare a bootable USB drive.
On a NUC, Fuchsia boots the device using a chain of bootloaders. The instructions in this section creates a bootable USB drive for Fuchsia, which handles the first two steps in the bootloader chain, Gigaboot and Zedboot.
Gigaboot is a UEFI boot shim with some limited functionality (for instance, netbooting and flashing). By default, Gigaboot chains into Zedboot, which is a bootloader built on top of Zircon. Zedboot then can boot the device into a Fuchsia product or allow you to pave a Fuchsia image to the device. (For more information on the bootable USB drive, see Prepare a USB flash drive to be a bootable disk.)
To prepare a bootable USB drive, do the following:
Note: The instructions below require that you've completed the Build Fuchsia section above.
Plug the USB drive into your workstation.
Identify the path to the USB drive:
fx list-usb-disks
Create a Zedboot-based bootable USB drive:
fx mkzedboot <PATH_TO_USB_DRIVE>
Replace PATH_TO_USB_DRIVE with the path to the USB drive from the step above, for example:
$ fx mkzedboot /dev/disk2
This command creates a Zedboot-based bootable USB drive and ejects the drive.
Unplug the USB drive from the workstation.
You'll need this USB drive later in the Bootstrap the NUC section.
Some NUC devices do not come with RAM or an SSD. In which case, you need to install them manually.
Figure 1. A NUC device and RAM and SSD sticks.
To install the RAM and SSD on your NUC, do the following:
Remove the Phillips screws on the bottom feet of the NUC.
Install the RAM.
Remove the Phillips screws that would hold the SSD in place.
Note: A Phillips screwdriver with a magnetic tip is useful here.
Install the SSD.
Mount the SSD in place using the screws from Step 3.
Put the bottom feet and screws back in.
Plug the power, monitor (via HDMI), and keyboard into the NUC.
To enable EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) booting on your NUC, do the following:
Reboot your NUC.
To enter the BIOS setup, press F2 while booting.
In the Boot Order window on the left, click the Legacy tab.
Uncheck Legacy Boot.
Click the Advanced button.
Confirm the following boot configuration:
To save and exit BIOS, press F10 and click Yes.
Installing Fuchsia on a device for the first time requires you to boot the device into Zedboot and pave a Fuchsia image to the device's storage.
To pave Fuchsia on your NUC, do the following:
Plug the Zedboot-based bootable USB drive into the NUC.
Connect the NUC directly to the workstation using an Ethernet cable (or connect the NUC to a router or WiFi modem in the same Local Area Network as the workstation).
Note: Network booting only works with the NUC's built-in Ethernet port – netbooting with an USB port (via an Ethernet-to-USB adapter) is not supported.
Reboot your NUC.
The NUC boots into Fuchsia‘s Zedboot mode, displaying Zedboot’s signature blue screen.
On the Zedboot screen, press Alt + F3 to switch to a command-line prompt.
Note: If you cannot press Alt+F3 because the keyboard on the NUC is not working, see Keyboard not working after Zedboot in Troubleshoot.
On the NUC, view the HDD or SSD's block device path:
lsblk
Take note of the block device path (for example, the path might look like /dev/sys/platform/pci/00:17.0/ahci/sata0/block).
On the NUC, clear and initialize the partition tables of the NUC:
install-disk-image init-partition-tables --block-device <BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH>
Replace BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH with the block device path from the step above, for example:
$ install-disk-image init-partition-tables --block-device /dev/sys/platform/pci/00:17.0/ahci/sata0/block
On your workstation, pave the Fuchsia image to the NUC:
fx pave
When the paving is finished, unplug the USB drive from the NUC.
Fuchsia is now installed on your NUC. When you reboot the device, it will load Gigaboot, Zedboot, and Fuchsia all from your device‘s storage. So you don’t need the USB drive plugged into the NUC any longer.
Later, if you need to install a new version of Fuchsia (for instance, after re-building a Fuchsia image using fx build), see the Flash a new Fuchsia image to the NUC section in Appendices.
In the Bootstrap the NUC section, after plugging the Zedboot USB drive into the NUC, if you notice that the keyboard on the NUC is not working, then skip Step 4 through 6 and perform the following workaround instead:
On your workstation, try to install Fuchsia on the NUC:
fx pave
This command may fail due to the partition tables issue on the NUC.
View the kernel logs:
fx klog
In the logs, look for an error message similar to the following:
Unable to find a valid GPT on this device with the expected partitions. Please run *one* of the following command(s): fx init-partition-tables /dev/sys/platform/pci/00:17.0/ahci/sata0/block
To initialize the partition tables on the NUC, run the suggested command in the logs, for example:
$ fx init-partition-tables /dev/sys/platform/pci/00:17.0/ahci/sata0/block
Now, to install Fuchsia on the NUC, run the following command again:
fx pave
In the Bootstrap the NUC section, after issuing an fx pave command, if paving does not complete, make sure the Ethernet cable is directly connected to the Ethernet port of the NUC, and is not using an Ethernet-to-USB adapter to connect to a USB port of the NUC – even though an Ethernet-to-USB adapter works after Fuchsia has been paved (for instance, when doing fx ota), the USB port doesn't work with Zedboot when paving.
In the Bootstrap the NUC section, when you run the fx pave command, you may run into the following error:
2022-01-20 15:23:00 [bootserver] cannot bind to [::]:33331 48: Address already in use there may be another bootserver running
When you see this error, do the following:
Check the processes that are currently using the port 33331:
sudo lsof -i:33331
This command prints output similar to the following:
$ sudo lsof -i:33331 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME ffx 69264 alice 15u IPv6 0xb12345ed61b7e12d 0t0 UDP *:diamondport
Terminate all the processes in the list, for example:
kill 69264
For GPU support, get a NUC7 (Kaby Lake) or NUC8 (Coffee Lake), or a higher generation.
The list below shows some example models:
The table below shows some RAM and SSD example models:
| Item | Link | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| RAM | Crucial 8GB DDR4-2400 SODIMM{:.external} | Works fine. |
| SSD | Samsung SSD 850 EVO SATA M.2 250GB{:.external} | Works fine. |
| SSD | ADATA Ultimate SU800 M.2 2280 3D NAND SSD{:.external} | Works fine. |
| SSD | CRUCIAL MX300 SSD{:.external} | Works fine, but is discontinued. |
Once a NUC is bootstrapped (via fx pave) and is running Fuchsia, you can start using Fuchsia's new flashing process to provision a new Fuchsia image to the NUC.
Note: The flashing process uses Fuchsia's new ffx tool.
To flash a Fuchsia image to your NUC, do the following:
Connect the NUC directly to the workstation using an Ethernet cable (or connect the NUC to a router or WiFi modem in the same Local Area Network as the workstation).
Reboot your NUC.
To boot the NUC into Fastboot mode, press the f key at the Fuchsia boot screen.
Once the NUC is in Fastboot mode, you can see entering fastboot mode printed on the screen.
On your workstation, detect the NUC in Fastboot mode:
ffx target list
This command prints output similar to the following:
$ ffx target list NAME SERIAL TYPE STATE ADDRS/IP RCS fuchsia-54b2-0389-644b <unknown> Unknown Fastboot [fe81::55b1:2ff:fe34:567b%en10] N
Verify that the device's state is in Fastboot.
Flash a new Fuchsia image to the NUC:
Note: To build a new Fuchsia image, see the Build Fuchsia section above.
fx flash
When the flashing is finished, the NUC reboots and starts running the new Fuchsia image.
To confirm that the NUC is flashed successfully, run the following command:
ffx target list
This command prints output similar to the following:
$ ffx target list NAME SERIAL TYPE STATE ADDRS/IP RCS fuchsia-54b2-0389-644b <unknown> Unknown Product [fe81::55b1:2ff:fe34:567b%en10] N
Notice that the device's state is now Product.